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e

BOILERSAFETY,TROUBLESHOOTINGANDINSPECTION

Tal
kPag
e

Saf
eOpe
rat
ionandTr
oubl
esho
oti
ngo
fCB-
HAWKBo
il
erManag
eme
ntCo
ntr
olSys
tem

TheCB-Hawkboi
le
rmanag
ementcont
rols
yste
m( '
''Fi
gur
e1''')co
mbi
nesthefunc
tio
nsofa
fl
amesafe
guar
dprogr
ammerwit
hthoseofoper
ati
ngandfir
ingrat
eco
ntro
ls.Ital
somoni
tor
sthe
fue
lpressureandt empe r
at ure(i
fre qui
r e
d)wi t
hs ol
id-s
tatesensor
sandpr o
videsabuilt
-in
saf
etylimitcontrolofthosef unc
tions.Thissystemisusedo nmostt ypesofsteamo rhotwater
boi
ler
s,incl
udingfire-t
ube ,industr
ialwat er
-tube,andc ommerci
alwat e
r-tube.Thecontro
l
sys
temi sdesi
g ne
dt oo perateag as,o i
l,orcombinati
onburnerusi
ngas i
nglemo dul
ati
onmo to
r
andprovidesthebe s
tr esultswhenus edwi t
haf ullymodulat
ingburner.

'
''Fi
gur
e1:CB-
HAWKBo
il
erManag
eme
ntCo
ntr
olSys
tem'
''

Thebur
nerandc
ont
rols
yst
emar
eint
hes
tar
tingc
ondi
ti
onwhe
nthef
oll
owi
ngc
ondi
ti
onse
xis
t:

Bo
il
erwat
eri
supt
othec
orr
ectl
eve
l,c
los
ingt
hel
ow-
wat
erc
uto
ffs
wit
ch.

Thel
ow-
wat
erl
ig
ht(
pane
l)i
sof
f.

Theope
rati
nglimi
tpres
sur
econt
rol(s
teamboi
le
r)ort
heo per
ati
ngli
mitt
emperatur
econtr
ol(
hot
wate
rboil
er)andhig
hlimi
tpr
essur
eort e
mpe
ratur
econt
rolarebel
owthei
rcut
o f
fsett
ing
.

Al
lappl
ic
abl
eli
mit
sar
eco
rre
ctf
orbur
nero
per
ati
on.

Thel
oadde
mandl
ig
htg
lows
.

Al
lent
ranc
eswi
tche
sar
ecl
ose
dandpo
weri
spr
ese
ntatt
hel
i
net
ermi
nal
sof
:

Bl
owe
rmo
tors
tar
ter

Ai
rco
mpr
ess
ormo
tors
tar
ter(
ifpr
ovi
ded)

Oi
lhe
ate
rre
lay(
ifpr
ovi
ded)

Oi
lpumpmo
tors
tar
ter(
ifpr
ovi
ded)

Me
nu

1Saf
eOpe
rat
ionandTr
oubl
esho
oti
ngo
fCB-
HAWKBo
il
erManag
eme
ntCo
ntr
olSys
tem

1
.1Ci
rcui
tandInt
erl
ockCo
ntr
ols

1
.2Se
que
nceo
fOpe
rat
ion Oi
lorGas

1
.2.
1Pr
e-Pur
geCyc
le

1
.2.
2Ig
nit
ionCyc
le

1
.2.
3RunCyc
le

1
.3Bur
nerShut
down-
Pos
tPur
ge
1
.4Fl
ameLo
ssSe
que
nce

2Tr
oubl
esho
oti
ng

2.
1Bas
icFl
ameSaf
eguar
dBur
nerCo
ntr
olSys
tem

2.
1.
1Type
sofFl
ameDe
tec
tor
s

2.
1.
1.
1Inf
rar
edFl
ameDe
tec
tor
s

2.
1.
1.
1.
1Inf
rar
edSi
ngl
eFr
eque
ncyFl
ameDe
tec
tor
s

2.
1.
1.
1.
2Inf
rar
edMul
tiSpe
ctr
umFl
ameDe
tec
tor
s

2.
1.
1.
2Ul
travi
ol
etFl
ameDe
tec
tor
s

2.
1.
1.
3Ul
travi
ol
et/Inf
rar
edFl
ameDe
tec
tor
s

3Bo
il
erIns
pec
tio
ns

3.
1Co
mbus
tio
nAnal
ysi
s

3.
1.
1CAUTIONS!

3.
1.
2Caus
eso
fBo
il
erFai
lur
es

3.
1.
3Lo
wWat
er

3.
1.
4Lo
wWat
erCut
off-Te
stsandMai
nte
nanc
e

Tal
kPag
e

Ci
rcui
tandInt
erl
ockCo
ntr
ols

Theele
ctri
calport
ionofthebo
il
erismadeupo findivi
dualc
irc
uitswi
thcont
r o
lst
hatar
ewi r
edi
n
amanne rdes
igne
dt oprovi
deasafeworkabl
esystem.Theprogramre
layprovi
desco
nnect
ion
poi
ntsfortheint
erconne
cti
onofthevar
iouscir
cuit
s.

Thec ontr
olsusedvar
ydependi
nguponthefuelo
ilorgasandthespe
cifi
crequi
reme
ntof
appli
cableregul
ato
rybodi
es.Ref
ertothebo
ile
rwi r
ingdi
agramtodeter
minetheact
ualc
ont
rol
s
provi
de d.

Thecir
cui
tsandcontr
olsno
rmal
lyus
edi
nthec
irc
uit
sfo
ll
owandar
ere
fer
redt
oint
hef
oll
owi
ng
seque
nceofoper
atio
n.

Li
mitCi
rcui
t:
Bur
ners
wit
ch(
BS)

Ope
rat
ingl
imi
tco
ntr
ol(
OLC)-pr
ess
ureo
rte
mpe
rat
ure

Hi
ghl
imi
tco
ntr
ol(
HLC)-pr
ess
ureo
rte
mpe
rat
ure

Lo
w-wat
erc
uto
ff(
LWCO)

Gas
-oi
lse
lec
tors
wit
ch(
GOS)-(
Combi
nat
ionbur
nero
nly)

Oi
ldr
awe
rswi
tch(
ODS)-Oi
lbur
ner

Lo
woi
lte
mpe
rat
ures
wit
ch(
LOTS)-(
Nos
.5and6o
ilo
nly)

Lo
wgaspr
ess
ure
sswi
tch(
LGPS)

Hi
ghg
aspr
ess
ures
wit
ch(
HGPS)

LEPr
oxi
mit
yswi
tchi
nte
rlo
ck

Fue
lVal
veInt
erl
ockCi
rcui
t:

Mai
ngasval
veaux
il
iar
yswi
tch(
MGVAS)

Oi
lval
veaux
il
iar
yswi
tch(
OVAS)Bl
owe
rMo
torSt
art
erCi
rcui
t

Bl
owe
rmo
tors
tar
ter(
BMS)

Ai
rco
mpr
ess
ormo
tors
tar
ter(
ACMS)(
ifpr
ovi
ded)

Ai
rpur
geval
ve(
APV)(
Nos
.5o
r6o
ilo
nly)

Runni
ngInt
erl
ockCi
rcui
t:

Bl
owe
rmo
tors
tar
teri
nte
rlo
ck(
BMSI)

Co
mbus
tio
nai
rpr
ovi
ngs
wit
ch(
CAPS)

At
omi
zingai
rpr
ovi
ngs
wit
ch(
AAPS)(
ifpr
ovi
ded)

Lo
wFi
rePr
ovi
ngCi
rcui
t:

Lo
wfi
res
wit
ch(
LFS)

Pi
lo
tIg
nit
ionCi
rcui
t:

Gaspi
lo
tval
ve(
GPV)

Ig
nit
iont
rans
for
mer(
IT)
Gaspi
lo
tve
ntval
ve(
GPVV)(
ifpr
ovi
ded)

Fl
ameDe
tec
torCi
rcui
t:

Fl
amede
tec
tor(
FD)

Mai
nFue
lVal
veCi
rcui
t:

Mai
ngasval
ve(
MGV

Mai
ngasve
ntval
ve(
MGVV)(
ifpr
ovi
ded)

Oi
lval
ve(
OV)

Mai
nfue
lval
vel
ig
ht(
FVL)

Fi
ri
ngRat
eCi
rcui
t:

Dampe
rmo
tort
rans
for
mer(
DMT)

Mo
dul
ati
ngdampe
rmo
tor(
MDM)

Manual
-aut
omat
ics
wit
ch(
MAS)

Manualf
lamec
ont
rol(
MFC)

Mo
dul
ati
ngc
ont
rol(
MC)

Hi
ghFi
rePr
ovi
ngCi
rcui
t:

Hi
ghf
ires
wit
ch(
HFS)

Runni
ngInt
erl
ockandLi
mitCi
rcui
t:

Lo
woi
lpr
ess
ures
wit
ch(
LOPS)

Hi
gho
ilpr
ess
ures
wit
ch(
HOPS)

Hi
gho
ilt
empe
rat
ures
wit
ch(
HOTS)

Aux
il
iar
ylo
w-wat
erc
uto
ff(
ALWCO)

Tal
kPag
e

Se
que
nceo
fOpe
rat
ion Oi
lorGas

Onacombi
nati
onfue
luni
t,t
hegas
/oils
witc
hmus tbes
etfo
rthepr
operf
uel
.Thefol
lo
wing
se
que
nce('
''Fi
gur
e2'''
)occ
urswi
thpowerpre
sentatt
heprog
ramre
lay(
PR)inputt
erminal
s
andwi
thal
lot
hero
per
ati
ngc
ondi
ti
onss
ati
sfi
ed.

