Report-1 2m

Reference Calculation Output
1 INTRODUCTION
This report covers detailed design calculations of the box culverts on the B-357
Paranthan Pooneryn road.
The structures are designed as reinforced concrete frame with continuous edges.
Clear span of the selected culvert is 1.2m. Width of the box culvert is selected
with two carriageway lanes of 3.5m and 1.0 m hard shoulder and 1.2m soft
shoulder at either side. Total width of the culvert is 11.4m. The whole structure is
designed as reinforce concrete structure rests on soil.
Considering Contract and the BOQ items already awarded, materials for each
item are selected.
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK FUNDED CONFLICT AFFECTED REGION EMERGENCY PROJECT - PARANTHAN POONERYN ROAD (B357)
Designed HJKG Sandaruwan Date 12/03/2012
BOX CULVERT (CLEAR SPAN - 1.2m)
Checked PIU Samarasignhe Date 12/03/2012
MASTER HELLIE'S ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS (Pvt.) LTD Page 1
DESIGN OF BARRELLED BOX CULVERT
2 DESIGN INFORMATION
General Design Data
Type of the Bridge = Single Cell Box Culvert

Edges = Continuous
Clear Span = 1200 mm
Clear Height = 1000 mm
Wall thickness = 200 mm
Top slab thickness = 250 mm
Bottom slab thickness = 200 mm
Carriageway width = 7000 mm
Width of a notional lane = 3500 mm
Material Properties
Concrete
2
Characteristic strength = 30 N/mm
3
Density = 25 kN/m
Elastic Modulus = 28 kN/mm2
Reinforcement
2
Characteristic strength of tor steel = 460 N/mm
2
Characteristic strength of mild steel = 250 N/mm
Elastic Modulus = 200 kN/mm2
Soil
3
Density = 19 kN/m
Design Codes and Manuals

BS 5400:1990, British Standard Institution Code of Practice for Bridge
Design, and BD Documents
3 LOADS AND LOAD EFFECTS
3.1 VERTICAL LOADS
3.1.1 LIVE LOADS
BS5400:
Part2:1978 Carriage way width = 7.000 m
3.2.9.3.1 Number of Notional lanes = 2
Width of Notional lane = 3.500 m
HA LOADING
BS5400: Loaded length is considered as 1.4m to produce more severe loads on top slab of the box culvert.
Part2:1978
6.2.1
6.2.2
Nominal HA Loads
BS5400: Loaded Length = 1.400 m (< 30m )
Part2:1978 Uniformly distributed load = 30 kN/m per notional lane
6.4.1 Knife edge load = 120 kN per notional lane
HA UDL and KEL shall be applied to two notional lanes to get more severe effect.
HA + HB LOADING
Nominal HB Loads
Unit Loading
Number of HB units = 30
RDA Bridge
Design Unit Load = 2.5 kN per wheel
Manual 2.2.3 Total load = 75 kN per wheel
axle 1 axle 2 axle 3 axle 4

BS5400: Wheel set
Part 2: 1978 1
1m
6.3 Wheel set

2
1m
Wheel set
3
1m
Wheel set
4
1.8m 6m 1.8m
Overall length of HB vehicle is assumed as 10m to produce more severe effect.
BS 5400 HB load straddle two lanes shall be applied .

Part 2: 1978
6.4.2.2 Axle 1 of the HB vehicle is moved on the top slab to produce more
severe loads and load effects.
3.1.2 DEAD LOADS
Self weight
2
Top slab 0.25x25 = 6.25 kNm/m
2
Bottom slab 0.20x25 = 5.00 kNm/m
2
Wall 0.20x25 = 5.00 kNm/m
2
Uniform pressure on slab due to wearing coarse = 1.15 kNm/m
Assume wearing coarse thickness (50mm)
Uniform line load due to parapet wall = 3.00 kNm/m
3.2 HORIZONTAL LOADS
3.2.1 TRACTION OR BRAKING FORCES
Load Combination 4
More severe load resulting from nominal load for type HA or HB
BS5400:
Part 2 Nominal load for HA Loadings = 8 kN/m of loaded length+200 kN<700 kN
6.6.1
FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE
Top slab only
Loaded length = Top slab length length
= 1.600 m (clear span, 1.2 + wall thickness 0.2x2)
Nominal load for HA Loadings = 1.6x8+200 = 213 kN
Traction force on abutment = 213x1.0 kN
= 213 kN
BS5400:
Part 2 1978
6.6.2
Nominal load for HB Loadings = 25% of HB loading
= 75x16/4x25% = 75 kN Traction force
213 kN
(Only one axial of HB vehicle can be placed on the top slab)
3.2.2 EARTH PRESSURES
Friction angle is considering as 30 degrees.

