2

6.1

6.1

(Sonata form)
(Theme and Variation)
(Minuet and Trio)
(Rondo form)
(Melodic contour)
(Melodic unit)
(Melodic development)
(Tonality)
(Chord)
(Cadence)
(Time)
(Tempo)
(Tone colour)
(Intensity)

6 1
6.1 (Form structure)

(Forms) (Movement)
3 4

1. (Sonata form Sonata-allegro form)

2. (Theme and Variations)
3. (Minuet and Trio)
4. (Rondo form)

6.1.1 (Sonata form)

(Sonata form Sonata-allegro form)

(Exposition)
(Development)

(Recapitulation)
6.1

6.1 Sonata form

Exposition (Statement) Development Recapitulation (Restatement)

Introduction (optional)
First theme

First theme Builds up tension against the

return to tonic key: Bridge or Transition

Bridge or Transition Frequent modulation to

foreign keys, and Second theme
Fragmentation and
Second theme manipulation of theme and
motives Closing theme

Closing theme Cadence in tonic

Coda
Cadence in contrasting key
Machlis J. & Forney K. 2003, the Enjoyment of Music: an Introduction to Perceptive Listening, p.237

6 2
 (A) (Exposition) (Theme)
Exposition

(Introduction):

1 (First theme):
(Tonic key)
(Bridge or Transition): 1 2
(Modulation)
Dominant (relative key)
2 (Second theme):
Dominant Relative major
minor
(Closing theme):

(B) (Development)
1 2
(Sequence) (Imitation) (Repetition)
(Variation)
(Modulation)
Dominant

(A/) (Recapitulation) (Exposition)

1 2
(Exposition) (Recapitulation)
2
2

6 3
 (Coda)

6.1.2 (Theme and Variations)

(Theme) (Variation)

2 (Theme) (Variation)
(coda)

(Theme)

(Variation) (Theme)
1 (variation 1) 2 (Variation 2)

6.1.3 (Minuet and Trio)

(Minuet and Trio) (Ternary form)

Minuet
Trio

Minuet and Trio 3 Minuet (A) Trio (B)

Minuet (A) 6.2
6 4
 6.2 Minuet and Trio

Minuet (A) Trio (B) Minuet (A)

II: a :ll: ba :ll ll: c :ll: dc :ll aba
or or or
ll: a :ll: b :ll ll: c :ll: d :ll a-b
Machlis J. & Forney K. 2003, the Enjoyment of Music: an Introduction to Perceptive Listening, p.238

6.1.4 (Rondo form)

(Rondo form)
(A)
(Episode)

(A) A
1 (Episode)
A
A (coda)
6.3

6.3

ABABA
(Simple Rondo-form)
ABACA
(Five-part Rondo-form)
ABACABA
(Seven-part Rondo-form)

6 5
 C B


(A)

(A) (Re-transition)

(coda)

6 6
6.2 (Melodic structure)

(Melody)

2

1. (Melodic contour)
2. (Melodic unit)
3. (Melodic development)

6.2.1 (Melodic contour)

1. (Direction)
6.1 6.2

6.1 String Quartet in C-sharp minor, op. 131 Beethoven

6.2 Sonata No.8 in C minor Beethoven

6 7
 2. (Progression)

(Conjunct progression)
1 (Unison) 2 6.3

6.3 Sonata in A Major, Op.12 No.2 for Violin and Piano Beethoven

(Disjunct progression)
2 6.4

6.4 Symphony No.94 (2nd movement) Haydn

6.2.2 (Melodic unit)

1. (Motive)
6.5

Motive Motive Motive Motive

6.5 Sonata Op.12, No.2 Beethoven

6 8
 2. (Phrase)
(cadences)
- (Antecedent
Consequent) , ,
, 6.6
6.7

1 2

6.6 Piano Concerto in D minor K.466 Mozart

1 2

6.7 Quintet in A major, K.581 for Clarinet and Strings Mozart

3. (Period) (phrase) 2
2
1 6.6 6.7

6.2.3 (Melodic development)

6 9
 1. (Repetition) ,
6.8

Sequence

Repetition Repetition

6.8 Sonata Op.12, No.2 Beethoven

2. (Sequence)