Tal
kPag
e

Pr
e-Pur
geCyc
le

Whent heburners wi
tch(BS)istur
ne d"on,"andcontr
olswire
di nt he"li
mit"and"f uelval
ve
i
nterl
ock"c i
rcui
tsareclose
dandnof l
ames i
gnali
spres
ent,the"bl o
we rmotorstar
tc i
r c
uit
"is
powered,energi
zingtheblowe
rmo t
o rstar
ter(BMS).Theloadde mandl i
ght(LDL)tur nson.
Whenf ir
ingoil
,theaircompress
ormo torst
arter(
ACMS)( ifprovided)isals
opo were
d.Theai r
purg
eval ve(APV)( Nos.5and6o ilonl
y)r e
mainsde-
energi
zed.

Atthesamet i
me,theprog
ramrel
ays i
gnal
sthemodulat
ingdampermotor(MDM)t oopentheair
damper.Thedamperbeg
instoope
nanddr i
vestoit
sf ul
lopenorhi
ghfir
epo s
iti
on.Openi
ngthe
dampermo t
orall
owsaflowofpurgi
ngairthr
oughtheboil
erpr
iortot
hei g
nit
ioncycl
e.

Onc e
rtainboil
ers
,theci
rcui
trywil
lincludeahighfi
res
witc
h( HFS).Thepurposeofthes
witch
i
stopr ovethatthemodul
ati
ngdampe rmo to
r( MDM)hasdrive
nthedampe rtotheopenpos
iti
on
dur
ingthepr epur
gecycl
e.Inthi
sinstance,the"hi
ghfi
reprovi
ngci
rcui
t"isused.

Theco ntr
olswire
di ntothe"runni
nginte
rloc
kc i
rcui
t"mustbecl
ose
dwi t
hin1
0sec
ondsaf
tert
he
star
ts equence
.Int heeventanyo fthecontr
olsareno
tclos
edatthist
ime,o
rift
hey
subsequentl
yo pen,theprog
ramr el
aywillgointoasaf
etyshut
down.

Atthecompl
eti
ono
ft hehighfir
epurgeper
iod,t
hepro
gramrelays
ignal
sthemo
dul
ati
ngdampe
r
mot
o r(
MDM)t odri
vet heairdampe
rt oi
tslowfi
repos
iti
on.

Toe nsurethatthesys
temisinlowfi
repo s
iti
onpriortoigniti
on,thelowf i
res wi
tch(LFS)mus t
bec l
o sedtocompl
etethe"l
owf ir
eprovi
ngc i
rcui
t."Thes equencewillst
opandho lduntilthe
mo dulati
ngdampermotor(MDM)hasr eturne
dt ot hel
owf i
repositi
onandt hecontac
tso fthe
l
owf ireswi
tch(LFS)arecl
osed.Onc
et helowf i
res wi
tchisclos
e d,thesequenceisal
lowedt o
continue.

NOTE:

Theig
nit
iont
rialcannotbes
tar
tedi
ffl
ameoraflamesi
mul
ati
ngcondi
ti
onissens
eddur
ingt
he
pre
-purg
eperi
o d.As af
etys
hut
downwi
llo
ccuri
ff l
amei
sse
nsedatthi
stime.

'
''Fi
gur
e3:833-
241
6Se
que
nce
'''

Tal
kPag
e

Ig
nit
ionCyc
le
Theigni
ti
ontransf
orme
r(IT)andg
aspi
lo
tval
ve(
GPV)ar
eene
rgi
zedf
romt
heappr
opr
iat
epi
lo
t
i
gnit
ionter
minal.

NOTE:

Anoi
l-
fir
edburne
rmaybee qui
ppe
dwi
thano
ilpi
lo
ttat
hert
hanag
aspi
lo
t.Thei
gni
ti
on
se
que
nceo fbo
thisi
dent
ical
.

Thepil
otf
lamemustbeestabl
ishe
dandpr o
ve nbythefl
amedet
ect
or(FD)wit
hina1 0sec
ond
per
iodino
rderforthei
gni
tioncycl
etoconti
nue.Ifforanyr
eas
onthi
sdoesnothappen,t
he
sys
temwil
lshutdownands afe
tylock
outwilloc
cur.

Wi thapr ovenpi
lo
t,t hemainfuelvalve(s)(OVo rMGV)i s
/aree nergi
zedandt hemainfuel
valveli
g ht(FVL)int hepaneli
sli
ghted.Themai nfl
ameisignit
edandt het r
ialper
iodforprovi
ng
themainf l
amebegins.Itlas
ts10sec ondsforlig
htoi
landnaturalgas,and15s eco
ndsforheavy
oil
.Att hee ndofthepr o
vingperi
od,ift heflamedet
ecto
rs t
il
ldetectsmainf l
ame,theig
nit
ion
transf
orme randpilotvalvearede-energize
dandpilotfl
ameise xti
ngui
shed.

NOTE:

Ift
hemainfl
amedoesno
tlig
ht,ors
tayli
t,thefuelval
vewil
lcl
ose
.Thesafet
ys wi
tchwil
ltr
ip
tol
ocko
uttheco
ntr
ol.Ref
ertofl
amelos
ssequence(sec
tio
nD)fordesc
ript
ionofacti
on.

WARNING!

Thecauseforlo
sso
ffl
ameoranyothe
runusualcondi
ti
onshoul
dbeinve
stigat
edandcor
rect
ed
befo
reatte
mpt i
ngt
ore
-st
art
.Fail
uretof
oll
owt he
s ei
nstr
uct
ionsc
ouldres
ultins
eri
ousper
sonal
i
njuryordeath!

Tal
kPag
e

RunCyc
le

Withmai nfl
amee stabli
she
d,theprogr
amr e
layrel
easest
hemo dulati
ngdampe
rmo t
or(MDM)
f
r omitslowfir
epo sit
iontocontr
olbyeit
herthemanualfl
amec o
nt r
ol(MFC)ort
hemo dul
ati
ng
c
o ntro
l(MC) ,dependingupontheposi
ti
onofthemanual-
automaticswit
ch(MAS).Thi
sall
ows
operati
oninrangesabo vel
owf i
re.

Withthemanual
-aut
omati
cswit
ch(MAS)setatautomat
ic,subs
equentmo dul
atedfi
ringwil
lbe
atthecommandofthemodul
ati
ngcont
rol(
MC) ,whi
chgover
nsthepo s
iti
ono fthemodulat
ing
dampermotor(MDM).Theai
rdamperandfue
lvalve
sareactuatedbythemo t
orthr
ougha
l
ink
ageandc
amas
sembl
ytopr
ovi
demo
dul
ate
dfi
ri
ngr
ate
s.

Normalo per
ationoft heburnershouldbewi ththes witc
hi ntheManual -Automat i
cpo si
ti
onand
undert hedir
ecti
ono fthemo dulat
ingc ontr
ol.TheManualpo si
tio
ni sprovidedforiniti
al
adjustmentofthebur neroverthee nti
ref i
ri
ngr ange.Whe nas hutdowno ccurswhileoperati
ngin
theManualpo si
tionato therthanlowf i
re,thedampe rwil
lno tbeinac losedpo s
itio
n,thus
all
owingmo reairthande si
redtoflowt hroughthebo il
er.Excessairfl
ows ubject
st hepressur
e
vesse
lme talandr ef
ractorytounde si
rableconditi
ons.Thee f
fectivenes
so fnozzlepur gi
ngislos
t
onaNo .6o i
lburner.

Thebur
nerst
art
ingcycl
eisnowcompl
ete
.The(LDL)and(
FVL)l
ig
htso
nthepane
lre
mai
nli
t.
Demandfi
ri
ngcont
inue
sasr e
qui
redbyloadc
ondit
ions
.

