Autocad 2000 Practice

Bai giang thc hanh AUTOCAD 2000 2005
I HC NNG
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA
KHOA S PHM K THUT
-----0-----
BI GING
THC HNH AUTOCAD 2000
GVC - ThS NGUYN
NNG 2005
GVC ThS. Nguyn 1 Khoa S pham Ky thut

LI NI U
C hng ta bit rng bn v k thut l mt phng tin thng tin k thut, l cng c
ch yu ca ngi cn b k thut nhm din t thit k v ng thi cng l ti
liu k thut c bn dng ch o sn xut v thi cng. V vy bn v k thut tr
thnh ting ni ca ngi cn b k thut .
Ngy xa bn v k thut c thnh lp bng tay v v trn giy, sn phm to thnh t
chnh xc, chm, nng sut khng cao, di chuyn cng knh - phc tp.
Ngy nay do cng ngh thng tin pht trin mt cch v bo, nhiu phn mm ng dng tin
hc ra i nhm phc v cho cng tc nghin cu khoa hc v i sng; trong c phn
mm thit k AUTOCAD ca hng AutoDESK l phn mm m cc bn v to ra trn my vi
tnh c chnh xc rt cao, nn c nhiu ngi lm cng tc k thut s dng nhiu nht
trong cc phn mm thit k vi s tr gip ca my vi tnh. Thc t nc ta trong nhiu
nm tr li y do nhu cu thit k t ng, i hi nhanh v chnh xc, nhm hi nhp vi xu
th ng dng tin hc pht trin cng ngh ca th gii, c bit l hi nhp vi cc nc
thuc khu vc vnh ai Chu - Thi Bnh Dng; l hnh trang khng th thi c i vi
cc bn sinh vin k thut, c bit l cc ngnh C kh, Xy dng, Kin trc, in, Bn ...
Mn hc AUTOCAD (hay mn hc V k thut trn my tnh) tr thnh mn hc chnh kho
ca cc trng i hc K thut, trng Cao ng K thut; hn na phng php v v thit
k vi s tr gip ca my vi tnh rt chnh xc lm c s cho cc phn mm ng dng cng
ngh cao nh phn mm CAD v CAD / CAM ...
Vi nhu cu cp thit nh nu trn. Ti liu AUTOCAD 2000 ny c bin son nhm
phc v cho vic tham kho ging dy v hc tp mn hc AUTOCAD (hay mn hc V k
thut trn my vi tnh) cho i tng sinh vin trng i hc Bch khoa, trng Cao ng
Cng ngh thuc i hc Nng. Ti liu c bin son gm 18 chng. Ni dung trnh
by ngn gn, y , r rng, d hiu .
Ti liu ny vit cho cc i tng t trnh mi bt u hc AUTOCAD v cng l ti liu
tham kho cho cc bn Sinh vin, K s, Kin trc s, ho vin v cc cn b K thut lm
cng tc v v thit k trn my vi tnh.
V trnh c hn nn ti liu khng th trnh khi thiu st.
Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n nhng kin qu bu ng gp xy dng.
Tc gi
NGUYN

Chng 1 M U
1.1 GI THIU AUTOCAD2000
- CAD l ch vit tt ca Computer-Aided Design (thit k c tr gip ca my tnh).
AutoCAD l phn mm ca hng AutoDESK dng thc hin cc bn v k thut trong cc
ngnh: Xy dng, C kh, Kin trc, in, Bn ...
- S dng AutoCAD ta c th v cc bn v hai chiu (2D : Two - Dimentional drawings), thit
k cc bn v thuc m hnh khng gian ba chiu (3D : Three - Dimentional drawings) . . .
- Phn mm AutoCAD c cng b bt u t Release 1 (R.1) vo thng 12 - 1982, sau
cc Release... R.12, R.13, R.14, R.2000, R2002, R2004, ....
- AutoCAD c th chy trong mi trng windows 95, 98, 2000 v NT ...
1.2 KHI NG AUTOCAD2000

Khi ng AutoCAD2000 bng mt trong cc cch sau:
1) Nhp p nt tri chut (double click) vo biu tng ca AutoCAD2000 trn mn hnh
Desktop (Hnh 1.1), hoc
2) Nhp phi chut (right click) vo biu tng ca AutoCAD2000 (Hnh 1.1a) trn mn hnh
Desktop ri chn Open trn trn danh mc tt Shortcut menu (hnh 1.1b).
3) T Start menu, chn Programs> AutoCAD 2000> AutoCAD 2000
.....
Sau khi khi ng AutoCAD2000 s xut hin hp thoi Startup (Hnh 1.2).
- nh du chn vo Metric
- Nhp OK.
AutoCAD 2000.lnk
a) b)
Hnh 1.1 Hnh 1.2
1.3 C TRC MN HNH HO

Sau khi khi ng AutoCAD2000 s xut hin mn hnh ho (Hnh 1.3)
- Drawing Area Vng ho l vng ta th hin bn v trn
- Cross - hairs Hai si tc hnh ch thp theo phng trc X, trc Y v giao nhau ti mt
im trn mn hnh .
- Cursor Con chy l mt hnh vung nm ti giao im ca hai si tc, ln
con chy c quy nh bi bin PICKBOX hoc bi thanh trt Pickbox
Size thuc Tab Selection ca hp thoi Options... khi gi lnh Option.

- To Trong AutoCAD2000, to con chy trn mn hnh (Cursor coordinate)

nm gc tri ca thanh trng thi; hin th to tng i hoc tuyt
i tm ca con chy; s th nht ch honh (phng trc X) s th hai
ch tung (phng trc Y) s th ba ch cao (phng trc Z - khng
gian)
- WCSicon Biu tng h to gc (World Coordinate System Icon) nm gc tri
pha di vng ho.
- Status bar Thanh trng thi ca AutoCAD2000 nm pha di vng hoa. Ti y

hin th cc trng thi: SNAP,GRID, ORTHO, POLAR, OSNAP,
OTRACK, LWT, MODEL. hin th cc trng thi ny ta nhp tri
chut vo tn trng thi hoc dng cc phm tt chn.
- Command window Ca s lnh l ni cha cc dng lnh (command lines), mc nh c 3

dng lnh nm gc tri pha di mn hnh ho. y l ca s
nhp lnh vo hoc hin th cc dng nhc v cc dng thng bo ca
AutoCAD. Ta trc tip i thoi vi my ti cc dng lnh ny.
- Menu bar Thanh ngang danh mc, nm pha trn vng ho. AutoCAD2000 c 12
tiu . Mi tiu cha mt nhm lnh ca AutoCAD: File, Edit, View,
Insert, Format, Tools, Draw, Dimension, Modify, Express, Windows, Help
Tn file Menu bar

(Thanh ngang danh mc)
Cursor
(Con chy)
DRAWING AREA
Cross- hairs (vng v)
(Hai si tc)
WCSicon
(Biu tng h toa )
Cursor coordinates Command window Status bar
(To con chy) (Ca s lnh) (Thanh trng thi)
Hnh 1.3
- Pull-dawn menu Danh mc ko xung, khi ta chn mt tiu s xut hin mt danh sch
lnh ko xung, y ta c th chn lnh cn thc hin (hnh 1.4).
- Screen menu Danh mc mn hnh nm pha bn phi vng ho (hnh 1.4). m

hoc tt danh mc mn hnh (screen menu) ta chn tiu Tools\
Options..., chn tab Display, nh du chn vo nt Display screen menu.
Standard Toolbar
(Thanh cng cu chun)
Draw Object Properties Toolbar
(Thanh v) (Thanh tnh cht i tng)
Screen Menu
Modify (Danh muc man hnh)
(Thanh hiu chnh)
Scrollbars
(Thanh cun)
Pull-down menu
(Danhmc ko xung)
Hnh 1.4
- Toolbar Thanh cng c. Trong AutoCAD2000 c 24 thanh cng c, mc nh c 4
thanh cng c Draw, Modify, Object Properties, Standard Toolbar.v.v...
- Scroll bar Thanh cun gm c: thanh bn phi thng ng ko mn hnh ln xung;
thanh ngang pha di vng ho dng ko mn hnh ho t tri
sang phi hoc ngc li (Hnh1. 4). Mun xut hin Scroll bar ta gi nh
sau : Tools\Option..., chn Tab Display ri chn nt Display Scroll bars
in drawing window.
1.4 CC PHNG PHP NHP LNH TRONG AUTOCAD2000

- G lnh G lnh t bn phm
- Pull- down Gi lnh t danh mc ko xung
- Screen menu Gi lnh t danh mc mn hnh bn phi
- Toolbar Gi lnh t cc biu tng ca thanh cng c
- Shortcut menu Gi mt s lnh t danh mc tt (xem hnh 1.8)
1.5 CHC NNG CA CC PHM TT C BIT

- F1 Lnh Help - trnh by cch s dng v tra cu cc lnh.
- F2 Chuyn t mn hnh ho sang ca s mn hnh vn bn.
- F3 hoc Ctrl+F M tt ch truy bt im thng tr (Running Osnap).
- F5 hoc Ctrl+E Khi v hnh chiu trc o 2D th phm ny dng chuyn t v tr mt
phng hnh chiu trc o ny sang v tr mt phng hnh chiu trc o
khc.
- F6 hoc Ctrl+D Dng hin th (hoc tt) to ng ca im trn mn hnh .
- F7 hoc Ctrl+G Dng m hay tt mng li im trn mn hnh.
- F8 hoc Ctrl+L M, tt ch Ortho; khi ch ny m (Ortho On) th ng thng c
v nm ngang hoc thng ng.
- F9 hoc Ctrl+B Dng m hoc tt bc nhy con tr (SNAP).
- F10 hoc Ctrl+U Dng m hoc tt dn hng cc Polar Tracking
- F11 hoc Ctrl+W Dng m hoc tt dn hng bt i tng Object Snap Tracking

- Nt tri ca chut Dng chn im, chn i tng trn mn hnh hoc nhp lnh t
Screen Menu, Pull-down menu
- Nt phi chut Xut hin danh mc tt Short menu (mc nh) hoc gi li lnh va thc
hin trc .
- ENTER, Spacebar Kt thc lnh, kt thc vic nhp d liu.
- Esc Hu b mt lnh ang thc hin.
1.6 CC T HP PHM TT KHC

- Ctrl + C Copy i tng vo Clipboard .
- Ctrl + J Tng t phm Enter, kt thc lnh hoc gi li lnh va mi thc hin.
- Ctrl + N Thc hin lnh New .
- Ctrl + O Thc hin lnh Open.
- Ctrl + P Thc hin lnh Plot \ Print.
- Ctrl + S Thc hin lnh Save .
- Ctrl + V Dn (Paste) i tng t Clipboard vo bn v hoc vo ng dng khc .
- Ctrl + X Ct (Cut) i tng t bn v vo Clipboard .
- Ctrl + Z Thc hin lnh Undo hu b ln lt cc lnh thc hin trc
- Ctrl + Y Thc hin lnh Redo phc hi li i tng va b hy bi mt lnh
Undo trc
- Ctrl + \ Hu mt lnh (Cancel) ang thc hin.
- Ctrl + 1 Lnh Properties dng thay i tnh cht i tng
- Ctrl + 2 Lnh adcenter lm xut hin tm thit k (AutoCAD Design Center)
1.7 HIN TH THANH CNG C (lnh Toolbar)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu Screen menu G lnh

View \ Toolbars... VIEW2 \ Toolbar Toolbar, To
Trong AutoCAD2000 c 24 toolbars. Sau khi gi lnh s xut hin hp thoi Toolbars (hnh1.5).
lm xut hin cc thanh cng c trn mn hnh.
- nh du chn vo vung trc tn ca thanh cng c t ca s ca danh sch
Toolbars.
Hnh 1.5 Hnh1.6

- lm xut hin ToolTips (dng thng bo khi tr chut vo biu tng) ta chn nt Show
ToolTips gc phi pha di ca hp thoi (Hnh 1.5).
- cho cc biu tng trn mn hnh AutoCAD ln ln ta nhp vo nt Large buttons
(Hnh 1.5).

- Ngoi ra, khi nhp nt phi chut vo mt biu tng bt k th s xut hin Shortcut Menu
(hnh 1.6). T Shortcut menu ny hin th hoc ng thanh cng c no trn mn hnh ta
chn tn ca thanh cng c .
a cc biu tng ra mn hnh. T (hnh 1.5) ta:
- Nhp nt Custumize... s xut hin hp thoi Custumize Toolbars (Hnh 1.7)
- Chn tn ca thanh cng c nm trong danh sch ca s Categories s xut hin bng cha
cc biu tng ca thanh cng c .
- a biu tng no ra ngoi mn hnh ta dng nt tri ca chut chn biu tng ng
thi gi v r biu tng n mt v tr no trn mn hnh m ta cn t biu tng ri th
chut.
- ng hp thoi, ta nhp nt Close.
Hnh1.7
1.8 CC DANH MC TT (Shortcut menus)
Ko con tr vo gia vng ho v nhp nt phi chut s xut hin 1 trong 6 shortcut menu
sau y : Default, Edit, Object Snap, Grips, OLE, Command. Ta c th iu khin s hin th ca
cc menu: Default, Edit, Command t tab User Preferences ca hp thoi Options...
Cc Shortcut Menus trong vng hoa. (Hnh 1.8 )
a) Default b) Edit c) Object Snap
d) Hot Grips e) OLE f) Command

Hnh 1.8 Shortcut menus trong AutoCAD2000

- Default Kt thc lnh ang thc hin v nhp nt phi chut s xut hin Shortcut
menu Default, trong danh sch ny ta chn cc tu chn cn thit .
- Edit Ti dng nhc Command: ta chn mt hoc nhiu i tng cn hiu
chnh ri nhp nt phi chut s xut hin Shortcut menu Edit, trong
danh sch ny ta chn cc tu chn cn thit hiu chnh .
- Object Snap Nhn phm Shift ng thi nhp nt phi chut s xut hin danh mc tt
Object Snap, trong danh mc ny cha cc phng thc truy bt im
tm tr v phng thc lc im (Point Filter) .
- Hot Grips Ti dng nhc Command: ta chn i tng cn hiu chnh s xut hin
cc GRIPS mu xanh, tip tc chn mt trong cc GRIPS mu xanh
s xut hin Hot Grips mu ; ri nhp nt phi chut s xut hin
Shortcut menu trong danh sch ny ta chn cc tu chn cn hiu chnh
bng GRIPS
- OLE Nhp nt phi chut trn i tng OLE s xut hin cc la chn hiu
chnh OLE
- Command Khi ang thc hin lnh ta nhp nt phi chut s xut hin. Shortcut
menu, trong danh mc ny ta chn cc tu chn cn thit .
1.9 DNG NHC LNH

Khi thc hin mt lnh s xut hin cc dng nhc lnh trong ca s lnh i thoi vi ngi
dng. Mi lnh c nhiu tu chn .Trong AutoCAD2000 cc tu chn nm trc du mc vung
[ ] l mc nh hoc khi nhn Enter th nhn tu chn trong du mc nhn < > lm mc nh.
Mun chn cc tu chn khc nm trong du mc vung [ ] ta nhp ch in hoa ca tu chn .
V d
Gi lnh Circle v ng trn s xut hin dng nhc lnh sau :
Command : Circle
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2p/Ttr (Tan, tan, radius)] : (1)
Nu ti dng nhc (1) ta nhp to mt im th to ny gn cho tm ca ng trn (center
point for circle).
Mun v ng trn i qua 3 im th ti dng nhc (1) ta nhp 3P ri tip tc nhp to ca
ba im m ng trn i qua.
==============================

Chng 2 CC LNH THNH LP BN V

Khi bt u thc hin mt bn v, ta phi xc nh gii hn bn v, nh n v v v n v o,
chn t l bn v; ghi bn v thnh file; m file bn v; ng file bn v; ng phn mm...
Khi v ta cn s dng mt s lnh h tr cho qu trnh v v mi trng v.
2.1 TO GII HN BN V
Khi biu din mt i tng no trn bn v, ta phi to gii hn c kch thc ln hn i
tng . Trong AutoCAD2000 c ba lnh to gii hn bn v : lnh New, lnh Limits v lnh
Mvsetup.
2.1.1 TO GII HN BN V (lnh NEW)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu Screen Menu G lnh Toolbar
File \ New. . . File\ New New hoc Ctrl + N Standard
Khi gi lnh New s xut hin hp thoi Create New Drawing (Hnh 2.1), trong hp thoi ny
c 4 tab t nm ngang theo th t:
1. Tab1 Open Drawing: Dng m bn v ghi thnh file
2. Tab2 Start From Scratch: Bt u bn v mi, tab ny dng chn n v v theo h
Metric (milimet) hoc h English (inch: 1'' = 25,4mm)
3. Tab3 Use a Template: Dng m cc bn v mu to sn.
4. Tab4 Use a Wizard: Dng to gii hn bn v bt k.
Khi tab no c nhp chn th tab ln xung v bc sng ln
Hnh 2.1
Ch
- Nu bin FILEDIA = 0 th khng hin th hp thoi m hin th cc dng nhc lnh khi s dng cc
lnh trn danh mc File nh (lnh New; Open; Save; Export) ; (hnh 2.1)
- xut hin hp thoi Startup (hoc hp thoi Create New Drawing) khi thc hin lnh New ta :
+ nh du chn nt Show Startup dialog trn tab System ca hp thoi Options. Lnh Option gi
nh sau : (Tool \ Options...hoc OP)
+ Hoc gn bin FILEDIA = 1
a) TO GII HN BN V THEO KH A3 (420, 297)

- Gi lnh New
- Chn tab2 Start From Scratch
- Chn n v v l Metric
- Nhp OK
(Nu chn English th kch thc gii hn bn v mc nhin l (12, 9) v n v theo h Anh).
Bng 2.1 : Cc lnh, gi tr cc bin lin quan trong bn v kh A3 h Metric
Lnh lin quan M t lnh Gi tr mc nh

Units n v 2 (Decimal)
Limits Gii hn bn v 420,297
Snap Bc nhy con tr 10
Grid Mt li 10
LTSCALE (Global scale factor) T l dng ng 1
DIMSCALE (Overall Scale) T l kch thc 1
Text, Dtext, Mtext (Height) Chiu cao vn bn 2.5
Hatch, Bhatch (Scale) T l mt ct 1
b) TO GII HN BN V KHC KH A3
Gi s to gii hn bn v kh A1 (841, 594) ta
thc hin nh sau:
- Gi lnh New
- Chn tab2 Start from Scratch
- Chn n v Metric (mm)
- Chn tab4 Use a Wizard (Hnh 2.2).
- Chn Quick Setup (thit lp nhanh)
- Nhp OK s xut hin hp thoi Quick Setup
(Hnh 2.3)
- Chn n v o Decimal.
- Nhp nt Next > s xut hin trang mi ca hp
thoi Quick Setup (Hnh 2.4).
- Nhp vo Width = 841 th hin chiu ngang Hnh 2.2
ca gii hn
- Nhp vo Length = 594 th hin chiu ng ca gii hn
- Nhp nt Finish kt thc .
Hnh 2.3 Hnh 2.4

Ch :
Sau khi xc nh gii hn bn v bng lnh New ta hy thc hin lnh Zoom v dng tu chn All
nhn thy ton b gii hn bn v trn mn hnh (Z, A)
2.1.2 TO GII HN BN V (lnh Limits)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu Screen Menu G lnh
Format\ Drawing Limits FORMAT\ Limits Limits
Command : Limits
- Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] < 0,0 >:
- Specify upper right corner <420,297>: 594,420 (Nhp gc phi pha trn ca kh A2)
Ta to xong kch thc gii hn bn v kh A2 (594,420)
CC TU CHN KHC
ON Khng cho php v ra ngoi vng gii hn bn v nh .
OFF Cho php v ra ngoi vng gii hn bn v nh (ch mc nh).
Sau khi xc nh gii hn bn v bng lnh Lmits ta hy thc hin lnh Zoom v dng tu chn
All (Z, A) nhn thy ton b gii hn bn v trn mn hnh nh sau:
Command : Zoom
- All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale(X/XP)/Window/<Realtime>: A
2.1.3 TO GII HN BN V (lnh Mvsetup)

Lnh Mvsetup dng to gii hn bn v trong khng gian m hnh v khng gian giy. S
dng lnh ny ta c th nh n v, t l, gii hn bn v v v khung hnh ch nht th hin
mp ngoi ca gii hn bn v...
Command : Mvsetup
- Enable paper space? (No/<Yes>): N ; (C dng khng gian giy khng ?)
- Units type (Scientific/Decimal/Engineering/Architectural/Metric): M ; (chn kiu n v)
Metric Scales
=========
Scale factor Scale (5940, 4200)
(5000) 1 : 5000
(2000) 1 : 2000
(1000) 1 : 1000
(500) 1 : 500
(200) 1 : 200
(100) 1 : 100
(75) 1 : 75 (0,0)
(50) 1 : 50
(20) 1 : 20 Hnh 2.5
(10) 1 : 10
(5) 1: 5
(1) FULL
- Enter the scale factor: 10 (Nhp h s t l)

- Enter the paper width: 594 (Nhp chiu ngang ca giy)

- Enter the paper height: 420 (Nhp chiu ng ca giy)
Lc ny AutoCAD t ng v mt khung hnh ch nht th hin mp ngoi ca gii hn bn v
c kch thc 10A2 (5940, 4200), (Hnh 2.5).
Ch
Tu thuc vo kh giy d nh in m khi v ta phi chn gii hn bn v thch hp. Thng chn gii
hn bn v theo kh giy tiu chun c kch thc bao i tng cn biu din, lc ny cc bin t l
dng ng Ltscale; t l cc bin kch thc Dimscale, t l mt ct (Hpscale), chiu cao vn bn (text
height), ... s thay i theo gii hn bn v to.
Bng 2.2 : Cc lnh v gi tr cc bin lin quan khi to cc gii hn bn v n v h Metric

in ra kh A3
Cc lnh lin quan Kh A4 Kh A3 Kh A2 Kh A1 Kh A0

Limits (Gii hn bn v) 297x210 420x297 594x420 841x594 1189x841
Ltscale (T l dng ng) 0.7071 1 1.4141 2 2.8316
Dimscale (T l bin kch thc) 0.7071 1 1.4141 2 2.8316
Text height (Chiu cao vn bn) 1.7677 2.5 3.5354 5 7.0791
Hpscale (T l mt ct) 0.7071 1 1.4141 2 2.8316
2.2 NH N V O CHO BN V (lnh Units)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Format\Units... FORMAT \ Units Units , Ddunits
Lnh Units dng nh n v o hin hnh v chnh xc (s thp phn) ca n v o hin

hnh cho bn v . Sau khi gi lnh s xut hin hp thoi Drawing Units (Hnh 2.6) .
- danh sch Type ca khung Length nh n v o chiu di ta chn Decimal (thp phn)
- danh sch Type ca khung Angle nh n v o gc ta chn Decimal Degrees .
- danh sch Precesion cho c Length v Angle ta chn mt s thp phn 0 .
- Drawing units for Design Center blocks: Chn n v cho block trong Design Center nn
chn Milimeter .
Hnh 2.6 Hnh 2.7
2.3 GHI BN V THNH FILE

2.3.1 GHI BN V (lnh Save)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
File\ Save. . . FILE\ Save Save hoc Ctrl +S Standard
- Lnh Save dng ghi bn v hin hnh thnh mt tp tin file. Khi gi lnh ny s xut hin
hp thoi Save Drawing As (Hnh 2.7).
- Ta nhp tn file vo son tho File name. Tn file c ti a 256 k t, tn file c th l ch
in hoa, ch thng, cc k t / \ _ - $ # ( ) ^ hoc khong trng c th s dng khi t tn,
cn ch n th mc ta ghi tn file. Ta c th ghi bn v AutoCAD2000 theo file DXF,
R14, R13, R12 hoc .DWT.
- Sau nhp nt Save.
2.3.2 GHI BN V T TN THNH TN KHC (lnh Save As)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
File\ SaveAs. . . FILE\ Saveas Saveas
Lnh Saveas dng ghi bn v hin hnh t tn thnh mt tn khc. Sau khi gi lnh s
xut hin hp thoi Save Drawing As nh (Hnh 2.7). Cc bc thc hin nh lnh Save
Ch
Ngoi ra ta cng c th ghi bn v bng lnh Qsave gi t danh mc mn hnh nh sau: FILE\ Qsave s
xut hin hp thoi Save Drawing As nh (Hnh 2.7) ca lnh Save.
2.4 M BN V C SN (lnh Open)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
File\ Open . . . FFILE\ Open Open hoc Ctrl +O Standard
Lnh Open dng m mt file bn v c sn. Khi s dng lnh ny s xut hin hp thoi
Select File (Hnh 2.8).
Hnh 2.8
Trnh t m mt file ta lm nh sau:
- Gi lnh Open
- Chn tn file (v d Cot thep).
- Nhp nt Open (hoc nhp p nt tri chut vo tn file cn m hoc nhp tn file cn m
vo File name ri nhp nt Open).
Ch
Hoc c th m file bng cch nhp vo nt Find File... s xut hin hp thoi Browse/Search (Hnh 2.9),
trong ca s hp thoi ny hin ln ton b hnh nh ca tt c cc file bn v trong th mc ang tm
kim.
- Chn hnh nh ca bn v cn m
- Nhp nt Open hoc nhp kp nt tri chut vo nh ca bn v .
Hnh 2.9 Hnh 2.10

Trn hp thoi Select File, m tng phn ca bn v theo tng lp khc nhau.
- Ta chn tn file
- Tip theo chn nt Partial Open...s xut hin hp thoi Partial Open (hnh 2.10).
- Trong ca s ca khung Layer geometry to load, ta nh du chn vo bn phi tn ca cc
lp no th lp s c m.
Chn nt Load all s m ht ton b cc lp; chn nt Clear all s khng m lp no c; sau
cng nhp nt Open, [xem thm chng 10 - To lp (Layer)]
Ch
Sau khi to hoc m nhiu bn v. Ta c th m li lm vic vi nhiu file bn v nhc nhau t
danh mc Window trn menu bar (hnh 2.11) bng cch chn tn mt file trn danh mc ny. y cn
c cc tu chn cch sp xp cc file bn v ang m gm:
- Casscade xp chng cc ca s ln nhau
- Tile Horizontally xp cc ca s theo phng ngang
- Tile Vertically xp cc ca s theo phng ng
- Arrange Icon xp cc biu tng y ca ca s mn hnh (hnh 2.12)
Hnh 2.11 Hnh 2.12

2.5 NG BN V (lnh Close)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu G lnh
File\ Close... Close
Sau khi gi lnh Close xut hin hp thoi AutoCAD (Hnh 2.13) .
Hnh 2.13
CC NT CHN
Yes Chn nt ny th s lu li cc thay i trn bn v hin hnh ri ng bn v.
No Chn nt ny th khng lu cc thay i v ng bn v.
Cancel Chn nt ny th s tr v ca s mn hnh hin hnh trc .
2.6 THOT KHI AUTOCAD2000 (lnh Quit, Exit)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
File\ Exit FILE\ Quit Exit, Quit, Alt + F4
Lnh Quit, Exit dng thot khi AutoCAD. Nu ta cha ghi li nhng g va lm c th khi
thc hin lnh ny s xut hin hp thoi AutoCAD (Hnh 2.13) .
Ta c th thot khi AutoCAD bng cch nhp kp nt tri chut vo biu tng AutoCAD ti
gc tri pha trn ca mn hnh hoc nhp n vo biu tng ny ri chn Close trn danh mc
ko xung (Hnh 2.14).
Hnh 2.14 Hnh 2.15
2.7 THNH LP CH V (lnh Dsettings hoc Ddrmodes)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :


Tools \ Drafting Settngs ... Dsettings , Ddrmodes, DS, SE, OS
Sau khi gi lnh Dsettings s xut hin hp thoi Drafting Settings (Hnh 2.15). Trong hp thoi
ny ta chn Tab1 Snap and Grid.
CC NT CHN
- Grid On (F7) M (hoc tt) ch li (Grid) (Hnh 2.16)
- Grid X Spacing Khong cch li theo phng X .
- Grid Y Spacing Khong cch li theo phng Y .
- Snap On (F9) M (hoc tt) ch Snap xc nh cc gi tr cho bc nhy
con tr theo phng X,Y
- Snap X Spacing Khong cch bc nhy con tr theo phng X .
- Snap Y Spacing Khong cch bc nhy con tr theo phng Y .
- Snap Angle Xc nh gc nghing ca bc nhy con tr, nu gi tr ny bng 0 th
bc nhy theo phng X, hoc phng Y; gi s gi tr ny l 30 th
bc nhy theo phng hp vi trc X gc 30 (Hnh 2.17).
- X,Y base To im chun ca bc nhy v li .
Hnh 2.16 Hnh 2.17

Snap type & Style
- Grid Snap To li v to bc nhy con tr trng nhau (bin SNAPTYPE)
- Rectangle snap Bc nhy hnh ch nht theo hai phng trc X,Y
- Isometric snap nh ch v hnh chiu trc o vung gc u (2D).
- Polar osnap Nu chn nt ny th bc nhy s l bc nhy theo cc (polar), lc ny
gi tr ca khong cch bc nhy theo cc c nhp Polar distance
ca vng Polar Spacing .
2.8 THNH LP MI TRNG V (lnh Options, Preferences)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Tools\ Options ... TOOLS2\ Options Options , op , pr
Khi thc hin lnh Options s xut hin hp thoi Options vi nhiu la chn khc nhau
1. Tab1 Files .
Ch ra ng dn ca cc th mc nh: Support file; drive file; menu file; temporary drawing
file ... (hnh 2.18)
2. Tab2 Display
Qui nh cc bin hin th v mn hnh AutoCAD (Hnh 2.19)

CC NT CHN TRONG TAB DISPLAY

- Display scroll bars in drawing window. Hin th cc thanh cun trn mn hnh ho .
- Display screen menu. Hin th hoc ng danh mc mn hnh (Screen menu).
- Text line in Command line window. Nhp con s th hin s dng lnh hin ln ca s
dng lnh; mc nh l 3 dng .
- Colors... Nhp vo nt ny s xut hin hp thoi Color Options
(Hnh 2.20). Trong hp thoi ny ta c th:
+ Thay i mu ca mn hnh nn ho ca tab Model v tab Layout...
+ Thay i mu ca cc dng lnh v dng nhc lnh
+ Thay i mu ca s lnh
+ Thay i mu con tr ca tab Model v Layout
Hnh 2.18 Hnh 2.19

- Fonts... Nhp vo nt ny s xut hin hp thoi Command Line Window Font (Hnh 2.21).
Trong hp thoi ny ta c th thay i font, kiu font, kch thc font ca dng nhc
lnh .
Hnh 2.20 Hnh 2.21

- Crosshair size nh chiu di hai si tc bng cch di chuyn con chy qua tri hay
qua phi trn thanh trt ngang gc tri pha di ca hp thoi .
- Display resolution nh nhn ca cung trn v ng trn hy nhp s ln hn 100 vo

bn cnh dng ch Arc and circle smoothness (Mc nh l 100).
3. Tab3 Open and Save iu khin cc la chn lin quan n vic m (Open) v lu (Save)
cc file bn v AutoCAD. Nhp con s thi gian (pht) vo bn cnh
dng ch Minutes between saves, sau thi gian ng bng con s ,

my s t ng lu nhng phn lm c, mc nh l 120 pht
(Hnh 2.22).
4. Tab 4 Plotting iu khin cc la chn thit b in mc nh, chn bng kiu in mc

nh, hiu chnh bng kiu in, nh thm cu hnh my in ... (xem thm
chng 19)
Hnh 2.22 Hnh 2.23

5. Tab5 System iu khin cc bin lin quan n vic gn bin h thng cho
AutoCAD. Chng hn hin th hp thoi Create New Drawing (hoc
Startup) ca lnh New ta nh du chn vo Show Startup dialog ca
khung General Option (Hnh 2.23)
6. Tab6 User Preferences iu khin cc la chn ti u ch lm vic ca AutoCAD;

Nhm thc hin chc nng khi nhp nt phi chut :
- Kt thc lnh hoc
- Gi li lnh va mi thc hin
Hy b du chn nt Shortcut menus in drawing Area (hnh 2.24)
Hnh 2.24 Hnh 2.25

7. Tab7 Drafting Ch nh cc la chn lin quan n cng c tr gip:
- Truy bt i tng khi v

- Khung AutoTrack Settings.Ba nt khung ny dng hin th vect dn hng cc

(hnh 2.25), ..... [xem thm chng 4]
- Aperture size. Ko con chy sang phi thay i ln ca vung gia hai si tc .
8. Tab8 Selection iu khin cc bin lin quan n vic chn i tng v Grips
(hnh 2.26).
- Noun/ Verb selection Cho php chn i tng trc khi gi lnh hiu chnh
- Applied windowing Cho php dng ca s chn i tng
- Object grouping Cho php nhm cc i tng ring l thnh mt i tng ..... [xem
thm chng 5]
Hnh 2.26
=========================

Chng 3 CC LNH V C BN
3.1 H TO TRONG AUTOCAD2000
3.1.1 H TO CC (2D)
H to -cc vung gc s dng trong AutoCAD ging nh h to -cc vung gc
dng khi v th gm : trc honh X nm ngang, trc tung Y thng ng (Hnh 3.1a). To
ca im M (X,Y) trong mt phng gm honh X v tung Y ca n. V d M (100,50);
N (-60,-40) .
+Y
900 +CCW
M(100,50) M
x x
d
(0,0) 0
-X +X 180
00
P cc
x
N(-60, -40) -Y ng chun
a) b)0)
-900 (270
Hnh 3.1
3.1.2 H TO CC
To cc dng xc nh v tr ca mt im M (MP< ) trong mt phng khi bit khong
cch t im M n gc cc P v gc nghing ca MP so vi ng chun qua cc P song
song trc x ca h to hin hnh (Hnh 3.1b). Gc dng l gc quay ngc chiu kim ng
h (+CCW: Counter clockwise); gc m l gc quay cng chiu kim ng h (-CW: clockwise)
so vi trc x ca h to hin hnh
3.1.3 H TO GC V H TO NGI S DNG
1 . H TO GC WCS (World Coordinate System)

H to gc l h to mc nh ca AutoCAD thng thng nhn to O(0, 0) gc tri
pha di ca mn hnh lm gc to , biu tng ca h to gc ch xut hin gc tri
pha di bn v v c km theo ch W (Hnh 3.2a)
2 . H TO NGI S DNG UCS (User Coordinate System)

H to ngi s dng l h to do ngi s dng to bng cch s dng lnh UCS vi tu
chn Origin, biu tng ca h to ngi s dng xut hin v tr gc to mi trong bn
v do ngi dng chn.(Hnh 3.2 b,c) .
Gc mi Gc mi
a) WCS b) UCS c) UCS quay quanh Z gc 300

Hnh 3.2
3.1.4 HIN TH, DI V QUAY H TO
3.1.4.1 HIN TH H TO (lnh UCSicon)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
View\ Display\ UCSicon > on VIEW2 \ UCSicon UCSicon

Lnh UCSicon iu khin s hin th ca biu tng h to .

Command: UCSicon
- Enter an option [ON/OFF/All/Noorigin/Origin]<current>: (*)
CC TU CHN (*)
- ON/OFF M / tt biu tng h to trn mn hnh.
- All Hin th biu tng h to trn mi khung nhn (Viewports) .
- Noorigin Biu tng h to ch xut hin ti gc tri mn hnh
- Origin Biu tng h to lun lun di chuyn theo gc to mi
3.1.4.2 DI V QUAY H TO (Lnh UCS)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Tools \ NewUCS > TOOL2 \ UCS UCS UCS
Lnh UCS cho php di hoc quay h to quanh trc Z mt gc no n v tr mi...

