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Vforum - VN GiaoTrinhExel2013
Vforum - VN GiaoTrinhExel2013
vn
GIO TRNH
Mc lc
Bi 5 Tm hiu mt s hm c bn.................................184
5.1. Nhm hm ti chnh................................................184
5.2. Nhm hm ngy thng............................................191
5.3. Nhm hm tm kim v tham chiu.......................195
5.4. Nhm hm thng k.................................................197
5.5. Nhm hm x l chui............................................199
5.6. Nhm hm lun l....................................................202
5.7. Hm ton hc v lng gic...................................203
Bi 6 In n.........................................................................207
6.1. nh dng trang in...................................................207
6.2. Xem v thc hin in n............................................217
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Bn ch mt lt:
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+ Clipboard: Ct dn
+ Font: Font ch
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+ Alignment: Cn l ni dung
+ Number: nh dng d liu
+ Styles: nh dng bng tnh
+ Cells: Thao tc vi Cell
+ Editing: Hm, lc, tm kim d liu
- Insert: Xut hin mc nh trn thnh Ribbon, cha cc nhm
lnh lin quan n vic chn cc i tng vo vn bn, chi tit
nh sau:
- Trong danh sch Main Tabs bn pha tay phi ca mn hnh lit
k danh sch cc Tab Ribbon mun n Tab no bn ch cn b
du tnh u tn Tab . Ngc li mun hin chng ln bn
nh du tnh cho nhng Tab b n. Cui cng nhp Ok lu
li.
Lu : Trng hp mun n ton b thanh cng c Ribbon bn
nhp chn biu tng Minimize the Ribbon (hoc nhn t hp
phm Ctrl + F1) pha gc phi trn ca mn hnh chnh.
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Kt qu chng ta s c nh hnh di y:
- Fomula bar: Cha cng thc ca hin thi. Ngoi vic hin
th hp thoi ny cn cho php ngi dng nhp cng thc cho
hin thi. thc hin bn di chuyn chut ti cn nhp cng
thc ri nhp cng thc cho trn thanh Fomular bar bt u
vi du =. V d chng ta c cng thc ca A2 l 5 + 3.
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Cc thnh phn c bn
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Mt bng tnh bao gm nhiu WorkSheet (Sheet) trong mi Sheet
cha cc hng (Row) v ct (Column) to thnh cc (Cell).
- Sheet: L mt vi cc thnh phn nh ni phn trc. Bn
c thm mi, ty chnh hay xa b mt Sheet trn WorkBook.
Cc Sheet trong mt, hoc nhiu WorkBook c th lin kt ly d
liu qua li vi nhau.
- Column: Ct nm trong cc Sheet c nh du, xc nh bi
tiu (a ch) ct, v d chng ta ni ct A, ct B hay ct
XA,... Bn c th chn, xa, di chuyn, cc ct trn mt Sheet.
- Row: Hng nm trong cc Sheet c nh du, xc nh bi
tiu (a ch) hng, v d chng ta ni hng 1, hng 2 hay hng
1000, Bn cng c th chn, xa, di chuyn, cc hng trn
mt Sheet.
- Cell: L giao nhau gia mt hng v mt ct xc nh no ,
v tr ca Cell hay cn gi l a ch ca Cell c xc nh bi
tn ct v hng giao nhau cha n. Gi s A5 c hiu l
giao gia ct A v hng 5, th t vit a ch ca Cell l Tn
ct + Tn hng. M rng Cell chng ta s c nhm cc Cell,
nhm cc Cell c xc nh bi u tin v cui cng trong
nhm. Nh vy a ch ca mt nhm Cell c vit nh sau:
Tn Cell u tin: Tn Cell cui cng. Gii s nhm Cell t
hng th nht ct A ti hng th 5 ct E chng ta s c a ch l:
A1:E5.
- Vng lm vic hin thi: L mt nhm cc Cell c chn ti
mt thi im xc nh v bao quanh bi mt khung mu en.
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cc Sheet .
: Di chuyn ti Sheet u tin trong WorkBook.
: Di chuyn v Sheet pha trc Sheet hin thi
: Di chuyn v Sheet pha sau Sheet hin thi
Thay i v tr cc bng tnh (Sheet)
thay i hay di chuyn Sheet t v ny ti v tr khc trn
thanh Sheet Tab bn c th thc hin theo cc cch sau y:
Cch 1: Nhp gi chut vo Sheet cn di chuyn, ko th ti v
tr mi trn thanh Sheet Tab.
Cch 2: Nhp phi chut vo Sheet cn di chuyn trn thanh
Sheet tab chn Move or Copy Sheet
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+ Cch 2: Nhp phi chut trn vng Cell c chn, chn lnh
Copy.
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+ Cch 3: Nhn t hp phm Ctrl + C
Lu : Sau bc hai hay khi c sao chp s c vin en
trng chy bao quanh.
+ Cch 4: Chn hay khi cn Copy, a con tr n khung m
bao xung quanh hay khi n khi thy con tr c hnh mi tn
bn u xut hin. Nhn gi phm Ctrl v ko chut n ni cn
Copy, th chut ra.
- Di chuyn d liu (Cut): di chuyn d liu t v tr ny n
v tr khc bn c th thc hin theo cc bc sau y:
Bc 1: Chn mt hay mt khi cc cn di chuyn d liu.
Bc 2: Trong bc ny bn c th thc hin theo mt trong cc
cch sau y:
+ Cch 1: T tab Home trn thanh Ribbon tm ti nhm
Clipboard nhp chn lnh Cut.
+ Cch 2: Nhp phi chut trn vng Cell c chn, chn lnh
Cut.
