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Dien Tu y Sinh 2017 Final
Dien Tu y Sinh 2017 Final
Dien Tu y Sinh 2017 Final
Trng thi l kh nng tn ti ca vt cht thng qua lin kt cht ch hay lng lo gia cc phn
t. bao gm; kh, rn , lng, plasma
Thng s trng thi l i lng dc trng cho trng thi ca h: gm, nhit , p sut, th
tch,nng , ni nng, entropi
Nng lng l i lng c trung cho kh nng sinh cng ca h. l thc o cho s chuyn
vn ca vt cht. hay nng lng l kh nng bin i trng thi ca h, l thc hin cng
nng vt cht.
V d: nng lng thc hin cng trong qu trnh co c, cng trong qu trnh h hp
5/ Cn bng nhit lng c th sng. Phn bit trng thi cn bng dng v cn bng nhit
ng.
Cn bng nhit ng l trng thi m h khng c bt k s bin i no v cc thng s trng
thi khng bin thin theo thi gian.
Khi trng thi cn bang nhit ng th h khng c kh nng sinh cng
Phn bit:
Trng thi cn bng nhit ng:
- khng c dng nng lng vo ra h tc l h l kn hoc c lp
- khng cn cung cp nng lng cho h gi trang thi cn bng
- khng tn ti cc hm gradient trong h
- h khng c kh nng sinh cng
- gi tr entropi t cc i
- tc phn ng thun bng tc phn ng nghch
Trng thi cn bng dung (ngc li)
6/ Khi nim gradien v entropy. nh lut II nhit ng hc: Ni dung v chng minh
Gradien ca mt tham s l i lng vt l c t s bng bin thin ca tham s trn
khong cch gia 2 im
Gradien l mt i lng vector
V d: gradient nng
Trong h thng sng tn ti nhiu loi gradien nh: nng , thm thu, in th, mng
Gradien l i lng c trung cho kh nng sinh cng ca h thng sng
Entropi nhit rt gon l t s gia bin thin nhit lng trn s chnh lch nhit ca hai
trng thi
Tng i s ca nhit rt gn trong chu trnh carno thun nghch bng 0.
Entropi c trung cho tnh mt chiu, tnh bt thun nghch
Entropi mc hn lon ca h:
Entropi l thc o mc mt trt t ca h
Xc sut nhit ng w: l trng thi vi m tng ng vi trng thi v m trong h: S= k.lnw
Kt lun: entropi l mi tn thi gian, ch s mc hn n ca nguyn t.
Nguyn l II nhit ng hc:
Pb1: nhit lng khng th bin i hon ton thnh cng m khng c bt k s bin i no
khc xy ra.
Cng c th bin i hon ton thnh nhit nhng nhit ch c th mt phn bin i thnh cng
v mt phn cn li khng th trnh khi s mt mt bn ngoi mi trng. Q>A.
Pb2: nhit lng khng th truyn c t vt lnh hn sang vt nng hn m khng c s bin
i no khac xy ra.
5/ S ph thuc ca tc phn ng vo nhit , khi nim nng lng hot ha trong cc phn
ng ha sinh hc
Nhit c nh hng r rt n tc phn ng ha hc, i vi phn ng ha hc khi nhit
tng ln th tc phn ng tng ln.
H s nhit : khi tng nhit ln 10c th tc phn ng tng ln 2-4 ln.
Nng lng hot ha l lng nng lng d tr m mi cht cn cho phn ng xy ra hiu
qu.
4/ Phn loi cc hin tng in ng hc. ng dng ca hin tng in ng hc trong sinh
hc
Cc hin tng ng hc xut hin khi t ln h d th mt in trng khng i s xut hin
chuyn ng ca cc pha trong h d th.
