CHC MNG NM MI 2012

Qua kt qu trn ta thy rng nu trn ui piston c b tr nhiu rnh lm kn th p sut bi

trn s cao hn v chnh lch p sut gia b mt trong v ngoi ca b mt bi trn ln. Mt
khc t l r lt ph thuc vo mc chnh p sut ca ui piston.
T l r lt ph thuc vo nghing ca vnh trt so vi ui piston, tc l ph thuc vo
nhn b mt trt. Nu b mt trt cng nhn th nghing cng nh, r lt cng t.
Nu su ca cc rnh lm kn cng ln th mc r lt cng t, p lc bi trn cng ln.
Nh vy nu sau thi gian lm vic m ui piston b mn nhiu, lm cho chiu cao cc rnh lm
kn nh li, lm cho p sut du bi trn cng gim, cng lm tng tc mi mn ca ui
piston.
5. Kt lun
Bi bo cp ti vai tr ca rnh lm kn trong vnh trt ca ui piston, mi lin h
gia p sut trong rnh, lng du r lt vi nghing ca vnh trt, nhn ca b mt trt
v vng quay ca bm. Qua c th xc nh c nguyn nhn chnh ca vic mi mn nhanh
b mt ui piston chnh l do khi b mi mn lm chiu cao cc rnh lm kn gim, mc lm
kn km lm cho p lc du bi trn gim, tng tc mi mn v tng mc r lt trong bm
piston rotor hng trc. khc phc iu ny th nh k kim tra mc mi mn ca ui
piston v phc hi li chiu cao ca cc rnh lm kn khi thy chiu cao ny gim nhiu.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, Bergada, Pressure, Flow,
Force and Torque Between the Barrel and Port Plate in an Axial Piston Pump J.M.,Watton, J.
and Kumar, S. 2008.
[2] Fifth International Fluid Power Symposium,Hooke, C. J. and Kakoullis, Y. P. (1978), The
Lubrication of Slippers on Axial Piston Pumps September 1978, Durham, England.
[3] Fifth JFPS International Symposium on Fluid Power,Bergada, J. M.Watton, J. (2002), A Direct
Leakage Flow Rate Calculation Method for Axial Pump Grooved Pistons and Slippers, and its
Evaluation for a 5/95 Fluid Application Nara, Japan. November 13.

Ngi phn bin: TS. L Vn im

NGHIN CU TNH TON TI TRNG SNG

LN CNG TRNH BIN DNG KHUNG
CALCULATING THE WAVE LOAD ON FRAME OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

TS. O VN TUN
Khoa Cng trnh thy, Trng HHH

Tm tt
Ti trng ln cng trnh bin ch yu l ti trng sng, khi tnh ton cng trnh bin dng
khung ngi ta s ng dng phng php Phn t hu hn, trong phng php ny vic
xc nh ti trng sng ln mt phn t thanh l quan trng nht. Ni dung bi bo trnh
by cch xc nh ti trng sng ln mt phn t thanh bt k trong khng gian khi ng
dng cc l thuyt sng khc nhau sao cho ph hp vi a hnh ti khu vc cng trnh.
Abstract
Loads acting on offshore structures are mostly wave load. In analyzing frame offshore
structures, finite element method should be used. And the most important thing in this
method is verifying the wave load acting on a beam element. This article presents the
method of calculating the wave load impacts on a beam element in space when different
wave theories are applied to meet the terrain conditions of construction area.

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 CHC MNG NM MI 2012

1. t vn
Vit Nam c chiu di b bin hn 3000km, thm lc a rng, c nhiu ti nguyn. Hin ti
cng trnh bin dng khung ang c s dng Vit Nam ti nhiu ni c su nc khc
nhau nh: gin khoan du kh, nh gin ca Hi qun, n bin v.v
Cc ti liu v cng trnh bin hin nay cp n lc tc dng ca sng ln vt cn kch
thc nh ch yu s dng sng tuyn tnh, trong khi ph thuc vo v tr xy dng cng trnh,
tham s sng lc tc dng ln cng trnh cn phi xc nh theo cc l thuyt sng phi tuyn khac
nhau. Mt khc trong cng thc tnh ton ch c nu vi trng hp n gin: tr thng ng.
Cc cng trnh thc t u l kkung khng gian do vic nghin cu tnh ton ti trng sng bin
vi cc l thuyt sng khc nhau ln phn t khung khng gian bt k l cn thit, y chnh l ni
dung ca bi bo.
2. L thuyt sng tuyn tnh v phi tuyn [2]
Hin nay cc l thuyt sng c chia thnh hai loi: tuyn tnh v phi tuyn. Ty tng
trng hp c th cn phi chn l thuyt sng sao cho ph hp.
Trong phm vi bi bo tc gi ch nu kt qu l thuyt sng tuyn tnh v phi tuyn bc 3.
2.1. L thuyt sng tuyn tnh
Dao ng mt nc:
a. cos(kx t )
Vn tc phn t nc:
g .a.k
vx .chk ( z d ) . cos(kx t )
x .chkd
g .a.k
vz .shk ( z d ) . sin( kx t )
z .chkd
Gia tc phn t nc:
v x g .a.k
ax .chk ( z d ).sin( kx t )
t chkd
v g .a.k
az z .shk ( z d ). cos(kx t )
t chkd
2.2. L thuyt sng phi tuyn bc 3
Dao ng mt nc:
a 2k 2
a coskx t 1 6
2.ch 6 kd 8.ch 4 kd 19ch 2 kd 9
16sh kd
2 3 2
a k chkd 3 a .k
3
4 sh kd

