Phn mm tnh ton li in

Power System Analysis Software - PSAS

Ng Ngc Thnh1, L Minh Tn1, Nguyn Ngc Trung2, Nguyn ng Ton2
1
Lp 1H3 Trng i hc in Lc
2
Khoa H thng in Trng i hc in lc
S 235 Hong Quc Vit T Lim H Ni
e-mail: thanhnn_cntt@epu.edu.vn

Tm tt: H thng in (HT) ni chung rt phc tp, nhiu thit hc cn mang nng tnh l thuyt, cc trang b v vt cht phc
b, tri rng trn khng gian rng ln. phc v thit k v v ging dy cn thiu v c bit l sau khi hc xong, phn
vn hnh HT ta cn gii nhanh bi ton tnh ch xc lp ca ln sinh vin vn cn m h, cha hiu r rng dn n vic
HT. Do cn phi p dng cc cng c h tr hiu qu l lin h t bi ging n thc t cha t hiu qu cao.
cc phn mm tnh ton li in. C rt nhiu phn mm tnh
ton HT nh PSS/ADEPT, PSS/E, PowerWorldnhng nhng Qua thc trng dy v hc hin nay, vi nhng bi ton
phn mm trn i hi phi c bn quyn, giao din ting anh v li in n gin th cng vic tnh ton c th thc hin bng
gi ca chng rt t. S ph bin ca nhng phn mm ti tay cn i vi HT phc tp gm nhiu ngun, nhiu ph ti
ngi dng l kh kh khn. Chnh v vy nhm tc gi tin vi cu trc li bt k th vic tnh ton bng tay khng th
hnh nghin cu xy dng mt phn mm m (PSAS). Phn thc hin c. Khi cn c phn mm tnh ton. Chnh v
mm c thit k n gin, d s dng, thn thin vi ngi vy, vic xy dng mt phn mm tnh ton ch xc lp ca
dng. Cc tnh ton ch ra rng phn mm c chnh xc li in st vi nhu cu dy v hc trong nh trng lun l
cao, tc tnh ton nhanh c th c ng dng trong ging vn cp thit. T , nhm tc gi xy dng v pht trin
dy v thc t. Phn mm tnh ton li in phc v vic hc tp, ng
dng v tham kho phn mm cho sinh vin ti trng i hc
Abstract: Power systems are complicated, highly interconnected, in Lc. Chng trnh PSAS c thc hin trn nn
many devices, large dimension in space. In order to design and ngn ng Microsoft_Visual studio 2008, vi nhng tnh nng
operate power systems in secure and safety, we need to solve quickly v x l ha, v tnh ton nhanh cc thut ton.
the loadflow problem. Therefore, effective tools -the so-called
power system software- must be employed. There are many famous II. PHN MM TNH TON LI IN - PSAS
power system analysis tools such as PSS/ADEPT, PSS/E,
PowerWorld, EMTP-RV however, they almost are licensed A. Cc thut ton s dng trong phn mm PSAS
require, English interface and expensiveness. That prevents these Tm quan trng ca bi ton tnh ton ch xc lp
soft-wares from being popularity to teachers and students. In this trong li in phc v cng tc quy hoch li in, lp
paper, the authors have studied and built an opened-source tool
k hoch vn hnh v iu khin HT.
(PSAS) for calculation of loadflow. The software is simply designed
base, easily use, and friendly interface. Application for some cases C rt nhiu phng php tnh bi ton xc lp ca HT.
has shown the promising and reliable results that can be applied in Trong phn mm s dng hai thut ton c bn l Gauss-
teaching and reality. Seidel v Newton-Raphson. ng thi kt hp cc u im
ca c hai phng php tnh ton tro lu cng sut mt
Key word: PSAS, HT, LF cch nhanh chng v chnh xc.