Command: UCS
- Enter an option [New/Move/OrthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>:
(1)
CC TU CHN DNG TRONG BN V 2D
New To gc h to mi. Ti (1) ta nhp N s xut hin dng nhc :
- Specify origin of new UCS or [ZAxis/ 3point/OBject/Face/View/X/Y/Z] <0,0,0>:
Nhp to im gc mi ca h to (2)
Ngoi ra ta cn c cch to gc h to mi nh sau:
Origin To gc mi ca h to . Ti dng nhc chnh (1) ta nhp O (hoc gi Tools\

NewUCS> Origin), s xut hin dng nhc ph sau:
- Specify new origin point <0,0,0>: Nhp to (x,y,z) lm gc to mi.
Prev Khi nhp vo biu tng ny hoc ti (1) ta nhp P s tr v h to s dng
trc .
Z Quay h trc to X,Y hin hnh xung quanh trc Z. Ti dng nhc (2) ta nhp Z
(hoc gi Tools\NewUCS > Z) s xut hin dng nhc ph sau :
- Specify rotation angle about Z axis <90>: Nhp gc quay xung quanh trc Z ,
(Hnh 3.2c - nhp gc 30)
World tr v h to gc WCS (World Coordinate System).
- Ti dng (1) ta g Enter
- Hoc gi Tools\New UCS >World).
Ch :
Nu di h to n v tr mi, th khi v ta c th nhp to tuyt i so vi gc h to mi
ny.
3.2 CC PHNG PHP NHP TO IM

Trong AutoCAD 2000 phn hai chiu (2D) c 7 phng php nhp to im vo trong bn
v nh sau:
1. Pick
Dng phm tri chut nhp chn mt im trn mn hnh kt hp vi cc phng thc truy bt
im trn i tng.
2. To tuyt i M(x,y)
Ti dng nhc lnh ta nhp to tuyt i x,y ca im M so vi gc O(0,0) ca h to hin
hnh. (Hnh 3.2)
3. To cc tuyt i - M(d<a)
Ti dng nhc lnh ta nhp to cc tuyt i d< ca im M so vi gc O(0,0) ca h to
hin hnh; trong :
- d = MO : l khong cch t im M n gc O(0,0) .
- a = (MO,x) : gc to bi MO vi trc x ca h to hin hnh. (Hnh 3.2)
4. To tng i - M(@ x,y)
Ti dng nhc lnh ta nhp to tng i @x,y ca im M so vi to im nhp sau cng
nht (last point) trn bn v.
Du @ : at sign (c : a - cng hoc a - mc) .
5. To cc tng i - M(@d< a)
Ti dng nhc lnh ta nhp (@d< ca im M so vi to im nhp sau cng nht (last
point) trn bn v; trong :
- d l khong cch t im M cn xc nh n im sau cng nht trn bn v.
- l gc to bi trc x hin hnh vi ng thng ni t im M cn xc nh n im sau
cng nht trn bn v (last point).
+ Gc dng (+ CCW) l gc ngc chiu kim ng h
+ Gc m (- CW) l gc cng chiu kim ng h so vi trc x ca h to hin hnh.
6. Nhp khong cch dng trc tip (Direct Distance Entry)
Nhp khong cch dng trc tip tng i so vi im sau cng nht trn bn v (last point),
nh hng bng chiu ca si tc. Khi nhp khong cch trc tip phi m trng thi Polar
Tracking (F10) hoc m Ortho (F8)
7. Polar tracking (Nhp khong cch trc tip theo ng dn hng cc)
S dng Polar tracking nhp trc tip khong cch dng theo ng vector dn hng cc
(ng chm.....) th hin khong cch t im cn xc nh n cc. (Xem chng 4) .
3.3 CC LNH V C BN
Cc lnh v c bn nm trn thanh cng c Draw. Sau y l thanh cng c v (Draw) mc nh
hin th trn mn hnh ca AutoCAD2000 (Hnh 3.3)
XLine Pline Rectangle Circle Ellipse Mblock Bhatch Mtext
Line Multiline Polygon Arc Spline Insert Point Region

Hnh 3.3
3.3.1 V ON THNG (lnh Line)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Draw\ Line DRAW1 \ Line Line , L Draw

Lnh Line dng v cc on thng c xc nh bng hai im: im u tin v im cui

ca on thng.
Command: L
- Specify first point: (Nhp to im u tin)
- Specify next point or [Undo]: (Nhp to im cui ca on thng)
- Specify next point or [Undo]: (Nhp to im cui ca on thng tip theo)
- Specify next point or [Undo/ Close]: (Tip tc nhp to im cui ca on thng tip
theo hoc nhn Enter kt thc, hoc nhp C ng kn hnh thnh a gic)
V d 1 :
Hy dng lnh Line v i tng c cho nh (Hnh 3.4)
Trc khi thc hin cc lnh v ta phi xc nh gii hn bn v bnh lnh New v chn n v
l Metric. M ch Ortho (F8) hoc Polar (F10) nhp trc tip.
80
@-40,30
@-80,0 (hoc @80<180)
P5 P4
@0,60 (hoc @60<90)
@-40,-30
P6 P3
90
60
Close
P1 P2
160 @ 160,0 (hoc @160< 0)
Hnh 3.4
Command:Line
- Specify first point: Chn im P1 bt k lm im u.
- Specify next point or [Undo]: @ 160,0 (Hoc nhp khong cch trc tip bng cch a
con tr sang phi, nhp 160) - im P2 .
- Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,60 (Hoc nhp khong cch trc tip bng cch a con
tr ln trn, nhp 60) - im P3.
- Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @-40,30 ; im P4
- Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @-80,0 (Hoc nhp khong cch trc tip bng cch
a con tr sang tri, nhp 80) - im P5.
- Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @-40,-30 ; im P6
- Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: C (hoc @0,-60)
CC TU CHN KHC CA LNH LINE
- Undo hy b mt phn on va v, ti dng nhc "Specify next point or [Undo]:" ta

g U.
- Close ng mt hnh thnh a gic c v bng lnh Line ang thc hin khi nhp
c 3 nh tr ln, ti dng nhc "Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: "ta g C.
- Enter Nu ti dng nhc u tin ca lnh Line: "Specify first point:" nhn Enter th
AutoCAD s nhn im sau cng nht trn bn v lm im u ca on thng
sp v.
+ Nu trc va v cung trn th on thng sp v s tip xc vi cung trn
ti im sau cng nht ca cung v nhn im ny lm tip im.
+ Nu ti dng nhc "Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: nhn Enter th s kt
thc lnh .
Command: L
- Specify first point :
- Length of line: (Nhp chiu di on thng tip xc vi cung trn) (Hnh 3.5) .
- Specify next point or [Undo]: Nhp to ca im k tip hoc g Enter kt thc lnh .
Length of line
Last point
Hnh 3.5
Ch
Trong bn v AutoCAD thng thng ta s dng to tng i (@x,y) so vi im sau cng nht
trn bn v; nu cho gc v di on thng th ta s dng to cc tng i (@d<) Nu v cc
ng thng nm ngang hoc thng ng th ta dng phng php nhp khong cch trc tip
3.3.2 V NG TRN (lnh Circle)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:

Draw \ Circle DRAW1 \ Circle Circle hoc C Draw
Lnh Circle dng v ng trn. C 6 phng php khc nhau v ng trn.
1) V NG TRN: TM V BN KNH (Center, Radius)

Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr(tan tan radius)]: Nhp to tm ng trn,
chn im C tu .
- Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: Nhp bn knh hoc dng chut chn mt im
xc nh bn knh ca ng trn l khong cch t im n tm.(v d 50 hoc @50,0)
(Hnh 3-6a)
(Ctm) C C (CP= ng knh)

Ban knh
P
a) Tm, ban knh Hnh 3.6 b) Tm, ng knh
2 ) V NG TRN: TM V NG KNH (Center, Diameter)

Nu ti dng nhc "Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]:" ta nhp D th s xut hin dng nhc
sau :
- Specify diameter of circle: (Ti y ta nhp gi tr ng knh ca ng trn hoc chn im
P xc nh gi tr ng knh bng on CP), (Hnh 3-6b)
3 ) V NG TRN QUA 3 IM (3P)

V ng trn i qua 3 im (Hnh 3-7)
Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius) ]: 3P
- Specify first point on circle: (Nhp im th nht ,P1)
- Specify second point on circle: (Nhp im th hai, P2)

- Specify third point on circle: (Nhp im th ba, P3)
P3
P1 P2
P1
P2
Hnh 3-7 ng tron qua 3 im Hnh 3- 8 ng tron qua 2 im
4 ) V NG TRN QUA 2 IM (2P)

V ng trn i qua hai im. Hai im xc nh ng knh ca ng trn
Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2P
- Specify first end point of circle's diameter: (Chn im u P1 ca ng knh).
- Specify second end point of circle's diameter: @80<0 (Nhp im cui P2 ca ng
knh), (Hnh 3-8).
5 ) V NG TRN R TIP XC HAI I TNG CHO TRC (TTR)

Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr(tan tan radius)]: TTR
- Specify point on object for first tangent circle: (Chn i tng th nht ng trn s tip
xc)
- Specify point on object for second tangent circle: (Chn i tng th hai ng trn s tip
xc); (Hnh 3-9)
- Specify radius of circle: 30 (Nhp gi tr bn knh R)
R30 Tangent 2
Tangent1
R30
Tangent 2 Cho
Tangent 1
a) Circle R30 tip xc 2 line b) Circle R30 tip xc 1 circle and 1 line
Hnh 3-9
Ch
Khi v ng trn bn knh R tip xc vi hai ng trn (C1) v (C2) cho trc, tu thuc vo v tr
im chn i tng Tangent 1, 2 trn hai ng trn (C1) v (C2) m ta s nhn c ng trn R
cn v tip xc trong hay tip xc ngoi vi hai ng trn cho (Hnh 3-10 a, b, c)
1
(C1) (C2) 1
2 (C2)
R (C1)
R R 2
(C2)
(C1)
a) R tip xc ngoi b) R tip xc trong c) R t/x trong (C1) v ngoi (C2)

Hnh 3.10
6) NG TRN TIP XC 3 I TNG CHO TRC .

Thc cht ca lnh ny l v ng trn i qua 3 im (3P) tip xc vi 3 i tng cho trc
m ta phi chn lm 3 ng tip tuyn Tangent 1, 2, 3. Cch gi lnh nh sau:
- Draw \ Circle> Tan, Tan, Tan hoc
- DRAW1\ Circle\ Tan Tan Tan.gi t Screen menu
V d :
Hy v ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC.(Hnh 3.11)
A
Tangent 1 Tangent 3
B C
Tangent 2
Hnh 3.11
Gi lnh t danh mc ko xung: Draw \ Circle> Tan, Tan, Tan

- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius) ]: 3P
- Specify first point on circle: Tan to. Di chuyn tc n chm cnh AB ri nhp chn lm
ng th nht tip xc vi ng trn (Tangent 1) .
- Specify second point on circle: Tan to. Di chuyn tc n chm cnh BC ri nhp chn lm
ng th hai tip xc vi ng trn (Tangent 2) .
- Specify third point on circle: Tan to. Di chuyn tc n chm cnh AC ri nhp chn lm
ng th ba tip xc vi ng trn (Tangent 3) .
Ch
gi li lnh va thc hin trc ti dng lnh "Command: "ta ch cn nhn phm Enter hoc nhp
nt phi ca chut vo gia mn hnh s xut hin shortcut menu, ta chn lnh u tin ca Shortcut
menu.
3.3.3 V CUNG TRN (lnh Arc)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Draw\ Arc> 3points, ... DRAW1 \ Arc Arc hoc A Draw
Lnh Arc dng v cung trn. C 11 cch khc nhau v cung trn. Khi gi lnh Arc nn gi
t Pull-down menu (Hnh 3-12) hoc t Screen menu (Hnh 3.13) rt ngn thi gian g cc
tu chn. Tuy nhin y ta trnh by thm cch nhp t bn phm .
Hnh 3-12 Pulldown menu Hnh 3-13 Screen menu

1) V CUNG TRN QUA 3 IM (3 points),(Hnh 3.14)

Command: A (hoc Arc)
- Specify start point of arc or [CEnter]: Nhp im th nht P1
- Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ENd]: Nhp im th hai P2
- Specify end point of arc: Nhp im cui P3
S1 C2 E3
P2
P1
P3
Hnh 3-14 : Arc (3points) Hnh 3-15 : Arc (Start, Center, End)
2) V CUNG TRN : im u, Tm, im cui (St, C, End), (Hnh 3-15)

Mc nh, cung trn v ngc chiu kim ng h i t im u n im cui.
Command: A
- Specify start point of arc or [CEnter]: (Chn S1 lm to im u)
- Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ ENd]: C
- Specify center point of arc: @60,0 (Nhp to tm C2 ca cung trn)
- Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: @60,0 (Nhp to im cui E3)
im E3 khng nht thit phi nm trn cung trn nh @80,0,...
3) V CUNG TRN : im u, Tm , Gc tm (St, C, Ang)

Ti dng nhc (3) ta nhp A thay cho tu chn Angle:
Command: A
- Specify start point of arc or [CEnter]: S1 (Chn S1 lm to im u)
- Specify end point of arc or [Angle/ chord Length]: A (3)
- Specify included Angle: -90 (Nhp gc tm ); (Hnh 3.16)
Ch
Nu nhp gc dng (+ CCW) th cung trn v ngc chiu kim ng h i t im u; nu nhp gc
m (-CW) th cung trn v cng chiu kim ng h .Theo mc nh cung trn c v ngc chiu kim
ng h i t im u . (Hnh 3-16)
Hnh 3-16 : Start, Center, Angle Hnh 3-17 : Start, Center, Length
4) V CUNG TRN : im u, Tm, Chiu di cung (St, C, Len)

Cung trn v ngc chiu kim ng h i t im u. Ti dng nhc ta nhp L thay cho tu
chn chiu di dy cung chord Length sau y:
Command: A


- Specify end point of arc or [Angle/ chord Length]: L
- Specify length of chord: 100 (Nhp chiu di dy cung); (Hnh 3-17)
5) V CUNG TRN : im u, im cui v gc tm (St, E, Ang)

Cung trn v ngc chiu kim ng h i t im u
Command: A
- Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ ENd]: E
- Specify end point of arc: @-80,80 (Nhp to im cui E2)
- Specify center point of arc or [Angle/ Direction/ Radius]: A (4)
- Specify included Angle: 90 (Nhp gc tm) .(Hnh 3.18)
E2
@-80,80
S1 E2
S1
Hnh 3.18 Hnh 3.19
6) V CUNG TRN : im u, im cui v bn knh (St, E, Rad)

Cung trn v ngc chiu kim ng h i t im u. Ti dng nhc (4) ta nhp R thay cho tu
chn bn knh Radius:
Command: A
- Specify start point of arc or [CEnter]: (Chn S1 lm to im u )
- Specify end point of arc: @120,0 (Nhp to im cui E2)
- Specify center point of arc or [Angle/ Direction/ Radius]: R
- Specify radius of arc: 87 (Nhp gi tr bn knh); (Hnh 3-19)
7) V CUNG TRN im u, im cui, tip tuyn ti im u cung (St, E, Dir)

Cung trn v ngc chiu kim ng h i t im u theo chiu ca hng tip tuyn ti im
u. Ti dng nhc (4) ta nhp D thay cho tu chn bn knh Direction:
Command: A
- Specify start point of arc or [CEnter]: (Chn S1 lm to im u )
- Specify end point of arc: @80,0 (Nhp to im cui E2)
- Specify center point of arc or [Angle/ Direction/ Radius]: D
- Specify tangent direction for the start point of arc: 270 (Nhp gc ca hng tt vi cung
trn ti im u tin; (Hnh 3-20)
E3 @0,50
2700
E2 @80,0
S1
C1 S2 @50,0
Chiu cua hng tt tai im u
Hnh 3-20 : Start, End, Direction Hnh 3-21 : Center, Start, End
8) V CUNG TRN: Tm, im u, im cui (Ce, S, End)

Cung trn v ngc chiu kim ng h i t im u.
Command: A
- Specify start point of arc or [CEnter]: CE
- Specify center point of arc: (Nhp to tm C1)
- Specify start point of arc: @50,0 (Nhp to im u ca cung S2)
- Specify end point of arc or [Angle/ chord Length]: @0,50 (Nhp to im cui E3 so
vi tm C1); (Hnh 3-21)
9) V CUNG TRN : Tm, im u, gc tm (Ce, S, Ang)

Cung trn v ngc chiu kim ng h i t im u.
Command: A
- Specify center point of arc: (Nhp to tm C1)
- Specify end point of arc or [Angle/ chord Length]: A
- Specify included angle: - 90 (Nhp gi tr gc tm ) (Hnh 3- 22)
S2 @50,0
C1
C1 S2 @40,0
Angle -900 L3
Length of chord
(Chiu dai dy cung)
Hnh 3-22 : Center, Start, Angle Hnh 3-23 : Center, Start, Length
10) V CUNG TRN: Tm, im u, chiu di dy cung (Ce, S, Len)

Command: A
- Specify center point of arc: (Ch tm C1)
- Specify end point of arc or [Angle/ chord Length]: L
- Specify length of chord: 80 (Nhp chiu di dy cung ) (Hnh 3-23)
11) V CUNG TRN NI TIP VI ON THNG HAY CUNG TRN VA V .

Lnh Arc ny dng v :
- Cung trn ni tip vi on thng va v ti im sau cng (Hnh 3-24a); hoc
- Cung trn ni tip vi cung trn va v ti im sau cng (Hnh 3-24b)
v cung trn ni tip th ti dng nhc u tin ca lnh Arc nhn phm Enter
Command: A
- Specify start point of arc or [CEnter]:
V d 1:
a) Gi s gi lnh Line v on thng P1P2 ri kt thc; th P2 l im sau cng trn bn v
b) Tip theo gi lnh Arc nh sau:
Command: A
- Specify start point of arc or [CEnter]: (th cung trn s tip xc vi on P1P2 ti im
sau cng P2.)

- Specify end point of arc: @0,80 (Nhp to im cui E2 ca cung) ; (Hnh 3-

24a,b)
ArcCont
E2 Arc va ve
ArcCont S1 E2
Line va ve
Last Point
S1 Last Point
a) Arc ni tip on thng b) Arc ni tip cung trn

Hnh 3.24
V d 2:
Hy thc hin hnh v (Hnh 3.25)
P4 P3
P5
Hnh 3-25 I
P6
O P1
P2
Command: A
- Specify first point: Chn im P1 bt k
- Specify next point or [Undo]: @100,0 (Hoc nhp khong cch trc tip bng cch a con
tr sang phi ri nhp 100 ) ; P2
- Specify next point or [Undo]:
Command: A
- Specify start point of arc or [CEnter]:
- Specify end point of arc: @ 0,100 (c th nhp to trc tip 100) ; P3
Command: A
- Specify first point :
- Length of line : 100 ; (Nhp chiu di trc tip 100); P4
- Specify next point or [Undo]:@ -50,-30; P5
- Specify next point or [Undo]:@ 0,-20 (c th nhp to trc tip 20); P6
- Specify next point or [Close/ Undo]:
Command: A
- Specify start point of arc or [CEnter] : @ (Bt im sau cng lm im u); (@ @0,0)
- Specify center point of arc : @0,-50 ; cho tm O cung trn
- Specify end point of arc or [Angle/ chord Length]: A
- Specify Included angle: -90
Command: A
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: @150,50 ; cho tm I
- Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: 20
3.3.4 V IM (lnh Point)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:

Draw\ Point> Single point DRAW2\ Point Point , Po Draw
Lnh Point dng v mt im trn bn v, trn mn hnh hin th mt kiu im l du chm

(mc nh)
Command: Po
- Specify a point: Nhp to mt im
- Specify a point: (tip tc nhp im hoc nhn Esc kt thc lnh)
THAY I KIU IM (lnh Ddptype)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Format\ Point style... DRAW2\ Point\ Ddptype: Ddptype
S dng lnh Ddptype (Dynamic dialog point type) s xut hin hp thoi Point style
(Hnh 3-26a), trn hp thoi ny ta chn kiu im v nh kch thc kiu im Point Size
ri nh du chn vo :
- Set size Relative to Screen. nh kch thc tng i ca kiu im so vi mn hnh; hoc
- Set size in Absolute Units . nh kch thc tuyt i ca kiu im .
+ Bin Pdmode iu khin s hin th cua cac kiu im,
mi kiu im mang mt s. (hnh 3.26b)
+ Bin Pdsize iu khin kch thc cua kiu im.
Hnh 3.26 Hnh 3.26b
3.3.5 V A TUYN (lnh Pline)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:

Draw\Polyline Draw\Pline Pline, Pl Draw
Lnh Pline c th va v cc phn on thng v cung trn; hnh c v to thnh mt i

tng. y l lnh kt hp gia lnh Line v Arc. Sau khi gi lnh th ch v u tin l
on thng.
3.3.5.1 CH V ON THNG
Sau khi nhp lnh th ch v on thng l ch mc nh u tin.
Command: Pl (hoc Pline)

- Specify start point : (Nhp to im bt u ca Pline )

- Current line- width is 0.0000 (Chiu rng hin hnh ca ng Pline l 0)

- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Haflwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Nhp to im k tip
hoc p cc ch in hoa s dng cc tu chn. (6)
XT MT VI TU CHN CA (6)
- Close ng kn Pline bi mt on thng khi nhp c 3 nh tr ln; (Hnh 3-27a)
- Width Nhp chiu rng ca phn on sp v (Hnh 3-27b)
Command: Pl
- Specify start point: (Chn A1 lm im bt u)
- Current line-width is 0.0000
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: w
- Specify starting width <0.0000>: 4 (Nhp chiu rng t im bt u on thng)
- Specify ending width <4.0000>: (Nhp chiu rng im kt thc on thng)
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @60,0 (A2)
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:
P4 P3
Starting width
A2
Close
A1 Ending width
P1 P2
a) Tu chn Close b) Tu chn Width
Hnh 3-27
- Length V tip mt phn on c phng chiu nh on thng trc (on thng

P2P3 ; (hnh 3-28a). Nu phn on trc l cung trn th phn on thng sp
v s tip xc vi cung trn ti im sau cng P2; (hnh 3-28b)
- Undo Hu b phn on va v.
P2 P3
Length
Length
Start point
P1 P3 Start point - P1
P2
a) b)
Hnh 3-28
3.3.5.2 CH V CUNG TRN
ang v ch ng thng ; Nu nhp A ti dng nhc, s chuyn sang ch v cung trn
tip xc vi phn on thng ti im sau cng.
Command: Pl
- Specify start point: Nhp to im bt u ca Pline
- Current line- width is 0.0000 (Chiu rng hin hnh ca ng Pline l 0)
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Haflwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: A
- Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/Close/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second
pt/Undo/Width]: (7)
XT MT VI TU CHN CA (7)
Width, Undo Tng t nh ch v on thng.

Close Cho php ta ng a tuyn bi mt cung trn

Angle Tng t lnh Arc, khi ti (7) ta p A s xut hin dng nhc ph:
- Specify included angle: Nhp gi tr gc tm.
- Specify end point of arc [Center/Radius]: Chn im cui, Tm, hoc bn
knh.
Center Tng t lnh Arc, khi ti (7) ta p CE .
Command: Pl
- Specify start point: Chn P1 lm im bt u ca Pline
Current line- width is 0.0000 (Chiu rng hin hnh ca ng Pline l 0)
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Haflwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:@50,0 ; P2
- Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/ CEnter/ Close/ Direction/ Halfwidth/ Line/
Radius/ Second pt/ Undo/ Width]: CE
- Specify center point of arc: @50,0 (Nhp to tm O)
- Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/Length]: A
- Specify included angle: 180 (Nhp gc tm); P3
- Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/ CEnter/ CLose/ Direction/ Halfwidth/ Line/
Radius/ Second pt/ Undo/ Width]: L (Ch v on thng)
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @40,0 ; P4
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:;(hnh 3.29)
P1 P2@50,0 P3 P4@40,0
O
Hnh 3.29
Radius Xc nh bn knh cung trn. Ti (7) ta p R s xut hin dng nhc:

- Specify radius of arc: Nhp gi tr bn knh.
- Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle]: Nhp to im cui hay gc .
Second pt Nhp to im th hai ri im cui c th xc nh cung trn i qua 3
im. Ti (7) ta p S s xut hin dng nhc:
- Specify second point of arc: Nhp im th hai
- Specify end point of arc: Nhp im cui.
Line Ti (7) ta p L s tr v ch v ng thng. (Hnh 3.29)
<End point of arc> Nhp (hay chn) to im cui cung trn tip xc vi phn on
trc .
V D
Dng lnh Pline v a tuyn (hnh 3-30)
Command: Pl
- Specify start point: Chn im P1 bt k
- Current line- width is 0.000
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Haflwidth/Length/ Undo/Width]: @30,0 ; cho P2
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Haflwidth/Length/ Undo/Width]: @0,20 ; cho P3
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Haflwidth/Length/ Undo/Width]: A
- Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/Close/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/ Second
pt/Undo/Width]: CE

- Specify center point of arc: @0,-20 ; cho tm P2

- Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle / Length]: A
- Specify included angle: - 90 ; (nhp gc tm) cho P4
- Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/ Second
pt/Undo/Width]: L ; (Ch v on thng)
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Haflwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @30,0 ; cho P5
P7 P6
P8
P3
P1 P2 P4 P5
Hnh 3-30
pt/Undo/Width]: @0,50 ; cho P6
pt/Undo/Width]: L
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Haflwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-50,0 ; cho P7
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Haflwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-30,-25 ; cho P8
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Haflwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: C ; (ng v P1)
3.3.5.3 HIU CHNH A TUYN (lnh Pedit)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :

Modify \ Polyline MODIFY1 \ Pedit Pedit, PE Modify2
Lnh Pedit (Polyline edit) dng hiu chnh a tuyn. y ch kho st hiu chnh cc hnh
2D
Command: Pe
- Select polyline: Chn a tuyn cn hiu chnh .
- Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: Nhp
mt tu chn . (8)
CC TU CHN
Close (Open) ng a tuyn ang h hoc m a tuyn ang ng .(Hnh 3.31)
Close
a) Trc khi hiu chnh- Pline m b) Sau khi hiu chnh- Pline ng
Hn 3.31
Join Ni cc on thng, cung trn hoc a tuyn vi a tuyn c chn thnh mt a
tuyn mi (ch ni c khi nh ca chng ni tip vi nhau).
Command: Pe
- Select polyline: Chn on thng cn hiu chnh; (hnh 3.32a)
Object selected is not a polyline
- Do you want to turn it into one? <Y>
- Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype
gen/Undo]: J
- Select objects: Chn cc phn on Line v Arc ni thnh Polyline
- Select objects: ; (Kt thc chn)
5 segments added to polyline; (Hnh 3.32)
- Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype
gen/Undo]:
a)Trc khi Join (6 i tng) b) Sau khi join (thnh1 i tng Pline)
Hnh 3.32
Width nh chiu rng mi cho ng Pline, khi (8) ta p W s xut hin dng nhc:
- Specify new width for all segments: Nhp chiu rng mi cho c a tuyn
(Hnh 3.33).
a) Trc khi Pedit W= 0 b) Sau khi Pedit W=3
Hnh 3.33
Fit Chuyn a tuyn Polyline thnh mt ng cong l tp hp cc cung trn, cc
cung trn ny tip xc nhau v i qua cc nh ca a tuyn (Hnh 3.34)
a) Trc khi Fit b) Sau khi Fit

Hnh 3.34
Spline Chuyn a tuyn Polyline thnh mt ng cong Polyline Spline i qua im u

v im cui ca a tuyn (nu ng cong h).
- Nu bin Splinetype = 5 th ng cong c dng bc hai (quadratic) v tip xc
im gia ca cc phn on (Hnh 3.35a) .
- Nu bin Splinetype = 6 (mc nh) th ng cong c dng bc ba (cubic)
(Hnh 3.35b) .
- xut hin cc khung ca Pline ta nh bin SPLFRAME l 1(mc nh = 0).
a) Pline vi Splinetype = 5 b) Spline vi Splinetype = 6

Hnh 3.35
Decurve Chuyn cc phn on l cc cung trn ca a tuyn thnh cc phn on l cc
on thng (Hnh 3.36) .

a) Trc khi decurve b) Sau khi decurve

Hnh 3.36
Ltype gen Khi dng ng khng phi l ng lin tc th ti cc nh giao im ca
chng ph thuc vo Ltype gen l ON hay OFF (mc nh l OFF ng theo
TCVN) (Hnh 3.37).
Undo Hu b mt la chn va thc hin .
H la sai
Giao la ung
a) Ltype gen OFF b) Ltype gen ON

Hnh 3.37
3.3.6 V HNH A GIC U (lnh Polygon)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:

Draw\Polygon Draw\Polygon: Polygon hoc Pol Draw
Lnh Polygon dng v a gic u. a gic ny l a tuyn (Pline) c s on

(segments) bng s cnh ca a gic, a gic c v ngc chiu kim ng h. Tu thuc vo
cch cho kch thc ta c 3 cch v a gic u :
1) a gic ngoi tip ng trn (Circumscribed about circle)

Khi cho trc bn knh ng trn ni tip a gic (Hnh 3-38 a)
Command: Pol
- Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh a gic (Hnh 3-44a l 5 cnh)
- Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp to tm ca a gic.
- Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] < I >: C
- Specify radius of circle: Nhp gi tr bn knh ng trn ni tip .
2) a gic ni tip ng trn (Inscribed in circle)

Khi cho trc bn knh ng trn ngoi tip a gic (hnh 3-38b).
Command: Pol
- Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh a gic (Hnh 3-44b l 5 cnh)
- Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp to tm ca a gic.
- Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle]< I >: I
- Specify radius of circle: Nhp bn knh ca ng trn ngoi tip .
3) Nhp to mt cnh ca a gic (Edge)

Khi cho trc chiu di mt cnh ca a gic u (Hnh 3-38c)

Command: Pol
- Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh a gic (Hnh 3-38c l 5 cnh)
- Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: E
- Specify first endpoint of edge: Nhp to im u mt cnh (P1) .
- Specify second endpoint of edge: Nhp to im cui ca cnh (P2)
Center Center
P1 P2
a) Circumscribed (ngoi tip) b) Inscribed (ni tip) c) Edge (cnh)
Hnh 3-38
3.3.7 V HNH CH NHT (lnh Rectang)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:

Draw\ Rectangle DRAW1\ Rectang: Rectang , Rec Draw
Lnh Rectang dng v hnh ch nht, hnh ch nht l mt a tuyn (Polyline).
Command: Rec
- Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Nhp to gc
th nht ca hnh ch nht.(P1) .
- Specify other corner point : Nhp to gc i ca hnh ch nht. (Hnh 3-39a).
CC TU CHN
Nu s dng tu chn th phi nhp tu chn trc khi nhp hai nh ca hnh ch nht.
Chamfer Cho php vt mp 4 nh hnh ch nht, cnh vt th nht l cnh thng ng i

qua gc th nht (P1) ca hnh ch nht. u tin ta nh cc khong cch mp
vt, sau v hnh ch nht (Hnh 3-39b).
Command: Rec
- Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: C
- Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles <0.000>: 20 ; (k/cch vt 1)
- Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles < 20 >: 25 ; (k/cch vt 1)
- Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Chn im P1 lm
nh th nht.
- Specify other corner point :@120,-100 ; (im P2) .
Fillet Cho php bo trn cc nh ca hnh ch nht (Hnh 3-39c)

Command: Rec
- Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness / Width]: F
- Specify fillet radius for rectangles < 20 >: 30 ; (bn knh bo trn)
- Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Chn im P1 lm
nh th nht.
- Specify other corner point: @120,-100 ; (im P2) .
Width Cho php nh chiu rng nt v(Hnh 3-45d)

Command: Rec
- Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness / Width] : W
- Specify line width for rectangles <0.000>: 3 (chiu rng nt v)
- Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness / Width] : Chn im P1
lm nh th nht.
- Specify other corner point: @120,-100 ; (im P2) .
Elevation / Thickness nh chiu cao v dy khi to vt th 3D.