Loads and load effects in all stages are calculated using Active conditions.
Active conditions
Coulomb Theory for active conditions
= ( h+q)ka
Earth pressure co-efficient at active condition, k a
2
ka = cos sec
1/2 2
{1+[ (sin ( + ) sin( )]/cos cos )] }
= internal friction angle = wall- soil friction angle

= inclination of the back fill
where
= 30 deg = 0 deg
To get worse condition = 0
2
ka = cos = 0.333
[1+sin
At rest conditions
= ( h+q)k0
Earth pressure co-efficient at active condition, k a
k0 = (1- sin
k0 = 0.5
3.2.3 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURES

Consider the hydrostatic pressure upto weep holes level will cancel out.
2
w = 9.81 kN/m
3.2.4 WIND FORCES

Load Combination 2
Wind forces are not critical for box culvert
3.3 LOAD COMBINATIONS
fl to be considered in combination
Load Case ULS 1-1 ULS 1-2 SLS 1-1. SLS 1-2 ULS 4-1 ULS 4-2
Self Weight 1.15 1.15 1.00 1.00 1.15 1.15
Wearing Surface 1.75 1.75 1.20 1.20 1.75 1.75
Parapet Wall 1.75 1.75 1.20 1.20 1.75 1.75
Soil 1.20 1.20 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.20
Soil Pressure 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.50
HA Primary Live Load 1.50 1.50 1.20 1.20 1.25 1.25
HB Primary Live Load 1.30 1.30 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10
HA Surcharge 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.50
HB Surcharge 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.50
Traction Force - - - - 1.25 1.25
3.4 SERVICIBILITY LIMITE STATE DESIGN
3.4.1 BEARING PRESSURE
2
Expected Bearing pressure of soil = 100.0 kN/m
2
Design Bearing Pressure underneath the foundation = 69.7 kN/m
Hence ok
3.4.2 CRACK WIDTH

Design Crack with of top slab = 0.176 mm
Design Crack with of bottom slab = 0.004 mm
Hence ok
3.4.3 DEFLECTION
Deflection check is not critical for box culvert
3.5 Critical Bending Moment and Shear Force at ULS & SLS
Element Location Load Combination Bending Moment Shear
ULS 4-1* 20.1 -

In Chamfer
ULS 4-2* 21.8 -
ULS 4-1* 12.9 60.5
Adjacent to Chamfer
ULS 4-2* 13.7 91.7
Top Slab ULS 1-1* 21.6 -
ULS 1-2* 28.6 -
Mid Span SLS 1-1* 18.4 -
SLS 1-2* 24.5 -
ULS1-1 &
20.7 -
ULS 1-2**
ULS 4-1* 16.1 -
In Chamfer
ULS 4-2* 17.6 -
ULS 4-1* 11.6 41
Adjacent to Chamfer
ULS 4-2* 12.6 46
Bottom Slab ULS 4-1* 10.7 -
ULS 4-2* 11.7 -
Mid Span SLS 1-1* 6.0 -
SLS 1-2* 6.8 -
ULS1-1 & ULS
3.7
1-2**
ULS 4-1*** 20.3 54
Adjacent to Chamfer
ULS 4-2*** 21.2 58
Abutment ULS 4-1*** 4.8 -
Wall
Mid Span ULS 4-2*** 3.7 -
ULS4-1 & ULS
6.9 -
4-2****
ULS 1-1**** 35.2 39..2
In Chamfer
ULS 1-2**** 37.5 41.9
Wing Wall ULS 1-1**** 27.8 -
Adjacent to Chamfer
ULS 1-2**** 29.8 -
ULS1-1 & ULS
Mid Span 6.4 -
1-2***
* Bending moment about Transverse Axis

** Bending moment about Longitudinal Axis
*** Bending moment about Horizontal Axis
**** Bending moment about Vertical Axis
The analysis of the structure has been carried out using SAP 2000 ver. 14

4 DESIGN
4.1 DESIGN OF TOP SLAB
4.1.1 DESIGN ABOUT TRANSVERSE AXIS AT SUPPORT (TOP REINFORCEMENT)
4.1.1.1 DESIGN FOR BENDING IN CHAMPHER
Characteristic strength of concrete, fcu 2

