Aug12 Sridhar PDF

Introduction to Evolved Packet Core (EPC):
EPC Elements, protocols and procedures
Kamakshi Sridhar, PhD

Distinguished Member of Technical Staff
Director Wireless CTO organization
August 2012
Agenda
1. Introduction to Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and Evolved Packet System (EPS)
2. LTE and all-IP: What is new?
3. EPC components
Serving Gateway (SGW), PDN Gateway (PGW)
Mobility Management Entity (MME), Policy and Charging Control Function (PCRF)
4. LTE core functions and service procedures

Core network functions
Network attachment, service requests, paging, IP addressing, handover
2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

1
Introduction to Evolved Packet Core and
Evolved Packet System
3 | Technical Sales Forum | May 2008 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.
LTE: All-IP, simplified network architecture
LTE+EPC
IP channel Evolved Packet Core

eNode B
(All-IP)
Transport (backhaul and backbone)
New, all-IP mobile core network introduced with LTE

What is EPC ? End-to-end IP (All-IP)
Clear delineation of control plane and data plane
Simplified architecture: flat-IP architecture with a single core
EPC was previously called SAE (System Architecture Evolution)
eNodeB is also called E-UTRAN
Evolved Packet System = EPC + E-UTRAN
The EPC is a multi-access core network based on the Internet Protocol (IP) that enables operators to deploy and operate
one common packet core network for 3GPP radio access (LTE, 3G, and 2G), non-3GPP radio access (HRPD, WLAN, and
WiMAX), and fixed access (Ethernet, DSL, cable, and fiber).
The EPC is defined around the three important paradigms of mobility, policy management, and security.
Source: IEEE Communications Magazine V47 N2 February 2009 REF: http://www.comsoc.org/livepubs//ci1/public/2009/feb/pdf/ciguest_bogineni.pdf
4 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

Mobile core in 2G/3G

2
LTE and EPC what is new?
EPC: new all-IP core, new network elements (functions)
2G/3G
GSM GMSC
Softswitch
MGW PSTN
Circuit Switched Other
GPRS Core (Voice)
Voice mobile
MSC networks
EDGE
Channels BTS
IP channel BSC / RNC
Internet
UMTS Node B Packet Switched
Core
HSPA SGSN GGSN VPN
Serving Gateway (SGW)

EPC elements Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (PGW)
Mobility Management Element (MME)
Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF)
LTE/EPC
IP channel MME PCRF
SGW PDN GW
eNode B Evolved Packet Core

EPC elements
LTE/EPC
IP channel MME PCRF
SGW PDN GW
eNode B Evolved Packet Core
Serving Gateway
Serving a large number of eNodeBs, focus on scalability
and security
Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway
EPC elements IP management (IP anchor), connection to external
data networks; focus on highly scalable data
connectivity and QoS enforcement
Mobility Management Element (MME)
Control-plane element, responsible for high volume
mobility management and connection management
(thousands of eNodeBs)
Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF)
Network-wide control of flows: detection, gating, QoS
and flow-based charging, authorizes network-wide use of
QoS resources (manages millions on service data flows)

USER PLANE (UP)
LTE + EPC elements and interfaces CONTROL PLANE (CP)
S6a HSS
External networks
S10 Rx
Operator Services
S1-MME MME PCRF
Applications
S11
Gx
IMS
eNodeB Internet
S1-U
X2 S5/S8 SGi ACPs
S1-U
SGW PGW
eNodeB
UE EPC
IP connectivity layer (Evolved Packet System) = E-UTRAN + EPC
Service Connectivity Layer

Flat IP = less hierarchy means lower latency
GSM
UMTS control plane
CDMA
RNC SGSN GGSN

BSC PDSN HA
Node B direct tunnel

BTS
data plane
RNC GGSN
BSC SGSN HA
PDSN
LTE
control plane
MME S/P GW
eNode B data plane
SGW PGW

Key implications on user plane (UP) and control plane (CP)
User plane has many common attributes Control plane gets new mobile-specific attributes
with fixed broadband
Broadband capacity Mobility across networks (and operator domains)

