Entrances and the manner they predetermine the way you experience a

building.
Through a thorough investigation into how entrances affect the way we experience a building the
research will cover how certain styles have changed the way we experience entry. Whether it be a
grand imposing structure or an entry that can hardly be seen as one rather than a transient space
where people can chose one of many ways to enter a building.

Is the main entrance of a building still front and center or is it just a void in the building that can neither
be distinguished as a main entry point or an emergency exit. Once we have entered a building does
whats behind the entrance also affect the way we feel and understand the building whether it opens
onto a hallway, lobby, staircase, atrium or even just a room.

The manner in which entrances have been approached through architecture will be explored through
the past with basic principles such as Vitruvian man, Palladio and ancient civilizations. As well as
modernist architecture and its stance against the past of segregation and imposing buildings.
Annotated Bibliography

Dovey, K, 1999. Framing Places: Mediating power in built form. 2nd ed. New York:
Routledge.
DescriptiveSummaryofSource PersonalCriticalAssessment
Describes the connection between place and Has detailed examples of where architecture
power, investigating how the built forms of has enforced power. Although many seem like
architecture and urban design act as mediators extreme examples.
of social practices of power.
Very text heavy sometimes hard to follow.
Explored through a range of theories and case
studies, this investigation shows how lives are
'framed' within the clusters of rooms, buildings,
streets and cities.

These silent framings of everyday life also

facilitate practices of coercion, seduction and
authorization as architects and urban designers
engage with the articulation of dreams;
imagining and constructing a 'better' future in
someone's interest.

Markus, T, 1993. Buildings and Power: Freedom and Control in the origin of modern building
types. 1st ed. New York: Routledge.

DescriptiveSummaryofSource
Comments on the material and cultural world in
which we live and how it represents the end of a
process created out of the Enlightenment and
the Industrial Revolution.
PersonalCriticalAssessment
Has many examples that put together a bigger
picture of the theme that is being discussed
making it easier to make connections between
text and illustrations.

Describes The battles fought over class, The wide use of illustrations with photographs,
ideology and language are represented most drawings, maps and plans makes reading the
clearly in the explosion of new building types text more informative.
during the Century of Revolutions.

Buildings and Power analyses architectural

form, function and space to explore the
reproduction and the subversion of power in the
modern city.

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Pearson, M, Richards, C, 1994. Architecture and Order: Approaches to Social Space. 1st ed.
New York: Routledge.
DescriptiveSummaryofSource
Describing about how Architecture is a powerful
medium for representing, ordering and
classifying the world, and using this
understanding of space is fundamental to
archaeological inquiry explored.
Describes how Architecture and Order draws on
the work of archaeologists, social theorists and
architects to explore the way in which people
relate to the architecture which surrounds them.
In many societies, houses and tombs have
encoded cultural meanings and values which
are invoked and recalled through the practices
of daily life.
Unwin, S, 1997. Analysing Architecture. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge.
DescriptiveSummaryofSource
The key elements of architecture and
conceptual themes apparent in buildings.
Defining ideas for use in the active process of
design.
Breaking down the grammar of architecture into
themes and moves, its underlying patterns to
reveal the organizational strategies that lie
beneath the superficial appearances of
buildings.
Drake, S, 2008. A Well-Composed Body: Anthropomorphism in Architecture. 1st ed.
Saarbrucken: VDM.
DescriptiveSummaryofSource
Changing conceptions of the human body have
been interpreted within architectural theory
since the writings of Vitruvius in the first century
AD.
It examines how measures of the body have
affected ideas of architectural composition, and
how they are used as an ethical imperative,
such that a building which reflects the
proportions of a 'well-composed' body
(Francesco di Giorgio), is itself an injunction to
'composure', or appropriate behavior.
PersonalCriticalAssessment
Well defined archeological analysis of ruins and
buildings of the past which is very informative on
how order was used in classical architecture.
Describes the importance of solstices with the
placing and orientation of buildings.
The layout of buildings with entrances being
closest to the more accessible rooms and the
more private areas usually being the furthest
away from the entrance.
PersonalCriticalAssessment
Describes the use and importance of axis and
how it relates to entrances and alignment with
important landmarks.
Talks about human scale how we use our
bodies and how it relates to architecture from
great minds like Vitruvius, Leonardo da Vinci
and le Corbusier.
The use of geometry in building which can
locate entrance and movement within. As well
as symmetry which can dictate placement of
elements.
PersonalCriticalAssessment
Talks about human scale how we use our
bodies and how it relates to architecture from
great minds like Vitruvius, Leonardo da Vinci
and le Corbusier as well asFrancesco di
Giorgio who describes the shape and form of
architecture itself being the form of the body.
It argues that modern architecture, while
rejecting classical anthropomorphism, was
nonetheless influenced by ideas and practices
arising from the study of the body in anatomy.
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Jones, P, 2011. The Sociology of Architecture. 1st ed. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.

