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r/
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|zn |
n=1


s 

4 
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6
5.3 
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{
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9
w
:$

n 

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9
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.
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(i) /

L
n=1 an 
s

4



(5.12) lim an = 0.
n

P P

(ii) (j ah
 ) 

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n=1 an <
@
n=1 bn \ /K f y
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s 0
P P
an bn s



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 n=1 bn s
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 n=1 an

4
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. {
 n=1 an s
9 1

 n=1 an
 1


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(iii) /
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n=1 an 
s X@
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n=1 an 
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a  5.3 4

/L


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(5.13) zn
n=1
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j1X \
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_


4 131


s

4 



(5.14) lim zn = 0
n


s .



a
h 5.1 4

/
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(5.13) s

4y

zn
r
>
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,
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M s >
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n\ @/
# 
|zn | M s .


zn = xn + iyn s 
 xd
1
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(5.15) s
|xn | |zn |  |yn | |zn |

'
6

z
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3 
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(i) x
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'

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<
|xn | |yn |
n=1 n=1


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n=1 n=1

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4
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(ii) S = n=1 zn s
 . 
Qt

(5.16) N = S SN

s
  .
Q

 S = SN + N s
 |SN S| = |N 0| s
N
{
9
M: SN S s0
l A
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r N 0 s
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(1)n
zn = 2 + i (n = 1, 2, . . .)
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 2
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132 j5
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2. H "
j1\ f rn = |zn | s
 n = Argzn s
 
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t

n
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6

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9

3. { s
 limn zn = z  
 limn |zn | = |z| e
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sr
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4.  
Qt 
N (z)
` q
ty
# |z| < 1 {
M
9 :

X z
zn =
n=0
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2
. ( xd
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p 

1 z N +1
1 + z + z2 + + zN = 6 1)
(z =
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# 
r
s 
.

5. 0 < r < 1 {
M
9 xd
:1
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X
X
r cos r2 r sin
rn cos n = <
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1 2r cos + r2 1 2r cos + r2
n=1 n=1

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n 
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 2

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6. n=1 zn = S, n=1 wn =T 9
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(a) n=1 z
n = S.
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(b) n=1 czn 
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P
7. \ zn s
 z

4 
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M s>F
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Hn\ @ /K"
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O
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(a)
_


& 
n0 s >
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|zn | = |z + (zn z)| < |z| + 1.

(b) zn = xn + yn 
 z

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 xn , yn \
\ @/K fh
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 M2  >
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F
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f |xn | M1 s



|yn | M2 s w
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j2X /
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133

2
V

;





a ;
+ 5.4





X
(5.17) an (z z0 )n = a0 + a1 (z z0 ) + a2 (z z0 )2 + + an (z z0 )n +
n=0

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+I "
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>
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p 
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> an 
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s
 
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z0 \

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h 
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ah {

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(5.17) s "
 z = z1 (z1 6= z0 ) \ f
4 

s
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2

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;
|z z0 | < R1 ?
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h "f X@
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4
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f R1 = |z1 z0 |

s >
( a
5.2).


(i) 
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M
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o

7
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. /
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X
an z1n (z1 6= 0)
n=0

s


4 



& 
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r
>
s 
. 7

M >0s

>
F
r 
#
|an z1n | M (n = 0, 1, 2, . . .).

9
 |z| < |z1 | s
 = |z/z1 | s 

n
n

n z
|an z | = |an z1 | M n (n = 0, 1, 2, . . .).
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#
l"
f<1s. /
 L


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n
n=0

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2

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 z = z1 (z0 = "
f 
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(5.18) an wn
n=0
134 j5
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4
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(5.18)
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|w| < |z1 z0 | \f]
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a "
 5.6 R s /
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1
(5.19) = lim sup |an |1/n .
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R=0s
9  
 \ {|an |1/n } s
P
 > 
 _

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p
.
{
R=s
9 
 lim sup |an |

 1/n =0
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> w
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_ t = lim sup |an |1/n 


 
$
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  t 6= 0, 


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fl  / L
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n=0 an (z z0 )n
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|an | (t )n .


