g sete — Qi Katy aaittis Mca GES eee M ion i Consider a weight atiached to's apeng ineaauaee that is suspended from a horizontal bar ~ as illustrated in the figure. When the object comes to rest we say it is at “equilibrium” which is labeled 0 on the vertical number line. If you give the weight a push, either up or down, it will start to move and the motion can be modeled by sine and cosine functions. The “stiffness” of the spring and the mass of the object affect how far the object moves from the equilibrium position. The initial velocity and initial position also affect the motion of the spring. (We don’t always start at the + equilibrium position.) 4s If we neglect any damping forces (ai resistance etc.) then the motion of the spring can be modeled by v x() = Bsin(ax) + c09(am) where x(t) is the position of the object along the number line at time f. The other quantities are constants: @ is a constant that depends on the stiffiness of the spring and the mass of the weight, v)is the initial velocity, and xis the initial position of the object. Model the motion of a weight on a spring: ‘Suppose a weight is set in motion from a position 3 centimeters below the equilibrium position and with a downward velocity of 4 centimeters per second. (Please note that the Vertical number line used for position is “upside down”, This is a convention from physics and it means that positions below equilibrium actually correspond to a positive value.) Assume that the spring stiffness and mass of the weight mean that «= for this system. Part I _ te the function x(t) that gives the position of the weight as a function of time tin 1) Writ seconds. (Your function should consist of a sine term and a cosine term.) lt) > © 2 sin (1k) + 3 es (2*) gal) +3 ws(2e) + Yomfsec alk) = ‘la wt Xi 2_/ 2) Graph the separate sine and cosi ine components of your function from (1) on the same set of axes. That is graph x, =“esin(ot) and x, = x, cos(ax) ‘on the set of axes ‘below. (Sketch these graphs by hand and show two full cycles.) X, > “251° (ae) X27 Zoos (rey 1 5 1 4 7 oar \ 1 7 5 \ \ 5 \J 3) Use a graphing calculator (or online graphing utility) to graph the entire function from ‘ part (1). Use the window settings indicated below. ‘Sketch what you see on your \ calculator display. J 4) Write an equation for your calculator graph in the trace or maximum feature of y the form x(t) = Acos[B(t-C)]. (Use our graphing utility to help you find values for A,B, and C. J expect to see decimal approximations for these values.) a mins 2M wo, prose sw yo yen” max* ~ 3.e gust shit:“S) How are the graphs period and amplitude Please write out your from part 2) related to the ‘raph in part 3)? Are the values for the sare or different? Why de-yu think we os these results? explanation using complete sentences. Fore L iS bok Sine 4 cosina graphs 1 gare B ts Chote ue ginghs added together, Add cosine 2 the and Sing valve yor gp Kee net graph, iL becomes foriod is same and aon ply wae casing gage alone « is diferente because one added tog ther ype a a nw geek ‘ Part I: \ 6) Prove that the following fs an density (A 1 postive constant) ty fling fn che Viens t low. \ = \ Asin ésin(ox) + AcosPeostat) [= A [Sag snlwid* cos pcosiwt))] Factor out A \ ~ [FA [eos pconet) = sin 080) | Saar | = A[eos(ar) cos + sin(ar)sin g] | Commuatire Proveny of =Acos(at =) Difference iden for Part DI: ov an expression of the form [e,]sin(ar) +} é,|cos(ar) = ‘Asin gsin(ot) +| Acosd| ee a cos(ot) in terms of a cosine function: Acos(at —$). Use the following definitions and your result from part I: Viva Rasiander Dwas. WotL Wale G Lam Poss te A, is the amplitude of the cosine function and ¢, “phi”, is called the phase angle and is measured in radians.Example: Write 4si 4sin3¢+2c0834 i 5 in terms of a cosine function, 8 (aaa . 5A A he rs & singe + AeosdtelAScos =) H ton Gs der YaSeaer-o8) Paros) vag. * Y Radian rods Y 7) Rewrite your function from part 1) in terms of a cosine function: Acos(ot ~ 4). Show \ ‘your work, xl4) = Zsin(2t) + 3 cos (2) Ne ee wet tang ~ % pes Cs) - L TD 29.9880 iid alee & Ae lO 8) Compare your function from part 4) and part 7). What do you observe? Write a one or ntence explanation. a weld = 3.ecas [2(4 02685) ult) «1B corte = 0-588) r 5 very hose to The functions are actually very Sumter. We | en eayivalente Bu ia value and Ye valves in the porerttneses ore prety except me as a L factored ok, . nee aT \h 2T