STEEL PENSTOCK LOSSES & THICKNESS CALCULATION

SITE NAME Sample

Quantity Symbol Unit

PENSTOCK LOSS CALCULATIONS
Input Data
Flow Q 70 l/s
Gross head Hg 22 m
Penstock length L 60 m
Penstock internal diameter d 190 mm
Calculations
Q
Velocity in penstock V =1273
, 2 = 2.47 m/s
d
V 2 . L 1
H f = 12 8 2 =
d
Friction head loss in penstock m log 1 1 1.81 m
+
37d (93 8 V .d ) 09

Net head at end of penstock Hn = Hg Hf = 20.2 m
Hn
pen = 100 =
Penstock efficiency Hg 91.8 %

PENSTOCK THICKNESS CALCULATIONS

Input Data
Penstock thickness t 2.5 mm
% of flow stopped z 50 %
Valve closure time Tclose 4 s
Corrosion allowance tcor 1.5 mm
Overall safety factor SFtot 4
Calculations
21108 .t
Wave velocity in penstock Vwave = = 1092 m/s
(100t + d)
2L
Penstock critical time Tcrit = = 0.11 s
V wave
V . z.V
Surge head for Tclose Tcrit H surge = wave = - m
980
OR
2
L. z .V
For Tclose Tcrit K c = = 0.01
980 H g . Tclose

K K2
Surge head for Tclose Tcrit Hsurge = Hg . c + Kc + c = 1.97 m
2 4
Total head at surge H to t = H su rg e + H g = 24 m
Htot .d. SFtot
treq = + tcor =
Required penstock thickness 83700
, 1.72 mm

hydro specs/ibex/version: pen.2feb98 PENSTEEL 1

 Values of Constants Used
Gravity g 9.8 m/s
Bulk modulus of water Kw 2.1 kN/mm2
Density of water ro 1000 kg/m3
Kinematic viscosity of water (5C) nu 1.53 cSt
Penstock roughness coefficient k 0.1 mm 2
Penstock Young's Modulus Ep 210 kN/mm
Penstock UTS ult 410 N/mm2

hydro specs/ibex/version: pen.2feb98 PENSTEEL 2