Kpletgyjtemny MSc matematika vizsgra

ptkari Matematika MSc

sin2 x + cos2 x = 1 differencilsi szablyok:

0 0
sin(x y) = sin x cos y cos x sin y (cu) = cu (c konstans)
0 0 0
cos(x y) = cos x cos y sin x sin y (u + v) = u + v
tan xtan y
tan(x y) = 1tan xtan y (uv)0 = u0 v + uv 0
u 0 0 0
= u vuv


sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x v v2
df dg
cos 2x = cos2 x sin2 x d
dx f (g(x)) = dg dx
2 tan x
tan 2x = 1tan2 x integrlsi szablyok:
2 1cos 2x 2 1+cos 2x
R R
sin x = 2 , cos x = 2 cf dx = c f dx (c konstans)
sin x + sin y = 2 sin x+y xy
R R R
2 cos 2 (f + g) dx = f dx + g dx
sin x sin y = 2 cos x+y xy
f (ax + b) dx = a1 F (ax + b) + c,
R
2 sin 2
cos x + cos y = 2 cos x+y xy
2 cos 2 ahol F az f primitv fggvnye
cos x cos y = 2 sin x+y xy
f (g(x))g 0 (x) dx = F (g(x)) + c,
R
2 sin 2
sin x cos y = 21 [sin(x + y) + sin(x y)] ahol F az f primitv fggvnye
0 f +1
cos x cos y = 12 [cos(x + y) + cos(x y)]
R
f f dx = +1 + c, ha 6= 1
f0
sin x sin y = 21 [cos(x + y) cos(x y)]
R
f dx = ln |f | + c
x x x x
sinh x = e e cosh x = e +e uv dx = uv u0 v dx
0
R R
2 , 2
2 2
cosh x sinh x = 1 nevezetes helyettestsek:
x
sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x R(e ) ex = t

cosh 2x = cosh2 x + sinh2 x R( ax + b) ax + b = t
 
cosh2 x = cosh 2x+1
2 , sinh2 x = cosh 2x1
2 R ax+b
cx+d
ax+b
cx+d
=t
R(sin x, cos x) sin x, cos x, tan x, tan x2 = t

derivltak: R(x, a2 x2 ) x = a sin t, x = a cos t
0

(sinh x) = cosh x R(x, a2 + x2 ) x = a sinh t
0

(cosh x) = sinh x R(x, x2 a2 ) x = a cosh t
0 1
(loga x) = x ln a integrlok:
+1
(x )0 = x 1
x dx = x
R
+1 + c ( 6= 1)
x 0 x
e dx = a1 eax + c
ax
R
(e ) = e
x
(ax )0 = ax ln(a) ax dx = lna a + c
R

(sin x)0 = cos x

R
cos x dx = sin x + c
0
R
(cos x) = sin x sin x dx = cos x + c
(tan x)0 = 1 1
R
cos2 x cos2 x dx = tan x + c
(cot x)0 = sin12 x 1
R
sin2 x
dx = cot x + c
(ln x)0 = x1 1
R
x dx = ln |x| + c
(arc sin x)0 = 1x 1 dx = arc sin xa + c
R
2 a2 x2
(arc tan x)0 = 1+x 1 dx 1 x
R
2 x2 +a2 = a arc tan a + c
0 1 dx = ar sinh xa + c
R
(ar sinh x) = 1+x2
x2 +a2
(ar cosh x)0 = x12 1 dx = ar cosh xa + c
R
x2 a2
 
(ar tanh x)0 = 1x 1 dx 1 x
ha  xa  < 1
R
2 a2 x2 = a ar tanh a + c,
0 1 1 x
 
dx
ha  x  > 1
R
(ar coth x) = 1x2 a2 x2 = a ar coth a + c, a
(arc cos x)0 = 1x 1
R
2
tan x dx = ln | cos x| + c
0 1
R
(arc cot x) = 1+x2 cot x dx = ln | sin x| + c

1
1. Parcilis differencilegyenletek

n
P

1. Az f : [0, L] R fggvny tiszta szinuszos Fourier-sora: bn sin L x ,
n=1

2
RL n


ahol bn = L f (t) sin L t dt.
t=0
2
sin(ax)ax cos(ax) x2 cos(ax)2 cos(ax)2 ax sin(ax)
x2 sin(a x)dx = a
R R
2. x sin(a x)dx = a2 + C tovbb: a3 .



utt = c2 uxx , (0 < x < L, 0 < t)

u (t, 0) = u (L, t) 0

0<t
3. Rezg hr:
u (x, 0) = f (x)
0<x<L



ut (x, 0) = g(x) 0<x<L

k kc kc
P



megoldsa u(x, t) = sin L x Ak cos L t + Bk sin L t , ahol {Ak } az f (x) tiszta szinuszos Fourier
k=1
egytthati, k Bk pedig a g(x) tiszta szinuszos Fourier egytthati, ahol k = kc L .