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Gp Cell
Trong v d phn trc bn tiu ca danh sch hc sinh
tin tin c cha trong mt Cell, Cell ny c gp t cc Cell
t B2 n D2 (B2:D2). c th gp nhiu Cell li vi nhau bn
thc hin theo cc bc sau y:
Bc 1: Chn nhm Cell cn gp, gi s vi v d trc chng ta
chn cc B5 n D8 (B5:D8).
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2.3. Lm vic vi ct
Chn ct
chn ton b mt trong Sheet bn nhp chut tri vo tiu
ca ct , ct c chn s chuyn thnh mu sm. V d
di y chng ta va chn ct B.
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Trong trng hp mun chn nhiu ct lin nhau mt lc bn
nhp chn vo tiu ct u tin, gi v ko chut n cc ct
tip theo, cui cng th chut ct cui cng. Hoc bn cng c
th thao tc bng cch nhp chn vo tiu ct u tin, sau
gi phm Shift v nhp tip chut tri vo tiu ct cui cng.
Kt qu s c nh hnh di y:
Danh sch xut hin bn nhp chn mt trong cc chc nng sau:
- Column Width: Sau khi chn lnh ny hp thoi Column
Width xut hin bn c th thay i rng cho ct bng cch
nhp gi tr trong Column Width, sau nhn nt Ok xc
nhn.
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Xa mt ct
xa mt ct trn Sheet bn c th thc hin theo cc cch sau
y:
Cch 1: S dng thanh cng c Ribbon
+ Nhp chut chn ton b hoc nhp chn mt Cell trong ct
cn xa.
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+ T thanh cng c Ribbon nhp chn Tab Home, tm ti nhm
Cells, nhp chn mi tn bn phi ca lnh Delete.
n, hin ct
Trong mt Sheet bn s dng rt nhiu ct, tuy nhin khi in rt
hoc theo di bn li ch cn mt vi ct, cc ct cn li bn c
th chng n i, khi no cn thao tc mi cho hin ln. lm
n hin cc ct trn Sheet bn c th thc hin theo mt trong cc
cch sau y:
Cch 1: S dng thanh cng c Ribbon
+ Nhp chn ct cn n
+ T thanh cng c Ribbon nhp chn Tab Home tm ti nhm
lnh Cells. Tip theo nhp biu tng mi tn bn phi lnh
Format.
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Danh sch xut hin bn nhp chn mt trong cc chc nng sau:
- Row Height: Sau khi chn lnh ny hp thoi Row Height
xut hin bn c th thay i chiu cao cho dng hin ti bng
cch nhp gi tr trong Row Height, sau nhn nt Ok xc
nhn.
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Xa mt dng
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xa mt dng trn Sheet bn c th thc hin theo cc cch
sau y:
Cch 1: S dng thanh cng c Ribbon
+ Nhp chut chn ton b hoc nhp chn mt Cell trong dng
cn xa.
+ T thanh cng c Ribbon nhp chn Tab Home, tm ti nhm
Cells, nhp chn mi tn bn phi ca lnh Delete.
n, hin dng
Tng t nh thao tc vi ct, trong qu trnh s dng chng ta
s bt gp nhng trng hp cn phi n hay hin mt s dng
trong bng tnh. thc hin cng vic ny bn c th lm theo
mt trong cc cch sau y:
Cch 1: S dng thanh cng c Ribbon
+ Nhp chn dng cn n
+ T thanh cng c Ribbon nhp chn Tab Home tm ti nhm
lnh Cells. Tip theo nhp biu tng mi tn bn phi lnh
Format.
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Sau khi thit lp xong thuc tnh cho cc Cells Tab Alignment
v Tab Font bn nhp chn Tab Fill t mu nn cho cc Cells.
Tab Fill xut hin bn chn ti mu xm nh hnh di y:
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Bi 3 Lm vic vi d liu
3.1. Kiu d liu v cch nh dng
3.1.1. Kiu chui
Kiu d liu ny bao gm cc k hiu t a n z, t A n Z v
cc phm s trn bn phm ngoi ra n cn c mt s cc k hiu
trn bn phm.
D liu loi chui thng c dng m t, gii thch cc thnh
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phn cho r rng n khng dng trong tnh ton.
Nu cc kiu d liu c nhp vo khng hp l th Excel t ng
chuyn cc d liu ny thnh d liu loi chui.
D liu loi chui khi ng trong cng thc phi c ro trong
cp du nhy kp (" ").
Khi mun th hin s di dng k t, bn nhp thm du nhy
n () trc d liu chui dng s.
3.1.2. Kiu ngy thng
Kiu d liu ngy thng c th hin ngy thng nm gi pht
giy hay thng ngy nm cch th hin ngy thng tu theo s
la ch ca chng bn
Chn cch th hin ngy thng
Nhp phi chut vo hay nhm kiu ngy thng cn nh
dng chn Format Cells.
3.1.4. Kiu s hc
Kiu d liu ny bao gm cc phm s t 0 n 9 v cc k hiu
nh + , - , * , (), ., =, $, %.
D liu kiu s mc nhin c canh phi trong , nu di ca
s ln hn rng ca th n t ng chuyn sang hin th kiu
khoa hc (s m) hoc hin th trn cc k t (###), lc ny
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bn ch cn ni rng .
nh dng cho d liu kiu s bn thc hin nh sau:
- Chn hoc nhm cn nh dng d liu, nhp phi chut
chn Format Cells.
+ Bold: Thit lp ch m
3.4.2. Lc d liu
Lc l cch d dng v nhanh chng tm v lm vic vi d
liu trong vng d liu c chn. Vng d liu c lc hin
th cc mu tin p ng tiu chun m bn ch nh cho mt
trng. Excel cung cp hai lnh: AutoFilter dng lc t ng
vi tiu chun n gin v Advanced Filter dng lc cho tiu
chun phc tp hn.