QoS for multi-service delivery Distributed mobility management
Per-user and per-application policies Massive increase in scalability
Highly available network elements Dynamic policy management
BSC SGSN/GGSN RNC SGSN/GGSN RNC PDSN
GSM/GPRS/EDGE WCDMA/HSPA CDMA/EV-DO
Service Delivery
Platforms
LTE
IP channel MME PCRF
SGW PDN GW
Evolved Packet Core
eNode B

Quick Reference:
Overview of EPC components and functionality
eNB
eNodeB: Inter Cell RRM Policy, Charging & Rules Function

all radio access functions Network control of Service Data Flow (SDF)
RB Control
detection, gating, QoS & flow based charging
Radio admission control
Connection Mobility Cont. Dynamic policy decision on service data flow
Scheduling of UL and DL data MME
treatment in the PCEF (xGW)
Scheduling and transmission of Radio Admission Control
Authorizes QoS resources
NAS Security
paging and system broadcast eNB Measurement
IP header compression (PDCP) Configuration & Provision
Idle State Mobility PCRF
Outer-ARQ (RLC) Dynamic Resource
Handling
Allocation (Scheduler)
Policy
RRC
EPS Bearer Control
Decisions PDN Gateway
IP anchor point for bearers
PDCP
S-GW P-GW
UE IP address allocation
RLC Per-user based packet filtering
Mobility UE IP address Connectivity to packet data network
MAC Anchoring allocation
S1
PHY Packet Filtering
internet
E-UTRAN EPC
Mobility Management Entity Serving Gateway

Authentication Local mobility anchor for inter-eNB handovers
Tracking area list management Mobility anchoring for inter-3GPP handovers
Idle mode UE reachability Idle mode DL packet buffering
S-GW/PDN-GW selection Lawful interception
Inter core network node signaling for Packet routing and forwarding
mobility between 2G/3G and LTE
Bearer management functions

All-IP mobile transformation
2G/3G CS Core
Backhaul (TDM/ATM)
PS Core
Node B
BTS
BS RNC SGSN GGSN
PDSN HA
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Radio RNC bearer MSC voice and
intelligence Backhaul CS and PS
mobility packet data Internet
moving to transition evolve into a Best effort to
evolves to switching browsing
eNodeB to IP/Ethernet unified all-IP e2e QoS
the SGW evolve into to
the SGW domain Web 2.0+
RNC control
distributed
into Packet data
the MME/eNB control
evolves into
the MME
LTE
Backhaul (IP/Ethernet)
PCRF
MME
Service and mobile aware
all-IP network
eNodeB PDN GW
SGW
Evolved Packet Core

LTE: more than an evolution for the packet core
Existing paradigm (3G) LTE

No (CS) core in LTE
- e2e IP: VoIP (IMS), OneVoice
Voice Circuit switched (CS)
- Through EPC: OTT, SR-VCC
-Alternatives: CS fallback, VOLGA
Broadband Best effort, Real-time, interactive,

services Limited expensive broadband low latency, true broadband QoS
Based on service data flows (IP flows)

Multisession - Rudimentary in 3G (none in 2G/2.5G)
- user-initiated sessions
data - On request
- network-initiated sessions
- Driven by UE -Driven by policy management, not UE

-Control-plane intensive setup -Faster setup through EPC
QoS - theory: up to 8 CoS, practice: 2 4 --9 QoS classes
(voice/control, best effort data) - End-to-end, associated with bearers
Policy - PCRF introduced in 3GPP R7 Network-wide, dynamic

Management - Not widely adopted (static policy mgt used) policy charging and control (PCC)
- no RNCs - radio mgt. by eNodeB

Mobility - Historically very much aligned (part of) with
- Mobility and session management important
Management RAN
functions of the core

Example of UMTS QoS mapping to IP (transport perspective)
Mapping UMTS traffic types to IP QoS (DiffServ Code Points)
Conversational
Streaming
Interactive
Background
End-to-end QoS in UMTS

Flat-IP also implies need for a sound QoS mechanism
Dedicated radio resource allocation per user Shared radio resource allocation for all users
TDM IP
TDM IP
IMS
CS PS
EPC
2G/R99 3G Access
LTE (and HSPA)
CS resources
PS resources
Shared
resources
By nature, 2G and Rel99 3G legacy network Without QoS control in flat-IP mobile networks,
architecture provides dedicated CS resources the end-user would experience (e.g. for
ensuring: voice/video service):
Low latency (optimized for voice service) High latency when cell/network is congested
A guaranteed bit rate for the whole duration of the CS High voice packet loss when cell/network is congested
call (even in case of congestion)
Degraded perception for the end-user
QoS control becomes mandatory to offer real-time services (Voice, Video or