Tal
kPag
e

Bur
nerShut
down-
Pos
tPur
ge

Theburnerwillfir
eunt i
lsteampres
s ur
eo rwatert
emperat
ureinexce
ssofdemandisgenerat
ed.
Withmo dulat
edf i
ring,themodul
atingdampe rmot
or(MDM)s houl
dr e
turnt
othelowf i
re
posi
ti
onbe for
et heo per
ati
nglimi
tco nt
rol(OLC)opens
.Whe nt
helimi
tc o
ntr
olci
rcui
tisopened,
thefol
lowingsequenc eocc
urs:

Themainf
uelvalveci
rcui
tisde-energi
zed,causi
ngthemainfue
lvalve(MGV)o r(OV)tocl
ose
.
Thefl
ameisext
ingui
shed.Thecontr
o lpanell
ig
hts(LDL)and(FVL)areturnedoff
.Thebl
ower
moto
rcont
inue
st oruntoforceairthroughtheboi
lerfo
rthepost
-purgepe
r i
od.

OnaNo .6oilburner,t
heai rpur
geval
ve( APV)ispowere
df ro
mt heblo
we rmo t
orstar
tcir
cui
t
vi
athecont
ac t
so ftheairpurgerel
ay(APR)t oprovi
deanairpurgeoftheoilnozzl
e.The
dampe
rmo t
orr et
urnstot helowfir
eposi
ti
o ni
fitisnotal
readyinthatposi
ti
o n.

WARNING!

Thelock
outs wi
tchmustbemanuall
yresetfol
lo
wingas af
etyshut
down.Thecauseforl
osso
f
fl
ameo ranyunusualcondi
ti
onshoul
dbeinvesti
gate
dandc or
rect
edbefor
eat t
empti
ngtore-
star
t.Fail
uretofol
lowthesei
nstr
ucti
onscoul
dr e
sulti
nseri
ouspers
onali
njur
yo rde
ath!

Theblo
wermoto
rstar
tcir
cui
tisde
-ene
rgi
zedatt
hee
ndo
fthepo
stpur
gec
ycl
eandt
he
shut
downcyc
leisc
omple
te.

Theprog
ramr e
layi
snowr e
adyforsubse
quentr
ecycl
ing,andwhenst
eampres
sureo
rwate
r
tempe
ratur
edropstocl
osetheco
ntactsoft
heoperat
ingcontr
ol,t
hebur
nerag
aingo
est
hroug
h
i
tsnormalst
arti
ngandoper
ati
ngcycl
e.
Tal
kPag
e

Fl
ameLo
ssSe
que
nce

Theprogr
amr el
aywi l
lre
cycleauto
mati
call
yeac hti
metheope
rati
ngco
ntrolc
loses
,oraftera
powerfai
lure.Itwilll
ockoutfo
ll
owingasafet
ys hut
downcaus
edbyfail
uretoigni
tethepil
ot,or
themainflame,o rbylos
so ffl
ame.Loc
koutwillal
soocc
uriffl
ameorfl
ames i
mulati
ngcondi
tio
n
occur
sduringthepr e-
purgeperi
od.

Thec o
ntrolwillpreventstart
upo ri
gnit
ioni
fli
mitci
rcui
tcont
rol
so rf
uelval
veinte
rlo
cksare
open.Thec o
nt ro
lwi l
lloc
ko utuponanyabnormalc
ondit
ionaf
fect
ingairs
upervi
sor
yc ont
rol
s
wir
e dinther unningint
erloc
kc i
rcui
t.

WARNING!

Thelock
outs wi
tchmustbemanuall
yresetfol
lo
wingas af
etyshut
down.Thecauseforl
osso
f
fl
ameo ranyunusualcondi
ti
onshoul
dbeinvesti
gate
dandc or
rect
edbefor
eat t
empti
ngtore-
star
t.Fail
uretofol
lowthesei
nstr
ucti
onscoul
dr e
sulti
nseri
ouspers
onali
njur
yo rde
ath!

''
'NOPILOTFLAME' ''Thepil
otf l
amemus tbei gnite
dandpr ovenwi t
hina10-secondpe r
iod
aftert heTrouble
s hoot
ingandi gni
tioncyclebegins.Ifno tprovenwi thi
nthisperi
od,t hemainf uel
valvec ir
cuitwil
lno tbepo weredandt hef uelvalve(s)willnotbee nergi
zed.Theigniti
oncircui
tis
i
mme diatel
yde -energi
zedandt hepi l
otvalvec l
os e
s ,therese
ts witchli
ghtsandlock o
uto c
cur s
i
mme diatel
y.Theblowermo torwillcont
inuetoo pe rate
.Thef l
amef ailureli
ghtandt healar
mbe ll
(opti
o nal)areene rg
ized10s ec
ondsl at
e r
.Theblowe rmo torwillbede- e
nergi
zed.'
''Thelockout
switchmus tbemanual lyre s
etbe fo
reo perat
ionc anber esume d.
'''

'''PILOTBUTNOMAINFLAME' ''Whenthepil
otf l
amei sproven,t hemainf uelvalvec ir
cuitis
ene r
gize
d.De pendi
ngupo nthelengthofthetr
ial
-for-i
g nit
ionperi
o d,t hepi
lotflamewi l
lbe
extingui
shed10o r15s e
condslater
.Theflamedetecti
ngc i
rcui
twillrespondt ode -e
nergizet he
mai nfuelval
vec i
rcui
twi t
hin2t o4s e
condstostopthef l
owo ffue l
.Ther esetswitchli
g htsand
l
o ckoutoccursi
mme diatel
y.Theblowermotorwil
lcontinuet ooperate.Theflamef ai
lurelightand
alarmbe l
l(opti
onal)areenergi
zed1 0sec
ondslate
r.Thebl owermo torwi l
lbede -
e nergi
zed.' ''
The
l
o ckoutswitc
hmus tbemanual l
yr es
etbeforeope
rationc anber e
sume d.'
''

'
''LOSSOFFLAME' '
'Ifaf l
ameo ut ageo ccursduringnormalo perati
onand/o rthefl
amei sno
l
ong e
rs ens
edbyt hede t
ector
,t heflamer el
aywi llt
ripwithi
n2t o4s ec
ondstode -
energ
izethe
f
ue lvalveci
rcui
tands hutoffthef ue lfl
ow.Ther esets
witchlightsandl oc
koutoccurs
i
mme diatel
y.Theblowermo to
rc onti
nue so perati
on.Theflamef ail
ur eli
ghtandalarmbell
(
opt i
onal)areenerg
ized10s eco
ndsl at er
.Theblowe rmotorwillbede -
energi
zed.''
'Thelock
out
s
wit c
hmus tbemanual l
yr e
setbe fo
reo perati
onc anber es
ume d.''
'
Iftheburnerwil
lnotstar
t,oruponas afet
ylock
out
,thetr
oubl
eshoot
ingsec
tio
ninthe
oper
atingmanualandthetechni
calbul
let
insho
uldbere
fer
redtoforas
sis
tanceinpi
npo
int
ing
pro
blemsthatmayno tbereadil
yapparent.

Theprogramre l
ayhast hecapabili
tytosel
f-di
agnoseandtodis
playac odeormessaget
hat
i
ndic
at e
st hefai
lurecondi
tion.Re f
ertothecontr
olbul
let
inforspec
ific
sandsugges
t e
dremedi
es.
Famil
iari
tywitht hepr
o gr
amr elayando t
hercontro
lsi
nt hes
ystemc anbeobtai
nedbystudyi
ng
thecontentso
ft hemanualandt hi
sbull
eti
n.

Knowledgeofthesyst
e manditscontr
olswil
lmaketro ubl
eshootingmuc he asier
.Co s
tlydownt ime
orde l
ayscanbeprevente
dbys yst
e mati
cchecksoftheac tualope r
at i
onag ains
ttheno rmal
sequencetodeter
minethestag
eatwhi chperfo
rmancede viatesf r
omno r
mal .Foll
owingar o
utine
maypo ssi
blye
limi
nateoverl
ooki
ngano bvi
ouscondi
ti
o n,ofteno net hatisrelati
velysimpleto
corre
ct.

Remember
,asaf
etyde
vice
,forthemo s
tpart
,isdoi
ngit
sj o
bwhe ni
tshut
sdo
wno
rre
fus
est
o
ope
rate
.Neve
ratte
mpttocir
cumventanyofthesaf
etyfeatur
es.