120 25
P1 P1
20
100
P2
P1 a) P2 b)
P1
P2 P2
c) d)
Hnh 3.39
3.3.8 V NT LN SNG (lnh Spline)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :

Draw \ Spline DRAW1 \ Spline Spline, Spl Draw
Lnh Spline dng v ng cong i qua cc im chn, .... Khi s dng lnh Spline ta phi
xc nh cc im m Spline s i qua; (Hnh 3.40; 3.41a) .
Hnh 3.40
Command: Spl
- Specify first point or [Object] : Chn im th nht ca ng Spline (im P1) .
- Specify next point: Chn im tip theo ca ng Spline (im P2) .
- Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance]<Start tangent>: Chn im tip theo ca ng
Spline (im P3) .
Spline (im P4) .
Spline hoc nhn Enter kt thc .
- Specify start tangent: Chn hng tip tuyn ti im u hoc nhn Enter chn mc nh
.
- Specify end tangent: Chn hng tip tuyn ti im cui hoc nhn Enter chn mc nh
.(Hnh 3.41b) P2
P4
P2 P3
P1 Close
P3
P4
P1
a) P4 c)
P2 p4
P2
P3 P5 P3
P1
P1 b) d)
Hnh 3.41
CC TU CHN
Object Nhm chuyn ng Pline Spline thnh ng Spline.(ng Pline Spline l
ng c v bng lnh Pline vi tu chn Spline)
Command: Spl
- Specify first point or [Object]: O
- Select objects to convert to splines (Chn Pline Spline chuyn thnh
Spline).
- Select objects: Chn ng Pline spline .
- Select objects : Chn tip pline spline hoc nhn Enter kt thc .
Close Dng ng kn Spline (Hnh 3.41c).
Fit Tolerance bng 0 th ng Spline i qua cc im chn; khi gi tr ny dng khc 0

cng ln th ng Spline ko cng ra xa cc im chn (Hnh 4.41d).
- Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <Start tangent >: F
- Specify fit tolerance <0.0000>: Nhp gi tr dng (nhp 30).
3.3.9 V NG ELIP (lnh Ellipse)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :

Draw \ Ellipse DRAW1 \ Ellipse Ellipse, El Draw
Lnh Ellipse dng v ng ellipse. Tu thuc vo cc gi tr ca bin PELLIPSE m ta c

cc ng ellipse khc nhau. Nu bin :
- PELLIPSE = 1 th ng ellipse l mt a tuyn, a tuyn ny l tp hp cc cung trn,
tng t lnh ellipse ca cc Release trc. Ta c th dng lnh Pedit
hiu chnh ellipse ny.
- PELLIPSE = 0 th ng ellipse l ng Spline v ta khng th dng lnh Explode ph
v. ng ellipse ny ta c th truy bt tm, gc 1/4 cung .
Sau y s trng by ba phng php v Ellipse vi bin PELLIPSE= 0 mc nh.
1) V ELIP - Nhp to hai u mt mt trc v bn trc cn li

Command: El

- Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: Nhp to im cui th nht ca trc

(im E1); (Hnh 3.42a)
- Specify other endpoint of axis: @120,0 (Nhp to im cui th hai ca trc ); E2
- Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 40 (Nhp khong cch na trc cn li); E3.
E3 E2
E1 E2@120,0
C E1
a) Mt trc v bn trc cn li b) Tm v hai bn trc

Hnh 3.42
2) V ELIP - Nhp to tm , im cui mt u trc v bn trc cn la
Command: El
- Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/ Center]: Ce
- Specify center of ellipse: Nhp to tm C ca ellipse ; (Hnh 3.42b)
- Specify endpoint of axis: @50,0 ; (Nhp to im cui ca 1 trc); E1
- Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: Nhp khong cch na trc cn li; E2
3) V CUNG ELIP
Tu chn Arc ca ellpse cho php v cung elp. Cung Elip c v ngc chiu kim ng h
Command: El
- Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: A
- Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: Nhp to im cui th nht E1 ca
trc (Hnh 3.43)
- Specify other endpoint of axis: @-100,0 ; (Nhp to im cui th hai ca trc ); E2
- Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 35 ; (Nhp khong cch na trc cn li); E3
- Specify start angle or [Parameter]: 30 (Nhp gi tr gc bt u ca cung Ellipse). y l
gc gia trc va nh (E2E1) vi ng thng ni t tm n im u cung .
- Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: 180 - Nhp gi tr gc cui ca cung
Ellipse. y l gc gia trc va nh (E2E1) vi ng thng ni t tm n im cui
cung. Gc dng l gc ngc chiu kim ng h.
Start angle
End angle
E3 End angle
300
E1
E2@100,0
E2 @-100,0 E1
E3
Start angle
a) im cui th nht E1 ca trc nm bn phi b) im cui th nht E1 nm bn tri
Hnh 3.43
3.3.10 CHIA U I TNG THNH CC ON BNG NHAU (lnh Divide)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Draw\Point>\ Divide DRAW2 \ Divide Divide hoc Div
Lnh Divide dng chia u i tng (Line, Arc, Circle, Pline, Spline) thnh cc on c
chiu di bng nhau. Ti cc im chia ca i tng s xut hin mt kiu im. i tng
c chia vn gi nguyn tnh cht l nt i tng.
Command: Div
- Select object to divide: Chn i tng cn chia .
- Enter the number of segments or [Block]: 5 (Nhp s on cn chia) ; (Hnh 3.44)
Hnh 3.44- Lnh Divide
Hnh 3.45- Lnh Measure
3.3.11 CHIA I TNG THNH CC ON C DI BNG NHAU CHO

TRC (lnh Measure)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:

Draw \ Point>\Measure Draw2 \ Measure Measure hoc Me Draw
Lnh Measure dng chia i tng thnh cc on c chiu di bng nhau cho trc. Ti cc
im chia ca i tng s xut hin mt im .i tng c chia vn gi nguyn tnh cht l
nt i tng.
Command: Me
- Select object to measure : Chn i tng cn chia .
- Specify length of segments or [Block]: Nhp chiu di mi on ; (Hnh 3.45)
3.3.12 V ON THNG C CHIU RNG NT (lnh Trace)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
G lnh Toolbar
Trace Miscellaneous
Lnh Trace dng v cc phn on thng c chiu rng nt. Lnh ny khng c tu chn
Command: Trace P3
- Specify trace width <0.0000>: 4 (Nhp chiu rng nt 4 mm)
- Specify start point: (Nhp to im u) P1
- Specify next point: @100,0 (Nhp to im tip theo) P2
- Specify next point: @0,50 (Nhp to im tip theo) P3 P1 P2
- Specify next point: (hnh 3.46) Hnh 3.46
3.3.13 V HNH VNH KHN (lnh Donut)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Draw \ Donut DRAW1\ Donut Donut, Do Draw

Lnh Donut dng v hnh vnh khn, ging nh ng trn c chiu rng nt. Thng dng
lnh ny cc ng trn t m biu din mt ct ngang ca thanh thp khi ng knh trong
bng 0. (Hnh 3.47).
Command: Do
- Specify inside diameter of donut <0.5000>: Nhp gi tr ng knh trong .
- Specify outside diameter of donut <1.0000>: Nhp gi tr ng knh ngoi .
- Specify center of donut or <exit>: Xc nh to tm ca Donut .
- Specify center of donut or <exit>:
Hnh Donut c t en (Hnh3.47a), hoc khng t en (Hnh3.47b) tu thuc vo trng thi
ON hoc OFF ca lnh Fill .
Command: Fill
- Enter mode [ON/OFF] <ON>: G On hoc Off
a) FILL - ON b) FILL - OFF
Hnh 3.47
========================

Chng 4 CC PHNG THC TRUY BT

IM I TNG
Mt trong nhng u im ca phn mm AutoCAD l v c chnh xc rt cao. V li cc bn
v trn AutoCAD c th chuyn sang cc phn mm ng dng cng ngh cao nh: CAD v
CAD / CAM, m cc phn mm ny i hi s chnh xc tuyt i. Ngoi ra khi s dng lnh
ghi kch thc trong AutoCAD2000 th ch s kch thc s hin ln theo kch thc m ta v,
do mun ghi kch thc ng th bn v phi cc k chnh xc. Trong chng ny s trnh
by cc phng thc truy bt im i tng nh: bt im cui, im gia, tm im, giao
im, gc phn t,... ca i tng . Khi s dng cc phng thc truy bt im, ti giao im
hai si tc xut hin mt vung truy bt gi l Aperture v ti im cn truy bt xut hin mt
hnh du hiu ring nhn bit cho tng im truy bt - gi l Marker.
4.1 CC PHNG THC TRUY BT IM TM TR (Object Snap)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Shortcut menu Screen Menu G lnh Toolbar
Shift + Nt phi Nhp vo hng Nhp 3 ch ci u tin ca phng Object Snap
chut thc truy bt im nh: (END, MID...)
Cc phng thc truy bt im i tng (Object snap) dng truy bt nhanh cc im thuc
i tng nh : bt im cui, im gia, tm im, giao im, gc phn t, .... Khi chn cc
im cn truy bt thuc i tng th AutoCAD s t ng tnh to im v gn cho im
cn nhp.
1) Shortcut menu
2) Nhp vo hng 4 sao
3) Thanh cng c Object Snap
Hnh 4.1
CCH GI PHNG THC TRUY BT IM TM TR NH SAU:

1) Nhn phm Shift v ng thi nhp nt phi chut s xut hin danh mc tt gi l Shortcut
menu; trn danh mc ny cha danh sch cc phng thc bt im (hnh 4.1)
2) T danh mc mn hnh Screen menu nhp chn hng s xut hin danh sch cha cc
phng thc bt im (hnh 4.1)
3) Nhp 3 ch ci u tin ca phng thc truy bt im cn bt nh: (END, MID...)

4) Nhp phi chut vo mt biu tng bt k s xut hin mt danh mc tt (Shortcut menu),
chn ch Object Snap s xut hin thanh cng c bt im tm tr Object Snap (hnh 4.2)
TempoaryTracking End Intersec... Extent Quadrant Per... Insert Nearest Object Snap
point
From Mid AppInter... Center Tangent Parallel Node None

Hnh 4.2.
1. ENDpoint, End, : Bt im cui

Dng truy bt im cui ca Line, Spline, Arc, phn on ca Pline, Mline. Sau khi nhp
phng thc bt im, hy a vung truy bt n chm i tng gn im cui cn truy bt
ri nhp nt tri chut AutoCAD2000 truy bt im cui (Hnh 4.3)
V tr END
V tr END
Hnh 4.3
2. MIDpoint, Mid, : Bt im gia
Dng truy bt im gia ca Line, Spline, Arc. Sau khi nhp phng thc bt im hy a
vung truy bt n chm mt im bt k trn i tng ri nhp nt tri chut (hnh 4.4).
V tr MID
V tr MID
Hnh 4.4
2. INTersection, Int, : Bt giao im
Dng truy bt giao im ca hai i tng. Mun truy bt giao im th sau khi nhp phng
thc bt im ta phi a vung truy bt n cha giao im s xut hin mt du nhn (X) ri
nhp nt tri chut chn (Hnh 4.5)
V tr INTersection
Hnh 4.5 V tr INTersection
Ch
Ta c th truy bt giao im ca hai i tng khi ko di mi giao nhau (hnh 4.6). Sau khi
nhp phng thc bt im ta phi chn ln lt hai i tng.
V tr INTersection
V tr INTersection
Hnh 4.6

4. APPint (Apparent intersection), App, : Bt giao im biu kin

Dng truy bt giao im biu kin ca cc i tng 3D dng khung dy, giao nhau ti mt
im nhn hin hnh hnh biu din m thc t trong khng gian chng khng giao nhau
(Hnh 4.7). Trong khng gian hai chiu (2D) cc phng thctruy bt giao im Apparent
intersection v INTersection l nh nhau
V tr INTersection
Hnh 4.7
5. CENter, Cen, : Bt im tm
Dng truy bt im tm ca ng trn, cung trn, elip. Sau khi nhp phng thc bt im
ta a vung truy bt n chm mt im trn cung ca i tng s xut hin du hiu "vng
trn nh" tm ri nhp nt tri chut chn (Hnh 4.8)
V tr CEN V tr CEN
V tr CEN
vung truy bt
Hmh 4.8
6. QUAdrant, Qua, : Bt gc phn t
Truy bt cc im 1/4 (im gc 00, 900, 1800, 2700) ca ng trn, cung trn. Sau khi nhp
phng thc bt im ta a vung truy bt n chm i tng gn im gc phn t cn truy
bt, s xut hin du hiu "hnh thoi" gc t , ri nhp nt tri chut chn (Hnh 4.9).
Truy bt QUAdrant gn nht

Truy bt QUAdrant gn nht Hnh 4.9
7. TANgent, Tan, : Bt tip im
Phng thc ny dng truy bt tip im ca cc i tng tip xc nhau. Sau khi nhp
phng thc bt im ta a vung truy bt n chm mt im trn i tng gn im tip
xc s xut hin mt du hiu "vng trn c gch ngang trn" ri nhp nt tri chut chn
(Hnh 4-10)
Bt TANgent
a) b)
Hnh 4.10

8. PERpendicular, Per, : Bt im vung gc

Truy bt im vung gc vi i tng, v tr im vung gc c th nm trn ng thng ko
di. Sau khi nhp phng thc bt im, ta a vung truy bt n chm mt im trn i
tng s xut hin mt du hiu "gc vung" trn i tng ri nhp nt tri chut chn
(Hnh 4.11)
Bt im chen
dong vn ban
AUTOCAD 2000
V tr PERpendicular
Hnh 4.11 Hnh 4. 12
9. INSert, Ins, : Bt im chn vn bn

Dng truy bt im bt u vit dng vn bn text hoc Block. Hy a vung truy bt n
chm mt im bt k ca dng vn bn hoc Block ri nhp nt tri chut (Hnh 4.12).
10. NODe, Nod, : Bt im (Point, Divide, Measure)

Dng truy bt tm ca mt im khi dng lnh Point, Divide, Measure. Sau khi nhp phng
thc bt im, ta a vung truy bt n cha im cn truy bt s xut hin mt du hiu
"ch X c vng trn gia" ri nhp nt tri chut chn (Hnh 4.13)
NOD truy bt POINT

NEA truy bt im trn i tng
Hnh 4.13 Hnh 4.14
11. NEArest, Nea, : Bt im tu trn i tng
Truy bt mt im tu thuc i tng gn giao im vi hai si tc nht. a vung truy
bt n chm i tng gn im cn truy bt ri nhp nt tri chut (Hnh 4.14).
12. FROm, Fro,
Dng bt mt im thng qua mt im khc lm chun. Sau khi nhp phng thc bt im
Fro. Ta tin hnh hai bc nh sau:
- Base point: Chn im chun.
- Offset : Nhp to tng i hoc cc tng i ca im cn bt so vi im chun.
V d 1
Hy v on thng P5P3 v ng trn c kch thc c cho nh (Hnh 4.15).
P1 P5
Hnh 4.15
P4
P2 P3

Command: L
- Specify first point: Fro (hoc nhp vo biu tng truy bt From)
+ Base point: End of (truy bt im P1 lm chun).
+ <Offset>: @30,0 (xc nh im P5)
- Specify next point or [Undo]: Fro (hoc nhp vo biu tng truy bt From)
+ <Offset>: @-50,0 (xc nh im P3)
- Specify next point or [Undo] :
Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P / 2P / Ttr (tan tan radius) ]: Fro
+ < Offset >: @90,-40 (Tm ng trn)
- Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: Tan to (chn ng thng P3P5 lm tip tuyn).
13. Temporary tracking point, tt,

Trong AutoCAD2000 ta c th s dng phng thc Temporary Track point truy bt to
mt im tng i thng qua mt hoc hai im khc lm chun. Tng t phng thc truy
bt From.
14. Parallel, par, : Bt Song song
Phng thc truy bt im ny dng v ng thng song song vi ng thng c trn
bn v
V d 3
Cho ng thng d. Bng phng thc truy bt im parallel hy v ng thng MN= 60 mm
v song song vi ng thng d cho trc (hnh 4.16)
N
d Parallel
M Parallel: 38.6343 < 31
Hnh 4.16
Command: L
- Specify first point: Chn im M tu
- Specify next point or [Undo]: PAR to (Hy a vung truy bt n chm ng thng d s
xut hin du hiu song song (//) trn d ti tm ca hai si tc v ch Parallel di hai si tc;
ri sau ko vung truy bt v v tr song song vi d s xut hin dng Parallel: 38.6343 <
31; lc ny ta nhp 60 ; s cho im N.
15. Extention,Ext, : Ko di i tng

Phng thc truy bt im Extention dng ko di on thng hoc chiu di cung trn. Khi
a vung truy bt n chm im cui ca on thng hoc cung trn cn ko di th s xut
hin du cng (+) v ch Endpoint thng bo cho bit im cui ca i tng c chn
c th ko di. Khi ko di th pha di hai si tc s xut hin ToolTip nh sau: Extention: d <
, lc ny ta nhp khong cch d cn ko di so vi im cui .

V d 4
Cho hnh ch nht c xc nh bi hai nh P1, P4. Hy s dng phng thc bt im
Extention v ng thng P2P3 c cho nh (hnh 4.17)
P2
P1
Extention: d< 0
P3 P4
Extention: d<180
Hnh 4.17
Command: L
- Specify first point: EXT of (a vung truy bt n cha giao im P1 th du (+) s
hin im P1, r si tc sang phi s xut hin ng dn hng chm ...... v dng thng
bo Extention: d< 0 di tc; lc ny ta nhp 20 ; cho P2
- Specify next point or [Undo]: EXT of (a vung truy bt n cha giao im P4 th du
(+) s hin ln im P4, r con chy sang tri s xut hin ng dn hng chm ...... v
dng thng bo Extention: d<180; lc ny ta nhp 30 ; cho im P3 (d - l khong cch t
P4 n tm ca hai si tc).
V D NG DNG PHNG THC TRUY BT IM TM TR

V d 6
Hy dng lnh Pline, Divide v cc phng thc truy bt im tm tr hon thnh hnh v
c cho bi (hnh 4.18) P1
P4
P6
P3
P2 P5 P7
Hnh 4.18
Command: L
- Specify first point: Chn im P1 tu
- Specify next point or [Undo]: 100 (Nhp trc tip) ; cho im P2
- Specify next point or [Undo]: 180(Nhp trc tip) ; cho im P3
- Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C
Command: Divide (hoc Div)
- Select object to divide: Chn cnh P1P3 chia
- Enter the number of segments or [Block]: 3(nhp s on cn chia)
Command: L
- Specify first point: ENDof (truy bt im P2 )
- Specify next point or [Undo]: NODof (truy bt im P4 )
- Specify next point or [Undo]: PER to (chn cnh P2P3) ; cho im P5
- Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: NODof (truy bt im P6 )
- Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: PER to (chn cnh P2P3) ; cho im P7
- Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C ; (hnh 4.21)
V d 7
Hy thc hin bn v (Hnh 4.19).
O I
Hnh 4.19
Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Chn im O tu lm tm
- Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <15.0000>: 15
Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: CENof (truy bt tm O ca
ng trn f30)
Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:@140,0 ; (Tm I)
Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: CEN of ; (truy bt tm I ca
ng trn f50)
Command: L
- Specify first point: TANto (chn ng trn tm O)
- Specify next point or [Undo]: TAN to (chn ng trn tm I)
- Specify next point or [Undo]: (cho tip tuyn pha trn)
v tip tuyn pha di ta thc hin tng t
4.2 PHNG THC TRUY BT IM THNG TR (lnh Osnap, Ddosnap)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu Shortcut menu G lnh Toolbar

Tools\Drafting settings ... Osnap Setting ... Ds,Os,Se,Ddosnap, dsettings ,F3 Osnap
Lnh Ddosnap cng c gi bng cch nhp phi chut ln nt Osnap hoc Polar, hoc
Otrack trn thanh trng thi ri chn Settings... s xut hin hp thoi Drafting Settings
(Hnh 4.20). Hp thoi ny c ba Tab: Snap and Grid; Polar Tracking; Object Snap
4.2-1 TAB OBJECT SNAP

Trn tab ny cha cc phng thc bt im. m phng thc no ta nh du chn vo cc
hnh ch nht bn tri tn ca cc phng thc truy bt nm trong khung Object Snap modes
CC NT CHN KHC
Select all M tt c cc phng thc bt im c trong khung ca s

Clear all Hu b tt c cc phng thc bt im chn trong khung
Object Snap On (F3) Tt, m ch bt im thng tr
Object Snap Tracking On (F11) Tt, m ch truy bt im theo Tracking
Hnh 4.20 Hnh 4.21

Ch
a) Khi a vung truy bt chm vi i tng cn truy bt im, ta c th s dng phm Tab
xoay vng (cycle through) v tr im cn truy bt.
b) Ngoi cch chn phng thc truy bt im thng tr hp thoi nh trn; ta cn s dng
lnh: Osmode hoc -Osnap m bt im thng tr trn ca s lnh (Command window)
nh sau:
Command: Osmode (Phng thc bt im thng tr)
- Enter new value for OSMODE <0>: 4287 (Nhp gi tr mi cho Osmode; 16383 tt c)
HOC:
Command: - OSNAP
- Enter list of object snap modes: End, Mid, Cen, Qua (Nhp danh sch ba ch u ca mi
phng thc truy bt im thng tr v chng cch nhau bi du phy)
Command: - OSNAP ; (Thot khi phng thc truy bt im thng tr)
- Enter list of object snap modes: NON
Nt Options...
Khi chn nt Options... gc tri pha di ca hp thoi (hnh 4.20) s xut hin hp thoi
Options (Hnh 4.21)
Trong AutoCAD khi a vung truy bt (Aperture) n chm vi i tng gn im cn truy
bt th s xut hin mt hnh Marker du hiu ring cho tng im truy bt v dng ch Tooltip
m t im cn truy bt .(Hnh 4.22).
Aperture
Marker Hnh 4.22
Tooltip

CC NT CHN TRN HP THOI OPTIONS (Hnh 4.21)

1) Khung AutoSnap Setting
- Ta c th kim tra s hin th ca cc: Marker, Magnit, Display AutoSnap Tooltip, Display
AutoSnap aperture box bng cch nh du chn vo cc hnh ch nht bn tri tn ca
chng (thng bn ny u c chn)
- Mu cu hnh Marker c chn danh sch tri xung ca khung AutoSnap marker color
2) Khung AutoSnap Marker Size
Dng thay i kch thc hnh Marker k hiu cho tng im truy bt bng cch di chuyn
con chy sang tri hoc sang phi
3) Khung Aperture Size
Dng tng kch thc ca vung truy bt (Aperture) hy di chuyn con chy sang phi .
4) Khung AutoTrack v Khung Alignment Point Acquisition
Dng kim tra s hin th ca Tracking Vectors (ng dn hng) v ToolTip ca Tracking
Vectors
4.2.2 TAB POLAR TRACKING

Khi nhp vo tab Polar Tracking s xut hin trang mi ca hp thoi Drafting Settings
(hnh 4.23).
CC NT CHN
Nt Polar Tracking on (F10) dng tt, m ch dn hng cc
1) Khung Polar Angle Settings (Cc thit lp gc cc)
thit lp cc gc dng cho dn hng cc (Polar Tracking)
GIA GC CC (Increment Angle)

- Nhp vo mi tn Increment Angle s xut hin mt danh sch ko xung gm cc gia gc
cc nh sn: 900, 450, 300, 22.50, 180, 150, 100, v 50 (hnh 4.24). Gi s chn 450. Khi gi
lnh v Line chn im u P1, nhp im P2 hy di chuyn chut; c mi ln tng 450 s
xut hin ng dn hng nt t.
- Trong ACAD2000 cc gc cc hin th mc nh l 00, 900,1800, 2700 so vi ng chun
ca trc X ca h to hin hnh. hin th gia gc cc khc ta phi chn la gc danh
sch Increment Angle (hnh 4.24)
- hin th ng dn hng cc ta phi nh du chn vo nt Track Using All Polar Angle
Settings
Hnh 4.23 Hnh 4.24

Ch
- Ch Ortho tng ng vi gia gc cc 900, do khng th ng thi m ch Ortho
cng vi Polar Tracking. Khi m ch ny th AutoCAD2000 t ng tt ch kia

- hin th cc vector dn hng cc th phi m ng thi ba ch POLAR, OSNAP v

OTRACK bng cch kch vo nt Polar, Osnap v Otrack trn thanh trng thi di mn
hnh.
THM GC CC TUYT I (Additional Angles) (hnh 4.25)

Gc cc tuyt i l gc hp vi trc x ca h to hin hnh.
Trnh t thm gc cc c thc hin nh sau:
- Chn nt New th ca s bn di Additional Angles sng ln
- Nhp cc gc cc mi vo ca s danh sch
- Nhp nt New ln na nhp tip gc cc mi. S gc cc nhp vo ti a l 10 gc
- hin th ng dn hng cc ta phi nh du chn vo nt Track Using All Polar Angle
Settings
- Nu khng mun s dng cc gc cc nhp th hy b du kim nt Additional Angles
Hnh 4.25
XO GC CC (Delete)
xo gc cc nm trong danh sch nhp, ta chn gc cc ri nhp nt Delete (hnh 4.25)
2) Khung Object Snap Tracking Settings

C cc nt la chn sau:
- Track Orthogonally Only
Ch hin th ng dn hng nm ngang v thng ng (horizontal/vertical) khi xc nh im
c chn
- Track Using All Polar Angle Settings
Cho php con tr chy dc theo tt c ng dn hng cc khi xc nh im c chn .
3) Khung Polar Angle Measurement

C cc nt la chn sau:
- Absolute Gc dn hng cc tuyt i da vo h to s dng hin hnh
- Relative to Last Segment Gc dn hng cc tng i so vi i tng c v
V D NG DNG V TRACKING
V d 1
Cho trc on thng MN. S dng Polar Tracking hy v on thng bt u t im N vi
NP= 60mm v vung gc vi MN, (hnh 4.26)

Tracking vector P
(Vect dn hng) Relative Polar: 50.2654 < 90
ng ang v N
Endpoint AutoTrack Tooltip
M
Hnh 4.26
1. M hp thoi Drafting Settings chn tab Polar Tracking, chn nt Relative to Last Segment,
nhp OK
2. M ng thi cc ch POLAR, OSNAP v OTRACK trn thanh trng thi
Command: L
- Specify first point: Truy bt im cui N ca on thng MN
- Specify next point or [Undo]: Di chuyn con chy trn ng thng dn hng qua N vung
gc vi MN s xut hin dng ToolTip di con chy nh sau Relative Polar: 50.2654 < 90 ;
lc ny ta nhp trc tip 60 ; cho im P cn xc nh
- Specify next point or [Undo]: ( kt thc)
V d 2
Cho trc on thng AB. S dng ch Object Snap Tracking hy v on thng AC bt u
t im A tho mn BC= 100mm v hp vi ng nm ngang mt gc 300 ; (hnh 4.27)
C Endpoint: 150.2654 < 30
B Tracking vector
Endpoint (Vect dn hng)
Hnh 4.27
1) M hp thoi Drafting Settings chn tab Polar Tracking ( danh sch Increment Angle
chn gia gc cc 30 (hoc nhp gc cc mi 30), chn nt Absolute; nhp OK
2) M ng thi cc ch OSNAP, POLAR v OTRACK.trn thanh trng thi
Command: L
- Specify first point: Truy bt im cui A ca on thng AB
- Specify next point or [Undo]: Di chuyn vung truy bt i qua im B s xut hin ToolTip
Endpont, di chuyn con chy trn ng thng dn hng qua B, lc ny xut hin dng
ToolTip di con chy nh sau: Endpont 150.2654 < 30; hy nhp trc tip 100; cho im
C cn xc nh
=====================

Chng 5 CC PHNG PHP CHN I TNG

5.1 CC PHNG PHP CHN I TNG
Khi thc hin cc lnh hiu chnh th xut hin dng nhc Select objects lc ny hai si tc
chuyn sang vung, s dng vung ny chn i tng.
Sau y l cc phng php chn i tng :
Expects a point or Window/Last/Crossing/BOX/ALL/Fence/WPolygon/CPolygon/Group/

Add/Remove/Multiple/Previous/Undo/AUto/Single. (*)
Ti dng Select objects G ch in thay cho phng thc bt im (*). i tng no c

chn th s chuyn sang nt t.
Trn danh mc mn hnh hy chn ASSIST cng cho ta cc phng php khc nhau chn
i tng.
CC PHNG PHP CHN I TNG GM:

1 . Pickbox Khi thc hin cc lnh hiu chnh s xut hin dng nhc Select objects ta
a vung n chm i tng v nhp phm chn, mi ln ch chn c
mt i tng; (Hnh 5.1a)
2 . AU Ti dng nhc Select objects: ta chn hai nh i din xc nh khung ca
s hnh ch nht cha i tng cn phng mn hnh.
- Nu nh u tin P1 bn tri, nh th hai P2 bn phi th nhng i tng
no nm hon ton bn trong ca s s c chn (Hnh 5.2b).
- Nu nh u tin P1 bn phi, nh th hai P2 bn tri th nhng i tng
no bn trong hoc giao vi khung ca s s c chn ; (Hnh 5.2c)
P2
P1
P1 P2
a) Pick b) Auto (Window) c) Auto (Crossing)
Hnh 5 .1
3.Window (W) Ti dng nhc Select objects ta nhp W v nhn Enter, sau chn hai
nh i din P1 v P2 xc nh khung ca s. Nhng i tng no
nm hon ton trong khung ca s hnh ch nht s c chn (Hnh 5.1b)
4. Crossing (C) Ti dng nhc Select objects ta nhp C v nhn Enter, sau chn hai
nh P1 v P2 xc nh khung ca s hnh ch nht. Nhng i tng
no nm trong hoc giao vi khung ca s s c chn (Hnh 5.1c) .
5. WPolygon (WP) Ging nh Window nhng khung ca s
P3
l mt a gic. Nhng i tng no
P4
bn trong ca s s c chn .(hnh 5.2)
Ti dng nhc Select Objects ta nhp WP s xut hin dng
nhc tip sau : P2
- First polygon point: Nhp nh th nht P1 ca a gic.
- Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: Nhp nh th hai P2 ca a gic P1 Hnh 5.2
- Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: Nhp nh th ba P3, nh h t P4... ca a gic.

6. CPolygon (CP) Ging nh Crossing nhng khung ca s l mt a gic (hnh 5.3)
P3
P2 P2
Hnh 5.3 P1 Hnh 5.4 P3
P1
7. Fence (F) To mt b ro l ng gp khc chn i tng, nhng i tng no
giao vi b ro s c chn (Hnh 5.4).
Ti dng nhc Select Objects ta nhp F v nhn Enter s xut hin dng nhc:
- First fence point: Chn im th nht ca b ro; im P1
- Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: Chn im th hai ca b ro; im P2
- Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: Chn im th ba ca b ro; im P3
- Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: nhn Enter
8. Last (L) Khi p L v nhn Enter th i tng no c v sau cng nht s c
chn
9. Previous (P) Nu ti dng nhc Select Objects ta nhp P v nhn Enter th chn li cc
i tng chn ca mt lnh hiu chnh sau cng nht .
10 . All Tt c cc i tng trn bn v hin hnh s c chn.
11 . SIngle (SI) Ch cho php chn mt i tng ri kt thc vic chn.
12 . Multiple (M) Cho php chn nhiu i tng.
13 . Remove (R) Loi b mt s i tng t b cc i tng chn. Nu ti dng nhc
Select Objects ta nhp R v nhn Enter th s xut hin dng nhc
Remove objects, ti dng nhc ny ta chn cc i tng loi ra khi
b chn, i tng no loi b th chuyn sang nt thy.
14 . Add (A) Thm i tng vo b chn, ti dng nhc Remove objects ta p A v
nhn Enter ri sau ti dng nhc Select Objects hy chn i tng cn
thm vo cho b chn.
15 . Undo (U) Hu b i tng va c chn. Nu ti dng nhc Select Objects ta
nhp U v nhn Enter th b i tng va c chn.
16 . Group (G) Chn nhm cc i tng c t tn bi lnh Group trc .
- Select objects: G
- Enter group name: Nhp tn nhm i tng c t tn bi group trc , khi
nhn Enter th cc i tng nhm li vi tn va nhp s c chn.
5.2 NHM I TNG (lnh Group)

Lnh Group dng nhm cc i tng n ring l thnh mt i tng.
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Screen Menu G lnh
ASSIST\ Group (GroupDlg) hoc TOOLS2 \Group Group, G
Sau khi gi lnh Group s xut hin hp thoi Object Grouping (Hnh 5. 5)
- Nhp tn Group mi vo Group Name : DO
- Nhp nt New < lc ny tm thi mt hp thoi v s xut hin dng nhc sau :
- Select Objects : Ti dng nhc ny ta chn cc i tng to thnh nhm (group)

- Select objects : (xut hin hp thoi Object Grouping tr li v tn DO xut hin ca

s Group Name)
- Nhp OK kt thc lnh .
Hnh 5.5 Hnh 5.6
5.3 LNH DDSELECT

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Tools \ Options ... ri chn tab Selection TOOLS 2 \ Select Ddselect
Sau khi gi lnh Ddselect s xut hin hp thoi Options (Hnh 5. 6).
CC NT CHN HAY DNG
1. KHUNG SELECTION MODES

Noun/Verb Selection Cho php chn i tng trc khi chn lnh (bin PICKFIRST=1).
Use Shift to Add to Selection Chn i tng mi th i tng chn b i, mun chn
tip i tng th phi nhn phm Shift; khng nn chn nt ny
(bin PICKADD=1)
Implied Windowing Chn i tng bng phng php s dng ca s Windows v
Crossing (bin PICKAUTO=1, nu khng chn th nhp bin ny
= 0)
Object Grouping Cho php nhm cc i tng ring l thnh mt nhm (bin
PICKSTYLE=1)
Associative Hatch lin kt mt ct v ng bao thnh mt i tng (bin
PICKSTYLE =2)
2. KHUNG PICKBOX SIZE

Thay i kch thc ca vung chn i tng v cng l vung con chy giao im ca
hai si tc. Thay i bng cch di chuyn con chy trn thanh trt qua phi hoc qua tri.
3. KHUNG GRIPS
Cha gi lnh m chn i tng th trn i tng xut hin cc vung mu xanh gi l cc
GRIPS. Xt cc nt chn sau:

Enable Grips iu khin s hin th ca cc GRIPS trn i tng khi cc i tng

c chn. Ta c th hiu chnh i tng bng GRIPS.
Enable Grips within Blocks iu khin s hin th ca cc GRIPS trn block khi n
c chn. Nu nt ny c chn th AutoCAD2000 s hin th cc
Grips trn tt c cc i tng to thnh Block Nu nt ny khng c
chn th AutoCAD2000 ch hin th mt Grips ti im chun chn ca
Block. Ta c th hiu chnh i tng bng GRIPS (s xt chng 8)
Unselected Grip Color Dng xc nh mu cho Grips khng c chn, theo mc nh
n l mu xanh. Ta cng c th chn mu khc bng cch chn t danh sch
ko xung ca hp danh sch mu
Selected Grip Color Dng nh li mu cho cc Grips c chn (hot grip) trn i
tng, theo mc nh l mu . Ta cng c th nh li mu khc t danh
sch ko xung ca hp danh sch mu.
Grip Size Thay i kch thc ca cc vung Grips; kch thc mc nh l 3
pixels. Ta cng c th thay i kch thc ca cc vung Grips bng cch
di chuyn con chy trn thanh trt qua phi hoc qua tri
5.4 LNH HELP
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Help HELP \ Help Help, ?, hoc F1 Standard
Lnh Help dng tra cu thng tin hng dn s dng AutoCAD. Khi thc hin lnh ny s
xut hin hp thoi Help Topics: AutoCAD Help (Hnh 5.7). xem hng dn s dng ta
nhp kp chut vo User's Guide s xut hin hp thoi (Hnh 5.8) bao gm cc chng hng
dn s dng AutoCAD 2000
Hnh 5.7 Hnh 5.8
======================

Chng 6 HIU CHNH I TNG

Hiu chnh i tng l sa i cc i tng v trn bn v ph hp vi yu cu. Cc
lnh hiu chnh nm trn thanh cng c Modify (Hnh 6.1) mc nh hin th trn mn hnh ca
AutoCAD2000; ngoi ra ta cng c th m n bng cch kch phi chut vo mt biu tng bt
k, s xut hin mt shortcut menu, chn Modify.
Copy Offset Move Scale Lengthen Extend Chamfer Explode
Erase Mirror Array Rotate Stretch Trim Break Fillet
Hnh 6.1
Cc lnh hiu chnh i tng c phn ra lm mt s loi nh sau:
A. CC LNH HIU CHNH XN I TNG
6.1 XO CC I TNG (lnh Erase)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Modify \ Erase hoc Edit \ Clear MODIFY1 \ Erase Erase hoc E Modify
Lnh Erase dng xo cc i tng c chn trn bn v hin hnh. Sau khi chn i tng
ta ch cn nhn phm Enter th lnh s thc hin xo.
Command: E
- Select objects: Chn cc i tng cn xo
- Select objects: Chn tip cc i tng cn xo hoc nhn Enter kt thc
6.2 XN MT PHN I TNG GIAO VI B XN (lnh TRIM)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Mdify\ Trim MODIFY2 \Trim Trim, Tr Modify
Lnh Trim dng xn mt phn ca i tng. on cn xn giao vi mt hoc hai ng gii
hn c gi l b xn (cutting edges).
oan cn xen
B xen (Cutting edges)

a) Trc khi Trim b) Sau khi Trim
Hnh 6.2

Command: Tr
- Current settings: Projection=UCS Edge=None
- Select cutting edges ...
- Select objects: Chn hai i tng lm b xn (chn on thng ng v cung trn)
- Select objects:
- Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn on gia cn xn ; (Hnh 6.2)
- Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Tip tc chn on cn xn hoc nhn Enter
kt thc lnh .
Ch
1. Nu ti dng nhc "Select objects" ta nhn phm Enter th tt c cc i tng trn bn v
hin hnh u l b xn (Cutting edges); dng nhc tip ca lnh Trim l:
- Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn on cn xn.
2. Nu ti dng nhc "Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: " ta chn a tuyn th s xn
mt phn ca a tuyn .
CC TU CHN KHC
Edge L tu chn ca lnh Trim cho php chuyn i phn c xn giao vi b xn
(mc nh) hay ko di ca b xn n giao i tng cn xn; (Hnh 6.3) .
Command: Tr
- Select objects: Chn on thng ng lm b xn (Cutting edge); (hnh 6.3)
- Select objects:
- Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: E (tu chn Edge)
- Enter an implied edge extension mode [Extend/No extend] <No extend>: E
- Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn on cn xn (hnh 6.3)
- Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]:
B xen
oan cn xen
(Cutting edge)

Hnh 6.3
Project Tu chn ny dng xn cc on ca m hnh khng gian (3D).