= 30 N/mm
Characteristic strength of reinforcement, f y 2
= 460 N/mm
Average thickness of Chamfer, h = 325 mm
Bending moment from SAP out put = 21.8 kNm/m

(Load case 4-2)
BS 5400 Partial load factor, f3 = 1.1

Part 4: 1990
4.2.3 Design bending moment, design = 24.0 kNm/m Mx = 24
kNm/m
RDA Bridge Assume severe environment condition, for driving rain
Design Cover = 45 mm Cover
Manual:1997 = 45 mm
Diameter of main reinforcement = 10 mm
Diameter of secondary reinforcement = 10 mm
Effective depth, d = 325-45-10/2 = 275 mm d = 275 mm
BS 5400 M = (0.87fy)Asz equation 1

Part 4: 1990 z = (1 - 1.1fyAs/ fcubd) d equation 5 from these two equations
5.3.2.3
2 1/2
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5M/fcubd ) ]
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5x23.98x1000000/30x1000x275x275)1/2]
= 0.987 d > 0.950 d
Hence not o.k
Z = 0.950 d
= 0.95x275 = 261.3 mm
Main reinforcement
equation 1 As = M / 0.87fyz
2 As req
= 23.98x106/0.87x460x261.3 = 229 mm /m =
2
229 mm /m
2
Use T 10 @ 125 ( As = 628 mm ) As pro =
2
628 mm /m
Hence o.k
BS 5400 Check for minimum reinforcement (considering average d value in the Chamfer, d =275)
Part 4: 1990 100As / bad = 100x628/(1000x275) = 0.228 > 0.15 Main reinforcement
5.8.4.1 T 10 @ 125
Hence o.k

4.1.1.2 DESIGN FOR BENDING ADJECENT TO CHAMPHER

= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm
Thickness of top slab, h = 250 mm

(Load case 4-2)

Part 4: 1990
kNm/m
Manual:1997 = 45 mm

5.3.2.3
2 1/2
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5M/fcubd ) ]
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5x15.07x1000000/30x1000x200x200)1/2]
= 0.984 d > 0.950 d
Hence not o.k
Z = 0.950 d
= 0.95x200 = 190.0 mm
Main reinforcement
2 As req
= 15.07x106/0.87x460x190 = 198 mm /m =
2
198 mm /m
2
Use T 10 @ 125 ( As = 628 mm ) As pro =
2
628 mm /m
Hence o.k
BS 5400 Check for minimum reinforcement

5.8.4.1 T 10 @ 125
Hence o.k

4.1.1.2 DESIGN FRO BENDING ABOUT TRANSVERSE AXIS AT MIDSPAN (BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT)

= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm

(Load case 1-2)

Part 4: 1990
4.2.3 Design bending moment, design = 31 kNm/m Mx = 31
kNm/m
Manual:1997 = 45 mm

5.3.2.3
2 1/2
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5M/fcubd ) ]
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5x31.46x1000000/30x1000x199x199)1/2]
= 0.966 d > 0.950 d
Hence not o.k
Z = 0.950 d
= 0.95x199 = 189.1 mm
Main reinforcement
2 As req
= 31.46x106/0.87x460x189.1 = 416 mm /m =
2
416 mm /m
2
Use T 12 @ 125 ( As = 905 mm ) As pro =
2
905 mm /m
Hence o.k

5.8.4.1 T 12 @ 125
Hence o.k

4.1.2 DESIGN ABOUT LONGITUDINAL AXIS AT MID SPAN

4.1.2.1 DESIGN FOR BENDING (TOP AND BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT)

= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm

(Load case 1-2)

Part 4: 1990
4.2.3 Maximum design bending moment = 22.8 kNm/m Mx = 23
kNm/m
Manual:1997 = 45 mm
Effective depth, d = 250-45-12-10/2 = 188 mm d = 188 mm

5.3.2.3
2 1/2
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5M/fcubd ) ]
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5x22.77x1000000/30x1000x188x188)1/2]
= 0.972 d > 0.950 d
Hence not o.k
Z = 0.950 d
= 0.95x188 = 178.6 mm
Main reinforcement
2 As req
= 22.77x106/0.87x460x178.6 = 319 mm /m =
2
319 mm /m
2
Use T 10 @ 150 ( As = 524 mm ) As pro =
2
524 mm /m
Hence o.k

5.8.4.1 T 10 @ 150
Hence o.k

4.1.3 DESIGN FOR SHEAR

= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm
BS 5400 Thickness of top slab, h = 250 mm
Part 4:1990
Table 13 Assume severe environment condition, for driving rain
RDA Bridge Cover = 45 mm Cover
Design = 45 mm
Manual:1997
Shear Force at a distance from the wall face, d =200 from SAP out put
(Load case 1-2) = 91.7 kN/m