Prevent
ivemaint
enanceandschedul
edins
pec
t i
onofal
lcompone
ntss
houldbefol
lowe
d.Per
iodi
c
che
c k
ingoftherelayisr
ecommendedtoseethatasaf
etyloc
koutwi
llo
ccurunderco
ndi
ti
onsof
fai
lur
et oig
nit
ee i
therpi
lotormainfl
ame,

Saf
etys
hut
down(
loc
kout
)oc
cur
sif
:

PERIOD

LOCKOUTOCCURSIF:

1
.St
andbyPe
rio
d

Inc
orr
ectf
uels
ele
cti
oni
nput

Pr
e-i
gni
ti
oni
nte
rlo
cko
pen

Fl
ames
ignali
spr
ese
ntc
ont
inuo
usf
ormo
ret
han40s
eco
nds

Pi
lo
t/i
gni
ti
ont
ermi
nale
ner
gize
d

Mai
noi
lval
vet
ermi
nale
ner
gize
d

Mai
ngasval
vet
ermi
nale
ner
gize
d

Int
ernals
yst
emf
aul
t

Dampe
rmo
torf
aul
t

2.Pr
e-Pur
gePe
rio
d
Inc
orr
ectf
uels
ele
cti
oni
nput

Pr
e-i
gni
ti
oni
nte
rlo
cko
pen

Lo
cko
uti
nte
rlo
cko
pen(
aft
er1
0se
condsi
ntot
hepr
e-pur
gepe
rio
d)

Fl
amepr
ese
nt,af
ter1
0se
condsi
ntot
hepr
e-pur
gepe
rio
d.

Oi
lpr
ess
uref
aul
t:

-833-241
7Progr
amMo
dul
e;l
ocko
uti
fpr
ess
urei
sno
twi
thi
nli
mitval
ues
,af
ter1
0se
condsi
nto
thepr
epur
gepe
rio
d.

-833-
241
8Pr
ogr
amMo
dul
e;l
ocko
uti
foi
lpr
ess
urei
sno
twi
thi
nli
mitval
ues
.

Oi
lte
mpe
rat
uref
aul
t:

-833-2417Progr
amMo dul
e;l
ocko
uti
fhi
gho
ilt
empe
rat
urel
imi
tex
cee
ded,af
ter1
0se
conds
i
ntotheig
nit
ionperi
od.

-833-241
8Prog
ramMo dul
e;lockouti
foi
lte
mpe
rat
urei
sno
twi
thi
nli
mitval
ues
,af
ter1
0
se
condsi
ntot
hepre
-pur
g eper
iod.

Dampe
rmo
torf
aul
t

Pi
lo
tval
ve/i
gni
ti
ont
ermi
nale
ner
gize
d

Mai
noi
lval
vet
ermi
nale
ner
gize
d

Mai
ngasval
vet
ermi
nale
ner
gize
d

Int
ernals
yst
emf
aul
t

Faul
tyg
aspr
ess
ures
ens
or

3.Pi
lo
tFl
ameEs
tabl
is
hingPe
rio
d

Inc
orr
ectf
uels
ele
cti
oni
nput

Pr
e-i
gni
ti
oni
nte
rlo
cko
peno
rsho
rte
d

Lo
cko
uti
nte
rlo
cko
pen

Nof
lamee
stabl
is
hed

Gaspr
ess
urel
imi
tors
ens
orf
aul
t

Oi
lpr
ess
urel
imi
tfaul
t,he
avyo
ilo
nly

Oi
lte
mpe
rat
urel
imi
tfaul
t
Dampe
rmo
torf
aul
t

Pi
lo
tval
veo
rig
nit
iont
ermi
nalno
tene
rgi
zed

Mai
noi
lval
vee
ner
gize
d

Mai
ngasval
vee
ner
gize
d

Int
ernals
yst
emf
aul
t

4.Mai
nFl
ameEs
tabl
is
hingPe
rio
d

Inc
orr
ectf
uels
ele
cti
oni
nput

Lo
cko
uti
nte
rlo
cko
pen

Nof
lamepr
ese
nt

Gaspr
ess
urel
imi
tfaul
t

Oi
lpr
ess
urel
imi
tfaul
t,he
avyo
ilo
nly

Oi
lte
mpe
rat
urel
imi
tfaul
t

At
omi
zingai
rpr
ess
ures
wit
cho
pen,o
ils
ele
cte
dfue
l

Dampe
rmo
torf
aul
t

Pi
lo
t/i
gni
ti
ont
rans
for
mert
ermi
nalde
-ene
rgi
zed

Mai
noi
lval
vede
-ene
rgi
zed,o
ils
ele
cte
dfue
l

Mai
ngasval
vede
-ene
rgi
zed,g
ass
ele
cte
dfue
l

Int
ernals
yst
emf
aul
t

5.RunPe
rio
d

Inc
orr
ectf
uels
ele
cti
nput
.

Nof
lamepr
ese
nt.

Lo
cko
uti
nte
rlo
ckso
pen.

Gaspr
ess
urel
imi
tfaul
t.

Oi
lpr
ess
urel
imi
tfaul
t,he
avyo
ilo
nly.

Oi
lte
mpe
rat
urel
imi
tfaul
t.
At
omi
zingai
rde
-ene
rgi
zed,o
ils
ele
cte
dfue
l.

Dampe
rmo
torf
aul
t.

Pi
lo
t/i
gni
ti
ont
ermi
nale
ner
gize
d.

Mai
nval
vet
ermi
nalde
-ene
rgi
zed,s
ele
cte
dfue
l.

Mai
nval
vet
ermi
nale
ner
gize
d,mai
nval
veo
ffue
lse
rie
sno
tse
lec
ted.

Int
ernals
yst
emf
aul
t.

6.Po
st-
pur
gePe
rio
d

Pr
e-i
gni
ti
oni
nte
rlo
cko
penaf
terf
ives
eco
nds
.

At
omi
zingai
rte
rmi
nalde
-ene
rgi
zed;o
ils
ele
cte
dfue
l

Pi
lo
t/i
gni
ti
ont
ermi
nale
ner
gize
d

Mai
noi
lval
vet
ermi
nale
ner
gize
d

Mai
ngasval
vet
ermi
nale
ner
gize
d

Int
ernals
yst
emf
aul
t

Dampe
rmo
torf
aul
t

Tal
kPag
e

Tr
oubl
esho
oti
ng

Iftheburnerwi
llno
ts t
artorope
rat
epr o
per
ly,ref
ertothetr
oubl
esho
o t
ingchar
tbelo
w
('
''Tabl
e1''
')fo
ras s
ist
anceinpi
npo
int
ingpr
o bl
emsthatmaynotbereadil
yappare
nt.

Thepr ogr
amr e l
ayhast hec apabil
it
yt oself-
diag
noseandtodisplayac odeo rmess
ag ethat
i
ndicatesthef ai
lurec onditi
o n.Knowledgeofthesystemanditscontr
olswi l
lmaketroubl
e
shooti
ngmuc he asie
r .Co s
t l
ydo wn-timeo rdel
ayscanbepreventedbys ystemati
ccheckso f
actualoperati
onag ainstt heno rmalsequencetodeter
minethestageatwhi chperf
ormanc e
deviate
sf romno rmal.Fo l
lowi ngaroutinemaypo ss
ibl
yeli
minateover
lookinganobviouscondit
ion,
oftenonet hatisrelativel
ys impletoc orr
ect.

Ifanobvio
uscondi
tio
nisnotappar
ent
,che
c kt
heconti
nui
tyoftheci
rcui
tswi
thavo
ltme
tero
r
te
stlamp.Eac
hc i
rcui
tcanbecheck
edandthefaul
tis
olat
edandcor
recte
d.

Tabl
e1:Bur
nerTr
oubl
esho
oti
ngPr
obl
emsandSo
lut
ions
PROBLEM

SOLUTION

BURNERDOESNOTSTART

1
.Novo
ltag
eatpr
ogr
amr
elaypo
weri
nputt
ermi
nal
s

A.Mai
ndi
sco
nne
cts
wit
cho
pen

B.Bl
ownc
ont
rolc
irc
uitf
use

C.Lo
oseo
rbr
oke
nel
ect
ric
alc
onne
cti
on

2.Pr
ogr
amr
elays
afe
tys
wit
chr
equi
resr
ese
tti
ng.

3.Li
mitc
irc
uitno
tco
mpl
ete
d-novo
ltag
eate
ndo
fli
mitc
irc
uitpr
ogr
amr
elayt
ermi
nal
.

A.Pr
ess
ureo
rte
mpe
rat
urei
sabo
ves
ett
ingo
fope
rat
ionc
ont
rol
.(Lo
adde
mandl
ig
htwi
llno
t
gl
ow.
)

B.Wat
erbe
lowr
equi
redl
eve
l

1
)Lo
w-wat
erl
ig
ht(
andal
armho
rn)s
houl
dindi
cat
ethi
sco
ndi
ti
on.