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Vic lc khng ging vic sp xp, lc mu tin c tc dng che tm
thi cc mu tin m bn khng mun hin th v n khng sp xp
trt t cc mu tin . Khi lc cc mu tin, bn c th chnh sa,
nh dng cc mu tin ny trong c s d liu m khng nh hng
n cc mu tin khc.
Lc t ng bng AutoFilter
Lc t ng l cch lc n gin v nhanh nht. Trong bn c
th chn nhng tiu chun do Excel pht hin thy c trong
trng d liu hoc bn cng c th s dng cc cu lnh i theo
n. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
- Chn ti vng d liu cn lc
- T thanh cng c Ribbon nhp chn Tab Data tm ti nhm
lnh Sort & Filter. Khi trn vng d liu dng u tin mi
s xut hin mt biu tng hnh tam gic nh pha gc phi.
Bi 4 Cng thc v hm
4.1. Mt s khi nim
4.1.1. a ch
a ch tng i
Bn gi A1 l a ch tng i ca A1, A1:B3 l a ch tng
i ca vng d liu t A1 n A3. c s dng khi chng
bn tham chiu ti mt hay mt vng d liu no . Khi bn
ko Fillhand cho cc khc a ch s thay i ch s hng ct
theo.
a ch tuyt i
C dng: $Ct$Dng
L loi a ch khi ng trong cng thc tnh ton, sao chp cng
thc i ni khc, n khng thay i a ch.
V d: Bn c bng tnh sau nhng nhp cng thc cho D1 l:
=$BS1, th khi Copy cng thc n bt k no trong bng tnh,
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a ch ny khng thay i v cho kt qu lun ging nhau:
a ch hn hp
a ch hn hp c hai loi.
Loi 1: a ch tuyt i ct, tng i dng.
C dng: $Ct Dng
L loi a ch m khi bn ng trong cng thc tnh ton sao
chp cng thc i ni khc n khng b thay i a ch ct m
ch thay i a ch dng.
Ton t AND
Bn nhp li gi tr vo B5 l 1 B6 l 1, di chuyn ti C5 v g
vo cng thc: =IF(AND(A5=1,B5=1) ,TRUE, FALSE), sau bn
nhp Enter, ri ko Fillhand cho cn li:
Ton t OR
Vi bng d liu nh hai v d trn, bn di chuyn chut ti C5 v
nhp li cng thc sau: =OR(A5=1,B5=1,TRUE, FALSE), nhp xong
nhn Enter.
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u tin ca cc ton t
Trong cng thc ton t no c u tin cao, c thc hin
trc. Cc ton t c u tin bng nhau, Excel t ng thc
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hin t tri qua phi.
Ton t u tin
() 1 (cao nht)
^ 2
* v / 3
+ v - 4
Hoc t thanh cng c Formula Bar nhp chn biu tng Insert
Function.
Bi 5 Tm hiu mt s hm c bn
5.1. Nhm hm ti chnh
Hm DB
Tnh khu hao cho ti sn s dng theo hng khu hao gim
dn cho tng k c nh ti mt thi im nht nh.
C php: =Db(Cost, Salvage, Life, Period, Month).
Gii thch:
- Cost: Nguyn gi ti sn c nh
- Salvage: Gi tr cn li ca ti sn n thi im tnh khu hao.
- Life: Thi hn s dng ca ti sn
- Period: Thi k bn tnh chi ph khu hao.
- Month: S thng trong nm u tin. Nu b qua mc ny th
c hiu l 12 thng.
Hm DDB
Hm DDB tr v gi tr khu hao ca mt ti khon cho mt thi
hn nht nh bng cch dng phng php k ton gim gp
i.
C php: =DDB (Cost, Salvage, Life, Period, Factor)
Gii thch:
- Cost: Nguyn gi ti sn c nh
- Salvage: Gi tr cn li ca ti sn sau khi khu hao.
- Life: Thi hn s dng ca ti sn
- Period: Thi k bn tnh chi ph khu hao.
- Factor: L kim sot t sut tnh chi ph khu hao, b i s ny
th Excel mc nh l 2.
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- Hai mc Life v Period phi c tnh cng thi im chng
hn: ngy, thng hay nm.
Hm FV
Hm FV tnh gi tr tng lai ca mt khon u t.
C php: =FV (Rate, Nper, Pmt, Pv,Type)
Gii thch:
- Rate: T l li sut trong mt thi hn.
- Nper: L tng s thi hn thanh ton ca mt chu k kinh
doanh.
- Pmt: L khon thanh ton cho mi thi hn (bao gm vn v li
sut). Khng thay i trong sut thi k kinh doanh.
- Pv: Gi tr hin hnh ca khon u t. Nu b qua i s ny
th mc nh l 0.
- Type: Mc nh thi im phi tr. C hai gi tr 1 v 0.
+ Nu Type=1: Thanh ton vo u mi thi im.
+ Nu Type=0: Thanh ton vo cui mi thi im.
Hm IPMT
Hm IPMT tr v gi tr khon li thanh ton trong mt thi hn
cho.
C php: =IPMT (Rate, Per, Nper, Pv, Fv, Type)
Gii thch:
- Rate: T l li sut
- Per: Thi hn mun tm li sut.
- Nper: Tng s k hn.
- Pv: Gi tr nin khon hin nay. Khi tnh khon thanh ton vay,
Pv s hin th s khon vay.
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- Fv: Gi tr nin khong trong tng lai hay s d sau ln thanh
ton cui cng, b qua i ny th mc nh l 0.