Gaming) over flat-IP mobile networks

LTE QoS terms
Service Data Flow = IP flow
SDFs are mapped to bearers by IP routing elements (gateways)
QoS Class Identifier (QCI)
A scalar that is used as a reference to node specific parameters that control packet forwarding treatment (e.g.,
scheduling weights, admission thresholds, queue management thresholds, link layer protocol configuration, etc.),
and that have been pre-configured by the operator owning the access node
Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP)
The primary purpose or ARP is to decide if a bearer establishment/modification request can be accepted or
rejected in case or resource limitation
Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR)
Maximum Bit Rate (MBR)
Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) (for non-GBR bearers)
QCI + ARP + GBR + MBR + AMBR
bearers

LTE QCI (QoS Class Identifier), as defined by 3GPP TS23.203
From: 4 classes in UMTS and CDMA to: 9 classes in LTE

One of LTE standards goals:
backward compatibility with UMTS QoS
Packet Error
Packet Delay
QCI Resource Type Priority Loss Example Services
Budget
Rate
-2
1 2 100 ms 10 Conversational voice
Guaranteed -3
2 4 150 ms 10 Conversational video (live streaming)
3 Bit Rate 3 50 ms 10
-3
Real-time gaming
(GBR)
-6
4 5 300 ms 10 Non-conversational video (buffered streaming)
-6
5 1 100 ms 10 IMS signalling
Video (buffered streaming)
-6 TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file sharing,
6 6 300 ms 10 progressive video, etc.)
-3 Voice, video (live streaming), interactive
7 7 100 ms 10
Non-GBR gaming
Premium bearer for video (buffered
8 300 ms 10-6 streaming),
8 TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file sharing,
progressive video, etc) for premium subscribers
Default bearer for video,
9 9 300 ms 10-6
TCP-based services, etc. for non-privileged subscribers

EPC bearer management
Data plane needs to support fine-granularity of QoS and charging

enforcement functions beyond transport / bearer level
Uplink (UL) and Downlink (DL) packet filters are defined for each bearer and QoS
enforcements (policing, shaping, scheduling, etc.) are applied
PGW acts as the Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) point to maintain
QoS / SLA for each of the bearers (and SDFs)
E-UTRAN EPC Internet
UE eNodeB SGW PGW peer
End-to-end service
External
EPS bearer
bearer
Radio S1 S5/S8
bearer bearer bearer
LTE-Uu S1 S5/S8 SGi

3
EPC elements
eNodeB (E-UTRAN) (not a part of the EPC), but lets look at USER PLANE (UP)
Interactions with other functional elements CONTROL PLANE (CP)
Pool of MMEs Pool of SGWs

SGW
MME
Mobility Management MME SGW
Bearer handling
User plane tunnels for
Security settings
UL and DL data delivery
Inter eNodeB handovers

Forwarding of DL data
eNode B
Radio Resource during handovers
Management
Mobility management
Bearer handling
User plane data delivery
Securing and optimizing
radio interface delivery
eNode B
UE
User Equipment eNode B

Other eNodeBs

Mobility Management Entity
MME controls how UE interacts with the network via non-access stratum (NAS) signalling
Authenticates UEs and controls access to network connections
Controls attributes of established access (e.g., assignment of network resources)
Maintains EPS Mobility Management (EMM) states for all UEs to support paging, roaming and handover
Manages ECM (EPS Connection Management) states
IP channel MME PCRF
SGW PDN GW
Evolved Packet Core
eNode B
MME is control plane element that manages network access and mobility

MME: USER PLANE (UP)
Authentication and Security

Other MMEs Location management
HSS User profiles SGWs
MME SGW
MME SGW
Handovers between MMEs
Idle state mobility between MMEs Control of user plane tunnels
MME
Inter eNodeB handovers

State transitions
Bearer management
Paging
UE eNode B
User Equipment
eNode B Other eNodeBs

Serving Gateway and Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway
SGW is local mobility anchor PGW is IP anchor for bearers