2)Che
ckmanualr
ese
tbut
ton,i
fpr
ovi
ded,o
nlo
w-wat
erc
ont
rol
.

C.Fue
lpr
ess
uremus
tbewi
thi
nse
tti
ngso
flo
w-pr
ess
ureandhi
gh-
pre
ssur
eswi
tche
s.

D.Oi
lfi
reduni
t-bur
nerg
unmus
tbei
nful
lfo
rwar
dpo
sit
iont
ocl
oseo
ildr
awe
rswi
tch.

E.He
avyo
ilf
ire
duni
t-o
ilt
empe
rat
urebe
lowmi
nimums
ett
ing
s.

4.Fue
lval
vei
nte
rlo
ckc
irc
uitno
tco
mpl
ete
d.

A.Fue
lval
veaux
il
iar
yswi
tchno
tenc
los
ed.

NOIGNITION

1
.Lac
kofs
par
k

A.El
ect
rodeg
rounde
dorpo
rce
lai
ncr
ack
ed

B.Impr
ope
rel
ect
rodes
ett
ing

C.Lo
oset
ermi
nalo
nig
nit
ionc
abl
e;c
abl
esho
rte
d

D.Ino
per
ati
vei
gni
ti
ont
rans
for
mer

E.Ins
uff
ici
ento
rnovo
ltag
eatpi
lo
tig
nit
ionc
irc
uitt
ermi
nal
2.Spar
kbutnof
lame

A.Lac
koff
uel
:nog
aspr
ess
ure
,cl
ose
dval
ve,e
mpt
ytank
,br
oke
nli
ne,e
tc

B.Ino
per
ati
vepi
lo
tso
leno
id

C.Ins
uff
ici
ento
rnovo
ltag
eatpi
lo
tig
nit
ionc
irc
uitt
ermi
nal

D.To
omuc
hai
r

3.Lo
wfi
res
wit
cho
peni
nlo
wfi
repr
ovi
ngc
irc
uit

A.Dampe
rmo
torno
tcl
ose
d,s
li
ppe
dcam,de
fec
tives
wit
ch

B.Dampe
rjamme
dorl
ink
agebi
ndi
ng

4.Runni
ngi
nte
rlo
ckc
irc
uitno
tco
mpl
ete
d

A.Co
mbus
tio
norat
omi
zingai
rpr
ovi
ngs
wit
che
sde
fec
tiveo
rno
tpr
ope
rlys
et

B.Mo
tors
tar
teri
nte
rlo
ckc
ont
actno
tcl
ose
d

5.Fl
amede
tec
torde
fec
tive
,si
ghtt
ubeo
bst
ruc
ted,o
rle
nsdi
rty

PILOTFLAME,BUTNOMAINFLAME

1
.Ins
uff
ici
entpi
lo
tfl
ame

2.GasFi
redUni
t:

A.Manualg
asc
ockc
los
ed

B.Mai
ngasval
vei
nope
rat
ive

C.Gaspr
ess
urer
egul
ato
rino
per
ati
ve

3.Oi
lFi
redUni
t:

A.Oi
lsuppl
ycuto
ffbyo
bst
ruc
tio
n,c
los
edval
ve,o
rlo
sso
fsuc
tio
n

B.Suppl
ypumpi
nope
rat
ive

C.Nof
uel

D.Mai
noi
lval
vei
nope
rat
ive

E.Che
cko
ilno
zzl
e,g
un,andl
ine
s

4.Fl
amede
tec
torde
fec
tive
,si
ghtt
ubeo
bst
ruc
tedo
rle
nsdi
rty
5.Ins
uff
ici
ento
rnovo
ltag
eatmai
nfue
lval
vec
irc
uitt
ermi
nal

BURNERSTAYSINLOW FIRE

1
.Pr
ess
ureo
rte
mpe
rat
ureabo
vemo
dul
ati
ngc
ont
rols
ett
ing

2.Manual
-aut
omat
ics
wit
chi
nwr
ongpo
sit
ion

3.Ino
per
ati
vemo
dul
ati
ngmo
tor

4.De
fec
tivemo
dul
ati
ngc
ont
rol

5.Bi
ndi
ngo
rlo
osel
ink
age
,cams
,se
tsc
rews
,et
c

SHUTDOWNOCCURSDURINGFIRING

1
.Lo
sso
rst
oppag
eoff
uels
uppl
y

2.De
fec
tivef
uelval
ve;l
oos
eel
ect
ric
alc
onne
cti
on

3.Fl
amede
tec
torwe
ako
rde
fec
tive

4.Le
nsdi
rtyo
rsi
ghtt
ubeo
bst
ruc
ted

5.Ifthepr
ogr
amme
rlo
cko
uts
wit
chhasno
ttr
ippe
d,c
hec
kthel
imi
tci
rcui
tfo
rano
pene
dsaf
ety
cont
rol
.

6.Ift
hepr
ogr
amme
rlo
cko
uts
wit
chhast
rippe
d:

A.Che
ckf
uell
ine
sandval
ves
.

B.Che
ckf
lamede
tec
tor
.

C.Che
ckf
oro
penc
irc
uiti
nrunni
ngi
nte
rlo
ckc
irc
uit
.

D.Thefl
amefai
lureli
ghti
senergi
zedbyigni
ti
onfai
lur
e,mai
nfl
amef
ail
ure
,inade
quat
efl
ame
si
gnal
,orope
nco nt
roli
ntherunni
ngint
erl
ockci
rcui
t.

7.Impr
ope
rai
r/f
uelr
ati
o(l
eanf
ire
)

A.Sl
ippi
ngl
ink
age

B.Dampe
rst
ucko
pen

C.Fl
uct
uat
ingf
uels
uppl
y:

1
)Te
mpo
rar
yobs
truc
tio
ninf
uell
ine

2)Te
mpo
rar
ydr
opi
ngaspr
ess
ure
3)Or
ifi
ceg
ateval
veac
cide
ntal
lyo
pene
d(he
avyo
il
)

8.Int
erl
ockde
vic
eino
per
ati
veo
rde
fec
tive

MODULATINGMOTORDOESNOTOPERATE

1
.Manual
-aut
omat
ics
wit
chi
nwr
ongpo
sit
ion

2.Li
nkag
elo
oseo
rjamme
d

3.Mo
tordo
esno
tdr
ivet
oope
norc
los
edur
ingpr
e-pur
geo
rcl
oseo
nbur
ners
hut
down.

A.Mo
torde
fec
tive

B.Lo
osee
lec
tri
calc
onne
cti
on

C.Dampe
rmo
tort
rans
for
merde
fec
tive

4.Mo
tordo
esno
tope
rat
eonde
mand.

A.Manual
/aut
omat
ics
wit
chi
nwr
ongpo
sit
ion

B.Mo
dul
ati
ngc
ont
roli
mpr
ope
rlys
eto
rino
per
ati
ve

C.Mo
torde
fec
tive

D.Lo
osee
lec
tri
calc
onne
cti
on

E.Dampe
rmo
tort
rans
for
merde
fec
tive

Tal
kPag
e

Bas
icFl
ameSaf
eguar
dBur
nerCo
ntr
olSys
tem

Aut
omat
ico
per
ati
on,s
elf
-che
cki
ngc
irc
uit
s.

Sel
f-c
heck
ingul
travio
letf
lamede
tec
tor
s,Inf
rar
edf
lamede
tec
tor
swi
ths
elf
-che
cki
ngampl
if
ier
s
pe
rmitt
edonfir
et ubeboi
ler
s.

Pr
ovi
deo
nes
par
esc
anne
randc
ont
rolc
has
sisf
ore
acht
ypeus
ed.

Combust
ionContr
olSyst
em:Aut
omat
icc
ont
rolo
fst
eampr
ess
ureo
rwat
ert
empe
rat
ure
,wi
th
pr
ovis
ionformanualc
ontro
l.

Tal
kPag
e

Type
sofFl
ameDe
tec
tor
s
Mo stfi
rede t
ec t
iont ec
hno l
ogyf ocus e
so nde t
ectinghe at,smo ke( parti
cl
emat ter
)o rflame( l
ight)
t het hreemaj orc haracter
istic
so ff i
re.Allofthe sec haracter i
stic
salsohavebe nignsources
otherthanf ire,suchashe atfroms te
ampi pes,par ti
c l
emat t
e rfro mae r
osols
,andl i
ghtfromt he
sun.Othe rfactorss uchasai rtempe ratureandai rmo veme ntf urtherconfoundthepr oce
sso f
fi
rede tectio
nbymas ki
ngt hec haracteri
sti
co finter e
s t.Inaddi tion,smo k
eandhe atf romfire
s
candissipateto orapidlyo raccumul atetoos l
owlyf ore ff
ectivede t
ecti
on.Inc o
ntrast,because
fl
amede tector
sar eo ptic
alde vices,theyc anrespo ndt of l
ame si nlessthanas econd.Thisopti
c al
quali
tyal soli
mi tsthef l
amede tectorasno tallfi
re shaveaf l
ame .Aswi thanyt ypeo fdetecti
o n
me t
hod,i tsusemus tmat c
ht hee nvironmentandt her iskwi t
hint hee nvi
ronment.

