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Accounting Fundamentals

Quick Reference Accounting Interview Questions

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Abbreviations / Legend IS / BS Changes Cash Flow Statement Changes

Revenue Deferred Income Taxes


GP: Gross Profit IS: Revenue, GP, OI, PTI, NI IS: No Changes
OI: Operating Income CFS: NI, CFO, NCIC CFS: Def. Taxes, CFO, NCIC
PTI: Pre-Tax Income BS: Cash, SE BS: Cash, DTA or DTL (not both)
NI: Net Income
COGS Capital Expenditures
WD: Write-Down IS: GP, OI, PTI, NI IS: No Changes
WC: Working Capital CFS: NI, WC, CFO, NCIC CFS: CapEx, CFI, NCIC
CFO: Cash Flow from Operations BS: Cash, Inventory, SE BS: Cash, PP&E

CapEx: Capital Expenditures


Operating Expenses Buy Investments
CFI: Cash Flow from Investing
IS: OI, PTI, NI IS: No Changes
CFF: Cash Flow from Financing
CFS: NI, CFO, NCIC CFS: Buy Investments, CFI, NCIC
BS: Cash, SE BS: Cash, Investments
NCIC: Net Change in Cash

AR: Accounts Receivable Depreciation Issue Dividends


AP: Accounts Payable IS: OI, PTI, NI IS: No Changes
PP&E: Plants, Property & CFS: NI, Depreciation, CFO, NCIC CFS: Dividends, CFF, NCIC
Equipment BS: Cash, PP&E, SE BS: Cash, SE
DTA: Deferred Tax Asset
DTL: Deferred Tax Liability Asset/Liability Write-Down Raise Debt
SE: Shareholders Equity IS: PTI, NI IS: No Changes
CFS: NI, WD, CFO, NCIC CFS: Issue Debt, CFF, NCIC
When you get these questions in BS: Cash, Asset/Liability, SE BS: Cash, Debt
interviews, always start with
Income Statement changes, then AR (See Note) or Inventory Issue New Shares
move to the Cash Flow Statement, IS: No Changes IS: No Changes
then finish with the Balance Sheet CFS: WC, CFO, NCIC CFS: Issue Shares, CFF, NCIC
to make sure both sides balance. BS: Cash, AR or Inventory BS: Cash, SE

Change the items listed next to AP (See Note) or Deferred Rev. Note on AR and AP: The No
BS: in each box to make the IS: No Changes Changes to the IS only applies if
Balance Sheet balance. CFS: WC, CFO, NCIC these are decreasing, i.e. they are
BS: Cash, AP or Deferred Revenue now being collected in cash or
The same line items change (but
with opposite signs) for the inverse paid out in cash.
Accrued Expenses
of each change listed here as well
IS: OI, PTI, NI Otherwise, if they go up then
(e.g. Purchase Shares rather than
CFS: NI, WC, CFO, NCIC revenue should go up for AR and
Issue New Shares).
BS: Cash, Accrued Expenses, SE
expenses should go up for AP.

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