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9
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 |an (z z0 )n | 1 s
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n=0 an (z z0 ) r


4 t 
H
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4 

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r

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7


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t=0 <t= r1
q
l \>z |

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 a
h {

 5.2 9
 limn |an | = t s
>
rF 

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] ] "

j2X /
4L
135

"/

4 L
(5.17) s

4
 

|z z| = R `


 


& 
.
o "
 
4
L

/ +
(5.17) _
S(z)
< 
r
SN (z)
+ 
` 
6
s

?/
.

X N
X 1
n
S(z) = an (z z0 ) , SN (z) = an (z z0 )n (|z z0 | < R).
n=0 n=0


Q

 <
Qt

(5.20) N (z) = S(z) SN (z) (|z z0 | < R)


H

. 
4

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/_
 
H& \
h f"
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(5.17) s
 
4
N
{
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9 :
N (z) 0 (|z z0 | < R).
e_

7,

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>0\
@/K
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f
 
N s >
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#


|N (z)| <

N > N s

$
s
w
n

.
{
9
&

h

 N
r


4 


?/_& z
h \ _ >
r
. s


Q

 H

S(z) ~
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5 

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4


?/_: Z

>

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h
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S(z) 

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a  5.7 {
9
 z1 s " /
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(5.17) _


4

|z z0 | = R ?
/_& s
h

r{
(5.17)


2 "

|z z| R1 ?
/\ f
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> 
4 
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l
f R1 = |z1 z0 | s
" .

_
z0 = 0 {
M
9 :&


o 
7
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 4
. z1 s "/
 L


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(5.21) an z n
n=0

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4

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h 
 
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4 

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h 
|z1 | < |z| < R

&
zs
h r >F
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(5.20) s


4 \
< _
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(5.22) |an z1n |
n=0

r

4 
 
. m, N `
 
m > N  

 

.
Q
 /
 L
<
(5.20)
(5.21) _
Qt 
ry
y


m
X
(5.23) N (z) = lim an z n
m
n=N
136 j5
]
/
L


s
m
X
(5.24) N (z) = lim |an z1n |
m
n=N

s
 
. X
 <
Xm
n
|N (z)| = lim an z
m
n=N


s |z| |z1 | 9
M
{ :
m
X X m m
X m
X

an z n |an ||z|n |an ||z1 |n = |an z1n |.

n=N n=N n=N n=N


s . 
 f |z| |z1 | {
" M
9 :

(5.25) |N (z)| N


X
 < N
r


4 /
H
_
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s N 9
{
M: N 0 s

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. 7
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f

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N s r
F
#

(5.26)  N <

s
N > N 

|
 (5.24)
< (5.25) \
_
#"

|z| < |z1 | _

&
H z\
h @ /K"f (5.25)
$
s
w

n 

.
N rz_


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(5.20)

> 
4 
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e
z0 s _
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h M
9 :. /
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 w = z z0
(5.20)
\


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& _ &

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@ " r/
f z1 z0
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X
an wn
n=0

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4 
|w| = R ?

/_&
s
h  /
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H
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|w| |z1 z0 | ?
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f
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>
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 f&
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o 
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n

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.


 
h
a  5.3 "
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r

4 


|z z0 | = R ?
/\y &
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h "f
5
 q

<

S(z)
\ 
 p

. 7

9{ S(z) 
 
4

|z z1 | = R ?
/\ f/
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(5.17)_ +`

 ?/ /_
 |z z1 | = R ?
z1 s &s
h  y
 >0\
@/
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"f
>0s r>F
 #

(5.27) 
|z z0 | < s |S(z) S(z1 )| < .