I. T VN 1. Phng php lp Gauss-Seidel

Ngy nay, vi s pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh thng Bi ton dn n gii h phng trnh
tin, cc phn mm phc v cho ngnh in c pht trin YU J (1-1)
mnh m, cc phn mm m phng, tnh ton HT tng Dng nt Ji c cho trc, y l h phng trnh
bc gip sinh vin c ci nhn tt hn, hiu r hn v nhng tuyn tnh, dng khai trin ( vi gi thit nt 0 l nt cn bng )
g mnh c hc. l :
Cc phn mm m phng, tnh ton trong HT hin nay Y11U1 Y12U 2 ... Y1nU n J1
gn nh u c xut x t nc ngoi dn n vic cc sinh
Y21U1 Y22U 2 ... Y2 nU n J 2
vin kh tip cn, p dng c vi nhng bi hc trn lp n (1-2)
gin. Mt khc, chi ph mua bn quyn phn mm rt ln. ..............................................
Chnh v vy s ph bin cha nhiu. Yn1U1 Yn 2U 2 ... YnnU n J n
Hin nay, trong phng php dy v hc cc mn chuyn Trong in p U i ly gi tr pha.
ngnh HT c nhng s thay i t nhiu so vi trc y
song hiu qu dy hc vn cn cha cao. Phn ln cc mn

1
 Ni dung ca phng php G-S l : bit U i k ca vng
2. Phng php lp Newton-Raphson
lp K ta tnh c U i k 1 ca vng lp K+1 theo cc phng
Bi ton dn n gii h phng trnh phi tuyn dng
trnh kia
W(X)=0.

U1k 1 J1 Y12U 2 k ... Y1nU n k / Y
11
Phng php Newton gii h trn dn n gii h
phng trnh tuyn tnh:

U 2 J 2 Y21U1k ... Y2 nU n k
k 1
/ Y 22 ( w( X )
(l )
X (l 1) W ( X (l ) ) (2-1)
(1-3) X
....................................................... V xc nh:
k 1

U n J n Yn1U1k ... Yn.n 1U n 1k / Ynn
X(l+1) = X(l) + X(l+1) (2-2)
Qu trnh gii c coi l hi t v kt thc, nu vi k:
k 2
Dng kt qu bc k+ 1 tnh U i cho n khi kt |k(X(l))| (2-3)
qu U i ca 2 vng lp k nhau khng sai khc nhau qu sai s Trong k l thnh phn th k ca vect hm W(X)
l chnh xc c chn
cho php th dng tnh, cho trc ty U i0 ban u tnh Vic thnh lp h phng trnh phi tuyn m t ch
bc 1. xc lp HT c th da trn cc phng trnh cn bng cng
Nghim tng qut ca phng trnh nh sau: sut tc dng v phn khng cc nt i:
P jQ i 1 n Pi = Pi U2iqi - P 0

ij
U i i k i YijU j k 1
k 1
YijU j k / Yii (1-4) jS (i )
Ui (2-4)


j 1 j i 1
Qi = Qi U ibi -
2
Qij 0
Qu trnh gii c coi l hi t v kt thc, nu vi k:
jS ( i )
U U
k k 1
(1-5) y Pi, Qi l cc cng sut tc dng v phn khng
ca ngun hoc ph ti nt i.
l chnh xc c chn qi,bi l cc in dn tc dng v phn khng i vi t,
c ni nt i.
S(i) l tp hp s hiu cc nt k vi nt i.
Pij, Qij l cc cng sut tc dng v phn khng truyn
ti trn nhnh t nt i n nt j.

Hnh 1: S khi thut ton Gauss

c im: Kh nng hi t cao nhng tc hi t
chm.