Part 4: 1990 Design shear force, V design = 101 kN/m V = 101 kN/m
4.2.3 Effective depth, d = 200 mm
BS 5400 Design shear stress, V = V / bd

Part 4: 1990 = (100.87x1000) / (1000x200)
5.3.3.1 = 0.50 N/mm2 v =
1/2
equation 8 0.75X(fcu) = 0.75x(30)1/2 = 4.1079 N/mm
2
0.50 N/mm
2
Design shear stress, v = 0.50 < 0.75x(fcu)1/2 or 4.75 N/mm

2
Hence O.K
1/3 1/3
BS 5400 Allow. shear resistance = (0.27/ m)(100As/bwd) (fcu) s
Part 4: 1990 , sv c
5.3.3.2 Where, depth ratio, s
= (500/d)1/4
= (500/200)^1/4
= 1.26 or 0.7 (greater value)
sv c
= (0.27/1.25)x(100x628/1000x200)x1/3x(30)^1/3x1.26
2
= 0.57 N/mm
Final concrete shear stress, sv c

2
= 0.57 > v = 0.50 N/mm
Hence shear reinforcement is not required sv c
DESIGN OF SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT

BS 5400 Requirement for secondary reinforcement
Part 4: 1990
2
5.8.4.2 (0.12/100)btd = (0.12/100x1000x200) = 240 mm /m
2
Use T 10 @ 150 ( As = 524 mm ) Secondary
reinforcement
T 10 @ 150
4.2 DESIGN OF BASE SLAB
4.2.1 DESIGN ABOUT TRANSVERSE AXIS AT SUPPORT (BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT)

= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm
Thickness of bottom slab at Chamfer, h = 275 mm

(Load case 4-2)

Part 4: 1990
kNm/m
Manual:1997 = 45 mm

5.3.2.3
2 1/2
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5M/fcubd ) ]
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5x19.36x1000000/30x1000x225x225)1/2]
= 0.984 d > 0.950 d
Hence not o.k
Z = 0.950 d
= 0.95x225 = 213.8 mm
Main reinforcement
2 As req
= 19.36x106/0.87x460x213.8 = 226 mm /m =
2
226 mm /m
2
Use T 10 @ 125 ( As = 628 mm ) As pro =
2
628 mm /m
Hence o.k
BS 5400 Check for minimum reinforcement (considering average d value in the Chamfer, d =225)
Part 4: 1990 100As / bad = 100x225/(1000x237.5) = 0.279 > 0.15 Main reinforcement
5.8.4.1 T 10 @ 125
Hence o.k


= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm

(Load case 4-2)

Part 4: 1990
kNm/m
Manual:1997 = 45 mm

5.3.2.3
2 1/2
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5M/fcubd ) ]
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5x13.86x1000000/30x1000x150x150)1/2]
= 0.974 d > 0.950 d
Hence not o.k
Z = 0.950 d
= 0.95x150 = 142.5 mm
Main reinforcement
2 As req
= 13.86x106/0.87x460x142.5 = 243 mm /m =
2
243 mm /m
2
Use T 10 @ 125 ( As = 628 mm ) As pro =
2
628 mm /m
Hence o.k

5.8.4.1 T 10 @ 125
Hence o.k

4.2.2 DESIGN ABOUT TRANVERSE AXIS AT MIDSPAN (TOP REINFORCEMENT)

= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm
Thickness of bottom slab, h = 200 mm

(Load case 4-2)

Part 4: 1990
kNm/m
Manual:1997 = 45 mm

5.3.2.3
2 1/2
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5M/fcubd ) ]
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5x12.87x1000000/30x1000x150x150)1/2]
= 0.976 d > 0.950 d
Hence not o.k
Z = 0.950 d
= 0.95x150 = 142.5 mm
Main reinforcement
2 As req
= 12.87x106/0.87x460x142.5 = 226 mm /m =
2
226 mm /m
2
Use T 10 @ 125 ( As = 628 mm ) As pro =
2
628 mm /m
Hence o.k

5.8.4.1 T 10 @ 125
Hence o.k

4.2.3 DESIGN ABOUT LONGITUDINAL AXIS (TOP AND BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT)

= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm

(Load case 1-2)

Part 4: 1990
4.2.3 Maximum design bending moment = 4.1 kNm/m Mx = 4
kNm/m
Manual:1997 = 45 mm