Undo Tu chn ny cho php phc hi li on va xn .
V d
S dng lnh Trim, hy xn cc on (hnh 6.4a) c (hnh 6.4b) .
Command: Tr
- Select objects: ; (Tt c cc i tng trn bn v hin hnh u l b xn)
- Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn cc cung trn nm ngoi hnh ch nht v
cc cnh ti gc hnh ch nht xn .

- Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]:

P1 P4
P2 P3

Hnh 6.4
6.3 XN NHANH I TNG GIAO VI B (lnh Extrim)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu G lnh Toolbar
Express \ Modify \ Cookie Cutter Trim Extrim
Lnh Extrim dng xn ng thi nhiu i tng c gii hn bi mt ng lm b xn .

Command: Extrim
- Pick a POLYLINE, LINE, CIRCLE, ARC, ELLIPSE, IMAGE or TEXT for cutting edge...
- Select objects: Chn i tng lm b xn (Hnh 6.5 - chn Line nt t); (Hnh 6.6 - Chn
hnh ch nht c v bng Polyline nt t).
- Specify the side to trim on: Chn im P1 lm pha so vi b xn ln pha ; (hnh 6.5)
P1
a) Trc khi Extrim b) Sau khi Extrim
Hnh 6.5
a) Trc khi Hnh 6.6 b) Sau khi

6.4 XN MT PHN I TNG NM GIA HAI M CHN (lnh Break)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Modify\ Break MODIFY 2 \ Break Break hoc Br Modify
Lnh Break dng xn mt phn i tng nm gia hai im chn. i vi cung trn hoc
ng trn, on cung c xn ngc chiu kim ng h bt u t im chn th nht .

CC TU CHN
a) im chn i tng cng l im u tin ca on xn.
Command: Br
- Select object: Chn i tng (P1) - im chn ny cng l im bt u xn.
- Specify second break point or [First point]: Nhp im xn th hai (P2) ; (hnh 6.7)
P1 P2
P1
P2
P2 A
P1
a) Trc khi Break b) Sau khi Break
Hnh 6.7
b) im chn i tng khng phi l im u tin xn
Command: Br
- Select object: Chn i tng xn ; (im A - hnh 6.7a)
- Specify second break point or [First point]: F ; (Tu chn nhp li im u)
- Specify first break point: Chn im u tin ca on xn (P1) .
- Specify second break point: Chn im th hai ca on xn (P2).
Ch
1) Trong lnh Break :
- im chn th hai c th khng nm trn i tng b xn .
- Dng tu chn [First point] th mt hoc c hai im chn c th khng nm trn i tng b
xn .
2) Nu hai im chn trng nhau th i tng c chia i (tr ng trn, elp), mun vy ti
dng nhc nhp im th hai ta nhp du @
6.5 V CUNG TRN NI TIP HAI I TNG (lnh Fillet)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:

Modify\ Fillet MODIFY 2 \ Fillet Fillet hoc F Modify
Lnh Fillet dng v cung trn ni tip (tip xc) hai i tng cho trc. Lnh Fillet c
thc hin bng hai bc nh sau :
1) Gi lnh Fillet ri p R nhp bn knh cung trn ni tip .
2) Gi li lnh Fillet tr li ri chn hai i tng cung trn ni tip (hay tip xc) .
Command: F
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 10.0000
- Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: R (Nhp R chn bn knh mi).
- Specify fillet radius <10.0000>: 30

Command: F (Gi li lnh chn hai i tng cn v cung ni tip)
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 30.0000 (Gi tr bn knh va mi nhp).
- Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: Chn i tng 1 gn v tr cung trn s tip
xc.
- Select second object: Chn i tng 2 gn v tr cung trn s tip xc; (Hnh 6.8)
Ch
- Ta c th dng lnh Fillet vi R= 0 ko di cc i tng n giao nhau.
- Ta c th Fillet hai ng thng song song m khng cn nhp bn knh bng cch chn ln
lt hai im gn hai im cui ca hai i tng cn Fillet (Hnh 6.8)
1
R30
2
1 2 80
50
R30
1'
2'
1 1'
2 2'
a) Trc khi Fillet b) Sau khi Fillet
Hnh 6.8
CC TU CHN
Polyline Nu ch cn Fillet hai phn on thng giao nhau ca mt a tuyn th sau khi
nhp bn knh R,ta chn hai phn on k tip nhau -im P1, P2; (Hnh 6.9a trn).
Nu mun Fillet ton b cc nh ca mt a tuyn ta thc hin nh sau :
Command: F
- Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 10.0000
- Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: P
- Select 2D polyline: Chn mt im A tu trn Polyline (Hnh 6.9a di); lc
ny s Fillet tt c cc phn on thng giao nhau ca mt Polyline
Ch
Ti cc nh ca Polyline l giao im ca hai phn on thng mi Fillet c.
P1
P2
a) Trc khi Fillet b) Sau khi Fillet

Hnh 6.9

Trim / Notrim Thc hin lnh Fillet ang ch Trim (mc nh) th cc i tng c
chn Fillet s xn cc on tha bt u t cc im tip xc. Nu ta chn ch
Notrim th cc i tng c chn Fillet s khng xn i cc on tha bt
u t cc im tip xc (hnh 6.10) .
Command: F
- Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 10.0000
- Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: T
- Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim] <Trim>: N (Nhp N nu chn
Notrim; Nhp T nu chn Trim)
- Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: Chn i tng th nht (P1) cn
Fillet
- Select second object: Chn i tng th hai (P2) cn Fillet
P1
P2
a) Trc khi Fillet b) Sau khi Fillet khng Trim phn tha
Hnh 6.10
6.6 VT MP HAI CNH THNG GIAO NHAU (lnh Chamfer)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Modify\ Chamfer MODIFY 2 \ Chamfer Chamfer hoc CHA Modify
Lnh Chamfer dng vt gc hai phn on thng giao nhau hoc ko di giao nhau. Thc hin
lnh ny gm hai bc nh sau:
1) Gi lnh Chamfer ri chn Distance nhp hai khong cch vt.
2) Gi li lnh Chamfer chn hai cnh cn vt
Command: Cha
(NOTRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 10.0000, Dist2 = 10.0000
Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: (1)
CC TU CHN
Distance Dng tu chn ny nhp hai khong cch vt Dist1 v Dist2. Sau gi li
lnh chn hai cnh cn Chamfer. (Hnh 6.11)
Command: Cha
- Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: D
- Specify first chamfer distance <10 >: 30 (Nhp khong cch vt th nht) .
- Specify second chamfer distance <10 >: 20 (Nhp khong cch vt th hai)
Command: Cha (Gi li lnh Chamfer)
(NOTRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1= 30; Dist2 = 20 (Hai kcch vt va nhp) .
- Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: Chn cnh vt th
nht (1).
- Select second line: Chn cnh vt th hai (2)
khoang cach vat 1 30
1
20
2
khoang cach vat 2

a) Trc khi Chamfer b) Sau khi Chamfer
Hnh 6.11
Angle Tu chn ny cho php ta nhp gi tr khong cch vt th nht v gc nghing

ca mp vt so vi cnh th nht (hnh 6.12). Ti dng nhc (1) ta nhp A.
Command: Cha
- Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: A
- Specify chamfer length on the first line <20.0000>: 25 ; (Nhp khong cch
vt th nht)
- Specify chamfer angle from the first line <0>: 60 ; (Nhp gc nghing ca
mp vt so vi cnh vt th nht) .
Angle
P2
P1 Khoang cach vat 1

a) Trc khi chamfer b) Sau khi chamfer
Hnh 6.12
Command: Cha ; (Gi li lnh chn hai cnh cn vt)

(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Length = 25.0000, Angle = 60
- Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]:Chn cnh th nht
(P1)
- Select second line: Chn cnh th nht (P2); (hnh 6.12)
Trim / Notrim Cc chc nng tng t nh trnh by lnh Fillet
Polyline Mun vt gc hai cnh thng giao nhau ca mt Polyline th sau khi nhp gi tr
hai khong cch vt, ta ch cn chn hai cnh k tip.
Mun vt gc cho tt c cc cnh thng giao nhau ca mt Polyline (Hnh 6.13)
th ta s dng tu chn Polyline
Command: Cha
(NOTRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1= 20 ; Dist2 = 20 (Gi s chp nhn hai
gi tr khong cch vt ny) .
- Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: P
- Select 2D Polyline: Chn i tng Polyline cn vt gc (im chn P1).
im chon Polyline
a) Trc khi chamfer b)P1Sau khi chamfer

Hnh 6.13

Ch
ko di hai phn n thng n giao nhau, ta c th s dng lnh Chamfer vi hai khong cch vt
1v khong cch vt 2 bng 0.
B. CC LNH HIU CHNH THAY I V TR V KCH THC I TNG

6.7 DI I TNG (lnh Move)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Modify\ Move MODIFY 2\ Move Move hoc M Modify
Lnh Move dng thc hin php di i tng t v tr hin ti n mt v tr bt k trn bn

v. Khi di th i tng gc khng cn na.
Command: M
- Select objects: Chn cc i tng cn di .
- Select objects: Tip tc chn cc i tng hoc Enter kt thc vic chn .
- Specify base point or displacement: Chn im chun hoc nhp khong di.
- Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: Nhp to im
th hai ca khong di nu trc chn im chun.
V d
Hy di ng trn theo phng ngang mt khong 100 (Hnh 6.14)
Command: M
- Select objects: Chn ng trn cn di i.
- Select objects: Nhn phm Enter.
- Specify base point or displacement: CEN of (Truy bt tm O ca ng trn lm im
chun)
- Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: @100,0
(nhp im th hai cn di n so vi im chun)
O
80
100
100
Hnh 6.14 Hnh 6.15
Ch
Ti dng nhc "Specify base point or displacement:" Ta c th nhp khong di theo phng X v Y, khi
ti dng nhc tip theo "Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>:" ta
phi nhn phm Enter.
V d
Hy di hnh ch nht theo phng X khong100 v theo phng Y khong 80 ; (Hnh 6.15)
Command: M
- Select objects: Chn hnh ch nht cn di i.
- Select objects: Nhn phm Enter

- Specify base point or displacement: 100,80
- Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>:
6.8 QUAY I TNG QUANH MT TM (lnh Rotate)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:

Modify\ Rotate MODIFY 2 \ Rotate Rotate hoc Ro Modify
Lnh Rotate dng quay cc i tng chung quanh mt im chun (Base point) ng yn
lm tm quay, vi mt gc quay (rotation angle) tng ng .
Command: Ro
- Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0
- Select objects: Chn hnh ch nht cn quay.
- Select objects: Nhn Enter
- Specify base point: Chn im chun (P) lm tm quay ng yn.
- Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: 45 ; (Nhp gc quay) (hnh 6.16)
im chon i tng
im chun 450
P
a) Trc khi quay b) Sau khi quay gc 450
Hnh 6.16
6.9 THU PHNG I TNG (lnh Scale)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:

Modify\ Scale MODIFY 2\ Scale Scale hoc SC Modify
Lnh Scale dng phng to hay thu nh kch thc hnh v ca cc i tng trn bn v hin
hnh theo mt t l nht nh. Sau khi thc hin lnh Scale, khng nhng hnh v thay i ln
m con s kch thc ghi trn i tng cng thay i theo (Hnh 6.17) .
Command: SC
- Select objects: Chn i tng cn thay i t l (chn hnh ch nht -hnh 6.17 a, b)
- Select objects: Nhn Enter kt thc vic chn .
- Specify base point: Chn im chun P lm im chun ng yn khi thay i t l .
- Specify scale factor or [ Reference]: Nhp h s t l.
Ch
Hnh nt t trc khi Scale, hnh nt lin sau khi Scale (hnh 6.17a,b,c) .

im chon i tng
P - im chun P - im chun
a) h s t l = 2 b) h s t l = 0.5
Hnh 6.17
6.10 THAY I CHIU DI I TNG (lnh Lengthen)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:

Modify\ Lengthen MODIFY 2\ Lengthen Lengthen hoc Len Modify
Lnh Lengthen dng thay i chiu di ca on thng, hay gc tm ca cung trn hay elip
Command: Len
Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: Chn i tng hoc nhp tu chn (*)
CC TU CHN
Select an object Hin th chiu di ca i tng hoc gc m ca cung trn
DElta Thay i chiu di ca i tng hoc gc m ca cung bng cch nhp khong
tng. Nu nhp gi tr dng th tng kch thc, nhp gi tr m th gim kch
thc.
Command: Len
- Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: DE
- Enter delta length or [Angle] <0.0000>:30; (Nhp khong tng (hnh 6.18a)
(**)
- Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc.
- Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn tip i tng hoc nhn Enter
kt thc.
Tu chn Angle (**) nhp khong tng tng ng vi gc thay i tm
ca cung.
Command: Len
- Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: DE
- Enter delta length or [Angle] <0.0000>: A
- Enter delta angle < >: 30 (Nhp gc tng tm) ; (Hnh 6.18b)
- Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc
Khoang tng
Khoang tng
0
30
30
a) b)
Hnh 6.18 - Delta Hnh 6.19 - Total
Percent Tu chn ny cho php thay i chiu di i tng theo phn trm so vi tng
chiu di hin hnh (100%). Khi nhp vo chiu di > 100% th chiu di i

tng tng ln cn ngc li (<100%) th gim xung. V d: Nhp 120 th chiu

di i tng tng thm 20%
Command: Len
- Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: P
- Enter percentage length <100.0000>: 120 ; (Nhp gi tr vo)
- Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn i tng thay i kch thc
Total Tu chn ny cho php thay i tng chiu di ca mt i tng hoc tng gc
m cung trn theo gi tr mi nhp vo. V d nhp 80 th tng chiu di ca i
tng s l 80 n v ; (hnh 6.19)
Command: Len
- Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: T
- Specify total length or [Angle] <1.0000)>: 80; (nhp tng chiu di )
- Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn i tng thay i kch thc
- Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn tip i tng thay i kch
thc hoc Enter
DYnamic Dng thay i ng chiu di ca i tng theo v tr ca con chy trn mn

hnh. Con chy di chuyn th chiu di ca i tng thay i tng ng vi v tr
ca con chy trn mn hnh (c th tng hoc gim kch thc)
6.11 KO DI I TNG (lnh Extend)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Modify\ Extend MODIFY 2\ Extend Extend hoc Ex Modify
Lnh Extend dng ko di mt hoc nhiu i tng (ng thng, cung trn) n chm i
tng khc lm ng ng bin (Boundary edges) (Hnh 6.20)
i tng cn keo dai

n cham ng bao ng bao
a) Trc khi Extend b) Sau khi Extend

Hnh 6. 20
Command: Ex
Current settings: Projection=UCS Edge=None
Select boundary edges ...
- Select objects: Chn ng thng v cung trn lam ng bin (boundary edges) (Hnh 6.20)
- Select object to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn i tng cn ko di
- Select object to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Tip tc chn i tng cn ko di hoc
nhn Enter kt thc lnh.

Ch
Sau khi gi lnh Extend, nu ti dng nhc u tin ta nhn Enter (Select objects: ) th tt c cc i
tng trong bn v hin hnh l ng bin (boundary edges), dng nhc tip s l:
- Select object to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn i tng ko di
CC TU CHN
Edge Cho php ko di mt on thng khng giao vi ng bao ; (Hnh 6.21)
ng bao
ng thng cn keo dai

a) Trc khi Extend b) Sau khi Extend
Hnh 6.21
Project Tng t Project ca lnh Trim .
Undo Hu b thao tc va thc hin .
6.12 CO GIN CC I TNG (lnh Stretch)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Modify\ Stretch MODIFY 2 \ Stretch Stretch hoc S Modify
Lnh Stretch dng di (move), co (Shrink) hoc ko gin (Stretch) cc i tng. Khi co hoc
ko gin vn duy tr s dnh ni cc i tng, cc i tng l on thng hoc cung trn c th
ko gin hoc co li, lc bn knh cung trn c th tng ln hoc gim xung; ng trn
khng th co hoc ko gin .
Trong lnh Stretch khi chn i tng ta dng ca s Crossing Window hoc Crossing Polygon,
nhng i tng no nm trong ca s s c di i, nhng i tng no giao vi khung ca
s s c ko gin hoc co li. Ring ng trn nu tm nm trong khung ca s chn th s
di i .
Command: S
Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon...
- Select objects: Chn cc i tng bi phng thc crossing (hnh ch nht nt t).
- Select objects:
- Specify base point or displacement: Chn im chun (hoc nhp khong di)
- Specify second point of displacement: Nhp to tng i ca im di n (hoc enter)
1) Cc on thng giao vi khung ca s c ko gin, cung trn v on thng nm trong
khung ca s c di i, tm ng trn nm ngoi khung ca s nn ng yn; (Hnh 6.22) .
P1
P2
a) Trc khi Stretch b) Sau khi Stretch vi khong di 20,0

Hnh 6.22

2) Cung trn giao vi khung ca s c ko gin thnh R46, on thng giao vi khung ca s
co li, tm ng trn nm ngoi khung ca s nn ng yn ; (Hnh 6.23)
P1
P2
Hnh 6.23
3) Cc on thng giao vi khung ca s c ko gin, cung trn v cc on thng nm trong

khung ca s c di i, tm ng trn nm trong khung ca s nn ng trn c di i
.(Hinh 7.24)
P1
P2

Hnh 6.24
6.13 DI, QUAY V THU PHNG I TNG (lnh Align)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Modify\ 3D Operation >Align MODIFY 2 \ Align Align hoc Al Modiffy
Lnh Align dng di (Move), quay (Rotate) v thu phng (Scale) i tng. Thng s dng
lnh Align lp kht i tng ngun (source) vo l ch (destination) theo t l.
P1 P1 P1
P3 P3
P2 P2 P4 P2 P4
a) Mt cp im b) Hai cp im; scale - NO c) Hai cp im scale; -YES

Hnh 6.25
1) Khi chn mt cp im ta thc hin php di.

Command: Al

- Select objects: Chn cc i tng cn Align (chn c ca i) .

- Select objects:
- Specify first source point: Chn im ngun th nht P1 trn i tng ca chn .
- Specify first destination point: Chn im di n th nht P2 trn i tng ch .
- Specify second source point: ; (Hnh 6.25a)
2) Khi chn hai cp im v khng s dng Scale thc hin php di v quay hnh;
Command: Al
- Select objects: Chn cc i tng cn Align (chn c ca i) .
- Select objects:
- Specify first source point: Chn im ngun th nht P1 trn i tng ca chn .
- Specify first destination point: Chn im di n th nht P2 trn i tng ch .
- Specify second sourse point: Chn im ngun th hai P3 trn i tng ca chn
- Specify second destination point: Chn im di n th hai P4 trn i tng ch .
- Specify third source point or <continue>:
- Scale objects based on alignment points? [Yes/No] <N>: N ; (Hnh 6.25b).
3) Khi chn hai cp im s dng Scale ta thc hin php di v quay hnh v thay i t l;
Nu trn dng nhc cui cng trng hp 2), ta nhp Y th kt qu nh (Hnh 6.25c).
6.14 PHN R I TNG (lnh Explode)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Modify\ Explode MODIFY 2 \ Explode Explode , X Modify
Lnh Explode dng phn r i tng phc thnh cc i tng n.

- Cc i tng phc nh: Polygon, polyline, rectangle, ellipse, donut, Mline, dimension,
hatch, vn bn Mtext, block, min region, khi rn 3d solid, ...
- Cc i tng n 2D nh: line, arc, circle, ray, Xline, dtext, ....
Command: X
- Select objects: Chn cc i tng phc cn phn r
- Select objects:
==================

Chng 7 CC LNH HIU CHNH

SAO CHP I TNG
Cc lnh hiu chnh sao chp i tng dng to nhanh cc i tng mi t cc i tng c
sn, lm cho nng sut v c nhanh chng. Trong chng ny s trnh by cc lnh sau:
7.1 SAO CHP I TNG SONG SONG (lnh OFFSET)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Modify\ Offset MODIFY 1\ Offset Offset hoc O Modify
Lnh Offset dng sao chp cc i tng n v tr mi song song v theo hng vung gc
vi cc i tng c c chn.
Tu theo i tng c chn ta c cc trng hp sau:

- Nu i tng c chn l on thng th s to ra on thng mi song song v cng chiu
di vi on thng c chn (Hnh 7.1a).
- Nu i tng c chn l cung trn th s to ra cung trn mi ng tm v gc tm bng
nhau (Hnh 7.1b).
- Nu i tng c chn l ng trn th s to ra ng trn ng tm (Hnh 7.1c).
- Nu i tng c chn l Pline, Spline ...th s to ra i tng mi song song ng dng
vi i tng c chn (Hnh 7.1d ,e).
i tng mi tao
a) Pha sao chep b) Pha sao chep c) Pha sao chep

i tng c chon
e) Pha sao chep

d) Pha sao chep
Hnh 7.1
Command: O
- Specify offset distance or [Through] <1>: Nhp khong cch hay chn Through (*)
a) Nu ti (*) ta nhp khong cch th s xut hin dng nhc sau:

Command: O
- Specify offset distance or [Through] <1.0000>: 20 (Nhp khong cch offset)
- Select object to offset or <exit>: Chn i tng sao chp (ng nt t).
- Specify point on side to offset: Chn pha sao chp (Chn mt im x bt k)
- Select object to offset or <exit>: Chn tip i tng hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic chn.
b) Nu ti (*) dng la chn Through th ta nhp T nh sau:

- Specify offset distance or [Through] <20.0000>: T
- Select object to offset or <exit>: Chn i tng sao chp (ng nt t).
- Specify through point: Truy bt im m i tng mi sao chp ra s i qua hoc ko di s

i qua [(Hnh 7.2a,b) truy bt tm ca ng trn] .
- Select object to offset or <exit>:
Through point
Through point
a) b)
Hnh 7.2
7.2 SAO CHP I TNG THEO PHNG BT K (lnh COPY)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu Screen Menu G lnh Tooolbar
Modify \ Copy MODIFY 1 \ Copy Copy hoc Co Modify
Lnh Copy dng sao chp cc i tng n v tr mi theo phng bt k ; (Hnh 7.3)
a) SAO CHP I TNG RA MT V TR

Command: Co
- Select objects: Chn cc i tng cn sao chp . (hnh7.3a)
- Select objects:
- Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: Xc nh im chun P1
- Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: @100,0 - P2
(Nhp ta im th hai s sao chp n).
P1 - m chun P2 (100,0)
a) Trc khi Copy b) Sau khi Copy
Hnh 7.3
b) SAO CHP I TNG RA MT V TR (Multiple)

Tu chn ny dng sao chp i tng ra nhiu v tr khc nhau trn bn v (Hnh 7.4)
@60<45
@60<180 @60<0
im chun
Hnh 7.4 Copy -Multiple

Command: Co
- Select objects: Chn cc i tng cn sao chp .
- Select objects:
- Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: M
- Specify base point: Chn im chun (chn tm ca ng trn ln R60).
- Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: Nhp to th
hai ca im cn sao chp n (@60<0).
- Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: Tip tc nhp to
im cn copy n hoc nhn Enter kt thc lnh (@60<45) (Hnh 7.4).
7.3 SAO CHP I TNG I XNG QUA TRC (lnh Mirror)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Modify\ Mirror MODIFY 1\ Mirror Mirror hoc Mi Modify
Lnh Mirror dng sao chp i tng ra v tr mi, i xng vi i tng c qua mt trc
m ta phi xc nh (hnh 7.5 )
Command: Mi
- Select objects: Chn i tng cn ly i xng (hnh nt t).
- Select objects:
- Specify first point of mirror line: Chn im th nht ca trc i xng (P1) .
- Specify second point of mirror line: Chn im th hai ca trc i xng (P2).
- Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: p N (hoc nhn enter) s khng xo i tng
ngun; p Y s xo i tng ngun.
P1 (Truc i xng)
P2 Cac i tng c chon

a) Trc khi Mirror b) Sau khi Mirror
Hnh 7.5
7.4 SAO CHP I TNG THNH MNG (lnh Array)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:

Modify\ Array MODIFY 1\ Array Array hoc AR Modify
Lnh Array dng sao chp cc i tng thnh mng hnh ch nht (Rectangle array) hay
mng cc (Polar array), cc i tng sp xp thnh mng cch u nhau.
1) MNG HNH CH NHT (Rectangular array)

Sau khi chn i tng, nhp kiu mng R, nhp s hng (Rows), nhp s ct (Columns), nhp
khong cch hng, nhp khong cch ct.

Command: Ar
- Select objects: Chn i tng cn sao chp thnh mng.
- Select objects:
- Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>: R (nhp kiu mng HCN)
- Enter the number of rows (---) <1>: 3 (Nhp s hng cn sao chp) ; (hnh 7.6).
- Enter the number of columns (|||) <1>: 2 (Nhp s ct cn sao chp) .
- Enter the distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): Nhp gi tr khong cch gia cc
hng (Nu nhp gi tr dng th i tng c sao chp ln pha trn so vi i tng
chn (Hnh 7.6a); nu nhp gi tr m th i tng c chp xung di so vi i tng
chn (Hnh 7.6b).
- Specify the distance between columns (|||): Nhp gi tr khong cch gia cc ct. Nu nhp
gi tr dng th i tng c chp sang phi so vi i tng chn. Nu nhp gi tr m
th i tng c chp sang tri so vi i tng chn.
Khoang cach gia cac hang

i tng chon
Khoang cach gia cac ct

i tng chn.
a) b)
Hnh 7.6
Ngoi ra ta c th dng n v (Unit cell) nhp khong cch gia cc hng v cc ct.
n v l hnh ch nht, m khong cch theo trc honh ca ny th hin khong cch gia
cc ct; khong cch theo trc tung ca ny th hin khong cch gia cc hng .
2) MNG CC (Polar Array)

La chn ny dng sao chp thnh mng cc, cc i tng c sp xp chung quanh mt
tm gi l cc ca mng. (Chn i tng, nhp kiu mng P, nhp to tm mng, nhp s
i tng to thnh mng, nhp gc to thnh mng, nhp Y )
i tng chon
Tm cua mang i tng chon
Hnh 7.7 Angle =360 Hnh 7.8 Angle = -180
Command: Ar
- Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>: P
- Specify center point of array: Xc nh tm ca mng.
- Enter the number of items in the array: 6. Nhp s lng i tng cn sao chp
- Specify the angle to fill (+ = ccw, - = cw) <360>: ; Nhp gc to thnh mng
- Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] <Y>: (quay i tng hng v cc) (Hnh 7.7)
Ch
1. Nu ti dng nhc "Enter the number of items in the array: ; th ta c th nhp gc gia cc i
tng s sao chp ra .
Command: Ar
- Select objects:
- Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>: P
- Specify center point of array: Xc nh tm mng l tm ca ng trn (hnh 7.8)
- Enter the number of items in the array:
- Specify the angle to fill (+ = ccw, - = cw) <360>: -180 ; (Nhp gc to thnh mng)
- Angle between items: 30 (Nhp gc gia cc bn sao chp).
- Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] <Y>: (hnh 7.8)
2. to cc i tng thnh mng khng nm song song vi trc X v Y chun (nh v cu thang) th
ta phi di v quay h trc to OXYquanh trc Z mt gc thch hp.
V d
V cu thang (Hnh 7.9b). Kch thc mi bc c cho (hnh 7.9a) .
Trnh t v c thc hin nh sau:
1) V hnh dng bc thang cho nh (hnh 7.9a):

- V cc on thng P1P2, P2P3, P3P1, P4P5, vi P4 l trung im ca on P2P3.
- Dng lnh Copy sao chp on P1P3 n v tr P5, ri sau Copy (Multiple) sao chp
on qua P5 n cc v tr mi c kch thc nh hnh v.
P5
P4
P2
P3
P1
a) b)
Hnh 7.9
2) Quay h trc to quanh trc Z.

Quay h trc to quanh trc Z sao cho phng ca trc X song song vi on thng P1P3 .
Command: UCS
- Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World]<World>: N
- Specify origin of new UCS or [ZAxis/3point/OBject/Face/View/X/Y/Z] <0,0,0>: Z
- Specify rotation angle about Z axis <90>: Truy bt im P1 .

- Specify second point: Truy bt im P3 ; (hai im P1, P3 xc nh gc quay quanh trc Z)
3) Dng lnh Array to mng hnh ch nht cho cu thang nh sau:

Command: Ar
- Select objects: Chn c bc thang (Hnh 7.9a).
- Select objects:
- Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>: R
- Enter the number of rows (---) <1>: 1
- Enter the number of columns (|||) <1>: 11
- Specify the distance between columns (|||): Truy bt im P1
- Specify Second point: Bt im P3 ; (nhp khong cch ct bng cch chn hai im P1, P3)
4) Di h to v v tr ban u
Command: UCS
- Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World]<World>:
====================================

Chong 8 HIU CHNH I TNG BNG GRIPS

Ti dng nhc lnh Command: ta a vung ca hai si tc n chn i tng trn mn hnh
th cc i tng chuyn sang nt t v trn i tng s xut hin cc vung nh mu xanh
cc v tr im gia, im cui, tm, gc phn t,... ca tng i tng . Cc vung ny gi
l cc Grips; nu chn dng vn bn th s hin th mt Grip v tr canh l ca vn bn
(hnh 8.1)
Trong chng ny s trnh by cc ch hiu chnh i tng bng Grips nh: Move, Mirror,
Rotate, Scale, Stretch, Copy... t Shortcut menu
thot khi cc ch Grips ta nhn Esc hai ln hoc nhp nt phi chut ri chn Exit t
Shortcut menu
Line Arc Circle Rectangle
AutoCAD2000
Spline Elp Kch thc Vn ban

Hnh 8.1
8.1 CC BIN IU KHIN GRIPS (lnh Grips)

Bin iu khin Grips gm c hai gi tr 1 (mc nh) v 0. Khi bin ny bng 1 th ta ang m
ch Grips v c th hiu chnh i tng bng Grips; khi bin ny bng 0 th ta tt ch
Grips v khng th hiu chnh i tng bng Grips
Command: Grips
- Enter new value for GRIPS <1>: Nhp ga tr mi cho bin iu khin (0 hoc 1)
Hnh 8.2
Ngoi ra ta cng c th nh bin Grips bng hp thoi Options (hnh 8.2).
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
1) T danh mc Tools, chn Options ... s xut hin hp thoi Options
2) Trn hp thoi Options, chn Tab Selection (hnh 8.2).
3) Trong khung Grips, chn Enable grips (tng ng nhp bin Grips bng 1)
4) Chn OK
Trong hp thoi Options ny ta cng c th nh li mu cho Hot Grips (Selected grip) v Grips
khng chn (Unselected grip) cng nh ln ca cc Grips (grip size)
8.2 CC CH HIU CHNH BNG GRIPS

- hiu chnh bng Grips ta chn mt trong cc grip lm im chun (basse point), im
Grip c chn ny gi l Grip chun (base grip) v mu ca n s chuyn thnh mu
(Hot Grip); sau nhp nt phi chut s xut hin shortcut menu (hnh 8.3) m y ta c
th chn mt trong cc ch hiu chnh bng Grips nh: Move, Mirror, Rotate, Scale,
Stretch
- Ta c th quay vng chn cc ch hiu chnh ny bng
cch nhn phm SPACEBAR hoc ENTER hay chn t
shortcut menu
Chng hn, xut hin ch hiu chnh Scale ta nhp Sc
hay nhn Enter cho n khi xut hin Scale
- Ta c th chn nhiu Grips lm cc Grips chun (Hot Grip)
v vn gi nguyn hnh dng ca i tng gia cc Grips
chn, bng cch nhn ng thi phm Shift v chn cc Hnh 8.3
Grips
- loi b mt i tng t mt b chn hin th cc grips, bng cch nhn ng thi

phm Shift v chn i tng . loi b tt c cc i tng chn ta nhn mt ln
phm Esc. Cc i tng loi b ra khi b th chuyn thnh nt lin tc, nhng cc
Grips vn cn v vn c tc dng hiu chnh ring cho n. Cc i tng loi b ra khi
b Grips nn khng b nh hng khi hiu chnh c b
Sau y s gii thiu cc ch hiu chnh bng Grips
8.2.1 CH STRETCH - KO GIN I TNG

Ch Stretch dng ko gin, co v di cc grips chn n v tr mi, tng t nh lnh
Stretch
1) i vi Line
- Nu Hot grips l im cui th ta c th ko gin hoc co i tng bng cch di chuyn
im Hot grips n v tr mi, im cui cn li ng yn
- Nu Hot grips l im gia th s di i tng n v tr mi
2) i vi Arc
- Nu Hot grips l im cui th s di im cui n v tr mi, im cui cn li v im
gia ng yn
- Nu Hot grips l im gia th s di im gia n v tr mi, hai im cui ng yn
nhng i tng thay i n v tr mi
3) i vi Circle
- Nu Hot grips l im gc phn t ng trn th ta c th thay i c bn knh ca ng
trn, tm ng yn
- Nu Hot grips l im tm th s di ng trn n v tr mi

Trnh t Stretch mt i tng bng cch s dng grips nh sau:

1. Chn i tng hin th cc Grips
2. Xc nh im chun bng cch chn mt Grip chuyn sang Hot grips
3. Xc nh v tr mi m ta mun Stretch i tng n
Command: Chn i tng cn Stretch, sau chn Hot grips

- ** STRETCH **
- Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Xc nh im ko gin n (*)
CC TU CHN
Base point Tu chn ny dng chn li im chun thay cho im chun mc nh Hot
grip. Khi nhp B ti (*) s xut hin dng nhc:
- Specify base point: Chn im chun mi
Copy Tu chn Copy con ny nm trong cc ch hiu chnh Stretch, Move,
Mirror, Rotate, Scale dng sao chp i tng cn hiu chnh bng Grips ra
nhiu v tr khc nhau trn bn v m i tng c vn gi nguyn
Undo Hu b thao tc va thc hin
eXit Thot khi ch hiu chnh bng Grips
Ch
Ta c th chn hn mt Hot Grip Stretch.
V d sau y chn hai Hot Grips ca hai on thng biu din ni ng ng
a) Chn i tng bng b) Hai Hot Grips c chn c) Kt qu

ca s 1,2 v r im 3 n in 4
Hnh 8.4 STRETCH
Trnh t ko gin hn mt Grip nh sau:

1. Chn c hai ng thng hin th cc Grips (dng ca s nh 1 v 2). (hnh 8.4a)
2. Gi phm Shift v chn hai Grips cui chng tr thnh Hot Grips (hnh 8.4b)
3. Th phm Shift v chn li mt trong hai Hot Grips lm im chun (3). (hnh 8.4b)
4. Ko r im Hot Grip 3 n v tr mi (im 4)
8.2.2 CH MOVE - DI I TNG

Ch Move dng di i tng n v tr mi, tng t nh lnh move
Trnh t di i tng bng cch s dng grips nh sau:

3. Nhp Mo hoc nhp nt phi chut xut hin short cut ri chn ch Move
4. Ko di i tng n v tr mi
Command: Chn i tng cn Move, sau chn Hot grips (hnh 8.5a,b)
- ** STRETCH **
- Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Mo (hoc nhn Enter)