- Type: Xc nh thi im thanh ton. C hai gi tr 1 v 0.
+ Nu Type=1: Thanh ton vo u mi thi im.
+ Nu Type=0: Thanh ton vo cui mi thi im
+ Nu b qua i ny th Excel hiu Type=0.
Hm IRR
Hm IRR s tr v t sut doanh li ni ti da trn mt lot lu
chuyn tin mt.
C php: =IRR(Values, Guess)
Gii thch:
- Values: Mt mng hay tham chiu n cc gi tr lu chuyn
tin mt.
- Guess: Kt qu c tnh. B qua gi tr ny th Excel mc nh
l 10%.
Hm ISPMT
Hm ISPMT tnh ton li sut phi tr trong mt thi gian
cho.
C php: =ISPMT(Rate, Per, Nper, Pv).
Gii thch:
- Rate: Li sut nh k.
- Per: Thi hn mun tm li sut.
- Nper: Tng s k hn.
- Pv: Gi tr nin khon hin nay. Khi tnh khon thanh ton vay,
Pv s hin th s khon vay.
Hm MIRR
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Tr v t l doanh thu ni ti cho mt lot lu chuyn tin mt.
Chc nng ny bao gm gi tr u t v tin li ca ti u t
tin mt.
C php: =MIRR( Values, Finance_rate, Reinvest_rate)
Gii thch:
- Values: Mt mng hay tham chiu n cc gi tr lu chuyn
tin mt.
- Finance_rate: Li sut phi tr cho khon tin s dng trong lu
chuyn tin mt.
- Reinvest_rate: Li sinh ra do ti u t tin mt.
Hm NPER
Hm NPER dng xc nh s thi hn cho mt khon u t
da trn mt khon chi nh k khng i v mt t l li sut
khng i.
C php: =NPER(Rate, Pmt, Pv, Fv, Type)
Gii thch:
- Rate: Li sut nh k.
- Pmt: L khon thanh ton cho mi thi hn (bao gm vn v li
sut). Khng thay i trong sut thi k kinh doanh.
- Pv: Gi tr nin khon hin ti, hay tng s gi tr t by gi
tnh cho cc khon thanh ton trong tng lai. Khi tnh khon
thanh ton vay, Pv s hin th s khon vay.
- Fv: Gi tr nin khong trong tng lai
- Type: Xc nh thi im thanh ton. C hai gi tr 1 v 0.
+ Nu Type=1: Thanh ton vo u mi thi im.
+ Nu Type=0: Thanh ton vo cui mi thi im
+ Nu b qua i ny th Excel hiu Type=0.
Hm NPV
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Hm NPV tnh gi tr hin ti ca mt khon u t. Hm ny s
dng tnh mt t l chit khu hoc chi tr trong tng lai, v
gi nh vic thanh ton vo cui k.
C php: =NPV(Rate, Value1, Value2)
Gii thch:
- Rate: Li sut nh k.
- Value1, Value2: L gi tr thanh ton mi k. Trong hm
ny bn c th s dng c 29 i s.
Hm PMT
Hm ny dng tnh khon thanh ton cho mt s tin vay.
Trong tnh ton gi s t l li sut v s chi khng i.
C php: =PMT(Rate, Nper, Pv, Fv, Type)
Gii thch:
- Rate: Li sut nh k.
- Pv: Gi tr nin khon hin nay. Khi tnh khon thanh ton vay,
Pv s hin th s khon vay.
- Fv: Gi tr nin khong trong tng lai
- Type: Xc nh thi im thanh ton. C hai gi tr 1 v 0.
+ Nu Type=1: Thanh ton vo u mi thi im.
+ Nu Type=0: Thanh ton vo cui mi thi im
+ Nu b qua i ny th Excel hiu Type=0.
Hm PPMT
Hm ny dng tnh tng khon tin phi tr trong mt k hn
cho i vi mt khon u t.
C php: =PPMT(Rate, Pen, Nper, Pv, Fv, Type)
Gii thch:
- Rate: Li sut nh k.
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- Pen: K hn tnh li sut.
- Nper: Tng s ln phi chi tr.
- Pv: Gi tr nin khon hin nay.
- Fv: Gi tr nin khong trong tng lai
- Type: Xc nh thi im thanh ton. C hai gi tr 1 v 0.
+ Nu Type=1: Thanh ton vo u mi thi im.
+ Nu Type=0: Thanh ton vo cui mi thi im
+ Nu b qua i ny th Excel hiu Type=0.
Hm PV
Hm PV dng tnh gi tr thc ca mt khon u t
C php: =PV(Rate, Nper, Pmt, Fv, Type)
Gii thch:
- Rate: Li sut nh k.
- Nper: Tng s k hn.
- Pmt: L khon thanh ton cho mi thi hn .
- Fv: Gi tr nin khong trong tng lai hay s d sau ln thanh
ton cui cng, b qua i ny th mc nh l 0.
- Type: Xc nh thi im thanh ton. C hai gi tr 1 v 0.
+ Nu Type=1: Thanh ton vo u mi thi im.
+ Nu Type=0: Thanh ton vo cui mi thi im
+ Nu b qua i ny th Excel hiu Type=0.
Hm RATE
Hm ny xc nh li sut ca mt khon vay da vo s ln
thanh ton, khon thanh ton v khon vay gc.
C php: =RATE(Nper, Pmt, Pv, Fv, Type, Guess)
Gii thch:
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- Nper: Tng s k hn.
- Pmt: L khon thanh ton cho mi thi hn .
- Pv: Gi tr nin khon hin nay. Khi tnh khon thanh ton vay,
Pv s hin th s khon vay.
- Fv: Gi tr nin khong trong tng lai hay s d sau ln thanh
ton cui cng, b qua i ny th mc nh l 0.