Terminates (S1-U) interface towards E-UTRAN Terminates (SGi) interface towards the PDN
Local anchor point for inter-eNB handover and Provides UE IP address management
inter-3GPP mobility (allocation)
Support ECM-idle mode DL packet buffering Provide Policy and Charging Enforcement
and network-initiated service request Function (PCEF)
IP routing and forwarding functions Per-SDF based packet filtering
Interface to Online and Offline Charging
Systems
IP channel MME PCRF
SGW PDN GW
Evolved Packet Core
eNode B
eNode B

SGW: USER PLANE (UP)
PCRF PMIP S5/S8

MMEs IP service flow <-> GTP tunnel
PCRF mapping information PGWs
MME PGW
MME PGW
Control of GTP tunnels and IP service flows
SGW Mobility control GTP S5/S8
Control of GTP tunnels
GTP tunnels for UL and DL
data delivery
PMIP
IP service flows
SGW
User Plane tunnels for

DL and UL data delivery
Indirect forwarding of DL data
during handovers (in S1-U)
when direct (X2) inter-eNodeB
connection is not available
eNodeBs eNode B
eNode B
Other SGWs
SGW SGW

PGW: USER PLANE (UP)
PCRFs
PCRF
Policy and Charging Control requests

PCC rules External networks
IP flows of user data
PGW
Control of User Plane tunnels

UP tunnels for UL and DL data Online Charging
delivery Systems
Offline Charging
Systems
SGWs
SGW SGW

End-to-end protocol stack (User Plane)
MME
IP channel PCRF
SGW
eNode B PDN GW
applications Evolved Packet Core
services
user traffic = end-to-end IP
IP IP
RELAY RELAY
PDCP PDCP GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U
RLC RLC UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP
MAC MAC L2 L2 L2 L2
L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1
LTE-Uu S1-U S5/S8 SGi
UE eNodeB SGW PGW
* S5/S8 reference point between S-GW and PDN-GW can also be GTP based
Key role of S-GWs and PDN-GWs = to manage the user plane (bearer traffic)
PCRF: USER PLANE (UP)
AF
External networks
PCRF
PCC rules
QoS rules when S5/S8 is PMIP
QoS rules when S5/S8 is PMIP PGWs

QoS rules for mapping IP service flows
SGWs and GTP tunnel in S1 when S5/S8 is PGW PGW
SGW SGW PMIP

Policy Charging and Control (PCC) Architecture
SPR Rx
AF
Sp
PCRF
Gxx Gx
OCS
Gy SDF-based credit control
BBERF PCEF
Gz
SGW PGW OFCS
BBERF = Bearer Binding and Event Reporting Function

OCS = Online Charging System
OFCS = Offline Charging System
PCEF = Policy and Charging Enforcement Function
SPR = Subscription Profile repository

Service level policy control
Service Data Flow (SDF)
Packet filters
QoS parameter: QCI, Guaranteed bit rate (UL/DL),
Maximum bit rate (UL/DL), Aggregate maximum bit rate
PDN-GW
UE
SDF-1
Default bearer
SDF-2
UE-IP1@ Dedicated bearer (GBR) UE-IP1@

SDF-3
IP-Connectivity Access Network Session UE-IP1@
The PGW needs to support fine-granularity of QoS and charging enforcement functions
beyond transport / bearer level
Multiple Service Data Flow (SDF) can be aggregated onto a single EPS bearer
Uplink and downlink packet filters are defined for each bearer, and QoS enforcements
are applied

4
Core procedures
EPC: Core functions and service procedures
Core Functions Core Procedures
Charging Network attachment
Subscriber management Service requests (paging, buffering)
Mobility management (new!) Handovers and (X2 routing)
Bearer management Roaming (home/visiting PDN breakout)
Policy management (new!) Interworking with 3GPP ANs

Interworking with non 3GPP ANs
(EVDO/EHRPD treated as a special case)
Interconnection

Roaming breakout through home PDN
Gx Rx
HSS H-PCRF Home Operators IP
PDN Services
Gateway SGi
HPLMN
S6a
VPLMN
UTRAN
SGSN
GERAN
S3
S8a
MME
S1-MME S11 S4 S12