Hnh 2: S khi thut ton Newton

2
 c im: Kh nng hi t km nhng tc hi t
nhanh. S hi t ph thuc rt nhiu vo im d on ban
u.
Trong phn mm nhm tc gi s dng hai phng
php lp trn xy dng. Ngoi ra cn c cc phng php
tnh ton ch xc lp ca li in nh:
- Phng php tch bin v tch bin nhanh.
- Phng php tuyn tnh ha v phng php dng in
mt chiu.
- Phng php ma trn tng tr Z.
3. Tnh cc thng s khc ca mng in
Sau khi tnh c in p cc nt ca mng in ta tin
hnh tnh cc thng s ca mng in nh dng in v cng
sut chy trn ng dy, tn tht cng sut trn ng dy v
ton mng in theo cng thc sau:
Ui U j
I ij .Yij
3
Sij 3.Ui .Iij
Sij Sij S ji
S
S ij
B. Gii thiu v PSAS
Giao din chnh ca chng trnh
Hnh 3: Giao din chnh ca phn mm
Chng trnh c xy dng da trn ngn ng lp trnh
Microsoft Visual Studio 2010.
1. Cc khi chc nng ni bt ca phn mm
* Khi tnh ton:
Chng trnh tnh ton c li in bao gm nhiu
nt, nhiu ngun, vi cu trc li phc tp bt k, cho kt
qu chnh xc 100% so vi gio hc v chnh xc 98-99% so
vi thc t.
- Tnh ton phn b dng cng sut trong li in.
- Tnh ton in p cc nt.
- Tnh ton phn b dng din trn ng dy.
- Tnh ton tn tht cng sut trong li in.
- B cng sut phn khng cho tng nt.
* Khi d liu v phng php tnh ton, hin th:
- Nhp d liu a dng, nhiu cch ph hp vi mc ch
s dng.
- Th vin dy dn v my bin p a dng, st vi thc
t.
- Phng php tnh ton a dng (theo Gauss v Newton
hoc c 2 phng php).
- Vi nhp d liu kiu trc quan v bng tnh, kt qu
a ra c th v m phng mng in ngi s dng va
nhp.
- Vi nhp d liu kiu v s , kt qu hin th trc tip
ln s li in, c th chy tro lu cng sut, rt d
quan st.
- D liu v kt qu c th lu li.
2. Cc chc nng ca phn mm
* Chc nng th vin:
(3-1)
(3-2) Hnh 4: Giao din chnh th vin MBA
Modun th vin l khi chc nng cha ng ton b
(3-3)
cc vn v b th vin ngi dng. T vic xem, sa cha
(3-4) v nhp thm cc d liu mi cho th vin, cho n vic tra
cu v in n cc d liu ca th vin. B th vin ngi dng
lc u c sn mt s d liu, mi ch l cc d liu, v d
cha y , v cng c th l cha chnh xc. Cho nn ngi
dng cn phi kim tra v sa cha li trc khi dng. B th
vin ngi dng cng y bao nhiu, th kh nng tnh ton
ca phn mm li cng phong ph by nhiu.
* Chc nng nhp d liu v tnh ton:
Bao gm 3 cch nhp d liu: Trc quan, bng tnh v v
s li in.
Tnh ton ch xc lp
M t: Dng gii tch ch xc lp ca li in
phn phi bao gm mt ngun (nt cn bng) v h thng cc
nt ph ti.
D liu u vo:
- S nt n (khng bao gm nt cn bng).
- in p nt cn bng (Ucb).
- in p li in (U dy).
- Chn chnh xc theo sai s hoc s bc lp (thut
ton Gaus-Seidel v newton).
- Chn s ch s lm trn.
- S liu ca mt ng dy bao gm: Nt u, nt cui,
loi dy (thng s ng dy t ng ly t th vin), s
l v chiu di.
- Ph ti ca nt gm 2 kiu nhp:
Dng S = a + jb (s phc)
Dng P v Cos
- Thng s trm bin p tng nt: Loi MBA, S my,
in p h th (thng s MBA t ng ly t th vin).
- B cng sut phn khng: Khi lng b cng sut.
- Thng s nt PV bao gm: Qmax, Qmin, P v |V|.
- in p t ban u cho tng nt (c th c hoc
khng).
Kt qu tnh ton ca chng trnh:
- Ma trn tng dn ca mng in.
- in p ti cc nt.
3
 - Dng in chy trn ng dy. i dy gia 2 nt
- Dng in trn u, cui ng dy.
- Cng sut trn u, cui ng dy.
- Tn tht cng sut dc trn ng dy.
- Cng sut vo ra ca tng nt.
- Tn tht cng sut t nt u n nt cui ng dy.
- Tng tn tht cng sut trong mng in.
III. HNG DN S DNG
Hnh 8: Nhp cc thng s v ng dy
A. Phng php V s : Kt qu c 1 li in.
Nhp U dy cho ton mng in :

