1111

(Professional Learning Community: PLC)

12
 1313

1
(Professional Learning Community: PLC)
2

( , 2545)
2542

(Darling-Hammond, 1999 Brookfield & Stephen,1995)

(Professional Learning Community: PLC)

1.
(Professional
Learning Community: PLC) (Universal Definition)
Richard DuFour PLC
..1998 (.. 2541)

( , 2555)

2
(Burkley&Hicks, 2005)

1) (subgroup within school)

1
(PLC for Teacher Professional
Development) ( ) 10 1 2556 34-46
2


14 14

2) (schoolwide
community) (Whole-Faculty Study
Group: WFSG) Murphy & Dale (2005)

PLC

McLaughlin and Talbert (2006)

DuFour (2007)
PLC

Stoll and Louis (2007) "

"
Padwad and Dixit (2008)

(Knowledge managements KM)

PLC (Community of Practice:
CoP)
(CoP) bottom up
( , 2555)
 1515

PLC
(Learning community) 3
1)

2)


3)



(, 2555)
PLC
PLC


DuFour and DuFour


21

(DuFour& DuFour , 2554)
16 16

. (2555)

PLC (complex)
PLC

2.



(Annenberg
Institute for School Reform, 2013) Hord, Roussin and Sommers (2010)

2 1) Grade-level team
Subject-matter team

2)

 1717

3.
PLC

PLC
PLC 5 (Martin, 2011, Hord,
Roussin & Sommers, 2010, Annenberg Institute for School Reform, 2013, Richard DuFour,
2007)
1) (Shared values and vision)


Learning Community PLC

2) (Collective responsibility for
students learning)

3) (Reflective professional inquiry)

18 18

4) (Collaboration)

5) (Supportive
conditions structural arrangements and collegial relationships)

5 (Hierarchy)
PLC
Hord, Roussin and Sommers (2010)
5

1)
2)

 1919

PLC

1.1

4.

PLC (Hord, Roussin &
Sommers, 2010)
1.

2.

3.





20 20

-


-

-
PLC

1.2
: Luis Martinez Hord, Roussin & Sommers, 2010
 2121

Murphy and
Dale (2005)

(Committees) 2

(Critical Friends Group)

12


(Peer Coaching Team) 2-3

(Study Groups / Independent or Stand-Alone)

(Action Research Team)

(Small Learning Community)

(Department, Team, and Grade-Level Meetings)



22 22

(Lesson Study)
(school-based)

Hipp and Weber (2008)

PLC
PLC Hord, Roussin and
Sommers (2012)
HOPE
H: Honesty and Humanity

O: Option and Openness

P: Patience and Persistence

E: Efficacy and Enthusiasm

 2323

5. PLC
PLC





(Seashore, Anderson
& Riedel, 2003) PLC
PLC
(Louis, Kruse & Byrk, 1995; Newman & Wehlage, 1995;
Hord, 1997, 2004; Olivier & Hipp, 2006; Rosenholtz, 1989; Sackney, Mitchell & Walker,
2005; Schmoker, 2006 Hipp & Weber, 2008, Cranston, 2009)


(Individual Learning) (Team
Learning)

( , 2555)
PLC

(Annenberg Institute for School Reform, 2013)

24 24

6. PLC

PLC

1 42
2

-


Lesson Study

PLC




(collective culture)



PLC
(happy workplace)
 2525

(Learning Organization) ( , 2555)

(community)

26 26

, . (2545).
. :
.
. (2555). (). :
.
. (2554). :
21. : .
. (2555). 21. :
.
. (2555). 21: :
. : - .

Annenberg Institute for School Reform. (2013). Professional Learning Communities:

Professional Development Strategies That Improve Instruction. [Online].
Available from: http://www. annenberginstitute.org/pdf/proflearning.pdf.
[2013, May 2].
Brookfield, S. D., & Brookfield, S. (1995). Becoming a critically reflective teacher.
San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Bulkley, K. E., & Hicks, J. (2005). Managing community: Professional community in
charter schools operated by educational management
organizations. Educational Administration Quarterly, 41(2), 306-348.
Cranston, J. (2009). Holding the Reins of the Professional Learning Community: Eight
Themes from Research on Principals' Perceptions of Professional Learning
Communities. Canadian journal of educational administration and
policy, 90, 1-22.
 2727

Darling-Hammond, L. (1999). Teacher quality and student achievement: A review

of state policy evidence. Seattle, WA: Center for the Study of Teaching
and Policy, University of Washington.
DuFour, R. (2007). Professional Learning Communities: A Bandwagon, an Idea Worth
Considering, or Our Best Hope for High Levels of Learning?. Middle
School Journal (J1), 39(1), 4-8.
Hipp, K. K., & Weber, P. (2008). Developing a Professional Learning Community among
Urban School Principals. Journal of urban learning, teaching, and
research, 4, 46-56.
Hord, S. M., Roussin, J. L., & Sommers, W. A. (2009). Guiding professional learning
communities: Inspiration, challenge, surprise, and meaning. Corwin Press.
Martin M. (2011). Professional Learning Communities. In Contemporary Issues in
Learning and Teaching, pp.142-152. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
McLaughlin, M. W., & Talbert, J. E. (2006). Building school-based teacher learning
communities: Professional strategies to improve student
achievement (Vol. 45). Teachers College Press.
Murphy, C.U. & Dale, W.L. (2005). Whole Faculty Study Groups: creating
Professional Learning Communities That Target Student Learning. 3rd
edition. California: Corwin Press.
Padwad, A., & Dixit, K. K. (2008). Impact of Professional Learning Community
Participation on Teachers' Thinking about Classroom Problems. Tesl-
Ej, 12(3), n3.
Seashore, K.R., Anderson, A.R. & Riedel, E. (2003). Implementing arts for
academicachievement: The impact of mental models, professional
community and interdisciplinary teaming. Paper presented at the 17th
Conference of the International Congress for School Effectiveness and
Improvement, Rotterdam, January.
Stoll, L., & Louis, K. S. (2007). Professional learning communities: Elaborating new
approaches. Professional learning communities: Divergence, depth
and dilemmas, 1-13.
28 28