#l
"  z  S(z) _

f H &
_
%
 |z z0 | < R ?
i /\
Zs
~ 2



ry >



.
] ] "

j2X /
4L
137

_
 (5.17)_

SN (z) `  
r+
s



S(z) = SN (z) + N (z)


. #
l r/
f N (z)
" L
_
 
Qt s

.
 

Q

|S(z) S(z1 )| = |SN (z) SN (z1 ) + N (z) (z1 )|


H

(5.28) |S(z) S(z1 )| |SN (z) SN (z1 )| + |N (z)| + |(z1 )|.

z
9 
H#Q{
"
2"


|z z0 | R0 \ ~
Z# 
eH
e
_
&
_ s
h 
(
a 5.4)
>

&

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#> 
4  

 
N s >
rF #


(5.29) N > N s

 |N (z)| < .
3
:
y
|
(5.28) r"


|z z0 | R0 \
<&

2



ry
>
 z1 _


Q
# H
" ~
 |z z1 | < ?
/\y &
z\
h @ 
/K $n

w


.
s]

j 
r+ Sn (z)
r

d
s

y
N \
@/K
"f z1 \
" 5

f
qs
.
y

:  N = N + 1 {
M
9 :

(5.30) s
|z z1 | <  |SN (z) SN (z1 )| <

3

s &2
\

>
+

e 
1
. d (5.29) \

x
p "f N = N + 1 


N = N + 1 9
M
{ 
< (5.29) s
: (5.28)

$w
n
 H
 z
 
` 6x



s
|z z1 | < 
 |SN (z) SN (z1 )| < + + .
3 3 3

z


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P
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r
$
4

r<

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P 
5q, p
0
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hr x$
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a <

 5.8 (Weierstrass) P
  %
\ fn (z) s
%
 n \
i "
f K $&
3 s
h 


P
\ {fn (z)} s

%
% \
i fF
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<

f (z)

4 _ 
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r9+
| 0
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4 

&

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H "fK$
3
&
s
h  8
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0 r_
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 (
H



r9
|
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A\ " 0
f f (z)



> 
4 
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138 j5
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_ 
|z a| r `
? /\

<
a{
)

2n
 

\
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n
s  
H# 
n0
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< a
 9

. {
s 
|z a| < r \
a
<
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__
{
/
2 G
B
s
 Cauchy &

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@
\ /K "f Z
fn (z) dz = 0.

0
A\"
f
r



4
$ s
` 6x


Z Z
f (z) dz = lim fn (z) dz = 0,
n


s
Morera &

o _
\ 
# f (z) 
|z a| < r \
H "
fK &
$
3 s
h 
.

( r7
x"

) fn s
K$
&
3 s
h  Cauchy &
h 
r/Nd
B \
_

#
Z
1 fn ()
fn (z) = d.
2i C z

l
# " 
H
fC "
| a| = r s 
|z a| < r. n s

r

$
4

\_


# Z
1 f ()
f (z) = d.
2i C z

s /
s N
Bd
r f (z)  n
 \"fK$&
3 
h 
e
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r
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Bd

Z
0 1 fn ()
fn (z) = d.
2i C ( z)2


'
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OZ
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6 
x


Z
1 f ()
lim f 0 (z) = d = f 0 (z)
n n 2i C ( z)2

s

r



H s
4  |z a| < r \
@/K
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 <

4 `


 e
. _ _
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9 +
r
 Q{

2n

[t_

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=
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r
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+
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4 
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(k)
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7

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f fn (z)
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9+0
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f
>


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 h

a $
 5.4 K 
3
< t_
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/L


X
f (z) = fn (z)
n=1
] ] "

j2X /
4L
139

s%

%
_
i  
H
(



r| 9
+0
A\"
f >


4 
+

f (z)
r

"
\fK$&
3s
h 

X
f 0 (z) = fn0 (z)
n=1
s
 .

y n = 0, 1, 2, . . . \

@/K
"f fn (z) = an (z a)n
rK
$
<
3
s
 "
/
4 L

(5.17)
r

4

?
 /\"
fK$
3 <
s.