X2
eNode B
Serving
E-UTRAN S1-U Gateway
eNode B

Roaming local breakout (through visiting PDN)
Rx
HSS H-PCRF Home Operators IP
Services
HPLMN
S6a
VPLMN
S9
UTRAN
SGSN
GERAN
S3
V-PCRF
MME
Gx
S1-MME S11 S4 S12

X2
eNode B
S5 SGi
Serving PDN IP Network
eUTRAN
E-UTRAN S1-U Gateway Gateway
eNode B

Network attachment and IP address assignment
PCRF
Always-on IP connection is
S7c S7 established and anchored at
PDN-GW
MME
S1-MME S11
X2 SGi
eNode B IP Network
S5
E-UTRAN
Serving PDN
S1-U Gateway Gateway
IPv4
eNode B direct
IP
IPv4 via
IPv6
DHCP
shorter
(after)
IP address assignment
IPv6 /64
IPv6
stateless

UE and service requests
PCRF
2. Update Bearer Request
is sent to the S-GW
1. UE sends NAS S7c S7 to establish/modify
Service Request S1-bearer
message towards MME
MME 3. Dedicated bearer

established after
interaction with PCRF
S1-MME S11
X2
eNode B
S5 SGi
E-UTRAN
eNode B

Handover and X2 routing
eNB eNB eNB eNB
PCRF X2-AP X2-AP GTP-U GTP-U

SCTP SCTP UDP UDP
S7c IP IP IP IP
S7
L2 L2 L2 L2
L1 L1 L1 L1
MME
X2-C X2-U
S1-MME S11
X2 protocol stacks
X2
eNode B
S5 SGi
E-UTRAN
eNode B
X2 = active mode mobility

- User Plane (UP) ensures lossless mobility
- Control Plane (CP) provides eNB relocation capability
eNode B

4a
SMS and legacy voice
SMS service for initial data-only devices
MSC
GERAN
UTRAN CS Network SMS-C
New interface
SGSN
SGs from MSC to
MME
MME
E-UTRAN
PDN
SGW PGW
eNode B Data
Paging/SMS
Data and SMS only

Handset uses LTE network where possible to achieve highest throughput
Handset served by an MSC in legacy network for voice and SMS
SMS delivered over SGs without requiring inter-RAT handover

Voice support using CS Fallback (CSFB)
New interface
SGs from MSC to
MME
MSC MSC
GERAN GERAN
UTRAN CS Network UTRAN CS Network
SGSN SGSN
E-UTRAN MME E-UTRAN MME
PDN PDN
SGW PGW SGW PGW

eNode B Data eNode B
Circuit Voice
Paging/SMS Data
Simultaneous Voice + Data

Handset falls back to legacy circuit coverage for voice
Incoming calls to MSC trigger paging over SGs and delivered via MME
Data sessions handover to SGSN if possible
Tradeoff:
Re-uses legacy circuit infrastructure
But at the cost of Inter-RAT handover per voice call, and reduced capacity (3G) or
suspended (2G) data sessions

Voice via IMS
MSC
GERAN
UTRAN CS Network Simultaneous Voice and Data on LTE
Handset has concurrent access to:
1. Data services including internet access
SGSN 3
2. IMS Services including VoIP end-end calling
2
E-UTRAN MME TAS
IMS 3. IMS interworking towards legacy
SCC AS
PDN
PSTN/PLMN networks
1 Uses IMS nodes Telephony Application
SGW PGW
eNode B Server (TAS) and Service Centralization and
Continuity Application Server (SCC AS)
IMS Services outside of LTE coverage

MSC For service transparency, IMS Centralized
GERAN
UTRAN CS Network Services (ICS) provides IMS services even
when the handset is out of LTE coverage
Handset has concurrent access to:
SGSN 3
1. Data Services including internet access
MME 2 IMS
E-UTRAN TAS
SCC AS
2. IMS Services including circuit-mode
PDN transport of voice path
1
SGW PGW 3. Calls to-from the PSTN/PLMN legacy
eNode B
network as well as calls to VoIP end users
in IMS
Circuit Voice Circuit signaling Packet Voice IMS Signaling Packet Data