- ** MOVE **
- Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Chn v tr cn di n
a) b)
Hnh 8.5 MOVE
Ch
gi nguyn i tng u cn di, ta phi s dng thm tu chn Copy con ca ch hiu chnh
Move di ra nhiu hnh ly im Hot Grip lm im chun hoc chn im chun mi (hnh 8.6)
Hot Grip
a) Trc khi Move b) Sau khi Move

Hnh 8.6 Move (Multiple)
Command: Chn i tng cn Move, sau chn Hot grips (hnh 8.6 a,b)
- ** STRETCH **
- Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Mo
- ** MOVE **
- Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: C
- ** MOVE (multiple) **
- Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: 35 (ko ln nhp trc tip)
- Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: 70 (ko ln nhp trc tip)
- Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: 100 (ko ngang nhp trc tip)
- Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: @100,35
- Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: @100,70
- Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]:
8.2.3 CH ROTATE - QUAY I TNG

Ch Rotate dng quay i tng n v tr mi, tng t nh lnh Rotate
Trnh t quay i tng bng cch s dng grips nh sau:


3. Nhp Ro hoc nhp nt phi chut xut hin short cut ri chn ch Rotate.
4. Nhp gc quay quay i tng n v tr mi (gc dng th i tng quay ngc chiu
kim ng h, gc m th quay cng chiu kim ng h)
a) Trc khi quay b) a gic quay gc 600 c) Kt qu sau quay
Hnh 8.7 ROTATE
Command: Chn i tng cn Move, sau chn Hot grips (hnh 876a,b, c)
- ** STRETCH **
- Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Ro (hoc nhn Enter hai ln)
- ** ROTATE **
- Specify rotation angle or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]: Nhp gc quay 60
Ch
gi nguyn i tng u cn quay, ta phi s dng thm tu chn Copy con ca ch hiu chnh
Rotate quay ra nhiu hnh ly im Hot Grip lm im chun hoc chn im chun mi (hnh 8.8)
Hot Grip
a) Trc khi quay b) Sau khi quay

Hnh 8.8 Rotate (Multiple)
Command: Chn i tng cn Rotate, sau chn Hot grips (hnh 8.8a,b)
- ** STRETCH **
- Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Ro
- ** ROTATE **
- Specify rotation angle or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]: C
- ** ROTATE (multiple) **
- Specify rotation angle or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]: 60

- Specify rotation angle or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]:
8.2.4 CH SCALE - THU PHNG I TNG

Ch Scale dng thu phng i tng, tng t nh lnh Scale
Trnh t thay i t l i tng bng cch s dng grips nh sau:

3. Nhp Sc hoc nhp nt phi chut xut hin short cut ri chn ch Scale
4. Nhp h s t l (scale factor)
Command: Chn i tng cn Scale, sau chn Hot grips (hnh 8.9a,b)
- ** STRETCH **
- Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Sc (hoc nhn Enter ba ln)
- ** SCALE **
- Specify scale factor or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]: Nhp h s t l 0.5
a) Trc khi Scale b) Kt qu sau khi Scale= 0.5
Hnh 8.9 SCALE
8.2.5 CH MIRROR - LY I XNG I TNG QUA TRC

Ch Mirror dng thc hin php i xng i tng qua mt trc, tng t nh lnh
Mirror
Trnh t php i xng i tng qua mt trc bng cch s dng grips nh sau:
2. Xc nh im chun bng cch chn mt Grip chuyn sang Hot grips, im ny cng l
im u tin ca trc i xng
3. Nhp Mi hoc nhp nt phi chut xut hin short cut ri chn ch Mirror
4. Chn im th hai ca trc i xng
Command: Chn i tng cn Mirror, sau chn Hot grips (P1); (hnh 8.10a)
- ** STRETCH **
- Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Mi (hoc nhn Enter bn ln)
- ** MIRROR **
- Specify second point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Xc nh im P2 cng vi P1 to
thnh trc i xngP1P2 (hnh 8.8a)

a) Trc khi Mirror b) Kt qu sau khi Mirror
Hnh 8.10 MIRROR

Ch
gi nguyn i tng u ta phi s dng thm tu chn Copy con ca ch hiu chnh Mirror
copy ra nhiu hnh i xng vi i tng c m trc i xng i qua im Hot Grip (hnh 8.11)
Command: Chn i tng cn Mirror, sau chn Hot grips (P1); (hnh 8.11a)
- ** STRETCH **
- Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Mi (hoc nhn Enter bn ln)
- ** MIRROR **
- Specify second point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: C (tu chn copy)
- ** MIRROR (multiple) **
- Specify second point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Chn im P2 ca trc i xng
- ** MIRROR (multiple) **
- Specify second point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]:
a) Trc khi Mirror b) Kt qu sau khi Mirror
Hnh 8.11 Mirror (Multiple)
========================

Chng 9 IU KHIN MN HNH

Khi thc hin bn v ta phi to gii hn bn v, tu theo tng i tng ln, hay nh m ta to
cc bn v c gii hn khc nhau cha chng, nn s hin th v hnh nh ca chng trn mn
hnh s khc nhau. Do d quan st bn v trn mn hnh i khi ta cn phi phng to, thu
nh hoc di chuyn mn hnh n v tr cn thit. Sau y s trnh by cc lnh iu khin mn
hnh.
9.1 THU PHNG MN HNH (lnh Zoom)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
View \ Zoom >... VIEW 1 \ Zoom Zoom , Z
Lnh Zoom dnh phng to hay thu nh mn hnh, lc ny hnh nh cc i tng trn khung
nhn hin hnh nhn thy cng ln ln hoc nh li. Lnh ny khng lm thay i kch thc cc
i tng m ch thay i s hin th cc i tng trn mn hnh. Gi lnh t Pull - down menu
(hnh 9.1).
Hnh 9.1 Hnh 9.2

Command: Z
- Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>: (1)
CC TU CHN
1) Dng ca s hnh ch nht (corner of window) phng mn hnh.
Command: Z
- Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>:
- Specify opposite corner: Chn gc th nht ca ca s
- Specify opposite corner: Chn gc th hai ca ca s bao i tng cn phng mn hnh.
y l la chn mc nh ca lnh Zoom, ca s cng nh th mn hnh phng cng ln.
2) Nhp h s t l (scale factor) thu - phng mn hnh

Command: Z
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>: 2 hoc 2x (Nhp h s t l)
Khi nhp t l bng 2 th mn hnh phng to ln hai ln
Ch :

- H s t l <1 Th thu mn hnh

- H s t l >1 Th phng mn hnh
3) Thu - phng mn hnh bng cch di chuyn chut (Zoom - Realtime)
Command: Z
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>:
Lc ny trn mn hnh xut hin con tr c hnh dng knh lp (hnh 9.2) gn ging hnh
dng biu tng Zoom Realtime. N c hai chc nng :
- Phng to mn hnh bng cch nhp tri chut gi v ko r chut ln pha trn.
- Thu nh mn hnh bng cch nhp tri chut gi v ko r chut xung pha di.
thot khi lnh Zoom Realtime ta nhn Esc hoc nhp nt phi chut xut hin shortcut
menu, menu ny ta chn Exit (hnh 9.2).
4) Zoom All ,
Tu chn ny s hin th ton b i tng trn bn v ca khung nhn hin hnh. Nu chng ta
v vt qu gii hn v th AutoCAD s thu cc hnh v mc nhn thy chng trn mn hnh
(hnh 9.3).
Command: Z
- Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>: A
5) Zoom Center,
Dng hin th mt ca s c xc nh bng mt tm ca s v gi tr h s phng i hoc
chiu cao. Khi ti (1) ta nhp C s xut hin:
Command: Z
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>: C
- Specify center point : Chn mt im trn mn hnh lm tm ca khung ca s (1)
- Enter manification or height < >: Nhp gi tr phng i hoc chiu cao khung ca s
(chn hai im P1P2 xc nh chiu cao (hnh 9.4)), gi tr ny cng nh th hnh phng
cng ln. Nu sau gi tr ta nhp X, 2X,3X,...th hnh v s c phng theo cc ch s trc
X .Chng hn nhp 3X th hnh v c phng to ln 3ln; nhp 0.5X th hnh v c thu
nh xung mt na .
P1
P2
Hnh 9.3 Hnh 9.4
6) Zoom Dynamic ,
Hin ln trn mn hnh tt c hnh nh trong khung ca s m ta c th thay i v tr v kch
thc ca khung ca s ny cha i tng cn thu phng mn hnh.
Command: Z
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>: D

Lc ny xut hin khung hnh ch nht c du X gia cho php ta di chuyn v tr ca khung
ca s. Mun chuyn sang ch thay i ln khung ca s ta nhn phm tri chut, khi
xut hin mi tn bn cnh phi, tip tc di chuyn thay i ln ca khung; ca s cng
nh th mn hnh phng ln cng ln. Sau khi xc nh xong khung ca s ta nhn Enter .
7) Zoom Window ,
Phng to mn hnh cha phn hnh nh nm trong khung ca s hnh ch nht.
Command: Z
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>: W
- Specify first corner: Chn gc th nht ca ca s.
- Specify opposite corner Chn gc th hai ca ca s.
Ca s bao i tng cng nh th mn hnh cha hnh nh ca i tng th hin cng ln
(hnh 9.5)
Hnh 9.5 Hnh 9.6

8) Zoom Extents ,
Tu chn ny s hin th ton b i tng trn bn v ca khung nhn hin hnh v phng to
hoc thu nh ton b cc i tng n kh nng ln nht c th (hnh 9.6). Trong 3D, Zoom
All tng ng vi Zoom Extents
Command: Z
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>: E
9) Zoom Previous,
Phc hi li cc hnh nh ca cc lnh Zoom trc . Phc hi c 10 hnh nh trc .
Command: Z
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>: P
10) Zoom Scale,

Nhp h s t l bng cc con s (hnh 9.7)
Command: Z
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>: S
- Enter a scale factor (nX or nXP): 2
Ch :
- H s t l <1 Th thu mn hnh
- H s t l >1 Th phng mn hnh

Hnh 9.7
Trn thanh Standard toolbar ta cn c thm cc biu tng tu chn nh sau :
In Phng to mn hnh ln hai ln .
Out Thu nh mn hnh xung hai ln .
9.2 DI CHUYN MN HNH (lnh Pan),

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
View \ Pan >... VIEW 1 \ Pan Pan, P
Lnh Pan dng di chuyn mn hnh hin hnh n mt v tr bt k m khng lm thay i

ln cng nh v tr tng i gia cc i tng. C th gi lnh t Pull - down menu (hnh 9.8)
Hnh 9.8 hnh 9.9

Command: P
Lc ny trn mn hnh xut hin con tr c dng bn tay; khi ta nhp nt tri ca chut ri gi
v di chuyn mn hnh cha hnh nh n v tr mong mun; khi th nt tri chut ra th lnh Pan
khng tip tc .
thot lnh Pan ta nhn phm Esc hoc nhp phi chut s xut hin danh mc shortcut menu
ri chn Exit. (Hnh 9.9)
CC TU CHN (hnh 9.9)

Pan L tu chn Pan Rrealtime
Zoom L tu chn Zoom Rrealtime
3D Orbit Chuyn sang qu o trong khng gian 3chiu
ZoomWindow, Zoom Extents Nh trnh by lnh Zoom
Zoom Original Tr v hnh nh gc ca Zoom
9.3 QUAN ST BN V T TRN (Aerial View)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
View \ Aerial View VIEW1\ Dsviewer Dsviewer hoc Av

Trong AutoCAD2000 i vi nhng bn v phc tp, hin th ton b bn v hoc mt phn

ca bn v ta c th s dng lnh Aerial View tt hn cc lnh nu trn. Khi gi lnh s xut
hin hp thoi Aerial View (Hnh 9.10). Mun phng to b phn no ca hnh biu din ta to
mt khung hnh ch nht bao quanh b phn ; hnh ch nht cng nh th b phn phng
to cng ln .
Khung hnh ch nht bao

i tng cn phng to
mn hnh
Hnh 9.10
Trn khung ca s Aerial View c cc nt gm :
- Nt th nht l Zoom In Phng to mn hnh ln hai ln
- Nt th hai l Zoom Out Thu nh mn hnh xung hai ln
- Nt th ba l Zoom Extend Hin th ton b i tng thy c trn mn hnh
Tu theo cch quan st m ta chn nt thch hp .
- thot khi lnh Aerial View ta nhp vo nt Close (du X) gc hi pha trn ca hp
thoi hoc nhp vo biu tng chic my bay trn thanh cng c Standard .
9.4 TI TO I TNG TRN MN HNH (lnh Regen, RegenAll)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
View\ Regen (Regen All) VIEW1\ Regen hoc Regenall Regen hoc Re
Lnh Regen hoc RegenAll dng ti to ton b i tng trn mn hnh. Khi gi lnh Zoom
phng to mn hnh lc ny ng trn s gy khc. Sau khi gi lnh Regen th cc cung trn,
ng trn c ti to mn nh trc khi Zoom (hnh 9.11)
a) Trc khi Zoom b) Sau khi Zoom phng to c) Sau khi Regen
Hnh 9.11
9.5 XO DU BLIP "+" TRN MN HNH (lnh Redraw, R)

Nu t bin Blipmode = ON th khi nhp im trn mn hnh li du Blip "+ ; cn bin
Blipmode = OFF th khi nhp im khng li du Blip trn mn hnh
======================

Chng 10 TO V QUN L CC TNH CHT

LP TRN BN V
AutoCAD cho php ta to ra cc lp (layer) v v qun l cc tnh cht ca lp trn bn v d
dng hn. Mi lp v c th xem nh mt mn trong sut, trn mi lp ta c th t nh cc tnh
cht khc nhau nh: mu, dng ng, chiu rng nt in... Trong bn v AutoCAD, cc i
tng c tnh cht chung thng nhm thnh mt lp. V d: Lp ng thy, lp tng (nt
lin m); lp ng khut; lp ng tm - ng trc; lp mt ct; lp kch thc; lp vn
bn...S lng lp trong bn v khng hn ch, tn lp thng phn nh ni dung ca cc i
tng nm trn lp . Ta c th hiu chnh cc trng thi ca lp nh: M (ON), tt (OFF),
kho (LOCK), m kho (UNLOCK), ng bng (FREEZE) v tan bng (THAW) cc i
tng trn lp xut hin hay khng xut hin trn mn hnh hoc in hay khng in ra giy .
10.1 TO LP V GN TNH CHT LP TRN HP THOI (lnh Layer)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull-down menu Screen menu G lnh Toolbar
Format \ Layer... FORMAT \ Layer Ddlmodes, Layer, LA Object Properties
Sau khi thc hin lnh Layer s xut hin hp thoi Layer Properties Manager (hnh 10.1).
Hnh 10.1
1) TRNH T TO LAYER MI
- Nhp nt New s xut hin son tho Layer 1 (mu xanh) ti ct Name di Layer 0.
(hnh 10.1)
- Nhp tn lp cn to: NET KHUAT. Tn lp khng c di qu 255 k t; k t c th l
ch, s, du... c th c cc khong trng gia cc k t nhng khng c dng cc k t
sau: <, >, /,\, ", ?, *, = Nu mun to nhiu lp cng mt lc ta nhp cc tn lp cch nhau
bi du phy .
2) GN MU (COLOR) CHO LP
- Nhp vo mu White ca lp NET KHUAT c chn di ct Color, khi xut hin hp
thoi Select Color (hnh 10.2), hp thoi ny c 256 mu c nh s t 1 - 256
- Hy chn mu xanh (Blue) gn cho lp NET KHUAT. Khi chn mu nn chn mu tiu
chun. C 7 mu tiu chun (Standard colors): 1- Mu (Red); 2 - Mu vng (Yellow); 3 -
Mu xanh l cy, mu xanh lc (Green); 4 - Mu xanh da tri (Cyan); 5 - Mu xanh bin

(Blue); 6 - Mu tm (Magenta); 7 - Mu trng hoc en (White or black) . Ngoi ra ta cng

c th chn mu bng mu y nm trong khung Full color palette
- Nhp nt OK.
Hnh 10.2 Hnh 10.3

3) GN DNG NG (LINETYPE) CHO LP
gn dng ng cho lp NET KHUAT ta thc hin nh sau:
- Nhp vo tn dng ng continuous ca lp ang chn (di ct Linetype) khi xut hin
hp thoi Select Linetype (Hnh 10.3).Trong hp thoi ny ch c mt dng ng duy nht
l Continuous. ti cc dng ng khc cho bn v, ta tin hnh :
- Nhp nt Load... khi xut hin hp thoi Load or Reload Linetypes (hnh 10.4) .
- Chn dng ng hidden cn ti cho bn v.
- Nhp nt OK s tr v hp thoi Select Linetype (Hnh 10.5)
- Chn li dng ng hidden va ti gn cho lp NET KHUAT
- Nhp nt OK.
Hnh 10.4 Hnh 10.5 Hnh 10.6
4) GN CHIU RNG NT (LINEWEIGHT) SAU NY IN RA GIY.

Gn chiu rng nt cho lp NET KHUAT khi in bn v ra giy. Trnh t thc hin nh sau:
- Chn tn lp NET KHUAT
- Nhp vo ch Default di ct Lineweight s xut hin hp thoi Lineweight (hnh 10.6),
ko con chy trn thanh trt xung ri chn chiu rng nt thch hp 0.2
- Nhp nt OK tr v hp thoi Layer Properties Manager
5) CC TRNG THI CA LP
Sau khi thc hin xong mt bn v hoc mt i tng no ta c th s dng cc trng thi
ca lp :

a) TT, M LP (OFF / ON) .

tt (OFF), m (ON) lp ta nhp vo biu tng (hnh bng n trn) (Hnh 10.1). Khi tt
mt lp th bng n chuyn sang mu en; cc i tng nm trn lp khng thy trn mn
hnh nn ni chung khng hiu chnh c v cng khng in ra c. Nhng nu ti dng
nhc"Select objects " ta dng la chn All chn i tng th c th hiu chnh c
b) NG V LM TAN BNG CA LP CHO TT C KHUNG NHN (FREEZE/THAW)

ng bng (Freeze), tan bng (Thaw) lp cho tt c khung nhn (Viewports), ta nhp vo biu
tng trng thi FREEZE /THAW (Hnh 10.1). Khi mt lp c ng bng th cc i tng
nm trn lp ny khng xut hin trn mn hnh v ta cng khng th hiu chnh v cng khng
in c cc i tng trn lp . Lp hin hnh khng th ng bng
c) KHO V M KHO CHO LP (LOCK/UNLOCK)

kho (Lock), m kho (Unlock) cho lp ta nhp vo biu tng trng thi Lock/Unlock
(Hnh 10.1). i tng b kho vn thy trn mn hnh v in ra c nhng khng hiu chnh
c .
6) XO LP (DELETE)
xo lp to, bng cch :
- Chn lp cn xo.
- Nhp nt Delete . C mt s lp khng cho php xo .
7) THIT LP LP HIN HNH (CURRENT)

thit lp mt lp tr thnh hin hnh, bng cch :
- Chn lp cn gn
- Nhp nt Current hp thoi, cc i tng c v trn lp hin hnh s c nhng tnh
cht ca lp ny.
8) NHP OK NG HP THOI.
Hnh 10.7 Hnh 10.8

Ch
a) hp thoi Layer Properties Manager, nu ta nhp nt Show details s xut hin trang mi ca hp
thoi Layer Properties Manager hin th chi tit hn (Hnh 10.7). Trong khung Details ta c th i
tn lp, gn li mu, i dng ng, v cc trng thi ca lp.
b) To lp v gn cc tnh cht cho lp t dng nhc lnh (lnh -Layer, -La)
Command: -La
Current layer: "0"

- Enter an option
[?/Make/Set/New/ON/OFF/Color/Ltype/LWeight/Plot/PStyle/Freeze/Thaw/LOck/Unlock]: N
(Tu chn New to lp mi)
- Enter name list for new layer(s): NET KHUAT ; (nhp danh sch tn lp mi)
- Enter an option
[?/Make/Set/New/ON/OFF/Color/Ltype/LWeight/Plot/PStyle/Freeze/Thaw/LOck/Unlock]: C
(Tu chn Color gn mu cho lp)
- Enter color name or number (1-255): BLUE (hoc 5) ; (Nhp tn mu hoc s mu)
- Enter name list of layer(s) for color 5 (blue) <0>: NET KHUAT;(Nhp tn lp cho mu Blue)
- Enter an option
[?/Make/Set/New/ON/OFF/Color/Ltype/LWeight/Plot/PStyle/Freeze/Thaw/LOck/Unlock]:LT
(Tu chn Ltype gn dng ng cho lp)
- Enter loaded linetype name or [?] <Continuous>: HIDDEN (Nhp tn dng ng c ti)
- Enter name list of layer(s) for linetype "HIDDEN" <0>: NET KHUAT ; (Nhp tn lp cho dng
ng HIDDEN)
- Enter an option
[?/Make/Set/New/ON/OFF/Color/Ltype/LWeight/Plot/PStyle/Freeze/Thaw/LOck/Unlock]:LW
(Tu chn LWeight gn chiu rng nt cho lp)
- Enter lineweight (0.0mm - 2.11mm): 0.2 ; (nhp chiu rng nt cho lp)
- Enter name list of layers(s) for lineweight 0.20mm <0>: NET KHUAT ; (Nhp tn lp cho chiu
rng nt 0.20)
- Enter an option
[?/Make/Set/New/ON/OFF/Color/Ltype/LWeight/Plot/PStyle/Freeze/Thaw/LOck/Unlock]:
CC TU CHN KHC
+ ? Lt k cc lp cng cc tnh cht ca lp
+ Make (M) To lp mi v lp tr thnh hin hnh
+ Set (S) a mt lp ra hn hnh
+ New (N) To lp mi
+ ON/OFF M hay tt lp
+ Freeze (F) Lm ng cc lp
+ Thaw (T) Lm tan cc lp ng
+ Lock (LO) Kho cc lp
+ Unlock (U) M kho cc lp kho
10.2 NHP T L DNG NG CHO BN V

Sau khi to gii hn bn v; ta phi nhp li t l dng ng cho ph hp vi gii hn bn v.
C th thc hin theo trnh t sau:
1. Gi lnh Lt hoc Format\ linetype... s xut hin hp thoi Linetype Manager (hnh10.8)
2. Nhp t l dng ng mt trong hai sau:
- Global scale factor Dng nhp t l dng ng cho ton b bn v, gi tr mc
nh l 1, gi tr ny thay i theo gii hn bn v .
- Current object scale Dng nhp t l dng ng hin hnh cho i tng sp v, gi tr
mc nh l 1, gi tr ny thay i theo gii hn bn v.
T l dng ng ny ch c tc dng cho cc dng ng khng lin tc.
Ngoi ra ta cng c th nhp t l dng ng bi lnh Ltscale (Lts) nh sau:
Command: Ltscale
- Enter new linetype scale factor <1.0000>: Nhp h s t l dng ng mi ch bn v.
10.3 LC CC LP

i vi bn v c s lng lp nhiu th vic tm kim lp trn hp thoi mt nhiu thi gian.

gim thi gian cho vic tm kim ta s dng hp thoi lc cc lp thng dng cn hin ln
trn bng danh sch lp. Khi nhp chn nt [...] - Named Layer Filter (hnh 10.9) s xut hin
hp thoi b lc lp c t tn Named Layer Filter (hnh 10.10).
Nut Named Layer Filters
Hnh 10.9 Hnh 10.10
TRNH T LC LP THC HIN NH SAU:

- t tn lc lp (v d: THUONG DUNG) vo ca danh sch Filter name cn lu.
- Nhp tn cc lp cn lc vo Layer Name. (*1 hoc 1*) (1)
- Nhp nt Add thm tn lc lp THUONG DUNG vo danh sch ca Named Layer Filters
- Nhp nt Close ng hp thoi.
- Trong hp thoi Layer Properties Manager chn tn lc lp THUONG DUNG t danh sch
Named Layer Filters, lc ny danh sch cc lp c lc s xut hin ca s hin th cc
lp; (Hnh 10.11)
- Nhp OK ng hp thoi Layer Properties Manager
Hnh 10.11 Hnh 10.12

Ch
- nh du chn vo nt Invert filter lm hin ln danh sch cc lp cha lc (hnh 10.12)
- Nhp nt Apply to Object Properties Toolbar lm hin tn cc lp lc trn thanh cng c Object
Properties.
- Du * ti Layer name ca hp thoi (hnh 10.10) cho hin tn tt c cc lp to
- Ch Both c ngha l hin th c hai trng thi ca cc lp lc

- Du * ti cc : Color, Lineweight, Linetype, ... c ngha l hin ln tt c cc mu, chiu rng nt in,
dng ng, ... ca cc lp lc. Ta cng c th lc cc lp theo mu, hoc theo chiu rng nt in,
hoc theo dng ng, ... ca cc lp to bng cch nhp tn ca chng.
10.4 IU KHIN LP BNG THANH CNG C OBJECT PROPERTIES

Ta c th to v iu khin cc lp t thanh cng c Object Properties (hnh 10.13).
Lineweight control
Object properties toolbar Color control (mau)
(Chiu rng net )
Layers (Tao lp) Layer control (iu khin lp) Linetype control (Dang ng)
Make Objects Layer Current (Tao lp hin hanh)
Hnh 10.13
Nt Make Object's Layer Current

Nt ny dng thit lp lp ca i tng c chn thnh lp hin hnh. Cc bc thc hin
nh sau:
- Kch vo nt Make Object's Layer Current, s xut hin dng nhc sau:
- Select object whose layer will become current: Hy chn i tng v th lp ca n s
tr thnh lp hin hnh.
Nt Layer
Kch vo nt na s xut hin hp thoi to lp Layer Properties Manager; (Hnh 10.1) .
Danh sch iu khin lp (Layer Control)
Dng thit lp lp hin hnh v. Trn danh sch iu khin lp (Hnh 10.14) ta chn lp
no th lp tr thnh hin hnh, trn danh sch ny ta cng c th thay i cc trng thi ca
lp bng cch chn biu tng ca trng thi .
Hinh 10.14 Hnh 10.15

Danh sch iu khin mu (Color Control)
Danh sch iu khin mu Color Control gn mu hin hnh cho i tng sp v;
(Hnh 10.15). Khi to lp th ta nn chn mu theo lp (tc chn Bylayer). Nu ta nhp vo
nt other... s xut hin hp thoi Select Color cha bng mu y hn gn mu khng
theo lp cho i tng sp v.
Danh sch iu khin dng ng (Linetype Control)
Danh sch iu khin dng ng (Linetype Control) gn dng ng hin hnh cho i
tng sp v, (Hnh 10.16). Khi to lp th ta nn chn dng ng theo lp (tc chn
Bylayer). Nu ta nhp vo nt other... s xut hin hp thoi qun l dng ng Linetype
Manager dng ti dng ng khng theo lp v gn t l dng ng cho bn v .

Hnh 10.16 Hnh 10.17
Danh sch iu khin chiu rng nt (Lineweight Control)

Dng gn chiu rng nt v hin hnh cho i tng sp v. Trn danh sch ko xung ca
Lineweight Control (Hnh 10.17) ta chn chiu rng nt gn cho i tng sp ve khng
theo lp. Khi to lp nn chn chiu rng nt theo lp (tc chn Bylayer).
10.5 TI MU V DNG NG CHO BN V KHNG THEO LP.

10.5.1 CHN MU V
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull-down menu Screen menu G lnh
Format \ Color... FORMAT \ Color... Color, Col
- Gi lnh Color s xut hin hp thoi Select Color (hinh 10.2).

- Trong hp thoi ny ta chn mu v khng theo lp.
- Nhp OK
10.5.2 TI DNG NG CHO BN V

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull-down menu Screen menu G lnh
Format \ Linetype... FORMAT \ Linetype... Linetype, Lt
- Gi lnh Lt s xut hin hp thoi Linetype Manager (hinh 10.18).
Hnh 10.18 Hnh 10.19

- Nhp nt Load... xut hin hp thoi Load or Reload Linetypes (hinh 10.19). Trong hp
thoi ny ta chn dng ng cn ti; ti ht cc dng ng cho bn v hy nhp phi
chut vo mt dng ng ri chn Select all trn danh mc tt.
- Nhp OK ng hp thoi Load or Reload Linetypes
- Nhp OK ng hp thoi Linetype Manager

10.5.3 CHN V HIN TH CHIU RNG NT V

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull-down menu G lnh
Format\ Lineweight... Lineweight., Lw
Hin th chiu rng nt v d nhn ch khng nh hng n chiu rng nt khi in

- Gi lnh Lw s xut hin hp thoi Lineweight Settings (hinh 10.20).
- Chn chiu rng nt ca s danh sch Lineweight trong hp thoi hoc chn danh sch
iu khin chiu rng nt Lineweight Control trn thanh cng c Object Properties
- Hin th chiu rng nt trn bn v bng cch nh du chn vo nt Display Lineweight
hoc nhp vo nt LWT trn thanh trng thi.
- Nhp OK ng hp thoi
Hnh 10.20
10.6 HIU CHNH CC TNH CHT CA I TNG

10.6.1 Thay i lp bng thanh cng c Object Properties
Trnh t thay i lp nh sau :
- Ti dng nhc Command: Ta chn i tng cn thay i lp lc ny xut hin cc GRIPS
trn i tng - l cc vung mu xanh (Hnh 10.21)
- Trn danh sch iu khin lp (Layer Control) thuc thanh cng c Object Properties ta chn
tn lp cn thay i cho i tng chn
Hnh 10.21 Hnh 10.22
V d
Trc y ta v hnh ch nht trn lp NET DAM, nay ta nun thay i lp ng thy thnh
lp NET KHUAT th :
- Chn hnh ch nht NET DAM trn bn v
- Trn danh sch ko xung ca Layer Control ta chn lp ng khut. Lc ny lp NET
DAM chuyn thnh lp NET KHUAT.
10.6.2 THAY I TNH CHT I TNG (lnh properties)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull-down menu Screen menu G lnh Toolbar
Modify \ Properties... MODIFY1 \ Property Ddchprop, mo, Ch, Object Properties
props, Ctrl+1
- Ti dng nhc lnh Command: hy chn i tng cn hiu chnh xut hin cc Grips
- Gi lnh Properties th s xut hin hp thoi Properties (Hnh 10.22).
- Trong hp thoi ny ta c th thay i cc tnh cht ca i tng chn nh: Color (mu),
Layer (lp), Linetype (dng ng), LtScale (t l dng ng), ....
1) Thay i lp hoc tnh cht ca mt vi i tng cng lp

Trnh t thc hin nh sau
- Ti dng nhc Command: ta chn vi i tng trn mn hnh cn thay i lp hoc tnh
cht, lc ny s xut hin cc Grips mu xanh trn i tng .
- Gi lnh Properties khi cc tnh cht ca i tng chn s lit k trn hp thoi
Properties (hnh 10.22). Trn hp thoi ny ta chn lp hoc tnh cht cn thay i n.
2) Thay i lp hoc tnh cht ca tt c i tng cng lp

Trnh t thc hin nh sau
- Gi lnh Properties s xut hin hp thoi Properties (hnh 10.23a)
- Nhp nt Quick Select s xut hin hp thoi Quick Select cho (hnh 10.23b)
- Trn hp thoi ny ta chn tnh cht cn hiu chnh, v d trong danh sch tnh cht
Properties chn Layer v trn danh sch ko xung ca Value ta chn tn lp NET DAM cn
hiu chnh thnh lp khc, khi :
Quick Select
a) b) c)
Hnh 10.23
+ Nu ti danh sch kiu i tng Object Type ta chn Polyline th tt c cc i tng v
bng lnh Polyline trn lp NET DAM s c chn.
+ Nu ti danh sch kiu i tng Object Type ta chn Line th tt c cc i tng v bng
lnh Line trn lp NET DAM s c chn...
+ Nu ti danh sch kiu i tng Object Type ta chn Multiple th tt c cc i tng v
trn lp NET DAM s c chn.

+ Sau khi chn xong nhp OK s xut hin hp thoi Properties (hnh 10.23c) bao gm cc
tnh cht ca i tng cn thay i, trn danh sch ko xung ca cc lp Layer ta chn
lp NET KHUAT cn thay i n. Khi tt c cc i tng ca lp NET DAM c
chn s chuyn sang lp NET KHUAT
- Nhp nt Close (du X gc trn bn phi) kt thc vic hiu chnh
10.6.3 NH DNG TNH CHT I TNG NGUN CHO I TNG CH

(lnh Matchprop)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull-down Menu Screen Menu G lnh Toolbar
Modify \ Match Properties MODIFY1\ Matchprop Ma, Matchprop Standarrd
Lnh Matchprop dng gn cc tnh cht ca i tng ngun c chn u tin (Source
object) cho i tng ch c chn sau (Destination object) .
Command: Ma
- Select source object: Chn i tng ngun c tnh cht mong mun
- Current active settings: Color Layer Ltype Ltscale Lineweight Thickness Text Dim Hatch
- Select destination object(s) or [Settings]: Chn i tng ch cn thay i tnh cht . (*)
- Select destination object(s) or [Settings]: Tip tc chn i tng ch cn thay i tnh cht
hoc nhn Enter kt thc lnh.
Ch
Ta c th chn (hoc khng chn) cc tnh cht cn gn cho i tng ch (Destination object) bng
cch s dng la chn Settings ca dng nhc (*). Khi xut hin hp thoi Properties Settings (hnh
10.19). Trn hp thoi ny nu tnh cht no c chn (nh du kim) th tnh cht dc gn cho i
tng ch ( y tt c cc tnh cht u c chn)
Hnh 10.24
==================

Chng 11 NHP VN BN VO BN V
Trong qu trnh thc hin mt bn v, ngoi cc hnh biu din ra, cn c nhng dng ch ghi
ch ghi cc yu cu k thut, cc con s ghi kch thc th hin ln ca vt th c biu
din....
Cc dng ch v con s trong bn v AutoCAD l mt phn t ho ging nh Line, arc,
circle, Do ta c th dng cc lnh hiu chnh i vi dng ch v con s .
Chng ny ta s trnh by cch nhp v hiu chnh cc dng ch v ch s trong bn v
AutoCAD2000 .
11.1 TO KIU CH TRN HP THOI (lnh Style)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Format \ Text Style... FORMAT \ Style Style , St
Lnh Style dng to cc kiu ch t cc phng ch (font) c sn trong ACAD v gn cc tnh

cht cho kiu. Sau khi thc hin lnh s xut hin hp thoi Text Style (Hnh 11.1)
Hnh 11.1
Trnh t to kiu ch (Text Style) trn hp thoi ny nh sau :

1. To kiu ch: Chn nt New... s xut hin hp thoi New Text Style (Hnh 11.2). Ta nhp
tn kiu ch mi vo son tho Style Name (v d nhp VN) sau nhp OK (hoc nhn
Enter) th tn VN s xut hin thm danh sch Style Name ca hp thoi Text Style.
Hnh 11.2 Hnh 11.3
2. Chn font ch cho kiu va to VN

Mun nhp u ting Vit th ti Font Name (Hnh 11.3) ta phi chn font bt u bng ch
VN hoa (thng l VNtimes new roman hoc font nht cho xy dng nh: VNswitzerland Cond

light , ...); hoc font VNI bt u bng ch hoa VNI- (nh: VNI- Times, ...); hoc font ABC bt
u bng .Vn (nh .VnTime, ...).
Kiu g nn g theo kiu Telex v c qui nh nh bng sau:
Kiu g Telex V d
G Kt qu G Kt qu du G Kt qu
aa s Du sc caaus cu
ee f Du huyn leef l
dd r Du hi ddeer
oo x Du ng ddoox
aw j Du nng cawnj cn
uw (w hoc ] ) z Xo du va nhp dduwngs ng
ow ( [ ) dduwowngf ng
3. Chn kiu font cho kiu va to (Font Style)

Kiu font c chn Font Style, gm cc kiu sau: Regular (bnh thng); Italic (nghing);
Bold (m); Bold - Italic (Va m va nghing) .
4. Nhp chiu cao ch (height)

Chiu cao phng ch theo TCVN c cc kh (h) nh sau: 2,5; 3,5; 5; 7; 10; 14. Khng c
dng kh nh hn 2,5mm; cho php dng kh ln hn 14mm. Nu trong mt bn v c nhiu
kh ch khc nhau th ta khng nn nhp kh ch ti Height ny m nn nhp ti cc dng
nhp lnh (Command line). Khi s dng bn v c gii hn khc kh A3 th ta phi nhp li
chiu cao ch ph thuc gii hn .
CC NT CHN KHC
- Upside down Dng ch i xng qua phng nm ngang .
- Backward Dng ch i xng qua phng thng ng .
- Width factor H s chiu rng. Theo TCVN th h s chiu rng i vi :
+ Ch in = 0.6 .
+ Ch thng = 0.5 ; kiu xy xng gy = 0.3
- Oblique Angle Gc nghing k t hp vi phng thng ng, nu nhp s > 0 th
nghing sang phi, nu nhp s < 0 th nghing sang tri. Theo TCVN th
i vi:
+ Ngnh c kh gc ny l 150 (Tc to vi ng bng gc 750)
+ Ngnh xy dng gc ny l 00 .
- Rename... i tn kiu ch t tn
- Delete Xo kiu ch t tn
5. Nhp nt Preview xem trc kiu ch va to .

