1

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

1.

(Operational Amplifier)
OP AMP
DC

1 output
inverting input
noninverting input 2

1. 2.

DC AC
3
C. A. Lovell Bell Lab
2
. . 1948 George
Philbrick -

Analog Computer
Operational amplifier
 2

3.

1960

(Integrated Circuit: IC)

-
DIP 8
709 Fairchild . . 1965
741 . . 1968
741

1

 3

741
2.
1.
AOL 200,000 V/V

2.
Ro 0 75

3.
Ri 2 M

4. BW 1 MHz

(Open Loop)

(Non-inverting input: NI)
(inverting input: INV)
V+
V+
INV NI
V-
(Voltage Comparator)
1 O1 O2
4 (

)
 4

4.

3. (Closed Loop)

(Negative Feedback: NFB)

-



3.1

5.

5
o A d (3.1.1)
 5

f B o (3.1.2)
d i f (3.1.3)

(3.1.1), (3.1.2) (3.1.3)

0 A 1
; AB ? 1 (3.1.4)
i 1 AB B

AB

B
A
3.2 (Inverting Configuration)

INV

3.2.1 (Inverting Amplifier)

(a) (b)

6. (a)
(b)
3.2.2

7
R1 R2
Z1 Z2
 6

7

3.2.3 (Inverting Integrator/Miller
Integrator)
Z1=R Z 8
1
2
sC
Vo 1 1
; s j (3.2.3.1)
Vi sCR jCR

O (t )
I (t ) t

1 t
O (t ) VC
CR
0 I (t ) dt (3.2.3.2)

V
C

8 9

3.2.4 (Differentiator)

Z2 = R 9
1
Z1
sC
Vo
sCR jCR; s j (3.2.4.1)
Vi
d (t )
O (t ) CR I (3.2.4.2)
dt
3.2.5 (Inverting Summer or Weighted
Summer)
 7

10

INV 0 V

1 2 n
i1 , i2 , , in
R1 R2 Rn

i
i i1 i2 ... i n (3.2.5.1)
O 0 iR f iR f (3.2.5.2)
Rf Rf Rf
O 1 2 ... n (3.2.5.3)
R1 R2 Rn

3.3 (Non-inverting
Configuration)
3.3.1 (Non-inverting
Amplifier)

(a) (b)

11 (a)
(b)
 8

11
NI

O R
1 2 (3.3.1.1)
I R1

3.3.2 (Voltage Follower)

12

12
(Buffer)
loading effect

3.4

3.4.1 (Difference Amplifier)

13

R2 R2 R4
O 2 1 ; (3.4.1.1)
R1 R1 R3
9