5.3.2.3
2 1/2
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5M/fcubd ) ]
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5x4.07x1000000/30x1000x140x140)1/2]
= 0.991 d > 0.950 d
Hence not o.k
Z = 0.950 d
= 0.95x140 = 133.0 mm
Main reinforcement
2 As req
= 4.07x106/0.87x460x133 = 76 mm /m =
2
76 mm /m
2
Use T 10 @ 150 ( As = 524 mm ) As pro =
2
524 mm /m
Hence o.k

5.8.4.1 T 10 @ 150
Hence o.k


= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm
Part 4:1990
Design = 45 mm
Manual:1997
(Load case 4-2) = 46 kN/m


Part 4: 1990 = (50.6x1000) / (1000x150)
5.3.3.1 = 0.34 N/mm2 v =
1/2
2
0.34 N/mm
2

2
Hence O.K
1/3 1/3
Part 4: 1990 , sv c
= (500/d)1/4
= (500/150)^1/4
sv c
= (0.27/1.25)x(100x628/1000x150)x1/3x(30)^1/3x1.35
2
= 0.68 N/mm
Final concrete shear stress, sv c

2
= 0.68 > v = 0.34 N/mm
4.2.5 DESIGN OF SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT

BS 5400 Requirement for secondary reinforcement
Part 4: 1990
2
5.8.4.2 (0.12/100)btd = (0.12/100)x1000x1.1) = 180.0 mm /m
2
Use T 10 @ 150 ( As = 524 mm ) Secondary
reinforcement
T 10 @ 150

4.2.6 DESIGN TO CONTROL THERMAL CRACKING
BD 28/87
To control crack spacing there must be sufficient reinforcement so that the
5.1 reinforcement will not yield before the tensile strength of the immature concrete is
exceeded. This is achieved by satisfying the equation below,
Minimum reinforcement area, As = (fct* / fy ) Ac
6
BD 28/87 Area of effective concrete, Ac = 1000 x 250/2 = 0.125 x 10
2
5.2 mm /m
275
1000
2
Characteristic tensile strength of reinforcement, fy = 460 N/mm
2
Characteristic cube strength of concrete , fcu = 30 N/mm
Tensile strength of immature concrete, fct*
0.7
= 0.12(fcu)
fct* = 0.12 x (30)0.7 = 1.30 N/mm
2
Therefore,
Minimum reinforcement area, As = (1.3 / 460) x 0.3 x 106
2
= 353 mm /m As req = 353
2
mm /m
2
Use T 10 @ 125 ( As pro = 628.32 mm /m ) Use
T 10 @ 125
BD 28/87 In addition to controlling the spacing of cracks, the reinforcement must be adequate to
5.3 ensure that crack widths do not exceed the permissible values. This is achieved by
satisfying the equation below,
Required reinforcement area, As = (fct* / fb) Ac ( / 2w) [R ( sh + th) - 0.5 ult]
BD 28/87 The ratio of the tensile strength of the immature concrete to the average bond strength
5.4 between the reinforcement and the immature concrete,
(fct* / fb) = 0.67 (fct* / fb)
(for Type 2 deformed bars) = 0.67
6
BD 28/87 Area of effective concrete, Ac = 1000 x 25/2 = 0.125 x 10 Ac = 0.125 x 106
2 2
5.2 mm /m mm /m
BS 5400: Assume severe environment condition, for driving rain

Part 4: 1990 Permissible crack width, w = 0.25 mm w = 0.25 mm
Table 1
BS 5400: Shrinkage strain, sh = kL kc ke kj
Part 4: 1990 These coefficients are valid only for concretes that have been protected from
Appendix C excessive losses of moisture in their early days. Therefore, concrete shall be protected
from excessive losses of moisture in their early days.
-6
fig.14 kL = 200 x 10
(for 80% Relative humidity)
fig.11 kc = 1.1
3
(for w/c- 0.45 & cement con.-400kg/m )
fig.15 ke = 0.75
(for effective thickness 250 mm)
fig.13 kj = 0.30
(for 75 days)
-6
Therefore, Shrinkage strain, sh = 50 x10 sh
-6
= 50 x10
BD 28/87 Thermal strain, th = 0.8 (T1+ T2)
5.7
BD 28/87 Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete, = 12 x 10-6 per oC
o
5.8 Short-term fall in temperature, T1 = 43 C
Table 1
3
(Assume that, Cement content - 400 kg/m maximum value given in BD document,
18mm Plywood form work, Summer condition & Thickness of section <500mm)
o
BD 28/87 Long-term fall in temperature, T2 = 0 C
5.9 (Length of slab< 15m)
0
T2 assumed as 0 C for width of section lesser than 15m
-6
Therefore, Thermal strain, th = 413 x10 th
= 412.8 x10-6
BD 28/87 Restraint factor, External R = 0.60 R, external
5.11 (edge restraint for box type) = 0.6
Table 2
-6
BD 28/87 Ultimate tensile strain capacity of concrete, ult = 200 x10
5.3
Reinforcement required for external thermal
cracking, As = 29.7
2
Try T 10 As req = 297 mm /m
2
Use T 10 @ 150 ( As pro = 524 mm /m ) Use
T 10 @ 150
4.2.7 DESIGN FOR CRACK WIDTH AT SERVICEABILITY STATE
TOP SLAB, BOTTOM LAYER

