1. What is a preliminary reference?

a. Define using Treaty provisions (Art 267) and case law

b. Interpretation and validity
c. Purpose uniformity and effectiveness
2. Referring bodies?
a. What is a court or tribunal?
b. Definition case law
c. Vaassen criteria
d. Special cases e.g. Arbitrators
3. Challenge of workload facing ECJ how has ECJ dealt with this? Valve
factors?
a. Referable questions
b. Referring bodies
c. Discretion or obligation to refer
4. Referable questions?
a. impact on workload
b. Discretion to refer
c. Foglia v Novello I and No 2 and the Impact of this
d. Hypothetical Cases
e. Questions raised irrelevant to the dispute (Meilicke and Dias)
f. Question not articulated clearly or facts not clear
(Telemarsicabruzzo)
g. Information Note on References from National Courts for a
Preliminary Ruling
5. Discretion / Obligation to Refer
a. May / Shall case law question of validity
b. Acte Clair CILFIT
c. Acte Eclaire - CILFIT
6. Functions of PR Procedure
a. Integration, harmonisation etc.
7. Conclusion