- Type: Xc nh thi im thanh ton. C hai gi tr 1 v 0.
+ Nu Type=1: Thanh ton vo u mi thi im.
+ Nu Type=0: Thanh ton vo cui mi thi im
+ Nu b qua i ny th Excel hiu Type=0.
- Guess: D on ca bn v li sut nh k l bao nhiu, nu b
qua i ny th Excel s mc nh l 10%.
Hm SLN
Hm SLN tr v chi ph khu hao cho mt ti sn trong khong
thi gian quy nh. Hm ny dng m hnh khu hao u ngha l
gi tr khu hao tt c vc k l nh nhau.
C php: =SLN(Cost, Salvage, Life)
Gii thch:
- Cost: Nguyn gi ti sn c nh.
- Salvage: Gi tr cn li ca ti sn sau khi khu hao.
- Life: Thi hn s dng ca ti sn.
Hm SYD
Hm SYD tr v khu hao ca mt ti sn cho mt thi hn nht
nh bng cch dng phng php tng s nm.
C php: =SYD(Cost, Salvage, Life, Per)
Gii thch:
- Cost: Gi tr ban u ca ti sn.
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- Salvage: Gi tr cn li ca ti sn sau khi khu hao.
- Life: Thi hn s dng ca ti sn.
- Per: Thi hn (s dng cng n v vi Life).
Hm VDB
Hm VDB tr v tng chi ph khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng
trong nhiu k.
C php: =VDB(Cost, Salvage, Life, Start_Period, End_Period,
factor, No_Switch)
Gii thch:
- Cost: Gi tr ban u ca ti sn.
- Salvage: Gi tr cn li ca ti sn sau khi khu hao.
- Life: Thi hn s dng ca ti sn.
- Start_Period: K hn u tin tnh chi ph khu hao.
- End_Period: K hn cui cng tnh chi ph khu hao.
- Factor: i s kim sot t sut tnh chi ph khu hao. Nu b
qua i s ny th Excel s mc nh l 2.
- No_Switch: i s ny l mt gi tr logic c hai gi tr TRUE
hoc FALSE, cho php bn dng phng php khu hao u
(ng thng) hoc khng dng.
+ Nu No_Switch=TRUE th Excel khng s dng phng php
khu hao u (ng thng).
+ Nu No_Switch=FALSE hay b qua i ny th Excel s s
dng phng php khu hao u.
5.2. Nhm hm ngy thng
Hm Date
Hm ny tr v kt qu l ngy thng c nh dng ng vi
ngy thng nm nhp vo.
C php: =DATE(Year, Month, Day)
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Gii thch:
- Year: S nm, s nm ny nm trong khong t 1990 n 1999.
- Month: S thng trong nm, nu gi tr ny ln hn 12 th Excel
t i l 12 thng =1 nm v tr v kt qu s nm + s nm
quy i v s thng trong nm.
- Day: S ngy trong thng. Nu s ny ln hn s ngy trong
thng, lc ny Excel t ng 30 hay (28, 29, 31) ngy=1
thng, v tr v kt qu l s thng+ s thng qua i v s
ngy trong thng.
Hm DATEVALUE
Hm ny tr v s th t (vi ngy 1 thng 1 nm 1900 l s th
t 1, ngy 2/1/1900 l ngy s th 2, ngy 1/2/1900 l ngy
th 32) ca chui ngy nhp.
C php: =DATEVALUE(Date_text)
Gii thch:
- Date_text: L chui ngy thng mun chuyn thnh s th t.
Bn c th nhp th vo ngy 17/07/2006 l ngy th bao nhiu
ng vi hm trn.
Hm DAY
Tr v gi tr ngy ca d liu loi ngy thng nm, chui s c
th l mt chui vn bn chng hn: "4- 5- 03" hoc "15- Apr-
1995", Excel s t ng chuyn thnh d liu ngy thng nm.
C php: =DAY(Serial_number)
Gii thch:
- Serial_number: L gi tr ngy, tham chiu cha ngy thng
hay vn bn trong cp du ngoc.
Hm HOUR
Hm ny c tc dng tr v gi tr gi.
C php: =HOUR(Serial_number)
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Gii thch:
- Serial_number: L gi tr gi, tham chiu . Bn nhp gi pht,
giy hm ny s tr v gi tr gi c a vo.
Hm MINUTE
Hm ny c tc dng tr v gi tr pht.
C php: =MUNITE(Serial_number)
Gii thch:
- Serial_number: L gi tr gi, tham chiu . Bn nhp gi pht,
giy hm ny s tr v gi tr gi c a vo.
Hm MONTH
Hm ny tr v gi tr thng ca d liu loi ngy thng nm
C php: =MONTH(Serial_number)
Gii thch:
- Serial_number: L gi tr gi, tham chiu . Bn nhp gi pht,
giy hm ny s tr v gi tr gi c a vo.
Hm NOW
Hm ny tr v ngy gi hin hnh trong h thng my ti v tr
hin hnh.
C php: =NOW(). Hm ny khng c i s.
Hm SECOND
Hm ny tr v gi tr giy ti hin hnh
C php: =SECOND(Serial_number)
Gii thch:
- Serial_number: L gi tr gi, tham chiu . Bn nhp gi pht,
giy hm ny s tr v gi tr gi c a vo.
Hm TIME
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Hm ny tr v gi tr gi pht giy ti hin hnh, vi cc gi
tr c nhp trong nhng i ca hm.
C php: =TIME(Hour, Munite. Second)
Gii thch:
- Hour: Gi tr ch gi.