Consider load case 1
BS 5400 As it results in a higher bending moment than loading case 1-1, Loading case
Part 4 1-2 is considered to calculate the crack width.
5.8.8.2
eq : 24 Design crack width = 3acr m
1+2(acr-Cnom)/(h-dc)
2
As Provided = 905 mm /m
= As/bd
b = 1000 mm d = 199 mm
= 0.0045
2 2
Es = 200 kN/mm Ec = 28 kN/mm
e = 2Es/Ec
e = 14.286
1/2
dc/d = e [(1+2/ e ) -1]
Depth of concrete in
compression dc = 60.0 mm
z = d-dc/3
= 179 mm
Check for stress levels
Bending moment at
serviceability limit state (Ms) = 24.5 kNm/m
c = 2Ms/bzdc
2 2
BS 5400 c = 4.57 N/mm < a = 15 N/mm
Part 4 Hence ok
Table 2
se = Ms/zAs
2 2
= 151.3 N/mm < s = 345 N/mm
Hence ok
BS 5400 m = 1-
-9
5.8.8.2 = {(3.8).bt.h.(a'-dc)/( s.As.(h-dc)}.{(1-Mq/Mg).10 }
eq : 25
1 = My1/EcIc M = 25 kNm
3 3 2
Ic = bd {1/3(dc/d) +eAs/bd(1-dc/d) }
9 4
0.32 x 10 mm
y1 = 190 mm
-3
1 = 1.034 x 10
s = Mys/EcIc
-3
= 0.38 x 10
Mq = 21.4 Mg = 3.1
-3
= -16.39 x 10
m = 1 -
-3
= 1.034 x 10
m< 0, m = 1
Use r/f T 12 @ 125

a1 = 62.5 mm
d' = 51.0 mm
2 2 1/2
acr = (d' +a1 ) - 12/2
acr = 74.67 mm
BS 5400 Design crack width = 3acr m
Part 4 1+2(acr-cnom)/(h-dc)
eq : 24
= 0.176 mm < 0.25 mm
Hence ok

4.2.7 DESIGN FOR CRACK WIDTH AT SERVICEABILITY
BOTTOM SLAB, TOP LAYER

Consider load case 1
BS 5400 As it results in a higher bending moment than loading case 1-1, Loading case
Part 4 1-2 is considered to calculate the crack width.
5.8.8.2
eq : 24 Design crack width = 3acr m
1+2(acr-Cnom)/(h-dc)
2
As Provided = 905 mm /m
= As/bd
b = 1000 mm d = 150 mm
= 0.0060
2 2
Es = 200 kN/mm Ec = 28 kN/mm
e = 2Es/Ec
e = 14.286
1/2
dc/d = e [(1+2/ e ) -1]
Depth of concrete in
compression dc = 50.7 mm
z = d-dc/3
= 133 mm
Check for stress levels
Bending moment at
serviceability limit state (Ms) = 6.8 kNm/m
c = 2Ms/bzdc
2 2
BS 5400 c = 2.02 N/mm < a = 15 N/mm
Part 4 Hence ok
Table 2
se = Ms/zAs
2 2
= 56.5 N/mm < s = 345 N/mm
Hence ok
BS 5400 m = 1-
-9
5.8.8.2 = {(3.8).bt.h.(a'-dc)/( s.As.(h-dc)}.{(1-Mq/Mg).10 }
eq : 25
1 = My1/EcIc M = 6.8 kNm
3 3 2
Ic = bd {1/3(dc/d) +eAs/bd(1-dc/d) }
9 4
0.17 x 10 mm
y1 = 149 mm
-3
1 = 0.424 x 10
s = Mys/EcIc
-3
= 0.14 x 10
Mq = 2.8 Mg = 4.0
-3
= 0.40 x 10
m = 1 -
-3
= 0.023 x 10 <0
m< 0, m = 0
Use r/f T 10 @ 125

a1 = 62.5 mm
d' = 50.0 mm
2 2 1/2
acr = (d' +a1 ) - 16/2
acr = 75.0 mm
BS 5400 Design crack width = 3acr m
Part 4 1+2(acr-cnom)/(h-dc)
eq : 24
= 0.004 mm < 0.25 mm
Hence ok

