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CSEC MATHEMATICS
Past Paper Solution May 2008

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2 3 4 2 2 2
** Please see the original past paper for the questions. ii) 6a b 12a b= 6a b b 2a
Only the answers will be provided as per copyright obligations.
2
********************************************************** iii) 2m 9m 5 a = 2, b = 9, c = -5
let pq = ac ; p+q = b
Q1a. s
3.90.27= 4.17 pq = -10; p+q = 9
0.6724=0.82 p = 10, q = -1
2 2
so: 4.17 0.82= 4.99
2m 9m 5 = 2m 10m m 5
b) = 2m m 5m 5
simplifying the numerator :
= 2m 1 m 5
1 4 5 4 17
2 = =
2 5 2 5 10

. Divide Numerator by denominator:

17 3

10 4
17 4 34 4
= = 2
10 3 15 15

**********************************************************

1.b $1Can = J$72.50

$Can 250.00 = J $250 x 72.5 = J$18,125.00

Credit limit = $J 30,000 = $Can (30,000/72.5) = $Can 413.79

Credit card balance = $413.79 $250.00 = $Can 163.79

**********************************************************

Question 2
a = 2, b = -1, c = 3
a(b+c) = 2(-1 +3) = 4
2 2
4b 2ac 4 1 2 2 3 4 12
= = = 2
ab c 21 3 4

b)
i) 4 x5
ii) ab 16
c)
i) 15 4x = 6x +2
15 2=10x 4x
13=10 x
x=1.3

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Q3 Q4.

U
Career # Angle
Doctor 105 35
M
N
Teacher 189 63
Artist 216 72
Lawyer 240 80 16, 18, 20, 17, 19, 23
22, 24
Sales 330 110
Total 1080 360
15,21,25
't = 1080 - ( 240 + 189 + 216 + 330) = 105

Converting to a pie chart angle:

M = prime numbers = 17, 19, 23
0 105 0
N = Even numbers = 16, 18, 20, 22, 24
Doctor = 360 = 35 M N ' = 15, 21, 25
1080

0 189 0
Teacher = 360 = 63 *********************************************************
1080
b.
and so on...
D C
Pie Chart

7 cm 12.1 cm

0
60
Doctor 7 cm
0
A B
( 35 )
Sales
0
( 110 )
Teacher Construction details.
0
( 63 )
1. Draw straight line AB = 7cm
2. Construct 600 BAD using compass
3. Measure AD = 7cm
Artist 4. Set compass to a separation of 7cm and with centre
Lawyer 0
0 ( 72 ) D, construct an arc above B.
( 80 ) 5. Set compass to a separation of 7 cm and with centre
B, construct a second arc to intersect the first arc.
The intersection of the two arcs is the point C.

6. Measure AC = 12.1cm

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Q5.
The diagrams below highlight the main areas of Q5 (see past
paper for original).

R S 10m
RS = 6m 2m

5m A
B
3m
R S
8m x=4m RS = 6m

1.) RS = 8 2 = 6m
2.) x = 10 RS = 4m
Perimeter equal distance around the two objects.
Since A and B are joined at RS, then RS is not taken into
account so:

Perimeter A = 2 ( 5 + 10 ) - RS
= 30 6 = 24m

Perimeter B = 2 ( 8 + 3 ) - RS
= 22 6 = 16m

Perimeter (A+B) = 24 + 16 = 40m

2
Area ( A + B ) = 10 x 5 + 8 x 3 = 74m

Area of floor board = 1m x 20cm

= 1m x 0.2m ( 20cm = 0.2m)
2
= 0.2m

# floor boards needed to cover A

Area A
=
area of floor board
10 5
= = 250
0.2

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Q6 Question 6b Transformation
The diagrams below highlight the main areas of Q6 From the diagram given on the Past paper, we observe the
following:
G
1. Size and Orientation of Object and Image are
maintained
2. P 4,2 Q 6,5
3. P 7,2 Q 9,5

0 0 Q P
32 27
H J K
where :
=
6
5
- 4
2
2
7
Q P

If GH = 12m
and :
=
9
5
- 7
2
2
7
0 GH
Then tan 32 =
HJ
GH 12
The object is transformed by a translation T where :
HJ = 0 = = 19.2m
tan 32 0.6249
T=
2
7

0 GH
similarly tan 27 = *********************************************************
HK
6 b contd.

GH 12
so HK = = = 23.55m y
tan 270 0.5095 y=x
( 2 ,7
7 )