Hnh 4: Nhp thng s U dy

Sau khi nhp U dy, s liu v ng dy v my bin p
s c ly trong th vin vi cng mt cp in p. Hnh 9: S li in minh ha
Nhp in p nt cn bng: Tnh ch xc lp cho mng in c kt qu v tro
lu cng sut ca mng in:

Hnh 5: Nhp thng s in p nt cn bng

Nhp thng s nt P-V:

Hnh 10: Hin th kt qu v tro lu cng sut

Trn y l hng dn s dng vn tt ca phng php
v s . tm hiu chi tit v cch s dng ca nhng
phng php cn li th mi c gi truy cp a ch
http://www.mediafire.com/?y9wq9y5yc2vao2t download v
tm hiu hng dn s dng i km trong phn mm.
IV. KT QU SO SNH
Hnh 6: Nhp thng s nt PV
Nhp thng s nt ph ti: A. So snh vi Loadflow
Cho mt HT in hnh gm 9 nt trong bao gm c
mch nhnh v mch vng, c s nh hnh v sau:

Hnh 11: S ni in
Hnh 7: Nhp cc thng s nt ph ti Ta tnh ch xc lp ca v d trn bng phn mm
PSAS v phn mm LOADFLOW.

4
 Phn mm LOADFLOW mt chng trnh do chnh tc Bng II: SO SNH IN P NT
gi Trn Tn Li vit. c sinh vin ca ngnh H thng U (kV) U (kV) Sai s
in s dng, tnh ton cho cc li in thc t ca mt s Nt
(PSAS) (POWERWORLD) (%)
tnh thnh ca khu vc pha Bc Vit Nam nh H Ni, Hi 0 1.05 1.05 0
Dng, Ninh Bnh, H Ty, Ho Bnh.... cho nhng kt qu
1 0.9717 0.9717 0
kh chnh xc trong vic lm thit k tt nghip. Phn mm
2 1.04 1.04 0
thng mi c cc cng ty in lc trong mt s tnh tin
dng nh Cng ty in lc H Ni (thng 7 nm 2003); in Bng III: SO SNH CNG SUT PHN KHNG
lc H Nam (thng 3 nm 2004); in lc H Ty (thng 8 TI NT P-V
nm 2004); in lc Quang Ninh (thng 9 nm 2004). Q (Mvar) Q (Mvar)
Ta c bng kt qu so snh nh sau: Nt Sai s (%)
(PSAS) (POWERWORLD)
Bng I: SO SNH KT QU TNH TON
0 - - -
in p (kV) 1 - - -
Nt
PSAS Loadflow 2 146.1748 146.13 0.030658
0 11 11
1 10.99332 10.993 V. KT LUN
2 10.99044 10.990 Bi bo gii thiu v phn mm PSAS ng dng trong
3 10.98923 10.989 gii bi ton tro lu cng sut. Cc kt qu tnh ton ch ra
4 10.98884 10.989 c u im ca chng trnh l chnh xc, tc
5 10.9888 10.989 nhanh. Do PSAS c th phc v cho vic hc tp, v ng
dng lm v d minh ha tnh ton trong ging dy, tham
6 10.99263 10.993 kho, s dng phn mm cho sinh vin ti trng i hc
7 10.98903 10.989 in Lc v cng c th p dng trong thc t vi vic tnh
8 10.98876 10.989 ton ch xc lp cho mt s mng li in n gin.
B. So snh vi PowerWorld Cc phin bn tip theo ca chng trnh s tp trung
vo cc bi ton c bn ca h thng in nh phn b ti u
Phn mm Powerworld l mt trong nhng phn mm cng sut vi cc rng buc, tnh ton ngn mch lm
ni ting dng tnh ton tro lu cng sut, ti u ha dng cho chng trnh hon thin hn na.
cng sut, nghin cu n nh in p qua vic phn tch
ng cong PV, QV... VI. TI LIU THAM KHO