- Munite: L gi tr ch pht. Nu s ny ln hn 60 th Excel s
t ng chuyn i 60 pht =1 gi. Kt qu tr v l gi tr s ch
gi + s gi quy i v gi tr s pht sau khi i.
- Second: L gi tr ch giy. Nu s ny ln hn 60 Excel s t
ng chuyn i 60 giy=1 pht. Kt qu tr v l gi tr s ch
pht + s pht quy i v gi tr s giy sau khi i.
Hm TODAY
Hm ny tr v gi tr ngy thng nm hin hnh ti c kch
hot. Nhng ch cho bit ngy thng nm khng hi gi pht
giy.
C php: =TODAY() Hm ny khng c i s.
Hm WEEKDAY
Hm ny tr v gi tr th trong tun (s nguyn) ti hin hnh
ca d liu c nhp vo l loi ngy thng nm.
C php: =WEEKDAY(Serial_number, Return_type)
Gii thch:
- Serial_number: Cha gi tr ngy thng nm, n c th l chui
vn bn hay mt dng khc ca ngy thng nm, chng hn: "4-
29- 03" hoc "29- Apr- 2003" vi cc dng ny Excel s t ng
chuyn sang dng ngy thng nm.
- Return_type: i ny quyt nh cch biu din kt qu, c ba
gi tr 1, 2 v 3 biu din kt qu nh sau:
+ Nu nhp vo gi tr s 1 cho i Return_type: Excel quy nh
s 1 alf ch nht, s 2 l th hai s 7 l th by.
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+ Nu nhp vo gi tr s 2 cho i Return_type: Excel quy nh
s 1 l th hai, s 2 l th ba s 7 l ch nht.
+ Nu nhp vo gi tr s 3 cho i Return_type: Excel quy nh
s 0 l th hai, s 1 l th ba s 6 l ch nht.
+ Nu b qua i ny th Excel hiu l gi tr s 1.
Hm YEAR
Hm ny tr v gi tr nm, ti hin hnh ca loi d liu l
ngy thng nm.
C php: =YEAR(Serial_number)
Gii thch:
- Serial_number: Cha gi tr ngy thng nm, n c th l chui
vn bn hay mt dng khc ca ngy thng nm, chng hn: "9-
15- 03" hoc "15- Sep- 2003" vi cc dng ny Excel s t ng
chuyn sang dng ngy thng nm.
5.3. Nhm hm tm kim v tham chiu
Hm HLOOKUP
Hm ny c cng dng l tm trong hng trn cng ca bng v tr
v mt gi tr trong hng trn cng, vi s kim tra ct tng ng
ca gi tr c tr v tho mn iu kin.
C php: = HLOOKUOP ( lookup_value, Table_array, Row_
index_num , Range_lookup)
Gii thch:
- Lookup_value: Gi tr cn tm kim.
- Table_array: L mng, tn, dy hay vng tm kim thng tin.
- Row_index_num: Th t ca hng cn tm
- Range_lookup: L gi tr Logic (TRUE=1, FALSE=0) quyt
nh hm s so chnh xc hay tng i vi i s
Lookup_value.
+ Nu Range_lookup=1 (TRUE): So tng i.
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+ Nu Range_lookup=0 (FALSE): So chnh xc.
+ Nu b qua i ny th Excel hiu l Range_lookup =1.
Hm INDEX
Hm INDEX c hai chc nng sau:
- Chc nng mng v chc nng tham chiu .
C php: =INDEX(Array, Row_num, Column_num)
Gii thch:
+ Array: L mng c xc nh trc.
+ Row_num: S hng trong mng.
+ Column_num: S ct trong mng.
- Chc nng tham chiu
Dng tm phn t trong a ch hay dy ti dng v ct bn
qui nh, kt qu tr v l ni dung hay a ch ca trong
bng.
C php: =INDEX (Reference, Row_num, Column_num, Area_num)
Gii thch:
+ Reference: L mt dy hay nhiu dy gi l khu vc (Area) ni
dung khu vc c th l cc con s, chui, cng thc.
+ Row_num: S hng trong bng.
+ Column_num: S ct trong bng.
+ Area_num: i s ny dng nhn din tng khu vc, chng
hn s 1 l khu vc u
Hm MATCH
Hm ny tr v v tr ca gi tr tho mn iu kin cho trc.
C php:
= MATCH(Lookup_valua, Lookup_array, Match_type)
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Gii thch:
- Lookup_valua: L gi tr tm trong bng cho trc.
- Lookup_array: L bng gii hn tm gi tr.
- Match_type: L i s nhn mt trong ba gi tr 1, 0, v -1, n
quyt nh so snh i Lookup_valua nh th no.
+ Nu Match_tyoe = -1: Tm (tm trong bng) s ln hn gn
nht hay bng s cho, v iu kin trong bng d liu phi
c sp xp theo th t gim dn.
+ Nu Match_type = 0: Tm (tm trong bng) s bng s cho.
+ Nu Match_type = 1: Tm (tm trong bng) s nh hn gn
nht hay bng s cho, v iu kin trong bng d liu phi
c sp xp theo th t tng dn.
+ Nu b qua i ny, Excel hiu Match_type = 1.
Hm VLOOKUP
Hm ny thc hin tm gi tr c ch nh trong i
Lookup_value, v tm ct u tin trong bng cho trc. Kt
qu l giao ca hng va tm vi ct ch nh trong i
Col_index_num.
C php:
=VLOOKUP(Lookup_value, Table_array, Col_index_ num,
Range_lookup)
Gii thch:
- Lookup_value: Gi tr cn tm trong ct th nht ca bng gii
hn.
- Table_array: Bng gii hn d tm.
- Col_index_num: S th t ct trong bng gii hn tr v kt
qu.