Now JK = HK HJ = 23.55 19.2 = 4.35m ( 4 ,6

6 )
*********************************************************
5 S

(6,4)
4 ( 2 ,4
) ( 4 ,2
)
3
P
(7,2)
2
( 4 ,2 )

0 6 x
1 2 3 4 5 7

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Question 7
(-2, k) w he re k = 14

A(0, 7)

mid(1, 3.5)

B(2, 0)

-2 0 2

y = x -2
-2

General equation = y = mx + c
c = y intercept = 7
y 2 y2 0 7
m = slope = = = 3.5
x2 x1 2 0

1. so equation of line = y= 3.5 x 7

2.
*********************************************************

For a Point ( -2, k ) on this line k = y, and x = - 2

substituting these values in the equation :
y= 3.5 x 7
k =3.5 2 7
k = 14

*********************************************************

If a second line y = x 2, intersects the first line, the point

of intersection is found by making the two equations equal:
x 2 = 3.5 x 7
by solving this equation we get
x= 2, and y = 0
so coordinates of intersection = ( 2, 0)

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Question 8 Section II
2 3 4 2 34
x x x = x )=x
$cost -stamps Quantity $Total
1 6 6 a
3/2
b ab
5/2 3
= a
3/2 5/ 2
b a
1 /2
b
3/2

1.2 6 7.2 3 / 2 1 / 2 5/ 23 /2 2 4
= a b = a b
2.5 6 15
*********************************************************
4 6 24
Total 24 52.2 if f x= 2x 3
1 x 3
then f x =
Total cost of stamps = $52.20 2
so f(2) = 2(2) 3 = 1
03 3
Parcel postage cost = 25.70 and f
1
0 = =
2 2
1. Using as many $4 stamps as possible
= 5 x $4 + 1 x $2.5 + 1 x $1.2 + 2 x $1 = $25.70
1 2x 3 3
also f f x = = x
2
2. Using all the $1 stamps so f
1
f 2 =2
= 6 x $1 + 4 x $4 + 1 x $2.5 + 1x $1.2 = $25.70 *********************************************************

Q 9.c
3. Largest # stamps use all the smallest value stamps y

80
= 6 x $1 + 6 x $1.2 + 5 x $2.5 = $25.70
largetst # = (6+6+5) = 17 stamps, with values as shown 70
above
60

50
slope = 14/20 = 0.7 degree / min
40

30 14

20 20

10

0 10 15
20 30 40 50 60 70 min

0
1. Temperature after 15 min = 50 C
2. Rate of cooling at t = 30 min = gradient of the tangent a t

14 0
t = 30min = = 0.7 C / min
20

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Q10.a Q11 Geometry & Trig

If y 4x= 27 The figs below are used to show the theorems used for this
problem. ( see past paper for original diagram)
y=27 4x ... 1
also if xy x=40 ... 2 S
26
then Substituting 2 into 1
O 128
x 27 4x x= 40
2 R

4x 28x 40=0
2

x 7x 10= 0 26 26
x 2 x5 = 0 P

so x= 2 ; or x=5
*********************************************************
Now: Lines OS and PR are parallel alt. Angle as are
10.b equal:
From the diagram ( see Past paper)
RPS = OSP= 26
0

girls
2. Triangle OPS is isosceles Base angles are equal
B(5,8) - profit = $55 0

OSP = OPS =26
0
(6, 6)

POS =180 2 26 =128
6
5 (10 ,5)
S
T
64

O 128

A(1 ,2) - $13 C(12, 2)- $46

6 10 boys P

1. 10 boys and 5 girls falls outside the feasible region Angle at centre = twice angle at circumference
and therefore cannot be members of the club at the 128 0
PTS = =64
same time. 2

2. 6 boys and 6 girls falls inside the feasible region and

therefore can be members at the same time. S
O

The three equations that define the region are:

1. y2 R
4 26
2. y x 12 26
5
3. y2x 90 28
Q
If Profit equation = 3x + 5y, then max profit occurs at one of P
the three vertices.
Vertex A 3 x 1 + 5 x 2 = $13 Angle between Radius (OP) and Tangent (PQ) = 90
0

Vertex B 3 x 5 + 5 x 8 = $55 ( max Profit)