Therearethre
et ype
so fflamedet
ect
orsc
urrent
lyavai
labl
e:'
'i
nfr
ared(
IR)''
,''ult
ravi
ol
et
(UV)''
,anda' 'combinat
ionofUVandIR''.Thespec
trumbel
owshowsther
elat
ionshi
pbetwe
en
the
sef r
equenci
esandvi s
iblel
ig
ht.

Tal
kPag
e

Inf
rar
edFl
ameDe
tec
tor
s

Infrar
edde te
ctorshavebeenavai
labl
eformanyye ars
;however,i
thasonl
ybe
eni
nr e
centti
mes
thattechno
logyhasallowedforst
able
,ac c
uratedet
ecti
ontooccur
.Ther
earet
wotypesof
i
nf r
areddetecto
rs:''s
ingl
efre
quency''and''mul
ti
-spect
rum''
.

Tal
kPag
e

Inf
rar
edSi
ngl
eFr
eque
ncyFl
ameDe
tec
tor
s

Thebas
icpr
inc
ipl
eso
fope
rat
ionf
oras
ing
lef
reque
ncyIRde
tec
torar
e:

Thedetect
orisse
nsi
ti
vetoanarrowbando fradi
ati
onaroundthe4.4mi cro
nr angewhi
chisa
predo
minantemi
ssi
onbandforhydro
car bo
nf uel
le
dfire
s.Addit
ional
ly,thesunsradi
ati
onatthi
s
bandisabsor
bedbytheear
thsatmosphere,maki
ngtheIRf l
amede tec
t o
rs ol
arbli
nd.

Si
nglefreque
ncyde tect
orsuseapyr o
e l
ect
ricsensor,whi
chr es
pondstochang
esinIRradi
ati
on
i
ntensi
ty.Inaddit
ion,theyincor
poratealowf r
e quencybandpas sf
il
ter
,whichl
imi
tst
heir
re
sponsetothosefrequenci
esthatarecharact
eristi
cofaf li
cker
ingfi
re.

Inres
pons
etoaf
ires
ignalf
romt
hes
ens
or,e
lec
tro
nicc
irc
uit
ryi
nthede
tec
torg
ene
rat
esan
out
putsi
gnal
.

St
reng
thso
fthes
ing
lef
reque
ncyIRde
tec
torar
e:
Hi
ghl
yimmunet
oopt
icalc
ont
ami
nant
sli
keo
il
,di
rt,anddus
t

Hi
ghs
pee
dre
spo
nseunde
r30mi
ll
is
eco
ndsf
ors
omebr
ands

Ins
ens
iti
vet
oso
lar
,we
ldi
ng,l
ig
htni
ng,X-
rays
,spar
ks,ar
cs,andc
oro
na

Li
mit
ati
onso
fthes
ing
lef
reque
ncyIRde
tec
torar
e:

Ge
ner
all
yno
tsui
tabl
efo
rno
n-c
arbo
nfi
res

So
mebr
andswi
llr
espo
ndt
omo
dul
ate
dinf
rar
eds
our
ces
.

Rai
n,i
ce,andwat
ervapo
ront
hede
tec
torl
enswi
lli
nhi
bitde
tec
tio
n.

Tal
kPag
e

Inf
rar
edMul
tiSpe
ctr
umFl
ameDe
tec
tor
s

Thebas
icpr
inc
ipl
eofo
per
ati
onf
oramul
tis
pec
trumIRde
tec
tori
s:

Thede
tec
torhast
hre
ese
nso
rs,e
achs
ens
iti
vet
oadi
ffe
rentf
reque
ncyo
fradi
ati
on.

TheIRradi
ati
onemi
tte
dbyat ypi
calhydr
ocar
bonf
irei
smo
rei
nte
nseatt
hewave
leng
th
acc
ept
edbyo nes
ens
orthant
heo t
hertwo.

Elect
ronicci
rcui
tryinthedete
ctortransl
atesthediff
erenc
einintensi
tyofthet hre
es enso
rstoa
rati
othat,alongwithasynchr
onousf l
ic
ker,mustbepr e
sentbefo
reaf ir
esi
g nalisproduced.Thi
s
all
owst hedetec
tortoreje
cthighint
ensityfli
cke
ringbl
ackbodyradiati
onso
ur cessinc
et hese
sourc
eswi l
lnotme e
ttheproperrati
oc r
iter
ia.

St
reng
thso
fthemul
ti
-spe
ctr
umIRde
tec
torar
e:

Vi
rtual
lyi
mmunet
ofal
seal
arms

Fi
rer
espo
nsei
nthepr
ese
nceo
fmo
dul
ate
dinf
rar
edbl
ackbo
dyr
adi
ati
onwi
ths
omebr
ands

Lo
ngde
tec
tio
nrang
e(60me
ter
stos
omef
ire
s)

Li
mit
ati
onso
fmul
tis
pec
trumIRde
tec
torar
e:

Typi
calr
espo
nset
imei
slo
nge
rwhe
nco
mpar
edt
osi
ngl
efr
eque
ncyde
tec
tor
s.

IRde tecto
rsaresensi
tivetomo s
thydrocarbonf i
res(li
quids,gases,ands oli
ds).Firessuchas
burni
ngme tals
,ammo nia,hydr
ogenandsulphurdono te mitsi
gnif
icantamo untso fIRi nthe
detect
o r
ssensi
ti
vit
yr angetoacti
vateanal ar
m.IRde t
e c
torsaresuitableforapplicat
ionswher
e
hydrocarbonfi
resarelikel
ytooccurandhighc oncentr
at i
onso fai
rbornec ontaminantsand/or
UVr adiati
onsourc
esmaybepr esent
.Thede te
ctors houldbeus edwithc auti
o nwhe nthe
pr
ese
nceo
fho
tobj
ect
sandt
hepo
tent
ialf
ori
cebui
ldupo
nthede
tec
torar
eli
kel
y.

Tal
kPag
e

Ul
travi
ol
etFl
ameDe
tec
tor
s

AUVde tectorus esas ensort ubethatde t ect

sr adiatio
ne mittedint he1 ,000t o3,000ang st r
om
(oneten-bill
iontho fame ter)r ange.Itisi mpor t
antt ono t
et hatul tr
avi ol
etr adiati
onf romt he
sunthatre ache sear t
hs tartsat2, 800ang stroms.Ift hede tector
ss e nsorhasawi der ang e,
thenitwillbet r
iggeredbyt hes unsrays,whi chme ansitiso nl
ys uitablef o
ri ndo o
rus e.The re
aresenso
r savai lablewithar angeo f1 ,
800t o2,500ang stroms.Vir t
ual l
yal lfir
e semitr adiation
i
nt hi
sband,whi l
et hes unsradiati
o natt hisbandi sabsorbedbyt hee arthsat mosphere .The
resul
tisthatt heUVf lamede tect
oriss olarblind.Thei mplic
at i
ono ft hisfeaturei sthatt he
detect
orc anbeus edindo o
rsando utdo ors.Inr esponsetoUVr adiationf romaf lamet hatf alls
withi
nthenar rowband,t hes e ns
org eneratesas eri
eso fpulsesthatar econve rtedbyt he
detect
ore lectronicsintoanal ar mout put.

St
reng
thso
ftheUVde
tec
torar
e:

Re
spo
ndst
ohydr
ocar
bon,hydr
oge
n,andme
talf
ire
s

Hi
ghs
pee
dre
spo
nse unde
r10mi
ll
is
eco
nds

So
lari
nse
nsi
ti
ve

Li
mit
ati
onso
ftheUVde
tec
torar
e:

Wi
llr
espo
ndt
owe
ldi
ngatl
ongr
ang
e

Mayr
espo
ndt
oli
ght
ning
,X-
rays
,spar
ks,ar
cs,andc
oro
na

So
meg
ase
sandvapo
rswi
lli
nhi
bitde
tec
tio
n.

So
meUVs
ens
orshaveawi
dede
tec
tio
nrang
ere
sul
ti
ngi
nso
larf
als
eal
arms
.