Alcatel-Lucent EPC Solution
8650 SDM
HSS
S6a
9271 Data Plane
UTRAN CDMA/EVDO
Control Plane
S101 eRNC
7500
SGSN HSGW
GERAN
5780 DSC
S3 AFs
(PCRF)
8615
Gxc Gx IeCCF
OFCS 8610
9471
ICC
MME Rf Ro
OCS
Gn
9326 S1-MME S11 S4 S12
Gp
S2a
X2 eNB
7750 SR S5/S8 7750 SR

eUTRAN Serving PDN IP Network
S1-U SGi
UE 9326 Gateway Gateway
eNB
End-to-end IP management (incl. services)

5620 SAM

User Plane Scalability Full UP and CP Management
First mobile gateway Full GUI management
to deliver over 100 Gbps of bearers (UP and CP)
Deployment Flexibility Deployment Universality

As SGW, PGW/GGSN e2e wireless IP management:
or combo RAN, core and backhaul
Performance/QoS Integration in OSS/BSS

Per-UE, per-app, per-flow Part of full NM portfolio
hierarchical QoS Full OSS/BSS integration
Reliability
Reliability
99.999+ % field proven
5620 SAM Geo-redundancy
48,000+ units shipped 7750 Service Router
Mobile Gateway Service Aware Manager
7750 Service Router-based
Scalability/Architecture
Architecture Suited for Tier X to Tier1
Optimized split of
router and gateway functions
Alcatel-Lucent operator environments
Ultimate Wireless Packet Core
Control Plane Scalability Mobile Core Business Engine

Millions of subscribers Policy Convergence
Thousands of eNodeBs Monetization and Personalization
Deployment Agility
Deployment Flexibility Flexi rules engine with wizards
As SGSN, MME
or SGSN/MME combo
Up and running in minutes
Add new rules easily
Performance Integration with NM

Superior paging capabilities Part of full NM portfolio
High-signallng loads Same NM/GUI paradigm
9471 Wireless 5780 Dynamic
Mobility Manager Services Controller
Reliability Reliability
Geo-redundancy, pooling Geo-redundancy
No single point of failure No single point of failure
Platform/Architecture Platform/Architecture
ATCAv2 platform ATCAv2 platform
for all CP functions 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved. for all CP functions
www.alcatel-lucent.com
2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

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Introduction to Evolved Packet Core (EPC):

EPC Elements, protocols and procedures

Kamakshi Sridhar, PhD

2. LTE and all-IP: What is new?

4. LTE core functions and service procedures

2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

IP channel Evolved Packet Core

New, all-IP mobile core network introduced with LTE

4 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

5 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

Serving Gateway (SGW)

IP channel MME PCRF

8 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

IP channel MME PCRF

9 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

LTE + EPC elements and interfaces CONTROL PLANE (CP)

IP connectivity layer (Evolved Packet System) = E-UTRAN + EPC

Service Connectivity Layer

10 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

RNC SGSN GGSN

Node B direct tunnel

eNode B data plane

11 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

Broadband capacity Mobility across networks (and operator domains)

BSC SGSN/GGSN RNC SGSN/GGSN RNC PDSN

GSM/GPRS/EDGE WCDMA/HSPA CDMA/EV-DO

12 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

eNodeB: Inter Cell RRM Policy, Charging & Rules Function

Mobility Management Entity Serving Gateway

13 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

14 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

Existing paradigm (3G) LTE

Broadband Best effort, Real-time, interactive,

Based on service data flows (IP flows)

- Driven by UE -Driven by policy management, not UE

Policy - PCRF introduced in 3GPP R7 Network-wide, dynamic

- no RNCs - radio mgt. by eNodeB

15 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

Mapping UMTS traffic types to IP QoS (DiffServ Code Points)

End-to-end QoS in UMTS

16 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

QoS control becomes mandatory to offer real-time services (Voice, Video or

17 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

QCI + ARP + GBR + MBR + AMBR

18 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

From: 4 classes in UMTS and CDMA to: 9 classes in LTE

19 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

Data plane needs to support fine-granularity of QoS and charging

E-UTRAN EPC Internet

UE eNodeB SGW PGW peer

LTE-Uu S1 S5/S8 SGi

20 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

Interactions with other functional elements CONTROL PLANE (CP)

Pool of MMEs Pool of SGWs

Inter eNodeB handovers

User Equipment eNode B

22 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

IP channel MME PCRF

23 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

Interactions with other functional elements CONTROL PLANE (CP)

Authentication and Security

Inter eNodeB handovers

24 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.