RPQ =90 2626 = 28
0

Vertex C 3 x 12 + 5 x 2 = $46 Q11 B

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N
N

75 cos 10 = 73.9 km
X T
10 2600
O 47
33
58.5 75 km
r = 8.5
117 0 112

R
B
A 7.25 7.25 68
N
x
56 km 33
68

The diagram above is drawn to illustrate the principles used S

to solve this problem, ( see past paper for original drawing)
Define x as the perpendicular bisector of AB. 1. The completed bearing diagram is shown above.
XOB= AOB 0
RST = 6833=101
7.25
where: sin XOB= = 0.85294
8.5
XOB = sin 0.85294 =
1
58.5
0

0
2. To find RTS we use the sine rule:

AOB=2 58.5=117
56km 75km
************************************************************ =
sin RTS sin 1010
2 0 0 56
Area of triangle AOB = r sin 117 sin RTS = sin 101 = 0.7329
75
= 8.5 2 0.8906 = 32.17 cm
2
1 0
RTS = sin 0.7329 = 47
************************************************************

Area of shaded section

0
3. Bearing of R From T = 18033 47= 260
= Area of Sector AOB Area of triangle AOB

0
area of sector AOB 117
now : =
area of circle 3600
2 117 4. To find the distance TX, we note that Triangle XTR is a
so : Area of sector = r right angled triangle, and:
360
0
2 117 2
XTR =90 4733 = 10
= 8.5 = 73.73 cm
360
2
Shaded area = 73.73 32.17=41.56 cm 0 TX
Hence: cos 10 =
************************************************************ 75
117 TX = 75Cos10
0
= 73.9km
Length of minor arc = 2 r
360
360 117
length of major = 2 r = 36cm
360

Q12.a
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Vector & matrices Given O A = a and O

B =b
a) now if: O A = a then = a
AO (reverse the sign)
B M
A
so
AB = a + b
b P = b a
a

now: OP : PA = 2 : 1
O

2 1
so ; OP= a and
PA = a
3 3

Finding
PM
b)i B M
A
N

1
a
b 3

OB P

2
a
3
B
M
A O

b a

OB P

OA

O
To go from P to M : P to A then A to M

so :
PM =
PA +
AM
but BM = MA
b ii)
1 1
therefore
AM = AB = ( ba )
2 2
Finding
AB

B
AB 1
A and since:
PA = a
3
1 1
a then:
PM = a + ( ba )
b

OB
3 2

OA
1 1 1
= a + b a
3 2 2
O 2a +3b3a
=
6
3ba
=
6
Vector A B ( shown dotted ) is the vector going from point A 1
so: =
PM (3ba )
to point B. Imagine that you are at point A and you wish to get 6
to Point B
First go from A to O and then from O to B

AB =
AO + O B
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13. c) 1
now note that since:
PM = (3ba )
6
N
1
b and
MN = ( 3ba )
2

MN
then :
MN = 3
PM
B
MB M
AM
A

PM
b
1
a
P 3
This completes the proof that :
2
a P , M and N are on a stright line ( collinear)
3
O

Collinear means: On a straight line. nb.

The proof that three point are collinear (on a straight line), is
If the three points P, M and N are collinear then, the two the same as the proof that the two vectors connecting the points
vectors P M and M N that connect these three points
are collinear.
will also be collinear.
Steps:
The proof that two vectors are collinear is that one vector must Find the two vectors connecting the three points
be a constant ( scalar) multiple of the other vector : Show that one vector is a constant multiple of the
other vector i.e V1= k V2
= k PM
M N ( where k is a constant)

1
we have already found
PM = (3ba )
6
so now we need to find
MN

Finding
MN
To go from M to N : M to B then B to N

So:
MN =
MB +
BN
where
BN = O
B = b
1 1
and
MB = AB = ( ba )
2 2

1
so
MN = b + ( ba )
2
1 1
= b + b a
2 2
2b+b a
=
2
1

MN = ( 3ba )
2

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To find the length of

AN : Q 14: Matrices
N 2
b

MN

AN
2
X Y =
2 0 4 1
5 1 3 7
B
MB M

PM

AM
A
=
2 0 2 0 4 1
5 1 5 1 3 7
b

2
P
1
3
a
=
4 0 4 1
5 1 3 7
a

3
8 1
O =
2 8

Finding
AN
Now:
AN =
AO +
ON ***********************************************************
14 c i (a)
where
ON = 2b If H is a 2 x 2 transformation matrix , which represents an
enlargement with scale factor k , then this may be written as:
and
OA =a =
AO a
so
AN = a + 2b
H= ( ) k
0
0
k

now given : a =
6
2
and b = 1
2
If the point D(5, 12) (7.5, 18)
This means that under the transformation (H ) , the
point D(2,5) maps onto its image point at D' (7.5, 18).
This is written in the column matrix format as :