UVde tector
saresens
iti
vet omostf i
res
,incl
udinghydr
ocarbo
n( l
iqui
ds,g as
es,andsol
ids
),
metals(magnesi
um),sul
phur,hydrogen,hydrazi
ne,andammo ni
a.TheUVde tec
tori
sthemo st
fl
exibl
eg e
neralpur
poseo pt
icalf
iredetect
oravail
abl
e.Theyarefast,rel
iabl
e,havefewfals
e
al
arms ources
,andrespondt ovi
rtual
lyanyfire.

Tal
kPag
e

Ul
travi
ol
et/Inf
rar
edFl
ameDe
tec
tor
s
AUV/IRde tec
torc onsi
stso fanUVands i
nglefr
equenc
yIRs ens
orpai
redtofor
mo neunit.The
twosensor
sindi
viduallyope r
atethes ameasprevi
ousl
yde sc
ribe
d,butaddi
ti
onalci
rcui
try
proc
essessi
gnal
sf r
o mbo t
hs ensor
s.Thismeansthecombineddetecto
rhasbet
terfal
sealarm
rej
ecti
oncapabi
li
tiesthant heindi
vidualUVo rIRdetect
o r
s.

St
reng
thso
ftheUV/IRde
tec
torar
e:

Vi
rtual
lyi
mmunet
ofal
seal
arms

Hi
ghs
pee
dre
spo
nse unde
r500mi
ll
is
eco
nds

So
lar
,we
ldi
ng,l
ig
htni
ng,X-
rays
,spar
ks,ar
cs,andc
oro
nai
nse
nsi
ti
ve

Li
mit
ati
onso
fUV/IRde
tec
torar
e:

No
tre
comme
nde
dfo
rno
n-c
arbo
nfi
res

So
meg
ase
sandvapo
rswi
lli
nhi
bitde
tec
tio
nduet
obl
i
ndi
ngo
ftheUVs
ens
or.

Sincet heUV/IRde tecto

rpairstwosenso
rt ypes,itwil
lt ypicall
yo nl
yde te
ctfiresthate mit
bothUVandf l
ickeringIRr adi
ati
on.UVde tector
swi l
lrespo ndt ovirt
uall
yallfir
esincluding
hydrocarbon(l
iquids,gases,andsol
ids
),me t
als( magnesi
um) ,sulf
ur,hydrogen,hydrazineand
ammo nia.IRdete c
to r
stypical
lyonl
yrespondt ohydrocarbo nfires
.SincetheIRde t
e c
t o
ri snot
sensi
tivetoburningme tal
s,ammonia,hydrog
e n,ands ul
fur ,thec ombine
duni twil
lnotr espondto
thes
ef i
res
.

Thede tec
tori
ssui
tableforappli
cati
onswhe r
ehydroc
arbonf
iresarel
ike
lyando t
hersour
ceso
f
radiati
onmaybepr e
sent(X-rays,hotsurfac
es,andarcwel
ding)
.Theymaintai
ncons
tant
protect
ionwhi
learcweldi
ngtakesplace.TheUV/IRde te
cto
rsarehighl
yreli
abl
ewithfast
responseti
mesandlowpropensi
tyt ofal
sealarms

Tal
kPag
e

Bo
il
erIns
pec
tio
ns

Boil
ersarei
nspect
edannuall
yt oensur
et heyaresafet
oo pe
rat
e.Thei nspect
o rchec
kss af
ety
cont
rolstomakesuretheyworkproperl
yandi ns
pectsi
nsi
dethebo i
le
r,bo t
ht hewat er
sideand
fi
resi
de.Theins
pectorl
ooksforsi
gnsofpr o
blemsthatsho
uldbeinvesti
gated,s uc
has:

Ove
rhe
ati
ng

Ex
ces
sives
cal
e

Co
rro
sio
n

De
for
medo
rdamag
edpr
ess
ureve
sse
lco
mpo
nent
s
Befo
retheins
pec
torar
rive
s,yo
ucant
aket
hef
oll
owi
ngs
tepst
oens
uret
hebo
il
erpas
sest
he
i
nspect
ion:

Perf
ormanoperati
onalcheckoftheboil
ersint
erl
ockcontr
ols
.Re qui
redcont
rolsvar
ywithfuel
type
,bur
nercapaci
ty,numbe rofburner
s ,andwhe t
hertheburne
ri sfo
rce
ddr aftornat
ural
draf
t.Mi
nimumc o
ntrol
sf o
undo nallburnersare:

Safet
yvalve(s
team)orsafet
yr eli
efval
ve(hotwater
)-makes
urethes
afet
yr e
li
efval
veisno
t
st
uckbutli
ftsfr
eely;l
eaki
ngvalvesmayindi
catedi
rtont
heval
vese
atthatcanbecl
eanedora
wornval
veseatthatmustbereplaced

Low-l
eve
lcuto
ff-cut
sof
ffue
lint
hee
vento
flo
wwat
erl
eve
landr
equi
resmanualr
ese
tto
re
sumeboil
erfi
ri
ng

Flamescanne
r-s
hut
sof
ffue
lfl
owi
fbur
nerf
lamei
slo
standr
equi
resmanualr
ese
ttor
esume
fuelf
low

Te
mpe
rat
urec
ont
rol(
hotwat
er)-t
urnsbur
nero
nando
fft
omai
ntai
nas
et-
poi
ntt
empe
rat
ure

High-te
mpe r
aturecuto
ff(hotwater
)-ifwat
ertempe
ratur
ee x
ceedsthehi
gh-t
emper
atur
e
saf
e t
ys et
point
,shutsofffuelf
lowtot
hebur
nerandrequi
resmanualre
settores
umeboi
ler
fi
ri
ng

Pres
sureco
ntr
ol(
ste
am)-s
imi
lart
othet
empe
rat
urec
ont
rol
,butmai
ntai
nsas
teampr
ess
ure
se
tpoint

High-pr
ess
urecut
off(
steam)-ifst
eampr
essur
ee xc
eedsthehi
gh-
pre
ssur
esaf
etyse
tpo
int
,
shutsofff
uelf
lowtothebur
nerandre
qui
resmanualres
ettore
sumeboi
le
rfi
ri
ng.

Mak esuret heboil

erwi l
lpassthepr ess
uretest.Pr i
ortodr ainingtheboi
le
rf orc
leaning,fi
lli
t
withwat er.Withthebo i
leratope r
atingpre
s s
ure ,clos
et heval vestoi
sol
atethebo i
lerfro
mt he
system.Ift hepressuredrops,thebo i
lerwi
llfailtheinspe c
tion;so,fi
xtheleaks
.St artby
checki
ngt hevalves( i
sol
ati
on,dr ai
n,andwat erle vel
)be causet heyar
emo stsus
cept i
bletosmal
l
l
e ak
st hatc ancausethebo i
lertofailthetest
.

Mak
esur
ethepr
ess
ureg
aug
eshavebe
enc
ali
brat
edandar
emar
kedwi
tht
hec
ali
brat
iondat
e.

Cl
eant
hebo
il
erwat
ers
ide
.Dr
aini
ngandf
lus
hingt
hebo
il
erwi
llhe
lpr
emo
ves
cal
eands
edi
ment
.

Makesuretheprope
rAme r
icanSoci
etyofMechani
calEng
ineer
s(ASME)st
ampisins
tal
le
don
theboi
le
r.ASMEde sig
nat
orsshownonthest
ampar e"U"f o
runfir
edpr
ess
ureves
sel
s,"H"f
or
heat
ingboi
ler
s,and"S"forpo we
rboil
ers
.

Makesurethewatertre
atmentsyst
emiswo rki
ngpro
perly.Watertr
eatmenthe
lpsprevent
pr
obl
emsr es
ult
ingfro
ms cal
ebuil
dup,sedi
me nt
,andoxygenorcarbondio
xidecor
ros
ion.Water
fr
ombo i
le
rsthathavebeenlai
dupf ort
hes ummermonthsshoul
dhet e
stedpri
ortoputtingt
he
boi
le
rbac konl
ine.Bo
il
ersshoul
dnotbedrai
nedduringsummerl
ayuptoavoidcorr
osio
n.Ifa
si
gni
ficantamountofwate
ri sadde
datanyt i
me,thewatermustbei
mmediate
lyheatedtoat
l
east180de gr
eesFahre
nheittodri
veof
fdisso
lve
dg as
esfr
omthewatert
oavo i
dc o
rrosi
on.

Checkforobvi
ousde
f e
cts
,probl
emsthatshouldbeident
ifi
edandcorr
ect
edsuc
hasunusual
noi
ses,def
ormeddoorgaske
ts,damag
edinsulati
on,orst
ainsi
ndi
cat
ingle
aks
.Drai
nss
houldbe
cl
eanandc l
earandrunfree
ly.