6.8 6.9

Sequence

6.9 String Quartet in B-flat Haydn

3. (Inversion)
6.10

Inversion Inversion

6.10 String Quartet in A major, Op.3, No.1 Haydn

6 10
 4. (Variation)
6.11

Variation

6.11 String Quartet in C Major, Op.33, No.3 Haydn

5. (Imitation) 2

6.12

Imitation

6.12 Sonata Op.2, No.2 Beethoven

6 11
6.3 (Harmonic structure)

(Harmony)

(Tonality)
(Tonic) (Dominant)
(Chromaticism)

1. (Tonality)
2. (Chord)
3. (Cadence)

6.3.1 (Tonality)

1. (Key)

2. (Modulation)

(Related key) (Key

signature)
(Relative key)
(Parallel key)

(Remote key)
6 12
6.3.2 (Chord)

(Chord)

1. (Chord application) (Diatonic chords)

(Major), (Minor), (Augmented) (Diminished)
7 (Seventh chords)
(Six-four chords) (Chromatic
chords) , ,
(Non-chord tones)

2. (Chord progression)
V I, I IV, I V IV V I, IV
V ( ) VII V
II, III VI
6.13

Imperfect cadence

6 13
 Perfect cadence
6.13

6.3.3 (Cadence)

(Cadence) 2

6.13

6 14
6.4 (Rhythmic structure)

1. (Time)
2. (Tempo)

6.4.1 (Time)

(Time)

( ) (anacrusis) (syncopation)

6.4.2 (Tempo)

(Tempo)
6.4

6.4

Grave
Largo
Lento
Larghetto
Adagio
Andante
Andantino
Moderato
Allegretto
6 15
 Allegro
Vivace
Presto
Prestissimo

6 16
6.5

(Sound)

1. (Tone colour)
2. (Intensity)

6.5.1 (Tone colour)

6.5.2 (Intensity)

-

(Dynamic marks) 6.5 (Articulation)
6.14

6.5 (Dynamic marks)

Fortissimo (ff)
Forte (f)
Mezzo forte (mf)
Mezzo piano (mp)
Piano (p)
Pianissimo (pp)
Crescendo (cres.)
6 17
 Decrescendo (decres.)
Diminuendo (dim.)
Sforzando (sf) Forzando (fz)
Rinforzando (rf)

6.14

6 18
6.6

6.6.1 Haydn: Symphony No. 94, 2nd movement (Surprise symphony)

: (Andante)
: 2/4 (Duple meter)
: (Theme and Variation)
: C

6.6

6.6 Symphony No.94 2

Theme Variation 1 Variation 2 Transition Variation 3 Variation 4 Transition Coda
Bar 1-32 33-48 49-70 70-74 75-106 107-138 139-143 144-156
Key C C C minor Cm to C C C C C

(Theme) (Binary form) 2

A ( 1 16) 6.15 B ( 17 32) 6.16
1 2

6.15 A ( 1 16)

A 8 2 2

3 (Staccato)

6 19
 B A 8 2

B
1 2

6.16 B ( 17 32)

I () (IV)
(V) (V7/V) 1 7 6.17

I IV V I I V7/V V I

Chromatic chord

6 20
 IV V I I V7/V V V
Surprise

I ii6 V I V

6 21
 I ii6 V I

Perfect cadence

6.17

( G) (ff)
( 2 16) Surprise
(pp) 6.17

(V) (I)
(Perfect cadence) 6.17

6.7

6.7

6 22

1 (Variation 1) (Change in texture)
2 (Variation 2) (Shift in key)
3 (Variation 3) (Quick-paced rhythmic treatment)
4 (Variation 4) (Varied orchestration and
dynamics)

1 (Variation 1) 6.18
1 2 2
(Theme) 1
(Scale)
2 A (Theme)
2 (p)

6.18 1

(Theme)
1
(Polyphony)

2 (Variation 2) 6.19
2 2 A B

6 23
 (Theme)
(Parallel key) C C
A
B A

6.19 2

70 74 1 C

3 (Variation 3) 6.20
3 2 (Theme)
C 3
1 2
(Woodwind instruments)

6 24
 6.20 3

A
trill 1 2
(Theme)
B

4 (Variation 4)
6.21 4 2
(Theme)
(Homophony)
(ff) 1 2
(Theme)
4

6 25
 6.21 4

A 1
2 B B
(f)
(Theme)

139 143 (ff)

( 145 156) (Theme)
C (pp)

6 26