AN =- 6
2
+2
1
2
H D D'
= ( ) ()
6
2
+
2
4
=
4
2 ( )( )
k
0
0
k
5
12
= 7.5
18

5 k = 7.5
Length = 4 2 2 2
= 4.47 and 12 k = 18

7.5
From the first equation : k = = 1.5
5

Note also that we will get the same result for k if we use the
second equation;

Hence: k = 1.5

14 c i (b)
Similarly, under the transformation (H) , the image points E'
and F' , are determined as shown below:
H E F E ' F'

( 1.5 0
0 1.5 )( )
2 8
7 4
=
( 3 12
10.5 6 )
coordinates of E' = (3, 10.5)
coordinates of F' = (12, 6)
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14 c ii (a)

Finding a 2 x 2 transformation matrix

So : let R = a
c
b
d
( transformation matrix)

y where a, b, c and d are unknowns

1 Q( 0, 1 ) R P Q P' Q'
then:
( )( )
a
c
b
d
1 0
0 1
= 0 1
1 0
P(1, 0)
x
0 1
We can now solve for the the unknowns a, b, c, and d
a 1+b0 = 0 .. so a = 0
a0+b1 = 1 .. so b = 1
To Find a 2 x 2 transformation matrix that represents a
clockwise rotation of 900 about the origin: c1+d0 = -1 .. so c = -1
c0+d 1 = 0 .. so b = 0
Consider the Object OPQ above with coordinates P(1, 0) and
Q (0, 1)

Now if rotate this triangle through 900 in a clockwise

Giving: R = ( 0 1
1 0 )
direction about the origin. We note from the graph that
y This result can be obtained faster if we observe that

P Q

Q' ( 1, 0)
x
since
( ) 1 0
0 1
is the identitiy Matrix ( I )

0
1

R P Q R
-1
P' ( 0 , -1)
then:
( )( )
a
c
b
d
1 0
0 1
=
( )
a
c
b
d

P 1,0 P ' 0,1 R P' Q'

and Q 0, 1 Q ' 1, 0
Hence:
( )=
a
c
b
d
0 1
1 0
The means that the object point P( 1, 0) maps unto its image
P'(0, -1) , and the object point Q( 0, 1) maps unto its
corresponding image point Q'( 1, 0) Giving: R = ( 0 1
1 0 )
Our task is now to find a 2 x 2 matrix , that will produce the
exact result that we obtained graphically above. If we define
this transformation matrix as R, then under this
transformation, object points P( 1, 0) and Q( 0, 1) must ( see matrix transformation workbook at www.cxcDirect.org for
map unto their corresponding image points at P'(0, -1) , and tutorial)
Q'( 1, 0)

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14 c ii (b) nb:
Notes on combined transformations:
Under the transformation R:
The image of D', E' F' is D", E", F" :
If H and R represent two separate transformations
That is:
Then the combined transformation that represents H first,
followed by R is writtens as : [R][H]
R D' E' F'

( 0 1
1 0 )( 7.5 3 12
18 10.5 6 ) And the combined transformation that represents R first,
followed by H is writtens as : [H][R]

Note carefully that: [H][R] [R][H]

D' ' E'' F''
=
( (0x7.5+1x18 ) (0x3+1x10.5) (0x12 +1x6)
(1x7.5+0x18) (1x3+0x10.5) (1x12+ 0x6) ) One way to remember the correct order, is to view the two
matrices as functions, and recall that fg ( x) means
function g (first) followed by function f .
D' ' E' ' F' '
=
( 18 10.5
7.5 3 12
6
) so RH ( ) H first then R

so:
coordinates of D'' = ( 18, -7.5 )
coordinates of E'' = ( 10.5, -3 )
coordinates of F'' = ( 6, -12 )

14 c ii (c)

If the symbol H is used to represent the Enlargement, and R

used to represent the rotation, then two successive
transformations, H first, followed R will map the object
points DEF onto its image at D" E" F" .

The 2 x 2 matrix that represent the combined transformation, H

first then R is:

[R][H] = (0 1
1 0 )(1.5 0
0 1.5 )
= ( 0 1.5
1.5 0 )

END

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