 

h
a  5.5 "
/
4 L


X
f (z) = an (z z0 )n
n=0
s
 
4

R

`
"
H

|z z0 | < R ?
/\
"f

4



& 
.

Q
  f (z) 

H
"
|z z0 | < R \
"fK $<
3
s


X
f 0 (z) = nan (z z0 )n1
n=1


s .

e

<
 5.1
X
1 1
= = (1)n (z 1)n (|z 1| < 1)
z 1 + (z 1)
n=0

s



`p

r 

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2

o _
 5.5 \ K

X
1
= (1)n n(z 1)n (|z 1| < 1)
z 2 n=1

H


X
1
= (1)n (n + 1)(z 1)n (|z 1| < 1).
z2
n=0


h
a 
H"
 5.9 C /
4 L


X
(5.31) S(z) = an (z z0 )n (|z z0 | < R)
n=0

_
 
4

?
/\ 
eH
e
__ 1 x
p d
s
   g(z) H 
C0 A\
"f

5
q

e_
_ <

 .
Q 

Z X Z
(5.32) g(s)S(z) dz = an g(z)(z z0 )n dz.
C n=0 C
140 j5
]
/
L

_
<
< S(z) s
g(z) C 0
A\ f
" 
5
qs


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(c) (x+a)2 +b2 (b > 0)

6
9.  
X
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 &
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P
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r
2 12
cos x dx = sin x dx =
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>

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r
to
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2 1 r2 2
cos x dx = e dr < eiz dz
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<
Z Z Z
R R
2 1 r 2 2
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0 0 0


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R d R cos 2 d
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R 2 cos2 3 d R d
(c) 0 54 cos 2 (f) 0 (a+cos )2 (a > 1)
R
(g) 0 sin2n d (n = 1, 2, . . .)

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cos(ax) cos(bx)
dx = (b a) (a 0, b 0)
0 x2 2


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.

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 y
1
x
p d 1 cos(2x) = 2 sin2 x
 
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x

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2
dx =
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Q
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H

t
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h#
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r Z
xa
dx
0 (x2 + 1)2

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 xa = exp(a ln x) s
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s
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205


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(c)

z 1/3 log z e(1/3) log z log z 3
f (z) = = |z| > 0, < arg z <
z2 + 1 z2 + 1 2 2


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6
x
&
# 
h r
/Nd
B _



Z 3 Z
x ln x 2 3
x
dx = , dx =
0 x2 + 1 6 0
2
x +1 3


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#

<

(d)

(log z)2 3
f (z) = 2 |z| > 0, < arg z <
z +1 2 2



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x
#

Z Z
(ln x)2 3 ln x
dx = , dx = 0
0 x2 + 1 8 0 x2 +1



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2
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3 r&

h/
r N
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s x
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+



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13.

z 1/3 e(1/3) log z


f (z) = = (|z| > 0, 0 < arg z < 2)
(z + a)(z + b) (z + a)(z + b)

<
21

{ xd
p 
(
 >a
6.12)`
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x
#+Ad
&

h

Z
3
x 2 3 a 3 b
= (a > b > 0)
0 (x + a)(x + b) 3 ab

14. 
<

z 1/2 e(1/2) log z
f (z) = =
z2 + 1 z2 + 1
&
_ X
h]
t
 
\

(a) > 6.11


a
 r


(b) a
> 6.12
<
r{

21
x
p 
d



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h
r #
Z
dx
2
=
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.
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15. Beta



Hz
 
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Z 1
B(p, q) = tp1 (1 t)q1 dt (p > 0, q > 0)
0


s 
. u8
t = 1/(x + 1) <
l  6.26 `
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#

B(p, 1 p) = (0 < p < 1)
sin(p)
e
`

#
.

16. <


f (z)  
"
0 < |z z0 | < R2 \
"f Laurent /
L

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t
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z
0

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h "f

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h  
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r"
(a) C

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sr 
~
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s
(a > 6.10). < 0 < R2 `


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 0 
H `






B0
f (z) = g(z) + (0 < |z x0 | 0 )
z x0


s \
 
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[ "
# . #l"f g(z) r{

2"


|z x0 | 0 \

f
" 5
 qs
 > s .