Fueloil
-fi
redbo
il
e r
saree
speci
all
ysusce
pti
bletocor
ros
iononthefi
resi
deandle
aksinthefue
l
tr
ain.Iftheboi
lerfi
ri
ngl
eve
listoolo
w,c o
ndensat
ioncano
ccurinthestac
kandcausecor
ros
ion.

Whe nbri
ngi
ngabo ile
ro nl
inewithotherbo i
lers,makesuret heo peratingte mperatureand
pre
s s
urearethes ameast heotherboil
erso nli
nebefor
eo peningt hes upplyandr eturnis
olation
val
ves.Whenbr i
ng ingabo il
eronli
ne,crackt heval
vesandc heckf orunus ualno i
seso rvi
br at
ions
pri
ortofull
yo peningt hevalve
s.Fo rst
e ambo il
ers
,bes uret odr ai
nc o ndensat
ef romt hes te
am
fee
dl i
nepri
ort oo peningthesteamo utl
e tvalvetoavoidsluggingc onde nsateintot hesteam
main.

Tal
kPag
e

Co
mbus
tio
nAnal
ysi
s

MODEL300COMBUSTIONANALYZER

WARNINGS BURNHAZARDS!

DONOTt o
uchtheMode
l300Co mbus
tio
nAnal
yze
rpr
obeaf
teri
tisr
emo
vedf
romas
tac
k.Al
lo
w
thepr
obet
ocoo
lbefo
rehandl
ing
.

Whenemptyi
ngfil
ter
/tr
apbo wlandpart
icul
atet
rap,beawaret
hatbo
thtrapsmayc
ont
ainho
t
andmi
ldl
yc o
rro
sivewat
er.Takethenec
essar
yprecaut
ionst
oavoi
dbei
ngburned.

Al
loft
hes
ens
orsc
ont
ainc
orr
osi
vec
hemi
cal
s.DONOTpunc
tur
eort
aket
hemapar
t.

Tal
kPag
e

CAUTIONS!
Toavoiddamagi
ngtheprobeassembl
yduetoe
xcess
ivehe
at,re
movepro
befromst
ackato
r
befo
rethepres
cri
bedti
mel i
ste
dbe lo
w.Al
lo
wprobetocoolt
oroomte
mperat
urebe
for
e
re
inser
tingi
tbacki
ntothestack
.

1
001
,000
F(38538
C).
..
..
..
..
..

Unl
imi
ted

1
,0001
,200
F(538649
C).
..
..
.

30mi
ns.pe
rex
pos
ure

1
,2001
,400
F(649760
C).
..
..
.

1
0mi
ns.pe
rex
pos
ure

Notet
hatthehi
gh-
tempe
rat
uree
xte
nde
d-pr
obeo
pti
onshaveunl
imi
tede
xpo
sur
eti
mesupt
o
2,
000F(1
,093
C).

Al
lo
wpr
obet
oco
olbe
for
epl
aci
ngi
tinc
ase
.

DONOTs
tor
etheMo
del300Co
mbus
tio
nAnal
yze
ratt
empe
rat
ure
sbe
low4
F(20
C).

Pe
rfo
rmt
est
ingus
ingt
heo
per
ati
ngi
nst
ruc
tio
nst
hatc
omewi
tht
heanal
yze
r.

Tal
kPag
e

Caus
eso
fBo
il
erFai
lur
es

Automat i
clow- hig
hwat ercontr
olequipme ntmustbes er
vicedonadai l
ybasiswhe ntheboileri
s
i
no perati
on.Ahi ghfrequencyo fboi
lerfailuresi
stheresultofl
owwat er,andc anbeat t
ribute
d
toac arel
essbo il
ero perato
r.Apr oceduremus tbee s
tabl
ishedatyourfacil
it
yt oregular
lyc l
ean
theglassgaug ec ol
umnby"bl owingdown"t hecol
umnatt hestar
to fthefacil
it
yday,dur ingno n
-peako per
atingpe ri
o ds
,andatt heconclusionofthefaci
lit
ydayo rshi
ft.Thisensuresabi
lityto
deter
mi nethele velofwat erinthebo i
le
r.

Tal
kPag
e

Lo
wWat
er

Amaj orr
easo
nf ordamagesincur
redt olow-pre
ssur
es t
eamboi
lersi
sthelo
wwat erwithi
nthe
boi
ler
.Ifthecondit
ionoflowwat erexi
stsitcanseri
ousl
yweakenthest
ructur
almembersoft
he
boi
ler
,andresul
tinne e
dle
ssinconvenie
nceandc ost
.Low-pr
ess
ureboil
erscanbeprot
ectedby
i
nstal
li
nganautomaticwaterle
velc o
ntroldevi
ce.
Steambo i
lersareusuallyequippedwi thautomaticwat e
rl e
ve lc o
nt r
oldevic
es .Itmus tbeno ted,
however,thatmo s
tf ail
uresoccurduet olowwat eronbo i
lerse quippedwithaut o mati
cco ntr
ol
devic
es.Thewat ercont r
oldevicewillacti
vatewat ersupplyo rf eedwaterpumpst ointroduce
wateratt heproperlevel,i
nterrupttheg aschainandi gni
ti
o npr ocesswhent hewat e
rr e
ac hes
thelowestpermiss
ibl
el evel
,orpe rfo
r mbo thfuncti
onsde pendingo nde s
ignandi nter
lock
ing
syste
ms .Nomat te
rho waut omat i
cawat ercontr
oldevicemaybe ,itisunabl
et oo pe
rate
proper
lyifsediments cal
eands ludgear eallo
we dtoac cumulatei nthefloatc hambe r
.

Accumul ati
onso fmat t
erwillobstructandi nte
r f
e r
ewi ththepropero pe r
ationofthef loatde vi
ce,
i
fno tpr operl
ymai nt ai
ned.Toe nsuref ort here l
iabi
li
tyo fthede vi
c e,proceduresmus tbe
establi
shedinyo urdai lypreventivemai ntenanc eprogramt oallow"bl ow-down"t hef lo
at
chambe ratleasto nc eaday.Si mpl yo pe nt hedrainfo rthreetof i
ves econds,mak i
ngc ertai
nt hat
thewat erdrainpipi ngisproperlyc onne ctedt oadi schargeli
neinac cor
danc ewithcitybui l
ding
codes.Thisbriefdr ainagepro c
esswi llre mo veloosesedimentde posits,andatt hesamet i
me ,test
theo perati
ono fthewat erlevelcontro lde vic
e.Ift hewat erlevelcont r
olde vi
cedoesno t
functio
npr operl
yi tmus tbeinspected,r epaired,andr etest
edt og uaranteepropero peratio
n.

Tal
kPag
e

Lo
wWat
erCut
off-Te
stsandMai
nte
nanc
e

Therearetwove rye f
fect
ivetest
sforlowwaterc ontro
lsonste
ambo il
ers
.Thef i
rstist
hequi
ck
drai
no rblo
wdo wnt est
,whichshoul
dbepe r
formedatat i
meo t
herthanape aksteamgene
rat
ing
peri
od.Ast hewat e
risdrainedfr
omt hecol
umnt hef i
ri
ngsequenc
eisinter
rupte
d,t hel
owwater
al
arms ig
nalactivates
,andt heboi
le
ro pe
rat
ionshut sdown.

Thesec
ondandmo recostl
yme t
hodistheslow-drai
ntest.Byopeni
ngtheblowdownvalve
s,the
wate
rlevelcanbecheck
edt odete
rminethewat e
rleveli
nt heco
lumn,gaugegl
ass,andboi
le
r.
Theboi
lershoul
dshutdownwhileyoudeterminethele
velinthegaugeglas
s.

Asas af
etyprec
aut i
on,thelo
wwat erf
loatchambero fhotwat
erboil
erss
houldbeteste
ddail
y,
atthebegi
nni
ngo ftheshif
t,attheendofthes hi
ft,andoncedur
ingnon-pe
akfiri
ngperi
ods
.
Ti
meo ftes
tsandt heboi
lercont
rol
stest
edsho ul
dber eco
rdedonyourboi
lerroo
ml og
.

Annual
ly,orasrequir
ed,athor
oughi
nspe
cti
onofal
llo
wwate
rcontr
o lpar
tsshal
lbepe
rfo
rme
d.
Theannualins
pec
t i
onshoul
dincl
udeo
peni
ngandcle
ani
ngt
hewat
e rchamber.

Pri
vac
ySeal
sTec
hnol
ogyTr
ansf
erSe
rvi
ces
Powe
redbyTo
tar
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