DescriptiveSummaryofSource
Discusses how States have long been active in
commissioning architecture, which affords one
way to embed political projects within socially
meaningful cultural forms.
State-led architecture is often designed not only
to house the activities of government, but also
to reflect political-economic shifts and to chime
with a variety of internal and external publics
as part of wider discourses of belonging.
PersonalCriticalAssessment
Describes how often in state architecture the
client knows what they want and that is why
there are so many classical, gothic, ect public
buildings museums, art galleries and
government buildings.
Often the style of building is to reflect the
political party that is in power at the time which
is to show who is in power and more dominate
in the landscape.

Watkin, D, 1986. A History of Western Architecture. 5th ed. London: Laurence King
Publishing.

DescriptiveSummaryofSource PersonalCriticalAssessment
The history of western architecture from the A lot of in-depth history on the styles of western
earliest times to the 21st century. architecture spanning a long period of time.

Adopting an approach that sees architectural Discusses reasons behind many decisions
history as a continuous narrative, the author behind why certain styles are the way they are.
emphasizes the ongoing vitality of the Classical
language of architecture, underlining the
continuity between.

Hopkins, O, 2014. Architectural Styles: a Visual Guide. 1st ed. London: Laurence King
Publishing.

DescriptiveSummaryofSource
A guide which makes extensive use of
photographs to identify and explain the
characteristic features of nearly 300 buildings.
A clear guide to identifying the key styles of
western architecture from the classical age to
the present day.
PersonalCriticalAssessment
A clear and easy-to-navigate guide to identifying
key styles in architecture.
Discusses town planning, landscapes as well as
the architectural building styles.

Cole, E, 2014. Architectural Details. 1st ed. Sussex: Ivy Press.

DescriptiveSummaryofSource
Architectural history illustrated to give a journey
round the architecture of civilizations east and
west, from Ancient Egypt to the Industrial
Revolution.
PersonalCriticalAssessment
Broad information on many different cultures
and geographical places helps explain why the
architecture varies from hot climate too cold
throughout history.

Extended captions and annotation supply a

complete naming of parts which, as well as
identifying and defining the correct terminology,
from Amenhotep to Palladio, and Vitruvius to
Wren.

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Ching, F, Jarzombek, M, Prakash, V, 2011. A Global History of Architecture. 2nd ed. New
Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

DescriptiveSummaryofSource
Spanning from 3,500 b.c.e. to the present, this
guide is written by architectural experts in their
fields who emphasize the connections,
contrasts, and influences of architectural
movements throughout history.
The architectural history of the world comes to
life through a unified framework for interpreting
and understanding architecture
PersonalCriticalAssessment
An in-depth investigation into architecture that
spans much time with easy to understand text
and illustrations.
Easy to comprehend why entrances can be so
different from different geographies around the
world but also different civilizations.

Gins, M, Arakawa, S, 2002. Architectural Body. 1st ed. Alabama: University of Alabama
Press.

DescriptiveSummaryofSource PersonalCriticalAssessment
Demonstrating the inter-connectedness of Very philosophical in nature describes the
innovative architectural design, the poetic human condition and how it relates to
process, and philosophical inquiry. architecture.