(b) (a) _ 
 < C \
/ @B
> h
&

` 6
x
#

Z
lim f (z) dz = B0 i
0 C


e`

#
.

a
17. > 6.16
 6.17 _
> 
h_

H{

21xd
p 

t
` qy

 >a
6.12
"
_ CR
< C \
_ KA$
+
)

a +
8 A
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`

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# 
3

H
. s
Q1
xd
p 

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e
_ _~
  arg z = 0 

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rs
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. # "
f < 0 < 3/2. 
< r

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rs

.
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 < R
r CR _
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rs .


(a)
o
&

'   <
z a /(z + 1) _
 t

a

z 3
f1 (z) = |z| > 0, < arg z <
z+1 2 2

s a
> 6.16 
_{

21 xd
p 

0A\ " f&
h 
r # # QbG>

Z R a Z Z Z
r
dr + f1 (z) dz + f1 (z) dz + f1 (z) dz
r+1 R L
= 2iRes(f1 (z); z = 1)


%
` 
3`
eH
t
#
 
.
] ]

j4X &


o s

\ x
6
s
&

 

h r_
>

207

(b) z a /(z + 1) _
 t


z a 5
f1 (z) = |z| > 0, < arg z <
z+1 2 2

\ Cauchy-Goursat &

o
\ 
 6x
# a
> 6.17 _
{
21
x
p 
d 

`

& 
h 
r #

Z R a i2a Z Z Z
r e
dr + f2 (z) dz f2 (z) dz + f2 (z) dz = 0
r+1 L R



` 
# .
< (b) _
(c) (a)  }
t [
h_
j> &

h 
r\ f z a /(z + 1) _
"  t
 f1 (z)
< 
f2 (z)  t

z a
f (z) = (0 < |z|, 0 < arg z < 2)
z+1

`
 J
e H
s
 
\
r
.
 s
Q
 Q

 1 xd
p _
@
/6x



H `
 
8
#
t
+
Ad&

h%#
3
1
Q p 
d (6.75) \
x


# .

>
18. a 6.18

r1
x
p d


` 6x
#
Z
sin ax
ex dx
0 sinh x
eiaz

_ 

`
#
2
. ( : f (z) = e2z 1


)


\

>
.)
208 ]
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$"


[1] L. Ahlfors, Complex Analysis, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill Co., Tokyo, 1979

[2] J. Churchill and R. Brown, Complex Variable, 6th. ed., McGraw-Hill


Co., New York, 1996

[3] ^
|


, ~7

x
, s
r j
, <

,
H
< 9
x 6
x6

x<
0
\  K
A
$
3
, 
<


H
f
, " , 1999

[4] S. Lang, Complex Analysis, 3rd ed., Springer Verlag, New York, 1993

[5] A. I. Markushevich, Theory of Functions of a Complex Variables, 3 vols.


in one, 2nd ed., Chelsea Publ. Co., New York, 1977

[6] J. Marsden, Basic Complex Analysis, W. H. Freeman and Co., San Fran-
cisco, 1973

[7] R. Narashimhan, Comples Analysis in One Variables, BirKhauser, New


York, 1974

[8] H. Silverman, Complex Variables, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1975

[9] R. Silverman, Introductory Complex Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Inc., En-


glewood Cliffs, 1967

[10] Walter Rudin, Real and Complex Analysis, Third Ed., McGraw-Hill Co.
New York, 1987

[11] S. Willard, General Topology, Addison-Wesley Publ. Co. Reading, 1970

209

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