C th thay i tn kiu ch (Rename) hoc xo kiu ch (Delete) .
6. Nhp nt Apply gn cc bin cho kiu vn bn VN .
( to thm kiu mi ta nhp nt New... tr li, v.v...)
7. Nhp nt Close kt thc.
TO KIU CH TRN DNG NHC LNH (lnh -STYLE )

Command: -Style
- Enter name of text style or [?] <Standard>: VN ; (nhp tn kiu ch ti a 31 k t)

- Specify full font name or font filename (TTF or SHX) <txt>: Vntimes new roman ; (nhp
tn y ca font)
- Specify height of text <0.0000>:5 ; (nhp chiu cao ch)
- Specify width factor <1.0000>: (nhp h s chiu rng ca k t)
- Specify obliquing angle <0>: ; (nhp gc nghing ca k t)
- Display text backwards? [Yes/No] <N>: ; (vit i xng qua phng thng ng khng ?)
- Display text upside-down? [Yes/No] <N>: ;(vit i xng qua phng ngang khng ?)
- Vertical? <N> ; (vit theo phng thng ng khng ?)
- "VN" is now the current text style: VN l kiu vn bn hin hnh.
11.2 NHP VN BN VO BN V
11.2.1 NHP NHIU DNG VN BN (lnh Dtext, )
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - don menu Screen Menu G lnh Toolbar
Draw \ Text > Single line text DRAW 2 \ Dtext Dtext, Dt Draw
Lnh Dtext (Dynamic Text) cho php nhp nhiu dng vn bn cc v tr khc nhau trn bn
v v cc dng vn bn ny s xut hin trn mn hnh ngay sau khi g t bn phm m khng
cho ting Vit ngay; v vy ta ch cn nhp mt k t no ri hiu chnh li.
Command:Dt (hoc Dtext, Text )

- Current text style: "VN" Text height: 2.5000
- Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: Chn im bt u nhp dng vn bn
- Specify height <2.5000>: 10 ; (Nhp chiu cao dng vn bn)
- Specify rotation angle of text <0>: 30 ; (Nhp gc nghing ca dng vn bn)
- Enter text: NGUYEN DO (Nhp vn bn) ; (hnh 11.4)
- Enter text: (nhp tip vn bn hoc nhn Enter kt thc lnh)
Hnh 11.4
CC TU CHN
Style Chn mt trong cc kiu ch to lm kiu hin hnh.
Command:Dt
- Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: S
- Enter style name or [?] <vn>: Nhp tn kiu ch to lm kiu hin hnh.
Justify Chn li v tr canh l ca dng vn bn :

Command:Dt
- Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: j
- Enter an option [Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/ BR]:
CC TU CHN CA JUSTIFY
Align Tu chn ny dng sp xp dng vn bn nm gia hai im chn P1, P2 m,
chiu rng v chiu cao ca dng vn bn t ng c iu chnh thch hp theo
khong cch P1P2.

Command:Dt
- Enter an option [Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/ BR]:A
- Specify first endpoint of text baseline: Chn P1 l im u ca dng vn bn .
- Specify second endpoint of text baseline: Chn P2 l im cui ca dng vn bn
- Enter text: AutoCAD ; (Nhp dng vn bn vo); (Hnh 11.5)
- Enter text:
T (Hnh 11.5) cho thy rng chiu di on P1P2 thay i th chiu cao v chiu rng ca dng
vn bn thay i theo.
a) b) c)
Hnh 11.5.
Fit Tng t tu chn Align nhng y ta phi nhp chiu cao dng vn bn.
Command:Dt
- Enter an option [Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/ BR]: F
- Specify first endpoint of text baseline: Chn P1 l im u ca dng vn bn.
- Specify second endpoint of text baseline: Chn P2 l im cui ca dng vn bn.
- Specify height <2.5>: 10 ; (Nhp chiu cao ca dng vn bn).
- Enter text: AutoCAD ; (Nhp ni dung dng vn bn vo)
- Enter text:
T (Hnh 11.6) cho thy rng chiu di on P1P2 thay i nhng chiu cao ca dng vn bn
vn khng thay i theo, ch c chiu rng dng vn bn thay i .
a) b) c)
Hnh 11.6
MI DNG CH C:
- Bn v tr canh l theo hng gm: Trn (Top); Gia (Middle); ng chun (Baseline) v
Di (Bottom)
Hinh 11.7
- Ba v tr canh l theo ct: Tri (Left); Tm (Center); Phi (Right) ;(Hinh11.7) .

+ Center im canh l Baseline - Center

+ Middle im canh l l tm ca hnh ch nht bao quanh dng ch
+ Right im canh l l Baseline - Right .
Ch
Trong AutoCAD 2000 khi s dng lnh Dtext ghi vn bn ting Vit th khng xut hin ngay du
ting Vit. khc phc, ta s dng lnh hiu chnh Ddedit (hoc Ed) hoc gi lnh Modify\ Text ... sau
nhp dng vn bn cn hiu chnh vo trong hp thoi Edit Text (ni chung trong hp thoi ny cng
khng c du ting Vit), nhng khi nhp OK th s xut hin dng ting vit mong mun .
BNG CC K T C BIT
Mc ch G t bn phm Kt qu vn bn Ghi ch cc k t
Gch trn %% O acad acad O - Obove (trn)
Gch di %%U acad acad U - Under (di)
K hiu 50 %% d 500 D - Degree ()
K hiu cng , tr %% p 40 40 P - Plus (cng & tr)
K hiu ng knh %% C 30 30 ng knh
11.2.2 NHP ON VN BN VO BN V (lnh Mtext)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Draw \ Text > Multiline text... DRAW 2 \ Mtext Mtext, T, Mt Draw
Lnh Mtext cho php nhp mt on vn bn c gii hn trong mt khung hnh ch nht m
ta phi xc nh hai nh i din.
Command: Mt
- Current text style: "vn" Text height: 8
- Specify first corner: Xc nh im gc th nht ca hnh ch nht cha vn bn.
- Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Line spacing/Rotation/Style/Width]: Xc nh
im gc i din ca hnh ch nht. Lc ny s xut hin hp thoi Multiline Text Editor
(Hnh 11.8a), trn hp thoi ny ta nhp on vn bn vng ca s nh vn bn .
CC TAB CA HP THOI MULTILINE TEXT EDITOR

1. Tab Character
Nhp tab Character ca hp thoi Multiline Text Editor (Hnh 11.8a). Ti danh sch Font ta c
th chn li font ch thch hp vit vn bn nh: VNtimes new roman, ..., k ta c th nh
chiu cao ch ti font height. Cc nt nh dng k t : Nt B - m; I - nghing; U - gch
di; - hu b vn bn va nhp; - to phn s; nh mu cho vn bn danh sch Text
Color.
Ngoi ra ta cng c th chn cc k t c bit ti danh sch ca nt Symbol, danh sch ko
xung ca nt Symbol (hnh 11.8b).
Font Chiu cao font nh dang ky t Mau vn ban Symbol
a) b)
Hnh 11.8
Nu chn Other... s xut hin hp thoi character Map l bng cc k t c bit (Hnh 11.9) .
Trnh t chn mt Symbol vo vn bn nh sau:
- Chn Symbol bng cch nhp phm tri chut ln Symbol .
- Nhp nt Select th symbol s xut hin ti Character to copy .
- Nhp nt Copy
- Nhp nt Close ng hp thoi Character Map.
- Trn hp thoi Multiline Text Editor hy a con tr n v tr cn chn Symbol .
- Nhp nt phi chut xut hin shortcut menu ri chn Paste dn k t vo.
Hnh 11.9
2. Tab Properties
Nu ta chn tab Properties ca hp thoi Multiline Text Editor s xut hin trang tng ng
(hnh 11.10)
Kiu ch Canh l Chiu rng oan vn ban Goc nghing dong vn
Hnh 11.10
Trong hp thoi ny ta c th thay i kiu ch (Style); nh li im canh l (Justification); thay
i chiu rng danh sch (Width) cho on vn bn mi hoc vn bn c chn, nu trong
danh sch ny ta chn No wrap th Mtext xut hin trn mt dng n. Ta c th nh gc
nghing (Rotation)so vi phng nm ngang ca on vn bn mi hoc vn bn c chn
3. Tab Line Spacing

Cho php ta nh khong trng gia cc dng vn bn mi hoc vn bn c chn (hnh 11.11).
Nu ta chn At Least th AutoCAD t ng nh khong cch gia cc dng da vo chiu cao
ca k t ln nht trn dng; nu chn Exactly th s nh khong trng nh nhau cho cc dng
vn bn ca on Mtext
Hnh 11.11

Khong trng Single (1x) bng 1,66 ln chiu cao ca vn bn. Cc tu chn bao gm: Single
(1x), 1.5 lines (1.5x) v Double (2x); ta c th chn mt tu chn t danh sch ny hoc nhp
mt s theo sau l ch X ch s ln khong trng n. V d 5x
4. Tab Find / Replace

Tab ny cho php ta tm v thay th cc k t (ting Anh) trong on vn bn nm trong ca s
ca hp thoi Multiline Text Editor.
a) Trc khi thay th b) Sau khi thay th

Hnh 11.12
Chng hn thay i ch AutoCAD thnh ch CAD ta g ch AutoCAD vo Find ri nhp
nt Find (nt biu tng c hnh ng dm ) tm ch AutoCAD; sau ta g ch CAD
vo Replace with ri nhp nt Replace (nt biu tng c mi tn cong trn ch AB ) th
lc ch AutoCAD s c thay thnh ch CAD ; (hnh 11.12)
Ch
Ta c th s dng lnh - Mtext (-T) nhp vn bn trn dng nhc lnh. Sau khi nhp lnh s to mt
hnh ch nht cha vn bn ri nhp vn bn vo dng nhc ca lnh MText:
11.3 HIU CHNH VN BN

Ta c th dng mt trong cc lnh sau y hiu chnh vn bn .
11.3.1 Thay i ni dung vn bn (Lnh Ddedit)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Modify \ Text ... MODIFY1 \ Ddedit Ddedit , Ed Modify 2
Lnh Ddedit cho php ta thay i ni dung ca dng vn bn v tnh cht ca n

Command: Ed
- Select an annotation object or [Undo]: Chn dng vn bn cn hiu chnh
Nu dng vn bn chn c to bi lnh Dtext th s xut hn hp thoi hiu chnh Edit
Text (Hnh 11.13), ta g ni dung cn thay i vo hp thoi ny ri nhn OK.
Hnh 11.13
- Select an annotation object or [Undo]: Tip tc chn dng vn bn cn hiu chnh hoc nhn
Enter kt thc vic hiu chnh .
Nu dng vn bn c to bi lnh Mtext th s xut hn hp thoi hiu chnh Multiline Text

Editor (Hnh 11.14a). Ta thay i ch K thut thnh ch Bch Khoa (hnh 11.14b) ri nhn
OK .
Ch
1) Trong ca s ca hp thoi Multiline Text Editor ta c th chuyn t ch thng sang ch in hoc
ngc li bng cch bi en chn dng vn bn ri nhp nt phi chut s xut hin shortcut menu,
(hnh 11.15) ri chn :
- Change case>lowercase (hoc nhp Ctrl + shift + L) s chuyn vn bn c chn thnh ch thng
- Change case>UPPERCASE (hoc nhp Ctrl + shift + U) s chuyn vn bn c chn thnh ch in .
2) chuyn t Mtext thnh Dtext ta s dng lnh Explode (X) phn r Mtext.
a)Trc khi sa b) Sau khi sa

Hnh 11.14 Hnh 11.15
11.4.2 LNH PROPERTIES
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Modify \ Properties... MODIFY1 \ Property DdModify, ch, Mo, props, Object
ddchprop , Ctrl+1 Properties
Lnh Properties dng hiu chnh ni dung v cc tnh cht ca dng vn bn gm: Thay i
ni dung vn bn c chn Contents; Thay i mu vn bn c chn Color; Thay i lp
vn bn c chn Layer; Thay i kiu vn bn Style; Thay i chiu cao vn bn c
chn Height; Thay i gc nghing ca dng vn bn c chn Rotation; Thay i khong
h gia cc dng vn bn c chn Line space factor .v.v...
Trnh t thc hin hiu chnh nh sau :
- Chn dng ch trn mn hnh m ta cn thay i tnh cht.
- Gi lnh Properties s xut hin hp thoi Properties
(Hnh 11.16). Khi cc tnh cht ca i tng c
chn s lit k trn hp thoi ny ; hy chn tnh cht cn
thay i.
Hnh 11.16
11.4.3 HIU CHNH CHIU RNG DNG VN BN (lnh Textfit)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Express > text >Textfit Textfit Express Text Tools

Lnh Textfit dng co (shrink) hay ko gin (Stretch) dng vn bn c vit bng lnh Dtext
nm gia hai im P1, P2 ta cn ch nh. Khi chiu cao dng vn bn khng thay i
(Hnh 11.17) .
AutoCAD 2000 P1 P2
a) Trc khi hiu chnh Textfit b) Sau khi hiu chnh Textfit
Hnh 11.17
Command: Textfit
- Select Text to stretch or shrink: Chn dng vn bn cn hiu chnh.
- Specify end point or [Start point]: nh li v tr im cui ca dng vn bn (hoc p S
nh li im u mi v im cui ca dng vn bn)
- Specify new starting point: Chn im bt u mi ca dng vn bn (im P1)
- Ending point: Chn im kt thc ca dng vn bn (im P2).
11.4.4 NHP DNG VN BN THEO CUNG TRN (lnh Arctext)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Express>Text > Aligned text Arctext Express text tools
Lnh Arctext dng nhp dng vn bn trn hoc di cung trn v sn; dng vn bn
hng vo tm ca cung trn hoc hng t tm ra.
Command: Arctext
- Select an Arc or ArcAligned Text: Chn cung trn
Khi xut hin hp thoi ArcAlignedText Workshop - Modify (Hnh 11.18). Trn hp
thoi ny ta c th nh dng ch (B - m; I - nghing; U - gch di), nhp dng vn bn
ti Text hoc hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca dng vn bn nh : kiu ch (text style), font,
chiu cao ch (Text height), mu vn bn; h s chiu rng (Width factor)...ri nhp OK ta
nhn c (hnh 11.19) .
i h c B c h Kh o a

n g N

n
r
T
Hnh 11.19
Hnh 11.18
11.4.5 CHUYN DTEXT THNH MTEXT (lnh Txt2mtxt)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Express \ Text \ Convert Text to Mtext Txt2mtxt

Lnh Txt2mTxt dng chuyn dng vn bn c son tho bng lnh Dtext thnh lnh Mtext
nhm thun li cho vic hiu chnh vn bn.
Command: Txt2mtxt
- Select text objects, or [Options]<Options>:
- Select objects: Chn dng vn bn Text hoc Dtext cn chuyn thnh Mtext
- Select objects:
11.4.6 TO MT N CHO DNG VN BN (lnh Textmask)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Express > Text > Text Mask Text Mask Express text tools
Lnh Text Mask dng to mt n cho dng vn bn Text hoc Mtext v lin kt thnh mt
i tng nhm che ph i tng khc khi nhm text - mt n ny di chuyn chng ln i
tng khc. Mt n l mt khung hnh ch nht c nn trng
Command: Textmask
Current settings: Offset factor = 0.3500, Mask type = Wipeout
- Select text objects to mask or [Masktype/Offset]: O ( nhp h s offset)
Mask offset currently set to 0.3500 (h s offset hin hnh ca mt n)
- Enter offset factor relative to text height <0.3500>: 0.5 (Nhp h s offset mi tng i so
vi chiu cao dng vn bn)
- Select text objects to mask or [Masktype/Offset]: Chn dng vn bn to mt n
- Select text objects to mask or [Masktype/Offset]: Chn tip dng vn bn to mt n hoc
nhn Enter kt thc (hnh 11.20)
AUTOCAD 2000 AUTOCAD 2000
a) Trc khi Text Mask b) Sau khi Text Mask

Hnh 11.20
11.4.7 PH V DNG VN BN (lnh Txtexp)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Express > Text > Explode Text Txtexp Express text tools
Lnh Txtexp dng ph v dng vn bn thnh cc i tng n gm cc on thng v cc
cung trn nh: Line, Arc, ...ca AutoCAD .
Command: Txtexp
- Select text to be EXPLODED
- Select objects: Chn dng vn bn cn ph v.
- Select objects: Chn tip dng vn bn cn ph hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic chn .
Ch
Sau khi ph v dng vn bn. c dng vn bn 3D nh (hnh 11.23) ta thc hin :
1) Dng lnh hiu chnh gn chiu dy ca dng vn bn

- Ti Command: Ta chn dng vn bn cn hiu chnh s xut hin cc Grips
- Nhp vo biu tng (hoc gi lnh CH) s xut hin hp thoi Properties, ta gn chiu
dy ca dng vn bn hng Thickness =10
2) chuyn sang hnh chiu trc o 3D, ta gi :
- View\ 3DViews >SW Isometric .
3) c dng ch AUTOCAD2000 - L hnh chiu phi cnh nh (Hnh 11.23)
Ta thc hin nh sau :
- View > 3D Orbit
- Nhp nt phi chut s xut hin Shortcut menu (hnh 11.21). Chn
+ Projection > Perspective (chn hnh chiu phi cnh)
+ More > Adjust Distance (Xc nh khong cch chnh bng cch di chuyn con chy trn
mn hnh n khi no cm thy va th dng li); (hnh 11.22)
+ Chn Exit thot ra khi lnh Orbit s nhn c hnh chiu phi cnh (hnh 11.23)
Hnh 11.21 Hnh 11.22 Hnh 11.23
11.4.8 TM V THAY TH VN BN (lnh Find)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Find Standard
Lnh Find dng tm, thay th, chn hoc thu phng dng vn bn c chn trong bn v
hin hnh. Sau khi gi lnh s xut hin hp thoi Find and Replace (hnh 11.24)
Status Hnh 11.24 Hnh 11.25

CC NT CHN
Find Text String Trn danh sch ny ta nhp hoc chn dng vn bn cn tm .
Replace With Trn danh sch ny ta nhp hoc chn dng vn bn thay th thnh.
Search In Trn danh sch ny ta ch nh hoc l ton b bn v (Entire drawing)
hoc l i tng chn hin hnh (Current selection)
Khi nhp nt ny s xut hin dng Select objects: Ta chn dng vn bn
cn hiu chnh ri nhn Enter s xut hin hp thoi tr li
Options... Khi nhp nt ny s xut hin hp thoi Find and Replace Options
dialog, trn hp thoi ny ta c th nh kiu ca i tng v t m ta
mun tm (hnh 11.25)
Find/Find Next Nt ny dng tm dng vn bn nhp danh sch Find Text String.
Nu ta cha nhp vn bn cn tm Find Text String th nt ny m.
AutoCAD hin th vn bn c tm vng Context v tu chn Find
chuyn thnh Find Next.
Replace Thay th vn bn tm thnh vn bn nhp danh sch Replace With.
Replace All Thay th tt c vn bn trong bn v cha vn bn hin hnh
Select All Tm v chn tt c cc i tng c ti cha vn bn m ta nhp vo
danh sch Find Text String. Tu chn ny s dng c khi chn
Current Selection danh sch Search In. Nt ny khng thay th vn bn
Zoom To Nt ny dng phng to vn bn Mtext c tm trong bn v hin
hnh ca khng gian model space v tt c cc layouts xc nh cho
bn v
Context Ca s ny dng hin th v bi en chui k t tm thy cn thay th
v kt qu va c thay th ca vn bn
Status Khung ca s ny dng thng bo s i tng c tm v thay th.
=====================

Chng 12 BIU DIN K HIU VT LIU

TRN MT CT
i vi nhng vt th c cu to bn trong phc tp, nu ch dng hnh chiu biu din th
hnh v s c nhiu ng nt khut lm ri hnh biu din. khc phc iu ny ngi ta a
ra loi hnh biu din khc bng cch dng cc mt phng ct i qua cc l bn trong ca vt th
lc ny ta nhn c mt loi hnh biu din c gi l hinh ct - mt ct . biu din k hiu
vt liu trn mt ct ta s dng cc mu c nh ngha sn trong AutoCAD 2000 ca ANSI
(American National Standards Institude) v ISO (International Standard Organization) tng i
ph hp vi TCVN.
12.1 BIU DIN K HIU VT LIU TRN MT CT (lnh Bhatch)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Draw \ Hatch... DRAW2 \ Bhatch Bhatch hoc BH, H Draw
Lnh Bhatch dng biu din k hiu vt liu trn mt ct trong mt ng bao kn. Sau khi
gi lnh Bhatch s xut hin hp thoi Boundary Hatch, hp thoi ny c hai Tab: Quick v
Advanced (Hnh 12.1)
Hnh 12.1
12.1.1 TAB QUICK

1) Chn mu vt liu mt ct
Trn danh sch ko xung ca Type c ba kiu mu mt ct: Predefined ; User defined v
Custum; (Hnh 12.2) .
Hnh 12.2 Hnh 12.3

Predefined
Gm cc mu mt ct to sn trong tp tin ACAD. PAT ca AutoCAD. C hai cch chn mu

theo Predefined:
- Chn mu mt ct bng cch chn tn ca mu trong danh sch ko xung ca Pattern
(hnh 12.3); hoc
- a con tr vo hnh nh ca b mu (Swatch) ri nhp nt chn ca chut hoc chn nt
[...] bn phi danh sch Pattern, s xut hin hp thoi Hatch Pattern Palette (hnh 12.4);
Trong hp thoi ny c bn tab: ANSI, ISO, Other predefined v Custom. Ta chn mu
mt ct trn mt trong bn tab ca hp thoi ny bng cch a chut n mu v nhp nt
chn ca chut ri sau nhp OK
Hnh 12.4 Hnh 12.5

User- defined
Mu c dng l cc on thng song song.
- Tnh cht gc nghing v khong cch gia cc ng gch gch do ngi dng nh ngha
bng cch nhp vo Angle v Spacing (hnh 12.5). Gc nghing ca ng gch gch so
vi trc x ca h trc to hin hnh .
- Nu nh du chn vo nt Double gc phi di (hnh 12.5) th mu c dng li vung
ging mu ANSI37.
2) Cc tnh cht ca mu
Cc tnh cht ca mu gm :
- Scale Ti ny ta nhp t l cho mu mt ct ang chn th hin khong ch gia cc
ng gch gch v tha da ca dng ng khng lin tc, gi tr mc nh ti ny l
1
- Nu mu mt ct c chn c tn bt u bng AR- th gi tr t l Scale c nhp vo t
0.05 0.1 i vi gii hn l kh A3.
- Gi tr t l Scale thay i theo gi hn bn v.
- Angle Ga tr Angle xc nh gc nghing ca ng gch gch so vi ng gch gch
mc nh ca mu. Gi tr mc nh l 0 (tng ng ng gch gch hp vi trc x mt gc
450)
12.1.2 TAB ADVANCED

Xt hai khung thng dng (Hnh 12.6).
Khung Island detection Style
Cho cc kiu chn v mt ct; gm c ba kiu: Normal (vng gch - vng trng - vng gch...
k t min cha im chn i vo trong); Outer (ch gch min ngoi cng cha im chn),
Ignore (gch tt c k t ng bao ngoi cng ca min cha im chn); (Hnh 12.7)
im chon im chon im chon
a) Normal b) Outer c) Ignore
Hnh 12.6 Hnh 12.7
Khung Object Type

Sau khi gch gch - dng ca mt ct gi li c th l min hoc Polyline
Nu nh du chn vo nt Retain boundary th sau khi gch gch tn ti ng bao quanh ca
min gch gch (khng phi ng bao ca i tng)
3) Xc nh min v mt ct
ch nh min v mt ct ta s dng mt trong hai cch chn: Pick points hoc Select objects
a) Nt Pick points Ch nh min kn gch gch bng cch chn mt im nm trong
min . Sau khi nhp nt pick point s xut hin dng nhc ph:
- Select internal point: Nhp mt im bn trong min kn cn gch
Select everything visible...
Analyzing the select data ...
Analyzing the internal islands...
- Select internal point: Tip tc chn mt im bn trong min kn khc
hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic chn .
Sau khi chn mt im bn trong min kn, AutoCAD s t ng d tm ng bao kn y v cc
qun o (Islands) bn trong, nu bn trong ng bao c dng vn bn hoc ch s kch
thc hoc mt ng bao kn khc th ng gch gch s t ng tr cc min ny ra.
(Hnh 12.8)
AutoCAD
Hnh 12.8
b) Nt Select Objects Chn ng bao kn bng cch chn cc i tng bao k nhau xc
nh min kn cn gch gch. c min gch gch nh (Hnh
12.7), ta phi chn cc ng bao gm: Hnh ch nht, ng trn,
ch AutoCAD v con s kch thc 36 .
CC NT CHN KHC LIN QUAN N MIN GCH

Nt Remove Islands Sau khi chn xong min gch gch bng cch s dng la chn
Pick Points; nu mun b i mt vi islands bn trong min gch
gch chn th ta chn nt Remove Islands. Khi xut hin dng

nhc sau :
- Select island to remove: Chn islands cn b (chn ng trn -
hnh 12.9)
- <Select island to remove>/Undo: Tip tc chn islands cn tr hoc
nhn Enter kt thc vic chn . Nu nhp U th khng thc hin
vic loi b va chn.
AutoCAD
Hnh 12.9
Nt View Selections Nt ny dng xem ng bao c chn s chuyn thnh
dng nt t
Nt Inherit Properties Nt ny dng chn mu mt ct gch sn trn bn v

nhm khng chn li cc tnh cht. Dng nhc s xut hin:
- Select associative hatch object: Nhp vo mu mt ct gch sn trn
bn v
Inherited Properties: Name <ANSI31>, Scale <1>, Angle <0> (dng
ny thng bo cc tnh cht ca mu va chn gm: tn mu, t l, gc
nghing ca ng gch gch )
- Select internal point: Nhp chn im bn trong min cn gch gch.
4) CC NT CHN KHC
Nt Preview Xem trc mu mt ct c biu din , nu cha t th thay i li
tnh cht cu mu.
Nt Associative Nu ta chn nt ny th cc ng gch gch sau khi to mt ct s
lin kt nhau thnh mt i tng duy nht.
Nt Nonassociative Nu ta chn nt ny th sau khi biu din mt ct s phn r thnh cc
i tng n
5) Nhp OK
S thi hnh lnh Bhatch - biu din k hiu mt ct trn min bao kn c chn.
12.1.3 TRNH T TO MT CT
1. Thc hin lnh Bhatch (H ).
2. Chn mu mt ct bng cch nhp nt [...] ca Pattern
3. Xc nh thuc tnh ca mu nh: nhp t l (Scale), ti (Angle) ta nhp gi tr gc nghing
ca ng gch gch so vi gc mc nh O0.
4. Chn min biu din mt ct bng cch chn nt Pick points hoc nt Select objects
5. Xem trc mt ct bng cch chn nt Preview .
6. Chn nt OK thc hin lnh Bhatch.

Ch
Ta c th s dng lnh Hatch (-H) to mu mt ct cho ng bao kn bng cch nhp trn cc dng
nhc lnh nh sau:
Command: -H
- Enter a pattern name or [?/Solid/User defined] <ANGLE>: Earth (nhp tn ca mu)
- Specify a scale for the pattern <1.0000>: (nhp t l gch gch cho mu
- Specify an angle for the pattern <0>: 45 (nhp gc nghing ca ng gch gch)
- Select objects to define hatch boundary or <direct hatch>,
- Select objects: (nhn Enter th ta c th chn cc im to thnh ng bao kn)
- Retain polyline boundary? [Yes/No] <N>: (nhn s khng cn ng bao quanh mt ct; nhp Y
s cn ng bao quanh mt ct)
- Specify start point: P1 (chn im u tin to ng bao kn cn gch
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Length/Undo]: Chn cc im tip theo P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9,
P10, P11, P12.
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Length/Undo]: Chn im cui cng P1 (hoc p C ng kn
ng bao v im u P1).
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Length/Undo]: (nhn Enter kt thc vic nhp im).
- Specify start point for new boundary or <apply hatch>: (nhp im bt u cho ng bao mi
hoc nhn Enter thc hin vic gch biu din mt ct (hnh 12.10)
Hnh 12.10
CC TU CHN KHC
? S lit k tn ca cc loi mu to sn cn chn
Solid (S) T mu min cn gch
User defined Nhp gc nghing ca ng gch gch hp vi phng ca trc x hin
hnh.
12.3 HIU CHNH K HIU VT LIU TRN MT CT

12.2.1 Lnh Hatchedit
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Modify \ Hatch... MODIFY1 \ Hatchedt Hatchedit, HE Modify2
Lnh Hatchedit cho php ta hiu chnh cc mu mt ct v cc tnh cht ca mu mt ct .
Command: He
- Select associative hatch object: Chn min gch gch cn hiu chnh. Lc ny xut hin hp
thoi Hatchedit (Hnh 12.11). hp thoi ny ta c th hiu chnh mt ct nh: chn mu
mi, thay i t l, nhp li gc nghing ca ng gch gch ...

Hnh 12.11 Hnh 12.12
12.2.2 HIU CHNH CC TNH CHT CA MT CT (lnh Properties)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Modify \ Properties MODIFY1 \ Property Ddmodify, mo, ch, Object Properties
props, ddchprop
Lnh Properties cho php ta hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca mt ct lin kt. Khi thc hin lnh
Properties s xut hin hp thoi Properties
Trnh t hiu chnh nh sau:
1. Ti dng nhc Command: ta chn mt ct cn thay i tnh cht, lc ny s xut hin

Grips mu xanh gia mt ct .
2. Gi lnh Properties xut hin hp thoi Properties, khi cc tnh cht ca mu mt ct s
lit k trn hp thoi (hnh 12.12)..
3. Trn hp thoi ny ta thay i tnh cht ca mu cn hiu chnh nh (thay i tn mu
pattern, thay i t l Scale, thay i gc nghing ca ng gcg gch Angle; thay i lp
layer, thay i mu color, ...), sau nhp nt Close (X) gc trn bn phi ng hp
thoi.
4. Nhp Esc hai ln b du Grip mu xanh trn i tng hiu chnh.
=======================

Chng 13 GHI V QUN L

CC KIU KCH THC
Khi thc hin mt bn v, ngoi cc hnh biu din ra ngi ta cn phi ghi kch thc nhm th
hin ln ca vt th c biu din, con s kch thc khng ph thuc vo t l ca hnh v.
13.1 CC THNH PHN CA KCH THC

Cc thnh phn ca kch thc gm c :
- ng kch thc (Dimension lines): Xc nh cc phn t c ghi kch thc.
- ng giong (Extension lines): Gii hn cc phn t c ghi kch thc.
- Con s kch thc (Dimension text): Th hin ln ca i tng c ghi kch thc.
- Mi tn (Arrowheads): ng kch thc c gii hn hai u bng hai mi tn (trong
cc bn v xy dng thng dng du gch xin thay cho mi tn); (hnh 13.1)
First extension line Second extension line

(ng giong th nht) (ng giong th hai)
Arrowheads
(u mui tn) Dimension text
Dimension lines (Con s kch thc)
(ng kch thc)
Hnh 13.1
+ Cc thnh phn kch thc ny lin kt thnh mt i tng khi bin DIMASO = ON
+ Cc thnh phn kch thc ny khng lin kt thnh mt i tng khi bin DIMASO =
OFF
13.2 CC BC CHUN B TRC KHI GHI KCH THC

- To lp kch thc cho vic ghi kch thc (lnh Layer)
- To cc kiu ch cho vic ghi kch thc (lnh Text Style) .
- M ch truy bt im thng tr ENDpoint, INTtersection, QUAdrant nhm y nhanh
tin trnh truy bt cc im trn cc i tng cn ghi kch thc .
13.3 TO KIU KCH THC (lnh DIMSTYLE)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu Screen Menu Go lnh Toolbar
Dimension\Style... hoc DIMENSION \ Ddim Ddim hoc D, dst, Dimension
Format\Dimension Style... dimstyle
Lnh Ddim dng to kiu kch thc v gn cc bin kch thc sao cho ph hp vi TCVN.
Sau khi gi lnh Ddim s xut hin hp thoi Dimension Style Manager (Hnh 13.2) .
13.3.1. TO KIU KCH THC MI

- Nhp nt New s xut hin hp thoi Create New Dimension Style (hnh 13.3). Trong hp
thoi ny ta t tn kiu kch thc mi (KT) vo New Style Name v kiu kch thc ny
l nhm kch thc cha (All dimensions) danh sch ca Use for

- Nhp nt Continue s xut hin hp thoi New Dimension Style: KT (hnh 13.4). trong hp
thoi ny c su tab t nm ngang pha trn
Hnh 13.2 Hnh 13.3
13.3.2. GN CC BIN KCH THC CH O KIU KCH THC.

