Periodicity Identities - radians

Periodicity Identities - degrees

Sum/Difference Identities

sin (x + y) = sin(x) cos(y) + cos(x) sin(y),

cos(x + y) = cos(x) cos(y) - sin(x) sin(y),

sin(x - y) = sin(x) cos(y) - cos(x) sin(y),

cos(x - y) = cos(x) cos(y) + sin(x) sin(y),

Double Angle Identities

sin(2x) = 2 sin(x) cos(x),

cos(2x) = cos2(x) - sin2(x),

cos(2x) = 2 cos2(x) - 1,

cos(2x) = 1 - 2 sin2(x),

tan(2x) = [2 tan(x)]/[1-tan2(x)],

Half Angle Identities

Product identities

Sum to Product Identities

The Product Rule

The Chain Rule

y = f(u), u = g(x), f and g differentiable.
Then

The Quotient Rule

In particular,

Hyperbolic Functions

The hyperbolic functions, of which there are six, are so named because they are
related to the parametric equations for a hyperbola.

The 2 main hyperbolic functions are sinh x and cosh x (and so now you know what
the hyp button on your calculator is for). The hyperbolic functions are actually
functions of the natural exponents ex through the following equations:
We now relate the hyperbolic functions with the hyperbola. The equation for the
hyperbola is

We let
x = a cosh u
y = b sinh u

We find that cosh2 u sinh2 u = 1, which is true (This can be proven by

substituting the ex into the equation). Now that we have 2 hyperbolic functions, we
use it to further derive a few other functions following a similar convention which
the trigonometric function uses:

The formulas and identities are as follows:

Double-Angle Formula
Besides all these formulas, you should also know the relations between hyperbolic
functions and trigonometric functions. Use the following to derive those for tanh x,
sech x, csch x and coth x too. Bear in mind that i i = 1.
Algebraic Formulas

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1.

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Indices Formulas:
The formulas involving relations between variables and their powers or powers and indices are:

1.
and

2.
and

3.
and

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5.
and

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12. provided that a , b and a*b are not negative numbers.

13. If, then , x=y. ( Provided That : )

14. If, then , a=b. ( Provided That : )