PowerWorld Simulator (Simulator) l gi cng c c [1]. P.V.Ha, T.Bch, N.N.Trung, Ti liu phc v mn li 2, ln 1, Gio
thit k d s dng, giao din thn thin. Cng c khng trnh ging dy trng i hc in Lc, 2008.
nhng chng t tnh u vit trong vic phn tch HT m [2]. T.Bch, Li in v HT, NXB Khoa hc k thut, ln th 6, 2008.
[3]. Hafi Sadat, Power System Analysis, the McGraw-Hill companies, 1999.
cn c tnh minh ha, d hiu c bit cho nhng k s khng
[4]. Lynn Powell Power Sytem Load Flow Analysis, the McGraw-Hill
phi l chuyn ngnh h thng in. Cho nn rt hu dng companies, 2004.
trong vic ging dy v nghin cu. Vi nhiu tnh nng mi, [5]. Trn Tn Li, Phn mm Loadflow version 7.04, 2010.
d s dng, giao din d gn cho ngi s dng, phin bn [6]. Nguyn ng Ton, nh gi vic ng dng cc phn mm tnh ton h
hin nay 15.0 l mt sn phm bao gm nhiu modul khc thng in trong trng i hc in lc ti cp trng HL nm
nhau. Vi li ca chng trnh l mt gii php tnh ton tro 2009.
lu cng sut mt cch tin cy, cho php gii bi ton n [7]. Powerworld manual use- 2010, http://www.powerworld.com
100.000 nt, v hiu qu nh mt gi chng trnh n nht
gii quyt nhiu bi ton khc nhau. Khng ging nh mt VII. TC GI
s chng trnh thng mi khc, Powerworld cho php ngi
dng quan st cc thit b, hay ch lm vic qua cc mu Ng Ngc Thnh sinh nm 1988 ti Hi Dng, tt nghip
khc nhau. Vic thay i cc thng s ca HT nh my pht, i hc in lc 2011. Lnh vc nghin cu bao gm: ng
dng tin hc trong HT, Bi ton ti u ha HT.
MBA, ng dy, t in mt cch rt d dng qua giao
din ha, bi mt s t cc nhp con chut. L Minh Tn sinh nm 1988 ti Thanh Ha, tt nghip i
Xt v d so snh: hc in lc 2011. Lnh vc nghin cu bao gm: ng dng
1 2 tin hc trong HT, Bi ton ti u ha HT.
0.02 + j0.04
Nguyn Ngc Trung sinh nm 1980 ti Thanh Ha, tt
400 MW
nghip i hc v thc s nm 2003 v 2006 ti ti Bch khoa
H Ni. Ths Nguyn Ngc Trung hin l nghin cu sinh ti
0.01 + 0.03j 0.0125 + j0.025 250 Mvar
i hc Palermo-Italia. Lnh vc nghin cu bao gm: n nh
3 h thng in, HVDC/FACTS, ng dng tin hc trong HT.
Slack Bus
0
V1 = 1.05 0 Nguyn ng Ton sinh nm 1978 ti Bc Ninh, tt
V1 = 1.04
-200 nghip Bch khoa H Ni nm 2001, thc s nm 2004 ti
MW
AIT-Thi Lan, tin s nm 2008 ti Grenoble-INP Php
Hnh 12: V d so snh chuyn nghnh H thng in. Ts Nguyn ng Ton hin
Ta c bng kt qu so snh nh sau: ang cng tc ti khoa H thng in trng i hc in lc.
Lnh vc nghin cu bao gm: n nh h thng in,
HVDC/FACTS, ng dng tin hc trong HT, nng lng mi.

5
 VIII. PH LC

Hnh 13 : Kt qu tnh ton bng phn mm LoadFlow

Hnh 14 : Kt qu tnh ton bng phn mm PSAS

Hnh 15 : Kt qu tnh ton bng phn mm PowerWorld

Hnh 16 : Kt qu tnh ton bng phn mm PSAS

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