1. TAB LINES AND ARROWS
Tab ny c bn khung. Ni dung trong tab ny l gn cc tnh cht v cc bin cho ng kch
thc, ng ging kch thc, mi tn kch thc, du tm v ng tm.
a) Khung Dimension Lines (ng kch thc)

- Color Gn mu cho ng kch thc, nn chn Bylayer
- Lineweight Gn chiu dy nt v cho ng kch thc, nn chn Bylayer
- Extend beyond ticks Dng nhp on ng kch thc nh ra pha ngoi ng ging,
khi dng mi tn l du gch xin (Oblique, Architecheral tick); theo TCVN
khong ny l: 24mm (hnh 13.5) .
- Baseline Spacing Dng nhp khong cch (10) gia cc ng kch thc song song
nhau khi dng lnh Dimbaseline ghi cc kch thc song song
(hnh 13.5)
- Suppress - Dim line 1 v Dim line 2 Dng kh mt trong hai thnh phn ca ng kch
thc bng cch nh du chn vo mt hoc hai (hnh 13.6a)
Hnh 13.4 Hnh 13.5

b) Khung Extension Lines (ng ging kch thc)

- Color Gn mu cho cc ng ging kch thc, nn chn Bylayer
- Lineweight Gn chiu dy nt cho cc ng ging, nn chn Bylayer
- Extend beyond dim lines Nhp on ng ging nh ra ngoi ng kch thc.
Theo TCVN th khong cch ny l : 24mm (hnh 13.5).
- Offset From Origin Khong h ca cc ng ging so vi cc im gc c ghi kch
thc.
i vi kch thc c kh th khong cch ny bng khng, kch thc xy
dng th chn sao cho ph hp vi bn v. (hnh 13.5)
- Suppress - Ext line 1 v Ext line 2 Dng kh mt trong hai thnh phn ca ng ging
kch thc bng cch nh du chn vo mt hoc hai ny (hnh 13.6b)
c) Khung Arrow heads (u mi tn)
- 1st Dng chn hai u mi tn cho ng kch thc. Khi nhp vo ny
th s tri xung mt danh sch cc u mi tn, y ta chn u mi tn
thch hp cn dng; (hnh 13.7).
a) b)
Hnh 13.6 Hnh 13.7
Sau y l cc u mi tn thng dng trong bn v k thut theo TCVN:

+ Closed Filled hoc Open Cc u mi tn dng cho C kh v cc ngnh khc
+ Oblique (xin nht) hoc Architectural tick (xin m) Cc du gch xin thay cho mi
tn dng cho ngnh xy dng dn dng v kin trc.
- 2st Dng chn li u mi tn th hai cho ng kch thc
- Leader Dng chn mi tn hoc du chm, ... cho u ng dn ca lnh
Leader
- Arrow size Dng nhp ln ca kch thc u mi tn xem (hnh 13.4)
d) Khung Center Marks for Circles (Du tm hay ng tm)

- Type Khi nhp vo ny th xut hin danh sch (hnh 13.8 a,b,c,d). y ta
chn kiu du tm (Center Mark) hay ng tm (Center Line) cho ng
trn.
- Size Dng nhp ln ca kch thc du tm hay ng tm
a) b) Mark c) Line d) None

Hnh 13.8
2. TAB TEXT

Khi chn tab ny th xut hin trang mi ca hp thoi New Dimension Style: KT (hnh 13.9).
Ni dung trong tab ny l nh chiu cao ca con s kch thc v sp xp v tr ca n so vi
ng kch thc
a) Khung Text Appearance
- Text Style Gn kiu vn bn hin hnh ghi kch thc. Nu cha to kiu vn bn
th hy nhp vo nt [...] s xut hin hp thoi to kiu vn bn Text Style:
t tn kiu KT, gn font cho kiu: isocp.shx (xem chng 11)
- Text Color Dng gn mu cho con s kch thc, nn chn Bylayer
- Text height Dng nh chiu cao cho con s kch thc.
- Draw Frame around Text V khung bao quanh ch s kch thc .
b) Khung Text Placement

Theo TCVN th con s kch thc c t trn ng kch thc v t vo khong gia ng
kch thc, v vy ta chn :
- Vertical l Obove (trn)
- Horizontal l Center (gia)
- Offset from dimline Nhp h ca con s kch thc so vi ng kch thc
Hnh 13.9 Hnh 13.10

c) Khung Text Alignment
Dng canh l ch s kch thc hoc dng vn bn, trong khung ny c 3 nt:
- Horizontal Vit con s kch thc lun lun nm ngang; khng ph hp vi TCVN nn
khng chn (hnh 13.10a)
- Aligned with dimension line c chn mc nh. Con s kch thc sp xp theo ng
kch thc ph hp vi TCVN (hnh 13.10b)
- ISO Standard c chn khi ghi kch thc cung trn hoc ng trn vi con s kch
thc nm trn gi ngang (hnh 13.10c)
3) TAB FIT
Khi chn tab ny th xut hin trang mi ca hp thoi New Dimension Style: KT (hnh 13.11).
Ni dung trong tab ny l iu khin ng kch thc, con s kch thc, mi tn kch thc so
vi khong cch gia hai ng ging v nh h s t l cho tt c cc bin kch thc, ...
a) Khung Fit Option

iu khin v tr ca con s, cc u mi tn nm bn trong hay bn ngoi ng ging, ph
thuc vo khong h gia hai ng ging

- Either the Text or the Arrows, Whichever Fits Best

+ Nu ch th con s v mi tn c t nm gia hai ng ging (hnh 13.12a)
+ Nu ch ch cho con s th mi tn t nm ngoi hai ng ging (hnh 13.12b)
+ Nu ch ch cho mi tn th con s t nm ngoi hai ng ging (hnh 13.12c)
+ Nu khng ch cho c mi tn v con s th chng t nm ngoi hai ng ging
(hnh 13.12d)
- Arrows (u tin cho u mi tn)
+ Nu ch th con s v mi tn c t nm gia hai ng ging
+ Nu ch ch cho mi tn th con s t nm ngoi hai ng ging
+ Nu khng ch cho mi tn th c hai t nm ngoi hai ng ging
Hnh 13.11 Hnh 13.12
- Text (u tin cho con s kch thc)

+ Nu ch th con s kch thc, mi tn c t nm gia hai ng ging
+ Nu ch ch cho con s th mi tn t nm ngoi hai ng ging
+ Nu khng ch cho con s th c hai t nm ngoi hai ng ging
- Both Text and Arrows

+ Nu khng ch cho con s kch thc v cc u mi tn th c hai t nm ngoi hai
ng ging
- Always Keep Text Between Ext Lines

+ Lun lun t con s kch thc nm gia hai ng ging (Hnh 13.13a,b,c)
- Suppress Arrows If They Don't Fit Inside Extension Lines

+ Kh cc u mi tn nu khong cch gia hai ng ging khng ch
a) b) c) a) b)
Hnh 13.13 Hnh 13.14
b) Khung Text Placement

nh v tr ca con s kch thc. Trong khung ny gm c 3 nt sau:
- Beside the Dimension Line

t con s kch thc bn ngoi ng kch thc
- Over the Dimension Line, with a Leader
t con s kch thc trn ng kch thc v trn ng dn v cch xa ng kch thc
(hnh 13.14a)
- Over the Dimension Line, Without a Leader
t con s kch thc trn ng kch thc khng c ng dn v cch xa ng kch thc
(hnh 13.14b)
c) Khung Scale for Dimension Features

- Use Overall Scale of
Dng nhp h s t l cho tt c cc bin kch thc nh: chiu cao con s, mi tn, Spacing,
khong h gia con s kch thc so vi ng kch thc...(hnh 13.15); nhng khng lm thay
i dung sai, ga tr kch thc. ny c gi tr mc nh l 1.
a) Overall scale of =1 b) Overall scale of = 2

Hnh 13.15
d) Khung Fine Turning
Trong khung ny gm c 2 nt sau:
- Place text manually when dimensioning Dng t tu v tr ca con s kch thc
trn ng kch thc, thng dng khi ghi kch thc ng trn ; (hnh 13.16a)
- Allways draw dimline between ext lines Dng chn ng kch thc gia hai
ng ging. Thng b du chn ny khi ghi kch thc ng trn c ng knh hoc bn
knh nh (hnh 13.16b)
4) TAB PRIMARY UNITS

Thit lp nh dng n v o di, n v o gc, s l thp phn, cc tip u ng, tip v ng
cho con s kch thc v t l o (hnh 13.17)
Hnh 13.16 Hnh 13.17
a) Khung Linear Dimensions (Kch thc thng)

+ Unit Format (nh dng n v) (hnh 13.18)

Dng gn dng n v cho kch thc thng, theo TCVN th chn Decimal
+ Precision ( chnh xc) (hnh 13.19)
Hin th v thit lp s thp phn cho con s kch thc, thng thng chn 0
+ Decimal Separator (Tch phn thp phn) (hnh 13.20)
Thit lp du tch gia phn nguyn v phn thp phn bng du sau: Du chm (.), du
phy (,) hay khong trng ( ).
Hnh 13.18 Hnh 13.19 Hnh 13.20

+ Round Off (Lm trn s)
Thit lp qui tt lm trn s cho vic ghi kch thc i vi cc kiu kch thc ngoi tr
gc, chng hn:
Nu nhp gi tr 0.25 th tt c kch thc c lm trn n 0.25 n v gn nht
Nu nhp gi tr 1 th AutoCAD lm trn cho tt c kch thc ti s nguyn gn nht
+ Prefix (tip u ng)

Dng nhp tip u ng trc con s kch thc; v d nhp %%C s hin th du hiu
ng knh f trc con s kch thc, ... (hnh 13.21)
+ Suffix (tip v ng)
Dng nhp tip v ng sau con s kch thc; v d nhp H12 sau con s kch thc s
hin th k hiu dung sai H12 sau con s kch thc; (hnh 13.21)
b) Khung Measurement Scale

Xc nh cc tu chn cho t l o.
+ Scale Factor (h s t l)
Nhp h s t l o kch thc cho tt c loi kch thc tr kch thc gc. Gi tr h
s t l ny c th nhp bng s nguyn hoc phn s th hin s ln tng (gim) ca kch
thc V d: Nu ta nhp h s t l ny bng 2 th AutoCAD o 1mm v (n v) hin
th thnh 2mm (n v); (hnh 13.22). Gi tr ny khng p dng c cho vic lm trn
s cng nh gi tr dung sai
+ Apply to layout dimensions only (p dng t l ch cho cc kch thc layout)
Scale factor = 2
Scale factor = 1
(Mc nh)
Hnh 13.21 Hnh 13.22
c) Khung Angular Dimensions

Hin th v thit lp dng n v hin hnh cho kch thc gc

+ Units Format Thit lp n v o kch thc gc, theo TCVN th chn Decimal Degrees
+ Precision Hin th v thit lp s thp phn cho kch thc gc, thng chn (0)
5) TAB ALTERNATE UNITS

gn cc n v lin kt; gn dng v chnh xc n v o chiu di, gc gia Inch v mm
6) TAB TOLERANCE
iu khin s hin th cc dng ca cc ch s dung sai kch thc (hnh 13.23)
a) Khung Tolerance Format

- Method Thit lp phng php ghi dung sai (hnh 13.24)
+ None Khng c dung sai kch thc (hnh 13.25a)
+ Symmetrical Dung sai i xng (hnh 13.25b)
+ Deviation Sai lch gii hn trn v sai lch gii hn di (hnh 13.25c)
+ Limits Kch thc gii hn trn v kch thc gii hn di (hnh 13.25d)
+ Basic Kch thc c s (hnh 13.25e)
Hnh 13.23 Hnh 13.24
a) None b) Symmetrical c) Deviation d) Limits e) Basic
Hnh 13.25
- Precision Hin th v thit lp phn thp phn cho dung sai, thng chn ba s l 0.000
- Upper Value v Lower Value: Nhp gi tr sai lch trn v sai lch di cho dung sai.
ny ch hin ln khi chn phng php ghi dung sai l Deviation hoc Limits

- Scaling for Height Th hin t s chiu cao gia ch s dung sai v ch s kch thc danh
ngha (thng nhp khong 0.7)
- Vertical Position V tr ch s dung sai so vi ch s kch thc: Top (trn), Middle (gia),
Bottom (di). C th chn khi s dng phng php ghi dung sai l
Symmetrical, Deviation. hoc Lmits
b) Nhp OK
S tr v hp thoi ban u Dimension Style Manager (hnh 13.26).
Trong hp thoi ny xut hin kiu kch thc KT danh sch ca ca s Style (bn tri)
Hnh 13.26 Hnh 13.27
13.3.3. GN CC BIN KCH THC CHO CC NHM KCH THC CON

Trong hp thoi (hnh 13.26), ta nhp nt New s xut hin hp thoi Create New Dimension
Style (hnh 13.27), danh sch Use for cha su nhm kch thc con: (Linear, Radius,
Angular, Diameter, Ordinate, Leader)
Khi gn cc bin kch thc cho nhm kch thc cha (all Dimensions) th cc nhm kch thc
con cng c nhng tnh cht .
Tuy nhin ta c th thay i cc bin ca cc nhm kch thc con ph hp vi c th ring ca
nhm con . Chng han, i vi cc bn v xy dng th mi tn thng dng cho nhm kch
thc cha ghi kch thc thng l cc du gch xin (Oblique hoc Architectural tick) nhng
cc u mi tn dng ghi bn knh, ng knh, gc l mi tn (Open hoc Closed Filled).
V vy ta phi gn cc u mi tn ny cho nhm kch thc con, thc hin nh sau:

- Nhp nt New s xut hin hp thoi Create New Dimension Style (hnh 13.27)
- T danh sch ko xung ca Use for ta chn tn ca nhm kch thc con (v d Angular
Dimensions)
- Nhp nt Continue...s xut hin hp thoi New Dimension Style: KT: Angular (hnh 13.28).
Trong hp thoi ny ta chn Tab Lines and Arrows ri chn cc u mi tn l Open hoc
Closed Filled.
- Nhp nt OK tr v hp thoi Dimension Style Manager. Trong hp thoi ny xut hin
thm kiu kch thc con Angular thuc kiu kch thc cha KT trong danh sch ca ca s
Styles (hnh 13.29)
Hon ton tng t, ta gn cc u mi tn Open hoc Closed Filled cho cc nhm kch thc
con Diameter Dimensions, Radius Dimensions ...
CC NT CHN CN LI CA HP THOI (hnh 13.29)

- Set Current Dng gn mt kiu kch thc tr thnh hin hnh, bng cch chn kiu kch
thc trong danh sch ca Styles ri nhp nt Set Current
- Modify Dng hiu chnh cc bin kch thc sn c. Sau khi chn kiu kch thc
cn hiu chnh (v d KT) ri nhp nt Modify... s xut hin hp thoi Modify
Dimension Style: KT, trong hp thoi ny ta c th hiu chnh cc bin kch
thc.
- Override Dng gn chng tm thi cc bin kch thc cho kiu kch thc hin hnh.
Khi nhp nt Override s xut hin hp thoi Override Dimension Style.
AutoCAD hin th s gn chng cc kiu kch thc nhng khng lu li trong
danh sch ca khung ca s Styles khi dng lnh Save.
Hnh 13.28 Hnh 13.29
- Xo (hoc i tn) kiu kch thc

+ xo mt kiu kch thc, ta kch nt phi chut vo tn ca kiu kch thc, s xut
hin mt shortcut menu ri chn Delete xa hoc chn kiu kch thc ri nhp phm
delete.
+ i tn mt kiu kch thc, ta kch nt phi chut vo tn ca kiu kch thc, s
xut hin mt shortcut menu ri chn Rename
13.4 CC LNH GHI KCH THC

Cc lnh ghi kch thc nm trn thanh cng c Dimension ca AutoCAD2000 (Hnh 13.30).
Hin th thanh cng c ny, c gi nh sau: View\Toolbars... s xut hin hp thoi Toolbars,
nh du chn vo hnh ch nht trc ch Dimension trong khung ca s ca hp thoi.
Linear Ordinate Diameter QDim Cont... Tolerance Edit Dim update Dim Style
Aligned Radius Angular Baseline QLeader Mark Text Edit Dim Style Control
Hnh 13.30
13.4.1 CC LNH GHI KCH THC THNG

13.4.1.1 GHI KCH THC NGANG - NG (lnh Dimlinear)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Dimension\ Linear DIMENSION \ Linear Dimlinear , Dli Dimension
Lnh Dimlinear dng ghi kch thc thng nm ngang (Horizontal), thng ng (Vertical) v
quay ng kch thc (Rotated) nghing mt gc so vi trc x ca h to hin hnh.
Command: Dli
- Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: Chn im P1 lm gc ng ging th
nht (hnh 13.31a)
(1)
- Specify second extension line origin: Chn im P2 lm gc ng ging th hai .
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: Chn
mt im nh v tr ng kch thc, hoc nhp to tng i @0,-8 so vi gc P2.
Dimension text = 100 (dng ny AutoCAD 2000 t ng hin th)
V tr ng kch thc V tr ng kch thc

a) Chn gc ng ging b) Nhn Enter chn
Hnh 13.31
Ch
Ngoi phng php chn hai im gc ng ging (Hnh 13.31a), ta cn s dng phng php chn i
tng (Hnh 13.31b). Khi ti dng nhc (1) u tin ta nhn phm Enter:
Command: Dli
- Specify first extension line origin or <select object>:
- Select object to dimension: Chn i tng ghi kch thc (hnh 13.31b)
mt im nh v tr ng kch thc. (2)
CC TU CHN TI (2)
Rotated Tu chn ny cho php quay ng kch thc nghing so vi trc x mt gc
no (Hnh 13.32). Khi gc nghing ca ng kch thc thay i th con s
kch thc thay i theo th hin khong cch gia hai ng ging mi .
a) Nhp gc nghing bng hai im P1, P2 b) Nhp gc nghing: 1200

Hnh 13.32
Command: Dli
- Select object to dimension: Chn i tng ghi kch thc (chn on P1P2 ) .
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: R
- Specify angle of dimension line <0>: Chn im th nht P1 (hnh 13.32a)
- Specify second point: Chn im th hai P2.
mt im bt k nh v tr ng kch thc .
Text Dng tu chn ny thay i gi tr kch thc hoc nhp cc k t trc v sau
con s kch thc . Khi ti (2) nhp T s xut hin dng nhc sau:
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/
Rotated]: T
- Enter dimension text <100>: %%c120 (Nhp gi tr kch thc mi %%c 100
kt qu l 100)
Mtext Dng tu chn ny thay i con s kch thc hoc nhp cc k t trc v sau
con s kch thc . Khi ti (2) nhp M s xut hin hp thoi Multiline Text
Editor (Hnh 13.33). Trn hp thoi ny ta c th nhp con s kch thc mi
hoc nhp cc k t nh : , 0 ... trc hoc sau con s kch thc, cc k t ny
c chn t danh sch Symbol. Con s nm trong du <> biu din con s kch
thc ghi, thay i con s kch thc ny th ta xo du <> ri nhp s mi.
y ta nhp ch Khong trc du <>, s nhn c kt qu nh (Hnh 13.34) .
Khoang 100
Hnh 13.34 Hnh 13.33

- Angle nh gc nghing cho ch s kch thc so vi trc x ca h to .
- Horizontal Ghi kch thc nm ngang .
- Vertical Ghi kch thc thng ng .
13.4.1.2 GHI KCH THC THNG BT K (lnh Dimaligned)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Dimension \ Aligned DIMENSION \ Aligned Dimaligned, Dal Dimension
Lnh Dimaligned dng ghi kch thc thng m ng kich thc song song vi on cn
ghi kch thc.
Command: Dal
- Select object to dimension: Chn i tng cn ghi kch thc
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Chn v tr P1 ghi kch thc

Dimension text = 123 (dng ny AutoCAD 2000 t ng hin th); (hnh 13.35a)
a) b)
Hnh 13.35
ghi kch thc ng knh ng trn nh (hnh 13.35b), ta lm nh sau :
Command: Dal
- Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: (dng ny lun lun nhn enter)
- Select object to dimension: Chn ng trn ghi kch thc
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: T
- Enter dimension text <80>: %%C80 ; (%%C hin th du hiu ng knh trc con s
kch thc; k hiu ny khng ng cho kiu font ting Vit)
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Chn v tr ca ng kch thc
(Chn im P1) ( Hnh 13.35b) .
CC TU CHN KHC
Mtext, Text, Angle ca lnh Dimaligned tng t nh trong lnh Dimlinear
13.4.2 CC LNH GHI KCH THC HNG TM

13.4.2.1 GHI KCH THC NG KNH (lnh Dimdiameter)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Dimension \ Diameter DIMENSION \ Diameter Dimdiameter , ddi Dimension
Lmh Dimdiameter dng ghi kch thc ng knh ca ng trn .

Command: Ddi
- Select arc or circle: Chn ng trn cn ghi kch thc (Hnh 13.36)
Dimension text = 80 (dng ny AutoCAD 2000 t ng hin th);
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Chn v tr ca ng kch thc .
a) b) c) d)
Hnh 13.36
Ch
1. c kiu kch thc ghi mi tn bn trong (hnh 13.36a, c), thng ghi cho cc ng trn
c bn knh ln, th trong hp thoi Dimension Style Manager ta nguyn mc nh v chn li
cc nt chn nh sau :
Tab Text
- Khung Text Alignment + chn li ISO Standard
( con s kch thc nm trn gi ngang)

Tab Fit
- Khung Fit option + chn li Text ( mi tn nm trong ng trn)
- Khung Fine Turning + chn thm Place text manually when dimensioning
(t con s kch thc v tr tu )
2. c kiu kch thc ghi (hnh 13.36b), thng ghi kch thc cho cc ng trn c bn
knh nh, th trong hp thoi Dimension Style Manager ta nguyn mc nh v chn li cc
nt chn nh sau :
Tab Text
- Khung Text Alignment + Chn ISO Standard
Tab Fit
- Khung Fine Turning + Chn thm Place text manually when dimensioning
+ B chn Allways draw dimline between ext line
(b ng kch thc nm trong ng trn)
3. c kiu kch thc ghi (hnh 13.36d), th trong hp thoi Dimension Style Manager ta
nguyn mc nh v chn li :
Tab Text
- Khung Text Alignment + chn ISO Standard
Tab Fit
- Khung Fine Turning + chn thm Place text manually when dimensioning
CC TU CHN KHC
Mtext, Text, Angle ca lnh Dimdiameter tng t nh trong lnh Dimlinear.
13.4.2.2 GHI KCH THC BN KNH (lnh Dimradius)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Dimension \ Radius DIMENSION \ Radius Dimradius , Dra Dimension
Lnh Dimradius dng ghi kch thc bn knh cung trn .

Command: Dra
- Select arc or circle: Chn cung trn cn ghi kch thc (Hnh 13.37)
Dimension text = 40 (dng ny AutoCAD2000 t ng hin th);
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Chn v tr ca ng kch thc.
a) b) c)
Hnh 13.37
CC TU CHN KHC
Mtext, Text, Angle ca lnh Dimradius tng t nh trong lnh Dimlinear.
13.4.3 V DU TM HOC NG TM (lnh Dimcenter)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Dimension \ Center Mark DIMENSION \ Center Dimcenter hoc Dce Dimension
Lnh Dimcenter dng v du tm hay ng tm cho cung trn v ng trn. Du tm ch

c v khi ng kch thc t pha ngoi cung trn v ng trn.
Tu thuc vo gi tr (size) ca bin DIMCEN m cho du tm hay ng tm

+ Nu =0 Th khng c du tm hay ng tm c v khi dng lnh DCE.
+ Nu <0 Th ng tm c v khi dng lnh DCE.
+ Nu >0 Th du tm c v khi dng lnh DCE (mc nh 2.5)
Command: Dce
- Select arc or circle: Chn cung trn hay ng trn cn ghi du tm hay ng tm
(Hnh 13.38)
a) Du tm (Center mark) b) ng tm (Center line)

Hnh 13.38
13.4.4 GHI KCH THC GC (lnh Dimangular)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Dimension \ Angular DIMENSION \ Angular Dimangular , Dan Dimension
Lnh Dimangular dng ghi kch thc gc .

Ghi kch thc gc c chia ra lm cc loi nh sau :
1) Ghi kch thc gc - chn hai cnh ca gc v v tr ghi

Command: Dan
- Select arc, circle, line, or <specify vertex>: Chn cnh th nht (1) .
- Select second line: Chn cnh th hai (2) .
- Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Chn v tr ng kch thc;
im A (Hnh 13.39a) .
a) b) c)
Hnh 13. 39
2) Ghi kch thc gc - Chn nh, hai im trn hai cnh v v tr ghi.
Command: Dan
- Select arc, circle, line, or <specify vertex>: (dng ny lun lun nhn enter)
- Specify angle vertex: Chn nh gc - tm O ca ng trn ln (Hnh 13.39b) .

- Specify first angle endpoint: Chn im cui ca cnh th nht - tm O1 .

- Specify second angle endpoint: Chn im cui ca cnh th hai - tm O2 .
- Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Chn im A lm v tr ng
kch thc ; (Hnh 13.39b) .
Dimension text = 65 (dng ny AutoCAD 2000 t ng hin th);
3) Ghi kch thc gc tm ca cung trn

Command: Dan
- Select arc, circle, line, or <specify vertex>: Chn cung trn cn ghi kch thc gc (1)
- Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Chn im A lm v tr ng
kch thc - (Hnh 13.39c) .
CC TU CHN KHC
Mtext, Text, Angle ca lnh Dimangular tng t nh trong lnh Dimlinear
13.4.5 GHI KCH THC THEO TO (lnh Dimordinate)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Dimension \ Ordinate DIMENSION \ Ordinate Dimordinate , Dor Dimension
Lnh Dimordinate dng ghi kch thc theo to ca im cn ghi kch thc. Khi ghi
kch thc theo to nn m cc ch SNAP, GRID, ORTHO.
Command: Dor
- Specify feature location: Truy bt im P cn ghi kch thc (hnh 13.40) .
- Specify leader endpoint or [Xdatum/Ydatum/Mtext/Text/Angle]: Chn im cui ca ng
dn. (3)
Dimension text = 40 (dng ny AutoCAD2000 t ng hin th)
CC TU CHN KHC
Ti dng (3) ta c th s dng cc tu chn
+ Nu ti (3) ta nhp X th s ghi kch thc honh ca im chn .
+ Nu ti (3) ta nhp Y th s ghi kch thc tung ca im chn .
+ Nu ti (3) ta nhp M th cho php to on vn bn cui ng dn .
+ Nu ti (3) ta nhp T th cho php to cc dng vn bn cui ng dn
+ Nu ti (3) ta nhp A th cho php to gc nhging ca cc dng vn bn cui ng dn
so vi ng nm ngang
a) b)
Hnh 13.40
Ch

- Nu khng di gc to th con s ch to ca cc im P v tm I ca ng trn l to tuyt

i so vi gc to mn hnh (Hnh 13.40a) .
- Nu di gc to n im P th con s ch to ca cc im P v tm I ca ng trn l to
tuyt i so vi gc P mi ny (Hnh 13.40b) .
13.4.6 GHI CHUI KCH THC

Chui kch thc gm c hai loi: Chui song song v chui ni tip .
13. 4.6.1 GHI CHUI KCH THC SONG SONG (lnh Dimbaseline)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Dimension \ Baseline DIMENSION \ Baseline Dimbaseline hoc Dba Dimension
Lnh Dimbaseline dng ghi chui kch thc m cc ng kch thc song song nhau
1) GHI CHUI KCH THC SONG SONG VI KCH THC VA GHI

Trnh t thc hin nh sau :
a) Gi lnh Dimlinear ghi kch thc ca on thng 39 ; (hnh 13.41a)
b) Sau ta dng lnh Dimbaseline ghi kch thc song song vi kch thc 39 th s ly
ng ging th nht ca kch thc va ghi 39 lm ng chun; c th nh sau:
Command: Dba
- Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>: Chn gc ng ging th
hai - Chn im P3 ....
- Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>: Chn im P4...
- Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>: Tip tc chn gc ng
ging th hai P5, P6... ri nhn Enter kt thc Hnh 13.41a) .
a) b)
Hnh 13.41
2) GHI CHUI KCH THC SONG SONG VI KCH THC C SN

Nu mun ghi chui kch thc song song vi mt kch thc c sn trn bn v, th ti dng
nhc u tin ca lnh Dba - ta nhn Enter hoc nhp S (tu chn select) nhm chn ng
chun lm ng ging th nht ghi kch thc //; c th nh sau:
Command: Dba
- Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>: (hoc nhp S)

- Select base dimension: Chn ng ging 1 ca kch thc 40 lm ng chun

(Hnh 13.41b).
- Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>: Chn gc ng ging th
hai (so vi ng ging th nht va chn) - chn im P3, P4, P5, ... ghi kch thc .
Dimension text = 80 (dng ny AutoCAD 2000 t ng hin th)....
- Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>:
13. 4.6.2 GHI CHUI KCH THC NI TIP (lnh Dimcontinue)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Dimension \ Continue DIMENSION \ Continue Dimcontinue , Dco Dimension
Lnh Dimcontinue dng ghi chui kch thc m cc ng kch thc ni tip nhau
Kch thc va ghi Select continued

a) b)
Hnh 13.42
1) GHI CHUI KCH THC NI TIP VI KCH THC VA GHI

Trnh t thc hin nh sau :
a) Gi lnh Dimlinear (hoc Dimaligned) ghi kch thc ca on thng 30 ; (hnh 13.42a)
b) Sau ta dng lnh Dimcontinue (Dco) ghi kch thc ni tip vi kch thc 30 th s
ly ng ging th hai ca kch thc va ghi 30 lm ng chun; c th nh sau:
Command: Dco
- Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>: Xc nh gc ng ging
th hai - im P3 .
Dimension text = 80(dng ny AutoCAD 2000 t ng hin th)
th hai - im P4... (hnh 13.42a)
- Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>:
2) GHI CHUI KCH THC NI TIP VI KCH THC C SN.

ghi chui kch thc ni tip vi mt kch thc c sn trn bn v (cng c th l kch
thc va ghi) th ti dng nhc u tin ca lnh Dco - ta nhn Enter hoc nhp S (tu chn
select) nhm chn ng chun lm ng ging 1 ghi ni tip kch thc sn c; c th nh
sau:
Command: Dco
- Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>:(hoc nhp S)
- Select continued dimension: Chn ng ging 2 ca kich thc ghi lm ng ging
u tin cho kch thc ni tip - im P2 (Hnh 13.42b) .
th hai - im P3 .

th hai - im P4
- Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>: (Kt thc)
Ch
Ghi chui kch thc song song hoc ni tip i vi lnh Dimangualar ghi gc cng thc hin vi
trnh t hon ton tng t nh trn .
13.4.6.3 GHI NHANH CC CHUI KCH THC (lnh Qdim)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Dimension \ QDIM Qdim Dimension
Lnh Qdim dng to nhanh cc chui kch thc.
Command: Qdim
- Select geometry to dimension: Chn i tng cn ghi kch thc 1
- Select geometry to dimension: Chn tip cc i tng 2,3,4,... cn ghi kch thc hoc
nhn ENTER kt thc vic chn
- Specify dimension line position, or [Continuous/Staggered/Baseline/Ordinate/Radius/Diameter /
datumPoint / Edit]<current>: Chn v tr ng kch thc u hoc nhp mt tu chn (4)
1 2 3
1 3 5
2 4
Hnh 13.43 Hnh 13.44
1 2 3
1 3 5
2 4
Hnh 13.45 Hnh 13.46
CC TU CHN TRN DNG (4)

- Continuous To chui kch thc ni tip (hnh 13.43)
- Staggered To chui kch thc so le (hnh 13.44)
- Baseline To chui kch thc song song (hnh 13.45)
- Ordinate To chui kch thc to
- Radius To chui kch thc bn knh (hnh 13.46)
- Diameter To chui kch thc ng knh
- Datum Point To im chun mi cho chui kch thc song song v to
- Edit Hiu chnh chui kch thc
Ch
Cc vung trn cc i tng l cc im chn i tng ghi kch thc
13.5 TO NG DN (lnh Leader)
Lnh Leader dng to ng dn v cc dng ch thch cui ng dn

Command: Leader
- Specify leader start point: Chn im th nht ca ng dn
- Specify next point: Chn im th hai ca ng dn
- Specify next point or [Annotation/Format/Undo] <Annotation>: (5)
- Enter first line of annotation text or <options>:
(Nhp dng ch thch vn bn th nht hoc nhn enter xt tu chn options)
- Enter an annotation option [Tolerance/Copy/Block/None/Mtext]< Mtext> (6)

Annotation Nhp dng vn bn vo cui ng dn
Format Dng nh dng ng dn v mi tn
Command: Leader
- Specify leader start point: Chn im th nht ca ng dn
- Specify next point: Chn im th hai ca ng dn
- Specify next point or [Annotation/Format/Undo] <Annotation>:F
- Enter leader format option [Spline/STraight/Arrow/None] <Exit>: (7)

+ Spline ng dn l ng cong
+ Straight ng dn l ng thng
+ Arrow u ng dn l mi tn
+ None u ng dn khng c g.

Tolerance ghi dung sai hh dng
Copy Sao chp dng vn bn vo cui ng dn
Block Chn mt khi vo cui ng dn
None Khng ghi ch vo cui ng dn
Mtext Chn mt on vn bn vo cui ng dn. Khi g M th s xut hin hp
thoi Multiline Text Editor
13.6 TO NHANH NG DN (lnh Qleader)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Dimension \ Leader DIMENSION \ Leader QLeader hoc Le Dimension
Lnh Qleader dng to nhanh ng dn v cc dng ch thch cui ng dn

Command: Le
- Specify first leader point, or [Settings]<Settings>: Chn im P1 ca ng dn - (8)
- Specify next point: Chn im th hai P2 ca ng dn (xem hnh 13.47)
- Specify next point:

- Specify text width <0>: (hoc nhp li chiu rng ca on vn bn cui ng dn)
- Enter first line of annotation text <Mtext>: (9)
Ti (9) c hai trng hp:
+ Hoc nhp cc dng vn bn th khng cho ting Vit nhng khi gi lnh ED hiu chnh
li chng th cho cc dng ting Vit mong mun vo cui ng dn.
+ Hoc nhn Enter nhp on vn bn ting Vit trong hp thoi Multiline Text Editor
NH DNG CC DNG CH THCH CUI NG DN

Nu ti dng (8) ta nhn Enter th s xut hin hp thoi Leader Settings (hnh 13.48). trong
hp thoi ny c ba Tab: Annotation, Leader Line & Arrow v Attachment ta c th nh dng
li ng dn v dng ch thch cui ng dn
P2
Mai b mt
P1
Hnh 13.47 Hnh 13.48
1. TAB ANNOTATION
Tab ny c ba khung: Annotation Type, Annotation Reuse ln lt c xt sau y:
a) Khung Annotation Type
Chn kiu ch thch dng vn bn vo cui ng dn
MText Dng nhc to ra l on vn bn Mtext
Copy an Object Dng nhc sao chp on vn bn Mtext, Text, dung sai, Block c sn
trn bn v vo cui ng dn
Tolerance Hin th hp thoi Geometric Tolerance (hnh 13.49), y ta c th
chn k hiu ti Sym, nhp sai lch hnh dng v v tr ti
Tolerance... Chng c gn vo cui ng dn
Block Reference Cho php chn mt Block vo cui ng dn
None To ra ng dn khng c dng ch thch no.
Hnh 13.49
b) Khung MText Options
Ch nh cc la chn on vn bn Mtext cui ng dn

Prompt for Width Dng nhc ch nh chiu rng ca dng vn bn Mtext
Always Left Justify on vn bn Mtext lun lun canh l tri
Frame Text To khung bao quanh on vn bn
c) Khung Annotation Reuse

Gn cc la chn dng li dng vn bn cui ng dn
None Khng dng li dng vn bn cui ng dn
Reuse Next Dng li dng vn bn cui ng dn
Reuse Current Dng li dng vn bn hin hnh
2. TAB LEADER LINE & ARROW

Khi chn Tab ny s xut hin trang mi ca hp thoi Leader Settings (hnh 13.50). Trong hp
thoi ny c bn khung dng nh dng ng dn v u mi tn
P2
0.01
P1
Hnh 13.50 Hnh 13.51
a) Khung Leader Line

Gn dng ng dn c th l:
Straight ng dn l cc on thng (hnh 13.51)
Spline ng dn l ng ln sng (hnh 13.51)
b) Khung Arrowhead
Xc nh u mi tn cho ng dn. Chn u mi tn t danh sch Arrowhead
c) Khung Number of Points

Thit lp s im ca ng dn trc khi nhp vn bn.
Nu bn thit lp s 3 (mc nh) th QLEADER nhc bn nhp vn bn sau khi xc nh
3 im trn mn hnh.
Nu bn chn nt No Limit th QLEADER nhc bn nhp cc im ng dn cho ti khi
bn nhn Enter
d) Khung Angle Constraints

Thit lp gc nghing ca ng dn th nht v th hai
First Segment Thit lp gc nghing ca ng dn th nht (mc nh Any angle)
Second Segment Thit lp gc nghing ca ng dn th hai (mc nh Any angle)
3. TAB ATTACHMENT

Khi chn Tab ny s xut hin trang mi ca hp thoi Leader Settings (hnh 13.52a). Trang
ny dng lin kt vn bn Mtext vo cui ng dn hng bn tri hay cui ng dn
hng bn phi; nu ln lt nh du chn ct tri hayu ct phi.
- Top of top line ng dn i qua nh ca dng u ca on Mtext(hnh 13.52 b)

- Middle of top line ng dn i qua im gia ca dng u ca on Mtext
(hnh 13.52c).
- Middle of multiline text ng dn i qua im gia ca on Mtext (hnh 13.52d)
- Middle of bottom line ng dn i qua im gia ca dng cui ca on Mtext
- Bottom of bottom line ng dn i qua im di ca dng cui ca on Mtext
- Underline bottom line ng dn gch di dng cui ca on Mtext (hnh 13.52e).
a)
Hnh 13.52
13.7 GHI DUNG SAI HNH DNG V V TR (lnh Tolerance)

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Dimension \ Tolerance... DIMENSION \ Toleranc Tolerance , Tol Dimension
Lnh Tolerance dng ghi dung sai hnh dng v v tr ca cc b mt trn bn v.