Khi cc pha chuyn ng s xut hin trong h mt in th
in di: cc ht keo tch in chuyn ng di tc ng ca in trng v phi in cc tri
du.
in thm: dung mi chuyn di di tc ng ca in trng ti cc in cc cng du.
in th sa lng l in th xut hin cc lp khc nhau khi ht keo sa lng di tc ng ca
trng trng
in th nng chy: xut hin khi dung mi chuyn dch qua mao qun di tc dng ca p
sut thuyrt tnh qua mao qun
Kt lun: cc hin tng in ng u hnh thnh in th gia pha phn tn vi mi trng v
gl in th hot ng
ng dng
5/ Ngun gc in tch b mt. Cu trc lp in kp v deta in th
vic xut hin in th hot ng c lin quan n s tn ti ca cc in tch trn bn mt pha
phn tn. in tch trn b mt pha phn tn xut hin c th do:
s ion ha nhm phn ly
s hp th cu ion trong mi trng pha phn tn ln b mt pha phn tn
cc ht keo mang in trong h phn tn tp trung trn b mt cc ht keo hay git nh lm hnh
thnh phn b c bit trn b mt phn chia pha v to ra lp in tch kp
lp in tch kp:
ion to in th: s ion ha hay hp th loi ion bm trn b mt ht keo
ion i: ngc du chuyn vo dung dch or tn ti trong dung dch
h gm ht keo v dung dch thfi trung ha v in
gi thuyt stern: trn b mt ht keo tch in tri du trong mi trng pha phan tn s ko v
ht keo theo lc ht tnh in
do lp in tch kp ca ion tri du c 2 xu hng:
ion tri du cng tnh cht s cch b mt ht keo mt khong d v c duy tr di tc ng
ca lc ht tnh to ra lp hp th
lp th hai chuyn ng hn lon trong mi trng phn tn to lp khuch tn quanh ht keo
in th detal: hay cn gi l in th in ng, n ch xut hin khi c s chuyn ng ca cc
pha trong h d th
khi c s chnh lch in th mt ngoi stern vi bn ngoi s to ra in th zetal, khi in
th zetal c hnh thnh mng phn chia trn b mt chia pha.
Cc yu t nh hng n in th zetal: nhng yu t nh hng n lp in tch kp u nh
hng n in th zetal.
Khi tng nng cht in ly th nng lp in tch kp tng ln, in th zetal s gim
Khi tng nhit ng th s khuch tn tng ln dn n in th zetal tng ln
Lp in tch kp ch tn ti trong mi trng phn cc v t l vi phn cc ca mi trng.
2/ S hp th nh sng.
3/ Trnh by cc qu trnh pht quang. Hunh quang v ng dng trong sinh y hc
4/ c im v cc giai on ca cc qu trnh quang ha.
Cc giai on ca qu trnh quang ha:
Giai on sangs l gai on c s chiu nh, hp th nh sng to ra trng thi kch thch, ion, ..
Giai on ti l gia on tip theo ca giai on sng cc sn phm km bn c hon thin
Giai on c s tham gia ca phn t giu nng lng to sn phm bn vng
Mt cht mun tham gia qu trnh quang ha th phi c hp th nh sng, to ra trangjt hi
kch thch, tc ca phn ng quang sinh t l vi bin thin nng ca cht tham gia
phn ng
V t l vi lng t nh sng
Lng t nh sng t l vi s cht hp th, din tch tip xuc, cng
Khng phi cht no c hp th cng tham gia phn ng
Thuyt bia
5/ S pht quang sinh hc v ng dng thc tin.
C s ca qu trnh quang sinh l qu trnh quang ha, nng lng hp thu chuyn sang ha
nng.
Qu trnh quang sinh hc l qu trnh l bt u t s hp th photon bi cc cht hp th nh
sng c th v kt thc bng cc hiu ng sinh hc trong cc m lin kt hoc c th sinh vt.
Cc giai on ca qu trnh quang sinh:
1. Cc phn t cht c th ca qu trnh quang sinh hp th photon
hoc chuyn ln trng thi kch thch hoc bin i hnh thi
2. S bin i ny kch hot mt chui cc phn ng ha hc KHNG
c s tham gia ca nh sng v cht c th ni trn (cn gi l cc
phn ng ti).
3. Kt qu ca cc phn ng ha hc ny l cc hiu ng sinh hc