- Range_lookup: L gi tr Logic (TRUE=1, FALSE=0) quyt
nh so chnh xc hay so tng i vi bng gii hn.
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+ Nu Range_lookup = 1 (TRUE): So tng i.
+ Nu Range_lookup = 0 (FALSE): So chnh xc.
+ Nu b qua i ny th Excel hiu l Range_lookup = 1.
5.4. Nhm hm thng k
Hm AVERAGE
Hm ny tr v gi tr trung bnh cng ca cc s.
C php: =AVERAGE(Number1, Number2, )
Gii thch:
- Number1, Number2, L cc s, a ch hay dy , cng
thc. Trong hm ny bn c th dng n 30 i.
Hm COUNT
m s trong dy , m cc c cha s hoc ngy thng cn
cc kiu d liu khc khng m.
C php: =COUNT(Value1, Value2, )
Gii thch:
- Value1, Value2, C th l nhng gi tr s, a ch hay dy
, cng thc. Trong hm ny bn s dng ti a l 30 i s.
Hm COUTA
m s trong dy , m cc c ni dung bt k.
C php: =COUNTA(Value1, Value2, )
Gii thch:
- Value1, Value2, C th l nhng gi tr s, a ch hay dy
, cng thc.
Hm MAX
Hm ny tr v gi tr ln nht ca cc s.
C php: =MAX(Number1, Number2, )
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Gii thch:
- Number1, Number2, C th l gi tr s, a ch hay dy ,
cng thc.
Hm MIN
Hm ny tr v gi tr nh nht ca cc s.
C php: =MIN(Number1, Number2, )
Gii thch:
- Number1, Number2, C th l gi tr s, a ch hay dy ,
cng thc.
Hm MODE
Hm ny tr v s no xut hin nhiu nht trong dy s cho.
Nu trong dy s khng c s no xut hin ln th hai th hm
s tr v thng bo li.
C php: =MODE(Number1, Number2, )
C php:
- Number1, Number2, C th l gi tr s, a ch hay dy ,
cng thc.
Hm RANK
Hm ny tr v th hng ca mt s trong dy cho trc.
C php: =RANK(Number, Ref, Order)
Gii thch:
- Number: L s mun xem th hng.
- Ref: Mt mng, a ch hay dy c cha s mun tm th
hng.
- Order: i ny c gi tr s 0 v 1, qui nh cch xp th hng.
+ Nu Order=1: Excel s sp xp th hng theo th t t nh n
ln.
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+ Nu Order=0: Excel s sp xp th hng theo th t t ln n
nh.
+ Nu b qua i ny th Excel s hiu Order = 0.
5.5. Nhm hm x l chui
Hm LEFT
Hm ny tr v s k t bn tri ca chui cho trc i Text.
C php: =LEFT(Text, Num_chars)
Gii thch:
- Text: L chui vn bn ly k t.
- Num_chars: L tng s k t cn ly ra (s nguyn).
Hm LEN
Hm ny tr v chiu di ca chui k t, mt khong trng c
xem nh mt k t.
C php: =LEN(Text)
Gii thch:
- Text: L chui vn bn cn tnh chiu di.
Hm LOWER
Hm ny c tc dng chuyn tt c cc ch hoa thnh ch
thng.
C php: =LOWER(Text)
Gii thch:
- Text: L chui cn chuyn i thnh ch thng.
Hm MID
Hm ny c cng dng chn v ly ra cc k t trong chui cho
trc. K t u c ly ra cn c vo i Sbnrt_num v tip
tc ly k t k tip cho n khi s k t ly ra bng i
Num_chars th kt thc.
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C php: =MID(Text, Sbnrt_num, Num_chars)
Gii thch:
- Text: L chui ly cc k t.
- Start_num: L v tr bt u ly k t.
- Num_chars: Tng s k t cn ly ra.
Hm PROPER
Hm ny c tc dng chuyn chui bt k sang dng cc ch ci
u trong mt t thnh ch hoa.
C php: =PROPER(Text)
Gii thch:
- Text: L chui vn bn cn chnh sa.
Hm REPT
Hm ny tr v chui k t c lp nhiu ln.
C php: =REPT(Text, Number_times)
Gii thch:
- Text: l chui k t mun lp li
- Number_times: L s ln lp ca chui Text.
Hm RIGHT
Hm ny tng t hm LEFT nhng n ly k t bn phi ca
chui k t.
C php: =RIGHT(Text, Num_chars)
Gii thch:
- Text: L chui vn bn ly k t.
- Num_chars: L tng s k t cn ly ra (s nguyn).
Hm TEXT
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Hm ny chuyn kiu d liu s hay ngy thng thnh kiu d
liu chui theo mt nh dng cho trc.
C php: =TEXT(Value, Format_text)
Gii thch:
- Value: L gi tr s, tham chiu cha s hay cng thc tr v
s.
- Format_text: i ny dng xc nh chui kt qu hin th
nh th no? C th dng cc k hiu nh dng cho chui.
Hm UPPER
Hm ny chuyn chui vn bn bt k thnh chui hoa.
C php: =UPPER(Text)
Gii thch:
- Text: L chui vn bn hay tham chiu cha chui vn bn
cn chuyn thnh ch hoa.
Hm VALUE
Hm ny chuyn chui s thnh gi tr s.
C php: =VALUE(Text)
Gii thch:
- Text: L chui s mun chuyn sang dng gi tr s.
5.6. Nhm hm lun l
Hm AND
Hm ny tr v gi tr TRUE nu tt c cc i s ng vi iu
kin, ngc li ch cn mt i s sai th hm s tr v FALSE.
C php: =AND(Logical1, Logical2, )
Gii thch:
- Logical1, Logical2, L cc i s biu din tng iu kin
bn c th s dng ti a 30 i.