4.3 DESIGN OF SIDE WALLS
4.3.1 DESIGN ABOUT HORIZONTAL AXIS - AT WALL TOP AND BOTTOM

= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm
Thickness of wall, h = 200 mm

(Load case 4-2)

Part 4: 1990
kNm/m
Manual:1997 = 45 mm

5.3.2.3
2 1/2
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5M/fcubd ) ]
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5x23.32x1000000/30x1000x150x150)1/2]
= 0.955 d > 0.950 d
Hence not o.k
Z = 0.950 d
= 0.95x150 = 142.5 mm
Main reinforcement
2 As req
= 23.32x106/0.87x460x142.5 = 409 mm /m =
2
409 mm /m
2
Use T 10 @ 125 ( As = 628 mm ) As pro =
2
628 mm /m
Hence o.k

5.8.4.1 T 10 @ 125
Hence o.k

4.3.2 DESIGN ABOUT VERTICLE AXIS

= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm

(Load case 1-2)

Part 4: 1990
kNm/m
Manual:1997 = 45 mm

5.3.2.3
2 1/2
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5M/fcubd ) ]
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5x7.59x1000000/30x1000x140x140)1/2]
= 0.984 d > 0.950 d
Hence not o.k
Z = 0.950 d
= 0.95x140 = 133.0 mm
Main reinforcement
2 As req
= 7.59x106/0.87x460x133 = 143 mm /m =
2
143 mm /m
2
Use T 10 @ 150 ( As = 524 mm ) As pro =
2
524 mm /m
Hence o.k

5.8.4.1 T 10 @ 150
Hence o.k


= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm
Part 4:1990
Design = 45 mm
Manual:1997
(Load case 4-2) = 58 kN/m


Part 4: 1990 = (63.8x1000) / (1000x140)
5.3.3.1 = 0.46 N/mm2 v =
1/2
2
0.46 N/mm
2

2
Hence O.K
1/3 1/3
Part 4: 1990 , sv c
= (500/d)1/4
= (500/140)^1/4
sv c
= (0.27/1.25)x(100x0/1000x140)x1/3x(30)^1/3x1.37
2
= 0.66 N/mm
Hence shear reinforcement is not required
4.4 DESIGN OF WING WALLS
4.4.1 DESIGN ABOUT VERTICAL AXIS

= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm
Average thickness of wall at Chamfer, h = 300 mm

(Load case 1-2)

Part 4: 1990
kNm/m
Manual:1997 = 45 mm

5.3.2.3
2 1/2
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5M/fcubd ) ]
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5x41.25x1000000/30x1000x249x249)1/2]
= 0.971 d > 0.950 d
Hence not o.k
Z = 0.950 d
= 0.95x249 = 236.6 mm
Main reinforcement
2 As req
= 41.25x106/0.87x460x236.6 = 436 mm /m =
2
436 mm /m
2
Use T 12 @ 150 ( As = 754 mm ) As pro =
2
754 mm /m
Hence o.k

5.8.4.1 T 12 @ 150
Hence o.k


= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm
Thickness of wing wall, h = 200 mm

(Load case 1-2)

Part 4: 1990
kNm/m
Manual:1997 = 45 mm

5.3.2.3
2 1/2
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5M/fcubd ) ]
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5x32.78x1000000/30x1000x149x149)1/2]
= 0.934 d < 0.950 d
Hence o.k
Z = 0.934 d
= 0.934x149 = 139.2 mm
Main reinforcement
2 As req
= 32.78x106/0.87x460x139.2 = 588 mm /m =
2
588 mm /m
2
Use T 12 @ 150 ( As = 754 mm ) As pro =
2
754 mm /m
Hence o.k

5.8.4.1 T 12 @ 150
Hence o.k

4.4.2 DESIGN ABOUT HORIZONTAL AXIS
4.4.2.1 DESIGN FOR BENDING

= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm
Thickness of wing wall, h = 200 mm

(Load case 1-2)