1 2.ch 2 kd cos 2kx t
64 sh kd6

1 8.ch 6 kd cos 3kx t

Vn tc phn t nc:
chkd z 3 ch2k d z
v x a gk.thkd . coskx t a 2 k gk.thkd . . cos 2kx t
shkd 4 sh 4 kd
3 ch3k d z

a 3 k 2 gk.thkd . 13 4.ch 2 kd . . cos 3kx t
64 sh 7 kd
shk d z 3 sh2k d z
v z a. g.k.thkd . . sin kx t a 2 k gk.thkd . . sin 2kx t
shkd 4 sh 4 kd
3 sh3k d z

a 3 k 2 gk.thkd . 13 4ch 2 kd . . sin 3kx t
64 sh 7 kd
Gia tc phn t nc:

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 CHC MNG NM MI 2012

chk d z 3 ch 2k d z
a x a g .k .thkd sin kx t a 2k gk .thkd sin 2kx t
shkd 2 sh 4 kd
9 3 2 ch3k d z
a k
gk.thkd . 13 4ch 2 kd . . sin 3kx t
64 sh 7 kd

shk d z 3 sh 2k d z
a z a . g.k .thkd coskx t a 2k gk .thkd cos 2kx t
shkd 2 sh 4 kd
9 3 2 sh3k d z

64
a k
gk .thkd . 13 4ch 2 kd .
sh 7 kd
. cos 3kx t

Trong a l i lng c xc nh t phng trnh sau:

a 2 .k 2 3 a 3 .k 2
h 2a 1 6
2ch
6
kd 8ch 4
kd 19ch 2
kd 9 6
64 sh kd

1 8ch 6 kd
16.sh kd
h - chiu cao sng;
k s sng;
d su nc;
- tn s sng.
3. Cng thc Morison cho tr thng ng [3]
Ti trng sng ln tr thng ng kch thc nh c xc nh bng cng thc Morison:
Xt 1 thanh hnh tr nm trong cht lng, cht lng chuyn ng vi vn tc, gia tc l u0,
0 , hnh tr cng chuyn ng vi vn tc, gia tc tng ng l u, u
u
Theo Morison, lc sng tc dng ln 1 n v chiu di tr l:
q qM qD (1)
Trong :
qM- Lc qun tnh;
qD- Lc cn.
a. Lc qun tnh:
Lc qun tnh do sng tc dng ln tr c tnh:
q M . A.u

0 C a . . A(u
0 u) (2)
Vi:
- Khi lng ring ca nc.
A- Din tch tit din ngang ca hnh tr.
Ca- H s ph thuc vo hnh dng tit din tr, vi tr trn C a 1 .
Nh vy ta thy, lc qun tnh gm 2 thnh phn:
- Phn th nht khng ph thuc vo gia tc ca hnh tr, thnh phn ny gi l lc
Froude-Krylov, n t l vi khi nc b chim ch.
- Phn th hai ph thuc vo gia tc tng i gia hnh tr v cht lng, c gi l lc
cn gia tc, n t l vi khi lng thu ng C a A hoc cn gi l khi lng nc km.
b. Lc cn:
Lc cn gy nn do ma st gia dng chy v mt tr cung nh do xoy c tnh theo
cng thc thc nghim:
1
qD C D D u0 uu0 u (3)
2
Vi:
D- Kch thc ngang ln nht ca tit din hnh tr thng gc vi phng ca dng chy.
CD- H s lc cn, ph thuc vo hnh dng tit din, s Raynolds ca dng chy v
nhm b mt ca hnh tr, c th tra theo bng
Nh vy lc tc dng ca sng ln hnh tr l:

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 CHC MNG NM MI 2012

1
q .A.u
C D . .D u0 uu0 u
0 C a . . A(u 0 u )
2
Trng hp cht lng ng yn: u0 0 , u
0 0 , ta c:
1
q C a . . Au
C D . .D. u.u
2
Trng hp hnh tr ng yn: u 0 , u
0 , ta c:
1
q C M . . A.u
0 C D . .D. u0 .u0 (4)
2
Vi: C M 1 C a gi l h s qun tnh.
4. Ti trng sng ln phn t thanh bt k [3]
Trng hp tng qut cc thanh hnh tr khng nm thng ng m xin khng gian, c
c trng bi vect n v c dc theo trc thanh v cc cosin ch phng tng ng cx, cy, cz.
z

Cz
C

Cx x

Cy
y

Hnh 1. S xc nh cosin ch phng ca vct.

Lc tnh ti trng sng tc dng ln thanh c nh:

1
q q M q D C M . . Au
0 C D . .D u0 u0 (5)
2
Ta phi thay th u0 v u
0 bng un v u
n l thnh phn gia tc v vn tc ca cht lng
thng gc vi thanh.
Vect vn tc phn t cht lng uc phn ra thnh 2 thnh phn: dc theo thanh u t v
thng gc vi thanh un :


ut u.c .c ; un u ut
T (21) ta c:
unx ux ux c x uy c y uz c z .c x

uny uy ux c x uy c y uz c z .c y (6)
u u uc uc uc .c
nz z x x y y z z z

Nu chn phng truyn sng trng vi trc x, lc u y 0 v s dng k hiu trc y

u x u; u z w ta c:
unx u uc x wc z .c x

uny uc x wc z .c y (7)
u w uc wc .c
nz x z z

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 CHC MNG NM MI 2012

Lc phn b trn mt n v di xc nh theo cng thc Morison:

q x u
nx unx
1
q y C M . . A.u
ny C D . .D. u0 .uny (8)
q u 2 u
z nz nz
Ti trng phn b trn h trc ta cc b ca thanh c xc nh nh sau:
q s q x2 s q 2y s q z2 s (9)
Vc t ti trng nt ca phn t thanh c xc nh theo cng thc ca phng php
phn t hu hn [1]:
F e N T qs ds (8)
l
Trong :
N - ma trn hm dng ca phn t thanh;
q s - ti trng phn b dc theo chiu di thanh xc nh theo cng thc (9);
Vc t F e hon ton tnh c bng php tch phn s, cng vi cc ma trn cng
e ta xc nh c phng trnh cn bng ca kt cu:
ca phn t K
K u F
T xc nh chuyn v nt v ni lc trn cc thanh.
5. Kt lun
Vi cc cng thc v thut ton xc nh ti trng sng nu trn ln phn t khung khng
gian bt k cho php tnh ton c bn ca cng trnh bin dng khung chu ti trng sng.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. o Vn Tun, Phng php s, i hc Hng hi, Hi Phng. 2002
[2]. V Uyn Dnh, ng lc hc sng bin, i hc Xy dng, H Ni. 2001
[3]. Nguyn Xun Hng ng lc hc cng trnh bin, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni. 1999

Ngi phn bin: TS. Phm Vn Trung

S DNG MNG CHNG THM ST TNG HP BENTONITE

THE USAGE OF BENTONITE GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINER

ThS. ON TH MNH
Khoa Cng trnh thy, Trng HHH
Tm tt
Chng thm cho cc cng trnh nh bi hng, h cha nc, bi cha cht thi,
p, b cha xng du, ha cht... l mt cng tc quan trng nhm m bo an ton
cho vic vn hnh v khai thc cng trnh, m bo v sinh mi trng. Vic la chn
vt liu lm lp mng chng thm s nh hng trc tip n cht lng, gi thnh v
tin thi cng cng trnh. Bi bo ny gii thiu mt loi vt liu mi c a vo s
dng lm lp mng chng thm Vit nam.
Abstract
Waterproofing for terminal, reservoir, waste dump, dams, gasoline and chemical
tankerect takes an important role in the operation process of constructions and
environment protecting. The selection of materials used for the liner will directly impact
the quality, price and the progress of construction. This article introduces a new kind of
material which is recently used as waterproof liner in Viet Nam.
1. t vn
Hin nay vt liu chng thm l vn m trong ngnh a k thut rt quan tm nh chng
thm cho bi hng cng, cho bi cha cht thi, b cha xng du, ha cht, p...

Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 29 1/2012 74