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Hm FALSE
Hm ny tr v gi tr FALSE, bn c th thay th bng cch
nhp gi tr ny bng bn phm.
C php: =FALSE() hm ny khng c i s.
Hm IF
Hm ny dng la chn mt trong hai, kim tra iu kin
i Logical_test nu ng th tr v i Value_if_true, ngc li
sai tr v i Value_if_false.
C php: =IF(Logical_test, Value_if_true, Value_if_false)
Gii thch:
- Logical_test: L iu kin cho trc bt k, iu kin ny phi
tr v TRUE hay =1 hoc FALSE hay =0.
- Value_if_true: i s ny l bt k, n c th hin nu kim
tra iu kin i Logical_test l ng (TRUE hay =1).
- Value_if_false: i s ny l bt k, n c th hin nu kim
tra iu kin i Logical_test l sai (FALSE hay =0).
Hm NOT
Hm NOT ly ph nh mt iu kin trong i Logical v n tr
v kt qu mt gi tr Logic TRUE=1 (ng) hoc FALSE=0
(sai).
C php: =NOT(Logical)
Gii thch:
- Logical: L gi tr biu thc lun l bt k c th nh gi
TRUE hay FALSE.
Hm OR
Hm OR tr v hai gi tr l TRUE hoc FALSE. Hm ny ch
cn mt i ng tr v TRUE, tt c cc i u sai tr v
FALSE.
C php: =OR(Logical1, Logical2, )
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Gii thch:
- Logical1, Logical2, L mt s hay mt iu kin no c
th l TRUE hoc FALSE. Trong hm ny bn c th s dng
n 30 i.
Hm TRUE
Hm ny tr v tr TRUE, bn c th thay th bng cch nhp gi
tr ny t bn phm.
C php: =TRUE() Hm ny khng c i s.
5.7. Hm ton hc v lng gic
Hm ABS
Hm ny ly gi t tuyt i ca mt s v cho kt qu ti hin
hnh.
C php: =ABS(Number)
Gii thch:
- Number: L s hay a ch cn ly gi tr tuyt i.
Hm CEILING
Lm trn mt s theo hng tng n s gn nht hay mt bi s
gn nht ca mt s c ngha.
C php: =CEILING(Number, Significance)
Gii thch:
- Number: L gi tr s (tham chiu cha s hay cng thc tr
v s) mun lm trn.
- Significance: L gi tr bi s m bn mun lm trn.
Hm EVEN
Hm ny c tc dng lm trn ln s nguyn chn gn nht.
C php: =EVEN(Number)
Gii thch:
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- Number: L gi tr s mun lm trn.
Hm FACT
Hm ny tnh giai tha ca mt s.
C php: =FACT(Number)
Gii thch:
- Number: L s cn tnh giai tha.
Hm FLOOR
Hm ny lm trn xung bi s cho gn nht v tin n 0
C php: =FLOOR(Number, Significance)
Gii thch:
- Number: L s bn mun lm trn.
- Significance: L bi s mun lm trn n.
Hm INT
Hm ny tr v gi tr l phn nguyn ca mt s thc v n lm
trn xung ca s thc
C php: =INT(Number)
Gii thch:
- Number: L s cn lm trn.
Hm MOD
Hm ny tr v phn d ca php chia.
C php: =MOD(Number, Divisor)
Gii thch:
- Number: S b chia.
- Divior: S chia (phi khc 0, nu l s 0 Excel bo li).
Hm SQRT
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Hm ny c tc dng tnh cn bc hai ca mt s.
C php: =SQRT(Number)
Gii thch:
Number: L s dng ln hn 0 cn tnh cn bc hai, nu s ny
l s m hm tr v li.
Hm SUM
Hm ny tr v tng ca mt chui s.
C php: =SUM(Number1, Number2,)
Gii thch:
- Number1, Number2, c th l nhng gi tr s, cng thc, a
ch hay dy trong hm ny c th ly ti 30 i s.
Hm SUMIF
Hm ny tr v mt gi tr l tng ca mt dy trong hm tho
iu kin.
C php: =SUMIF(Range, Criteria, Sum_range)
Gii thch:
- Range: L dy thc hin vic kim tra theo tiu chun no
.
- Criteria: L mt s, biu thc hay chui xc nh ci no cn
tnh tng v i ny da trn i Range kim tra.
- Sum_range: Dy c tnh tng.
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Bi 6 In n
6.1. nh dng trang in
Bn cn nh dng cho trang in trc khi thc hin vic in
bng mt trong hai cch sau y:
Cch 1: S dng thanh cng c Ribbon
- T thanh cng c Ribbon bn nhp chn Tab Page Layout
- Orientation: Chn chiu cho trang giy in, nhp chn lnh
ny chng ta s c hai la chn Portrait (in theo chiu dc ca
kh giy) v Landscape (in theo chiu ngang ca kh giy)
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- Size: Chn kh giy cho trang in, bn nhp chn lnh ny
mt danh sch lit k cc kh giy xut hin, thng thng
chng ta chn kh giy A4 in cc vn bn. Ngoi nhng
mu c sn bn cng c th chn More page size ty chnh
kh giy theo yu cu s dng
Biu
M Cng dng
tng
Vi cch ny vn bn s c in tt c cc trang ra my in mc
nh trn my tnh. Vi vn bn cha nhiu ni dung bn khng
nn s dng cch ny v d dn n tnh trng my in b hc giy
gia trng v in qu nhiu trang cng mt lc.
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Cch 2: Nhp t hp phm Ctrl + P hoc nhp chn nt Office
Button. Ca s Office Button xut hin bn chn mc Print.