2
ut = uxx , (0 < x < L, 0 < t)


4. Hvezets vges hossz rdban: u (t, 0) = u (L, t) 0 0 < t


u (x, 0) = f (x) 0<x<L

2 2
Megolds: u (x, t) = An e( L ) t sin n
n

n=1 L x , ahol An az f (x) fggvny tiszta szinuszos Fourier sornak
egytthati.
5. Nhny fggvny tiszta szinuszos Fourier sora a [0, ] intervallumon:
 
(a) 0 x < , f (x) = x fggvnyre: f (x) = 2 sin1 x sin(2x)
2 + sin(3x)
3 sin(4x)
4 + , ha 0 x < .

x, ha 0 x 2 ;  
(b) g(x) = g(x) = 4 sin x sin(3x)
32 + sin(5x)
52 sin(7x)
7 2 + , ha 0 x .
x, ha x .
2

1, ha 0 < x < ;  
(c) h(x) = fggvnyre: h(x) = 4 sin(x) + sin(3x) 3 + sin(5x)
5 + , ha 0 x .
0, ha x = 0, .
 
(d) 0 x , (x) = x ( x) fggvnyre: (x) = 8 sin(x) + sin(3x)3 3 + sin(5x)
53 + , ha 0 x .

2. Linaris algebra
1. Gram Schmidt metdus: Legyen {w1 , . . . , wk } a bzisa a W Rd lineris altrnek. Ekkor az albb meg-
konstrult {v1 , . . . , vk } egy ortonormlt bzisa W -nek:
`1
P
w` (w` vi ) vi
w1 i=1
v1 = , s 2 ` k -ra: v` := .
|w1 | `1
P
|w` (w` vi ) vi |
i=1

3. Vektoranalzis
1. Ha az A irnytott fellet egy paramterezse r(u, v), ahol (u, v) T a paramter tartomny, akkor
ZZ ZZ
FdA = F(r(u, v)) (ru rv )dudv,
A T

ha az A irnytsa az ru rv - vel azonos irny akkor + eljel van fent, egybknt eljel.

2
2. Gauss divergencia ttel: A K R3 testnek az K fellett irnytjuk a kifel mutat normlissal. Adott
a K minden pontjban rtelmezett s ktszer differencilhat F vektormez. Ekkor:
ZZ ZZZ
FdA = div(F)dxdydz.
K K

3. Stokes ttel Tegyk fel, hogy az F fellet s annak F hatra koherensen irnytott. Adott az F minden
pontjban rtelmezett s ktszer differencilhat F vektormez. Ekkor
Z ZZ  
F~ d~r = curl F~ dA
~
F F

Green-ttel Legyen D egy olyan tartomny a skon, melynek hatra a C egyszer zrt grbe. (D nem
tartalmaz lyukakat!) Tovbb az F~ skbeli vektortr, minden parcilis derivltja a D minden pontjban
rtelmezett. Nevezzk az F komponens fggvnyeit P -nek s Q-nak, vagyis

F~ (x, y) = (P (x, y) , Q (x, y)) .

Ekkor, Z ZZ
F~ dr = Q0x Py0 dxdy

C D

4. Hengerkoordints helyettests (trbeli megfelelje a polr koordintknak)

x = r cos




y = rsin()



z=z

Vagyis ha
(x, y, z) = G(r, , z) = (r cos , r sin , z).
A hengerkoordints helyettests Jacobi determinnsnak abszolt rtke:
 

 cos r sin 0 
|det (G0 (r, , z))| = det
 
sin r cos 0  = r.

 
 0 0 1 

5. Gmbkoordints helyettests:

x = r sin u cos v



(1) y = r sin u sin v



z = r cos u

Vagyis a fenti jellsekkel:

(2) (x, y, z) = G(r, u, v) = (r sin u cos v, r sin u sin v, r cos u).

A Jacobi determinns abszolt rtke:

|det (G0 (r, u, v))| = r2 sin u.