This book promotes a deliberate use of

architecture and design in dealing with the blight
of the human condition; it recommends that
people seek architectural and aesthetic
solutions to the dilemma of mortality.

Garnham, T, 2013. Architecture Re-assembled: The Use (and Abuse) of History. 1st ed. New
York: Routledge.

DescriptiveSummaryofSource
Beginning from the rise of modern history in the
eighteenth century, Setting buildings in their
contemporaneous ideas about history, it spans
from Fischer von Erlach to Venturi and Rossi,
and beyond to architects working in the fallout
from both the Modern Movement Aalto, Louis
Kahn, Aldo van Eyck and Post-modernism
such as Rafael Moneo and Peter Zumthor.
PersonalCriticalAssessment
Discusses in detail different architects and how
they worked in their time to create new and
innovative architectural design.
Describes how in an industrial age we had to
design buildings for people, not always good
people.

It shows how Soane, Schinkel and Stirling,

amongst others, made a meaningful use of
history and contrasts this with how a misreading
of Hegel has led to an abuse of history and an
uncritical flight to the future.

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Bretschneider, J, Driessen, J, Van Lerberghe, K, 2007. Power and Architecture. 1st ed.
Bondgenotenlaan: Peeters Publishers.

DescriptiveSummaryofSource PersonalCriticalAssessment
Describes how Public buildings reflect the Reflects on financial investment on social status
investment of social resources and are usually for political, social and religious power.
interpreted as the embodiments of political,
social, religious and economic power. The symbolism reflected in certain architectural
styles.
The architecture of such buildings is often
especially devised to reflect the performance of
this power, incorporating a symbolism that
served as a signpost for a particular social
order.

This symbolism was especially carried by

monumentality and enhanced by scale, location,
decoration, materials and visual impact.

Vale, L, 1992. Architecture, Power, and National Identity. 1st ed. Connecticut: Yale University
Press.

DescriptiveSummaryofSource
Throughout history, architecture and urban
design have been manipulated in the service of
politics. Because government buildings serve as
symbols of the state, we can learn much about
a political regime by observing closely what it
builds.
PersonalCriticalAssessment
Government buildings large and
monumentalized.
Tracing the evolution of the modern designed
capital--from Washington, D.C., Canberra, New
Delhi, and Ankara.

The scope and cogency of design criticism and

demonstrates that the manipulation of
environmental meaning is an important force in
urban development.

Westfall, C, 2016. Architecture, Liberty and Civic Order. 1st ed. New York: Routledge.

DescriptiveSummaryofSource PersonalCriticalAssessment
The narrative traces two models for the practice Architecture is used differently in both models
of architecture. for the good of the inhabitant and how the use
the building.
One follows the ancient model in which the
architect renders his service to serve the
interests of others; it survives and is dominant in
modernism.

The other, first formulated in the fifteenth

century by Leon Battista Alberti, has the
architect use his talent in coordination with
others to contribute to the common good of a
republican civil order that seeks to protect its
own liberty and that of its citizens.

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Precedent Analysis

Ictinus Parthenon Athens 447 BCE

The Parthenon is the first grand classical political building which inspired them all. The use of the
grand over scaled entrance set back behind the enormous columned portico simulates the divine.

William Sen Canterbury Cathedral Canterbury 1174

Canterbury cathedral one of the first great churches rebuilt in the gothic style. With large entrances
that open up into a space that seems to soar to the heavens.

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Andrea Palladio Villa Rotonda Venice 1566

Elevation

Plan Section

Andrea Palladios Villa Rotonda is a building with four facades and four entrances all of equal size
and scale allowing any of them to be called the main entrance.

Louis Le Vau, Jules Hardouin-Mansart Chateau de Versailles Paris 1661

The building forms part of the entrance, the front entrance is flanked by a wing of the building on each
side creating a longer experience of arrival before entering the building.

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Mies van der Rohe Barcelona Pavilion Barcelona 1929

The free flow circulation to the building allow people to move as they wish through it creating no
entrance but allows one to enter from where ever they wish there are no rules.

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