Part 4: 1990
kNm/m
Manual:1997 = 45 mm

5.3.2.3
2 1/2
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5M/fcubd ) ]
z = 0.5d [1+ (1-5x7.04x1000000/30x1000x138x138)1/2]
= 0.984 d > 0.950 d
Hence not o.k
Z = 0.950 d
= 0.95x138 = 131.1 mm
Main reinforcement
2 As req
= 7.04x106/0.87x460x131.1 = 134 mm /m =
2
134 mm /m
2
Use T 10 @ 150 ( As = 524 mm ) As pro =
2
524 mm /m
Hence o.k

5.8.4.1 T 10 @ 150
Hence o.k


= 30 N/mm
= 460 N/mm
BS 5400 Thickness of wing wall, h = 200 mm
Part 4:1990
Design = 45 mm
Manual:1997
(Load case 1-2) = 41.9 kN/m


Part 4: 1990 = (46.09x1000) / (1000x149)
5.3.3.1 = 0.31 N/mm2 v =
1/2
2
0.31 N/mm
2

2
Hence O.K
1/3 1/3
Part 4: 1990 , sv c
= (500/d)1/4
= (500/149)^1/4
sv c
= (0.27/1.25)x(100x0/1000x149)x1/3x(30)^1/3x1.35
2
= 0.64 N/mm
Hence shear reinforcement is not required

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Reference Calculation Output

DESIGN OF BARRELLED BOX CULVERT

General Design Data

Type of the Bridge = Single Cell Box Culvert

Design Codes and Manuals

axle 1 axle 2 axle 3 axle 4

6.3 Wheel set

Overall length of HB vehicle is assumed as 10m to produce more severe effect.

BS 5400 HB load straddle two lanes shall be applied .

3.1.2 DEAD LOADS

Uniform line load due to parapet wall = 3.00 kNm/m

Friction angle is considering as 30 degrees.

= internal friction angle = wall- soil friction angle

To get worse condition = 0

3.2.3 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURES

3.2.4 WIND FORCES

3.3 LOAD COMBINATIONS

3.4.2 CRACK WIDTH

Element Location Load Combination Bending Moment Shear

ULS 4-1* 20.1 -

* Bending moment about Transverse Axis

Designed HJKG Sandaruwan Date 12/03/2012

Characteristic strength of concrete, fcu 2

Bending moment from SAP out put = 21.8 kNm/m

BS 5400 Partial load factor, f3 = 1.1

Effective depth, d = 325-45-10/2 = 275 mm d = 275 mm

BS 5400 M = (0.87fy)Asz equation 1

Hence not o.k

Designed HJKG Sandaruwan Date 12/03/2012

4.1.1.2 DESIGN FOR BENDING ADJECENT TO CHAMPHER

Characteristic strength of concrete, fcu 2

Bending moment from SAP out put = 13.7 kNm/m

BS 5400 Partial load factor, f3 = 1.1

Effective depth, d = 250-45-10/2 = 200 mm d = 200 mm

BS 5400 M = (0.87fy)Asz equation 1

Hence not o.k

BS 5400 Check for minimum reinforcement

Designed HJKG Sandaruwan Date 12/03/2012

Characteristic strength of concrete, fcu 2

Bending moment from SAP out put = 28.6 kNm/m

BS 5400 Partial load factor, f3 = 1.1

Effective depth, d = 250-45-12/2 = 199 mm d = 199 mm

BS 5400 M = (0.87fy)Asz equation 1

Hence not o.k

BS 5400 Check for minimum reinforcement

Designed HJKG Sandaruwan Date 12/03/2012

4.1.2 DESIGN ABOUT LONGITUDINAL AXIS AT MID SPAN

Characteristic strength of concrete, fcu 2

Bending moment from SAP out put = 20.7 kNm/m

BS 5400 Partial load factor, f3 = 1.1

Effective depth, d = 250-45-12-10/2 = 188 mm d = 188 mm

BS 5400 M = (0.87fy)Asz equation 1

Hence not o.k

BS 5400 Check for minimum reinforcement

Designed HJKG Sandaruwan Date 12/03/2012

Characteristic strength of concrete, fcu 2

BS 5400 Partial load factor, f3 = 1.1

BS 5400 Design shear stress, V = V / bd

Design shear stress, v = 0.50 < 0.75x(fcu)1/2 or 4.75 N/mm

Final concrete shear stress, sv c

DESIGN OF SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT

Characteristic strength of concrete, fcu 2

Bending moment from SAP out put = 17.6 kNm/m