Sau khi gi lnh Tolerance s xut hin hp thoi Geometric Tolerance (Hnh 13.53)
- Nhp vung mu en di khung Sym ca hp thoi Geometric Tolerance s xut hin hp
thoi Symbol cha cc k hiu dung sai (hnh 13.54).
CH THCH CC K HIU (hnh 13.54)

Dung sai v tr Dung sai phng
Dung sai ng tm Dung sai trn
Dung sai i xng Dung sai thng
Dung sai song song Dung sai Profin ca mt
Dung sai vung gc Dung sai Profin ca ng
Dung sai nghing gc Dung sai o hng knh
Dung sai tr Dung sai o tng cng
Cc thnh phn ca kch thc dung sai gm c:

- K hiu dung sai (Symbol)
- Du hiu ng knh (Dia)
- Gi tr dung sai (Value)
- iu kin vt liu (Material)
- Chun kch thc (Datum); (hnh 13.55)
Hnh 13.53 Hnh 13.54

Ky hiu dung sai Gia tr dung sai
Chun
.002 A
Du hiu ng kinh
iu kin vt liu
Hnh 13.55
Trnh t vic ghi dung sai nh sau:
- Gi lnh Tolerance s xut hin hp thoi Geometric Tolerance

- Nhp vung di nt Sym s xut hin hp thoi Symbol
- Trong hp thoi Symbol (hnh 13.54) ta chn k hiu dung sai th k hiu s xut hin ti
Sym ca hp thoi Geometric Tolerance (hnh 13.56)
Hnh 13.56 Hnh 13.57

- Trong khung Tolerance1, nhp vung mu en bn tri s cho du hiu (ng knh),
nhp gi tr dung sai vo hnh ch nht mu trng, nhp vung mu en bn phi s xut
hin hp thoi Material Condition (hnh 13.57) chn iu kin vt liu (M)
0,05
0,02 A
0,01
a) b)
Hnh 13.58

Trong :
M iu kin vt liu ti a
L iu kin vt liu ti thiu
S Kch thc vt liu ti thiu
- Nhp chun dung sai (A) mu trng ca Datum 1
- Nhp OK
Sau y l v d v cch ghi dung sai phng (hnh 13.58a); dung sai song song v
dung sai tr (Hnh 13.58b)
13.8 HIU CHNH CH S KCH THC
13.8.1 LNH DIMTEDIT

Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Dimension \ Align Text > DIMENSION \ Dimtedit Dimtedit hoc Dimted Dimension
Lnh Dimtedit cho php ta thay i v tr v phng ca ch s kch thc ca mt kch

thc lin kt. Khi di ch s kch thc n v tr mi th ng ging v ng kch thc
thay i theo .
Command: Dimtedit
- Select Dimension: Chn kch thc cn hiu chnh .
- Specify new location for dimension text or [Left/Right/Center/Home/Angle]: Chn v tr mi
ca ch s kch thc cn di n (hoc nhp cc tu chn L, R, C, H, A). Tu chn Home
s a ch s kch thc tr v v tr ban u nu trc dng tu chn Angle
(Hnh 13.59) .
a) Left b) Right c) Angle= 900 d) Home

Hnh 13.59
13. 8.2 LNH DIMEDIT
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Dimension \ Oblique DIMENSION \ Dimedit Dimedit hoc Dimed Dimension
Lnh Dimedit dng thay i ch s kch thc v gc nghing ng ging ca mt kch
thc lin kt .
Command: Dimedit
- Enter type of dimension editing [Home/New/Rotate/Oblique] <Home>: (10)
a)Home b) New c) Rotate d) Oblique =300

Hnh 13.60


Home v Rotate Ging nh Home / Angle ca lnh Dimtedit (Hnh 13.60a,c) .
New Thay i ch s kch thc cho kch thc ghi (Hnh 13.60b) .
(c th gi Modify\Text... hiu chnh ch s kch thc)
Khi p N s xut hin hp thoi Multiline Text Editor (hnh 13.61)
hp thoi ny ta xo i du < > v nhp vo con s kch thc mi hoc
nhp cc k t trc v sau du < > ri nhp OK, s xut hin dng nhc:
- Select objects : Chn con s kch thc cn thay i .
Hnh 13.61
Oblique Dng v cc ng ging nghing so vi ng chun mt gc no
(Hnh 14.62a). Tu chn ny thng dng ghi kch thc trn hnh
chiu trc o. (Hnh 14.62b). Khi p O s xut hn dng nhc:
- Select objects: Chn kch thc cn hiu chnh .
- Select objects: Chn tip kch thc cn hiu chnh hoc nhn Enter
kt thc tu chn .
- Enter obliquing angle (press ENTER for none): Nhp gi tr gc
nghing ca ng ging so vi ng chun nm ngang (300,
1500,...)
Hnh 13.62
13.9 HIU CHNH KCH THC LIN KT

13.9.1 LNH PROPERTIES, DDCHPROP, CH, MO,
PROPS, Ctrl+1,
Lnh Properties dng thay i tnh cht v tt c cc

bin kch thc, thay i ni dung ca ch s kch thc .
Trnh t thc hin hiu chnh nh sau:

- Ti dng nhc command ta chn kch thc cn hiu
chnh
Hnh 13.63

- Gi lnh Properties s xut hin hp thoi Properties (Hnh 13.63).

- Trn hp thoi ny ta c th hiu chnh cc tnh cht v tt c cc bin kch thc .
Trong hp thoi ny, hiu chnh con s kch thc ta nhp vo du cng (+) bn tri ch Text
s tri xung mt danh sch (Hnh 13.63), y ta c th thay i
ch s kch thc bng cch nhp ch s mi vo
Text override ...
13.9.2 HIU CHNH KCH THC BNG GRIPS
Ta c th thay i v tr ca ng kch thc, v tr ca ch s kch thc ...bng cch dng
GRIPS. Ti dng Command: ta chn kch thc cn hiu chnh, sau khi chn xong s xut hin
cc vung GRIPS mu xanh ti mt s v tr trn kch thc (Hnh 13.64). Mun thay i v tr
im no ta chn mu xanh , s chuyn sang mu (hot grips), tip tc bm nt phi ca
chut s xut hin shortcut menu gm cc ch hiu chnh ca GRIPS nh sau: Move,
Mirror, Rotate, Scale, Stretch...Ta c th chn mt trong cc ch ny hiu chnh .
Command:
* STRETCH *
Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Ko gin n im cn thit hoc s dng
cc tu chn.
Ch
- Nu t chn 2 v nhp @0,-10 (hoc ko xung di) th ng kch thc s di chuyn xung
di 10 n v (Hnh 13. 64b) .
- Nu t chn 5 v nhp @20,0 (hoc ko sang phi) th ng ging bn phi s di chuyn sang phi
20 n v (Hnh 13. 64c) .
- Nu t chn 3 v nhp @-10,0 (hoc ko sang tri) th ch s kch thc s di chuyn sang tri 10
n v (Hnh 13. 64d) .
Hnh 13.64
13.9.3 PH V KCH THC LIN KT (lnh Explode, X)

Kch thc lin kt l mt i tng duy nht, trong mt vi trng hp ta cn phi ph v
chng thnh cc i tng n ring l dng cho cc ng dng khc nhau nh biu din mi
tn bn cnh nt ct c th s dng mi tn ghi kch thc c kch thc mi tn ln, ghi dung
sai hnh dng v v tr ca cc chi tit ...
Command: X
- Select objects: chn kch thc cn phn r
- Select objects: tip tc chn hoc nhn enter kt thc.
Ch
Nu bin DIMASO = OFF th khi ghi kch thc cc thnh phn ca kch thc c phn r thnh cc
i tng n.
======================

Chng 14 THNH LP BAN V MU

Khi bt u thc hin mt bn v ta phi chun b cc bc nh sau: nh n v; gii hn bn
v; to lp i tng ri gn mu, dng ng, chiu rng nt in cho lp, nh t l dng ng
cho bn v ; to cc kiu kch thc v gn cc bin cho kiu kch thc; To kiu ch; khung
tn ... gim bt thi gian chun b cho mt bn v, tt c cc bc trn ta ch thc hin mt
ln v lu li trong mt bn v gi l bn v mu (Template drawing). Trong AutoCAD2000
c sn cc bn v mu nhng khng ph hp vi TCVN do ta phi to cc bn v mu mi
ph hp vi TCVN (V d: A0TCVN, A1TCVN, A2TCVN, A3TCVN, A4TCVN...).
I. TRNH T THNH LP BN V MU
To bn v mu trn Model tab theo cc bc sau:

1) THNH LP N V V H METRIC (MILIMET) CHO BN V .
Bng cch gi lnh New s xut hin hp thoi Create New Drawing (Hnh 14.1)
- Chn Tab Start from Scratch
- Chn nt Metric
- Nhp OK th n v v trn bn v l milimt
Hnh 14.1 Hnh 14.2
2) THNH LP N V O CHIU DI V O GC.

Bng cch gi lnh Units s xut hin hp thoi Drawing Units (hnh 14.2)
a) Khung length nh n v o chiu di
- Type Trong danh sch ny chn Decimal n v o chiu di l milimt
- Precision nh s ch thp phn sau phn nguyn
b) Khung angle nh n v o gc
- Type Trong danh sch ny chn Decimal n v o gc l thp phn
- Precision nh s ch thp phn sau phn nguyn
- Clockwise Nu chn nt ny th o gc dng l gc cng chiu kim ng h
3) NH GII HN BN V .
Trc khi v ta phi nh gii hn bn v c kch thc ln cha i tng cn biu din.
Trong AutoCAD2000 c ba lnh to gii hn bn v : lnh New; Limits, Mvsetup
y dng lnh New nh gii hn bn v:
- Gi lnh New xut hin hp thoi Create New Drawing (Hnh 14.1)
- Chn tab Use a Wizard s xut hin trang mi Use a Wizard (Hnh 14.3).
- Trong khung ca s Select a Wizard chn Quick Setup .
- Nhp OK s xut hin hp thoi Quick Setup (Hnh 14.4). Trong hp thoi ny ta chn n
v o l Decimal
- Nhp Next s xut hin trang mi nhm nh gii hn bn v (gi s 100A1= 84100,59400)
- Ta nhp chiu ngang ca gii hn bn v ti Width = 84100
- Nhp chiu ng ca gii hn bn v vo Length = 59400 (Hnh 14.5).
- Nhp Finish .
Sau khi thc hin cc lnh nh gii hn bn v, ta tin hnh gi lnh Zoom vi tu chn All
nhn thy c ton b gii hn bn v trn mn hnh:
Command: Z
- Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents
/Previous/Scale/Window] <real time>: A
Hnh 14.3 Hnh 14.4
Hnh 14.5 Hnh 14.6
4) TO CC LP V QUN L CC TNH CHT LP

Gi lnh La to cc lp i tng cn thit ri gn cc tnh cht mu (Color), dng ng
(Linetype), chiu rng nt in (lineweight), kiu in (Plotstyle) cho cc lp ny (xem li chng
10 - To v qun l cc tnh cht lp trn bn v ) .
5) NHP T L DNG NG CHO BN V

Gi lnh Ltscale nhp t l dng ng cho bn v, gi tr t l ny ph thuc vo gii hn
bn v. T l dng ng ny dng cho cc dng ng khng lin tc .
6) TO CC KIU CH CHO BN V
Gi lnh St to cc kiu ch , gn font v chiu cao cho ch, ... Chiu cao ca ch ph thuc
vo gii hn bn v (xem li chng 11 - Nhp vn bn vo bn v ) .
7) TO CC KIU KCH THC CHO BN V

Gi lnh D to cc kiu kch thc v gn cc bin kch thc cho cc kiu kch thc
nh: ng ging, ng kch thc, mi tn, chiu cao con s kch thc... (xem chng 13 -
Ghi v qun l cc kiu kch thc) .
8) V GII HN BN V V KHUNG TN
9) LU BN V BNG LNH SAVE

- Gi lnh Save xut hin hp thoi Save Drawing As
- Chn th mc lu l Template s xut hin th mc ny danh sch Save in
- Chn kiu lu Save as type l AutoCAD Drawing Template File (*.dwt)
- Nhp Save.
II. M BN V MU - V V LU I TNG
1) m bn v mu ta gi lnh New s xut hin hp thoi Create New Drawing (hnh 14.6)
- Chn tab Use a Template
- Trong danh sch ca Select a Template ta chn mt file bn v mu cn m
- Nhp OK - Lc ny nhng g ta to sn s sao chp ra ton b
2) V i tng trn bn v va sao chp ra.
3) Ri lu trong th mc AutoCAD2000 vi phn m rng .DWG
========================

Chng 15 CC LNH V 2
Trong chng 3 trnh by cc lnh v i tng n nh: Line, Arc, Circle ...; v cc lnh v
cc i tng phc nh: Spline, Pline, Polygon, Ellipe, Rectang, ... Ngoi ra ta cn c lnh
Mline v cc ng thng song song, lnh Sketch dng v pht tho bng tay,... Trong
chng ny ta s trnh by thm cc lnh v .
15.1 V NG THNG V HN HAI U (lnh Xline)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Draw \ Construction line Draw1 \ Xline Xline, Xl Draw
Lnh Xline dng v ng thng v hn hai u, khng dng ch truy bt im c i

vi ng Xline. Nu dng lnh Trim hoc Break xn mt u v hn th ng Xline tr
thnh tia na ng thng. Khi ct xn c hai u v hn th ng Xline tr thnh on thng,
lc ta c th dng phng thc truy bt im cho on thng ny.
Command: Xl
- Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: Chn im bt u (P1). (1)
- Specify through point: Chn im th hai m Xline s i qua (chn im P2 truy bt tm ca
ng trn) .
- Specify through point: Tip tc chn im m Xline s i qua hoc nhn Enter kt thc
(Hnh 15.1a) .
P2
P2
P1 P1 P2
P1
a) b) c)
Hnh 15.1
CC TU CHN TI (1)
Hor Khi p H (Horizontal) th Xline s v ng thng nm ngang (Hnh 15.1b).

Ver Khi p V (Vertical) th Xline s v ng thng thng ng (Hnh 15.1c).
Ang V ng thng Xline nghing so vi trc x mt gc m ta phi nhp vo.
Command: Xl
- Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: A
- Enter angle of xline (0) or [Reference]: 30 (Nhp gc nghing ca ng Xline1)
(Hnh 15.2a) (2)
- Specify through point: Chn im P3 m Xline i qua
- Specify through point: Chn tip im m Xline i qua hoc nhn Enter kt thc .
Tu chn Reference (R) ti (2) dng nhp gc nghing so vi ng tham chiu
Command: Xl
- Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: A
- Enter angle of xline (0) or [Reference]: R

- Select a line object: Chn ng thng P1P4 lm ng tham chiu
- Enter angle of xline <0>: 60 (nhp gc 600 nghing ca Xline2 so vi ng P1P4)
- Specify through point: Chn im P1 m Xline2 i qua (hnh 15.2a)
Hnh 15.2
Bisect V ng Xline 3 i qua phn gic ca mt gc.
Command: Xl
- Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: B
- Specify angle vertex point: Chn P1 lm nh gc (hnh 15.2b)
- Specify angle start point: Chn im P2 trn cnh th nht ca gc.
- Specify angle end point: Chn im P4 trn cnh th hai ca gc.
Offset V ng thng Xline 4 song song vi mt ng thng P1P4 c sn trn bn v.

Command: Xl
- Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: O
- Specify offset distance or [Through] <Through>: 20 (Nhp khong cch offset hoc nhp
T cho tu chn through)
- Select a line object: Chn i tng cn v song song (P1P4) - (Hnh 15.2c)
- Specify side to offset: Chn pha chp song song .
- Select a line object: kt thc
15.2 V TIA (lnh Ray)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Draw \ Ray DRAW1 \ Ray Ray Draw
Lnh Ray dng v tia (na ng thng), thng dng v hnh chiu cnh theo phng
php trnh by trong hnh hc ho hnh. Nu dng lnh Trim hoc Break xn mt u v
hn th ng Ray tr thnh ng Line.
Command: Ray
- Specify start point: Chn im bt u ca Ray (P1) .
- Specify through point: Chn im th hai m Ray i qua (P2)
- Specify through point: Tip tc chn im th hai m Ray i qua hoc nhn Enter kt
thc.(Hnh 15.3)
P2 Hnh 15.3
P1

15.4 V PHT THO (lnh Sketch)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
G lnh Toolbar
Sketch Miscellaneous
Lnh Sketch dng v pht tho bng tay (Freehand) tp hp nhiu on thng rt ngn,
thng dng lnh ny v ng ng mc trong xy dng, cy ci, chu cnh, bn , ch k
.v.v... Khi dng lnh Sketch v pht th dung lng file bn v rt ln .
Command: Sketch
- Record increment <1.0000>:Nhp gi tr bc tng ca phn on thng (hnh 15.4)
- Sketch . Pen eXit Quit Record Erase Connect: p ch hoa cho cc tu chn (3)
CC TU CHN TI (3)
Record increment Gi tr bc tng ca cc phn on thng, n quyt nh mn ca
ng Sketch , gi tr ny cng nh th mn cng tng (mc nh l 1).
Pen Khi nhp nt tri chut ln 1 th bt h xung (Pen down) v ta c th v, khi
nhp nt tri chut ln 2 th nng bt ln (pen up) dng vic v.
eXit Ghi li tt c cc ng v v thot ra khi lnh Sketch .
Quit Thot ra khi lnh Sketch v khng ghi li tt c cc ng v
Record Ghi li tt c cc ng v tm thi thnh cc ng c nh .
Erase Cho php xo mt phn ca ng bt u t v tr cui cng n mt im tu
ta chn trn dng Sketch.
Connect Cho php v ni im cui ca ng Sketch sau khi nht bt ln (pen up).
a) Increment = 0 .1
b) Increment = 10 (ORTHO OFF)
c) Increment = 10 ( ORTHO ON )
Hnh 15.4
Ch
Khi v pht tho bng lnh Sketch th trng thi ORTHO ch OFF.
15.5 V NHIU NG THNG SONG SONG (lnh Mline)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Draw \ Multiline Draw1 \ Mline Mline, Ml Draw
Lnh Mline (Multiline) dng v nhiu ng thng song song xut hin mt ln, mi ng
l mt thnh phn (element) ca Mline. Ti a to c 16 thnh phn .
Command: Ml
- Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 20.00, Style = STANDARD
- Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: Nhp im u ca Mline (4)
- Specify next point: Nhp im tip theo ca Mline


Justification nh v tr canh l lm chun ca thnh phn ca Mline so vi ng tm
- Top Canh l lm chun theo thnh phn ca Mline nm bn tri hng v
- Zero Canh l lm chun theo thnh phn ca Mline nm tm hng v
- Bottom Canh l lm chun theo thnh phn ca Mline nm bn phi hng v
(Hnh 15.5).
Khoang cach offset dng
k= + 0.5
Top offset element
Hng ve Zero offset element
k = - 0.5
Bottom offset element
Khoang cach offset m
Hnh 15.5
Ch
- Nu kch thc trn hnh v ghi thnh phn bn tri hng v th ta chn canh l Justification l
Top (hnh 15.6a)
- Nu kch thc ghi thnh phn bn phi hng v th ta chn canh l Bottom (hnh 15.6b)
- Nu kch thc ghi thnh phn tm hng v th ta chn canh l Zero (hnh 15.6c)
a) b) c)
Hnh 15.6
Scale nh t l cho khong cch gia cc thnh phn ca mt Mline

- Nu Mline ch c hai thnh phn bin th t l Scale ca Mline nn c nhp bng
khong cch D gia hai ng thng song song cho trn hnh v .
Scale = D (1')
V d
Nu khong cch gia hai ng thng song song trn hnh v cho D = 220mm
th phi nhp Scale = 220.
- Nu Mline c thm hai thnh phn mi na v gi khong cch chp song song gia
mi thnh phn mi ny n thnh phn ng tm l k th cc thnh phn mi ny
cng cng Scale nh hai thnh phn bin ngoi cng c chn.
Gi D' l khong cch gia hai ng thng song song mi i xng qua ng tm
cho trn hnh v. Th gia D', k v Scale ca Mline c tnh theo cng thc sau:
(2')
D' = Scale x (2k) = 2kD
T cng thc (2') ta xc nh c khong cch chp song song k t mi thnh phn
mi n ng tm c tnh theo cng thc sau:
D'
k= (3')
2.D
Gi tr ca k v -k c nhp vo Offset ca hp thoi Element Properties

(Hnh 15.11)
Style Chn kiu ng Mline to

P3
P4
V D
S dng lnh Mline hy v li (hnh 15.7). P10
P9
Gi s hng v bt u i t P1 ri n P2, P3,

P4, P5, P6; ri sau i t P8, P9, P10 ta thc
hin vic thit lp nh sau : P8 P7
P1 P5
P2 P6
Hnh 15.7
Command: Ml
Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 20.00, Style = STANDARD
- Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: S ( chn li t l)
- Enter mline scale <20.00>: 220 (Nhp t l mi bng khong cch D)
- Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: J ( nh li canh l chun)
- Enter justification type [Top/Zero/Bottom] <top>: T (Canh l bn tri hng v)
- Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: Chn im P1.
- Specify next point: 1000 - Nhp trc tip - im P2
- Specify next point or [Undo]: 4600 - Nhp trc tip - cho im P3
- Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 7000 - Nhp trc tip - cho im P4
- Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Command: Ml
- Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: J ( nh li canh l chun)
- Enter justification type [Top/Zero/Bottom] <top>: B (Canh l bn phi hng v)
Current settings: Justification = Bottom, Scale = 220.00, Style = STANDARD
- Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: fro of (phng thc truy bt From)
- Base point: Truy bt m P7 lm chun
- <Offset>: @-3000,0 ; nhp im P8 cn xc nh
- Specify next point: 3000 - Nhp trc tip - cho im P9
- Specify next point or [Undo]: 2200 - Nhp trc tip - cho im P10
- Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: - Kt thc
15.6 TO V GN TNH CHT CHO KIU MLINE (lnh Mlstyle)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :

Format \ Multiline Style... DRAW1 \ Mline\Mlstyle: Mlstyle
Lnh Mlstyle dng to kiu Mline v gn tnh cht cho kiu Mline. Sau khi gi lnh s xut
hin hp thoi Multiline Styles (Hnh 15.8) .
TRNH T THC HIN NH SAU:

1) T TN MI CHO KIU MLINE
- Bi chn ch Standard Name
- Go tn mi ML5 cho kiu Mline 5 thnh phn.
- Nhp nt Add th kiu ML5 s thm vo danh sch ca Current pha trn v tr thnh kiu
hin hnh ca danh sch ny; (Hnh 15.9) .
Hnh 15.8 Hnh 15.9
2) GN CC TNH CHT CHO KIU MLINE VA TO

a) Nt Element Properties...
Khi chn nt ny s xut hin hp thoi Element Properties (Hnh 15.10). Trn hp thoi ny ta
nh ngha cc thnh phn ca mt kiu Mline va t tn ri gn tnh cht cho cc thnh phn
ca Mline nh sau:
Hnh 15.10 Hnh 15.11
- Nhp nt Add thm mt thnh phn 0.0 vo danh sch khung ca s ca Mline
v thnh phn ny ang c chn.
- Ti offset ta nhp khong cch k cho mi thnh phn so vi ng tm. Gi tr k c tnh
theo cng thc (3') nu tr;, gi s y ta nhp s tu : k = 0.4
- Nhp nt Add tr li gn gi tr k va nhp cho thnh phn 0.0 trn. Lc ny xut hin
thm mt thnh phn 0.0 mi (hnh 15.11)
- Gn mu cho thnh phn c chn: Nn chn mu theo Bylayer (hoc nhp nt Color... s
xut hin hp thoi Select Color y ta chn mu cn gn cho thnh phn ri OK).
- Gn dng ng cho thnh phn c chn : Nn chn dng ng theo Bylayer (hoc nhp
nt Linetype... s xut hin hp thoi Select Linetype, nhp tip nt Load... s xut hin hp
thoi Load or Reload Linetype, trong hp thoi ny ta chn loi ng cn ti. Nhp OK ri
chn li dng ng va ti, nhp tip OK tr v hp thoi Element Properties)
- Tng t, chn thnh phn cn li 0.0 ri gn cc tnh cht cho n nh: k = - 0.4,...
- xo mt thnh phn tha ra khi danh sch cc thnh phn trong ca s, ta chn thnh
phn ri nhp nt Delete
- Nhp nt OK s tr v hp thoi ban u Multiline Styles, trong hp thoi ny hin th hnh
nh ca cc thnh phn va to cho kiu ML5 (hnh 15.12)
b) Nt Multiline Properties...
Khi chn nt ny s xut hin hp thoi Multiline Properties (Hnh 15.13). Trn hp thoi ny ta
nh dng cc nh v cc u mt ca ng Mline
Hnh 15.12 Hnh 15.13
CC TU CHN TRONG HP THOI MULTILINE PROPERTIES

Display Joints Nu khng chn nt ny th ti cc nh ca ng Mline khng c on
thng ni cc nh ca cc thnh phn (Hnh 15.14a); nu chn th ti cc
nh ca cc thnh phn ca ng Mline c on thng ni (Hnh 15.14b) .
a) Khng chn Display Joints b) Chn Display Joints

Hnh 15.14
Caps. nh dng im u v im cui ca ng Mline bng cch nh du

chn vo cc vung di ct Start v End (Hnh 15.15 a,b,c,d,e) .
Fill T mu nn cho ng Mline khi chn nt Fill on (Hnh 15.15f) .
OK S tr v hp thoi Miltiline Styles vi cc tnh cht va gn xong cho kiu

ML5 (hnh 15.16)

a) No Caps b) Line Caps (Start, End)
c) Outer Arc (Start, End) d) Inner Arc (Start, End)
e) Inner - Outer Arc (Start, End) f) Fill = ON, Outer Arc (Start, End)
Hnh 15.15
Hnh 15.16 Hnh 15.17
3) GHI MT KIU MLINE THNH FILE

Sau khi to kiu Mline v gn tnh cht cho kiu. s dng kiu ny lu di khng nhng cho
bn v hin hnh m cn cho cc bn v sau ny, ta nn ghi kiu to thnh file vi mt tn
tng ng (nh ML5...) bng cch :
- Nhp nt Save... xut hin hp thoi Save Miltiline Style (hnh 15.17)
- t tn file ML5 vo File name , ch kiu lu (Save as type) l *. mln
- Nhp nt Save
4) TI KIU MLINE GHI THNH FILE

ti mt kiu Mline ghi thnh file ta thc hin nh sau:
- Gi lnh Mlstyle xut hin hp thoi Multiline Styles
- Nhp nt Load... s xut hin hp thoi Load Multiline Styles (hnh 15.18), trong hp thoi
ny ch c mt kiu file mc nh l STANDARD.
- Nhp nt File... s xut hin hp thoi Load Multiline Style From File (hnh 15.19). Trong
hp thoi ny ta chn tn file cn ti (v d chn ML5)
- Nhp Open s tr v hp thoi Load Multiline Styles c tn ML5 ca kiu file va ti
Hnh 15.18 Hnh 15.19

- Nhp OK ng hp thoi Load Multiline Styles

- Nhp OK thot khi hp thoi Multiline Styles
Nh vy ku ML5 ti ra bn v hin hnh, ta c th s dng lnh Mline v.
V D
S dng lnh Mline vi kiu ML5 va ti v (hnh 15.20)
P1 P2
hnh 15.20
P4 P3
HIU CHNH CC THNH PHN k CA ML5 TO SN
- T khong cch gia hai ng bin cho D= 420 nn ta nhp Scale = 420
- T khong cch D' = 300 cho trn (hnh 15.20), theo cng thc (3') ta tnh c khong
cch k ca thnh phn bin mi n ng tm nh sau:
k = D'/ (2 x Scale) = 300/ (2 x 420) = 0.357
- Hy thay i gi tr k= 0.4 to sn thnh k= 0.375, trnh t thc hin nh sau:
1. Gi lnh Mlstyle s xut hin hp thoi Multiline Styles.

2. Ti kiu ML5 (hnh 15.21); [cch ti va trnh by trn]
3. Chn nt Element Properties... lm xut hin hp thoi Element Properties (hnh15.22).
- Chn thnh phn 0.4 to sn ca kiu ML5 hiu chnh thnh 0.357
- Ti Offset ta nhp 0.357 ri nhp nt Add.
- Chn thnh phn - 0.4 to sn ca kiu ML5 hiu chnh thnh - 0.357
- Ti Offset ta nhp - 0.357 ri nhp nt Add.
- Chn hai thnh phn tha 0.0 my t to ri nhp nt Delete xo.
4. Nhp OK s ng hp thoi Multiline Styles .
Hnh 15.21 Hnh 15.22
5. Gi lnh Mline v (hnh 15.20)

Command: Ml
Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 20.00, Style = ML5
- Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: S

- Enter mline scale <20.00>: 420

Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 420.00, Style = ML5
- Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: J
- Enter justification type [Top/Zero/Bottom] <top>: Z (v kch thc c ghi theo ng
tm)
Current settings: Justification = Zero, Scale = 420.00, Style = ML5
- Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: Chn im P1.
- Specify next point: <Ortho on> 3600 (Nhp trc tip - cho im P2)
- Specify next point or [Undo]: 3000 (Nhp trc tip - cho im P3)
- Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3600 (Nhp trc tip - cho im P4)
- Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C - hnh v xong !!
15.7 HU CHNH NG MLINE V (lnh Mledit)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Modify \ Multiline... MODIFY1 \ Mledit Mledit Modify2
Lnh Mledit dng hiu chnh ng Mline v. Sau khi gi lnh s xut hin hp thoi
Multiline Edit Tools (Hnh 15.23). Trong hp thoi ny c 12 mu khc nhau hiu chnh
ng Mline v c chia thnh 4 nhm ct. Ta chn 1 trong 12 mu khc nhau hiu chnh
Hnh 15.23
1) NHM CT 1 - CH THP (CROSSES)
Chn 1 trong 3 mu khc nhau hp thoi Multiline Edit Tools hiu chnh thnh dng ch
thp (Crosses): Closed cross, Open cross, Merged cross (Hnh 15.25) .
ML1 ML1 ML1

ML2 ML2 ML2
5 Elements Open cross Merged cross

Closed cross
a) Trc khi hiu chnh b) Sau khi hiu chnh Closed, Open, Merged
Hnh 15.24
Trnh t thc hin vic hiu chnh nh sau:
- Chn mu cn hiu chnh trn nhm ct th nht ca hp thoi (hnh 15.23).
- Nhp OK s xut hin dng nhc sau :
+ Select first mline: Chn ng Mline th nht (ML1) .
+ Select second mline: Chn ng Mline th hai (ML2) .
+ Select first mline or [Undo]: Tip tc chn cp ng Mline th nht v th hai khc
hiu chnh hoc nhn Enter kt thc (hnh 15.24b).
2) NHM CT 2 - CH T (TEES)
Chn 1 trong 3 mu khc nhau hp thoi Multiline Edit Tools hiu chnh thnh dng ch T
(Tees) : Closed Tee, Open Tee, Merged Tee (Hnh 15.25) .
ML2 ML2 ML2

ML1 ML1 ML1
5 Elements Closed Tee Open Tee Merged Tee
a) Trc khi hiu chnh b) Sau khi hiu chnh Closed, Open, Merged
Hnh 15.25
Ch
Khi hiu chnh ch T, ti dng " Select first mline " ta chn chn ch T trc sau mi chn cnh
Trnh t thc hin vic hiu chnh nh mc trn.
3) NHM CT 3
a) To gc (Corners)
Chn mu th nht trong nhm ct 3 ca hp thoi Multiline Edit Tools hiu chnh thnh cc
dng gc khc nhau (Corners) (Hnh 15.26) bng cch chn hai cnh ca gc
Trnh t thc hin vic hiu chnh tng t nh trn. Cnh no ca Mline c chn th cnh
c gi li to thnh gc.
ML1
ML2
5 Elements Corner
a) Trc khi hiu chnh b) Sau khi hiu chnh
Hnh 15.26
b) Thm nh (Add Vertex)
Dng thm nh mi cho ng Mline (hnh 15.27).
5 element Add Vertex

a) Trc khi thm nh b) Sau khi thm nh
Hnh 15.27
TRNH T THC HIN THM NH NH SAU
- Chn mu th hai trong nhm ct 3 ca hp thoi Multiline Edit Tools thm nh mi
cho Mline, s xut hin dng nhc sau :
- Select Multiline: Chn Mline v im chn s tr thnh nh mi ca Mline

- Select Multiline (or Undo): Nhn Enter kt thc vic chn (Hnh 15.27).
- Command: Chn li Mline cn to nh, s xut hin cc GRIPS mu xanh trn i tng .
- Command: Cn to nh ti xanh no trn Mline th ta chn xanh , lc ny s xut hin
mu (Hot Grips) dnh vi giao im ca hai si tc. Di chuyn giao im ca hai si tc
n v tr no th Mline s to nh ti v tr
c) Xo nh (Delete Vertex)
TRNH T THC HIN XO NH NH SAU :

- Chn mu th ba trong nhm ct 3 ca hp thoi Multiline Edit Tools xo nh ca
Mline, s xut hin dng nhc sau :
- Select Multiline: Chn Mline, s xo nh tr thnh thng (Hnh 15.28).
- Select Multiline (or Undo): Chn tip Mline xo nh hoc nhn Enter kt thc .
a) Trc khi xo nh b) Sau khi xo nh
Hnh 15.28
4) NHM CT 4 (Ct Mline)
Nhm ct 4 gm c 3 mu
Cut Single Dng ct tng ng thnh phn ca Mline bng cch chn hai im P1, P2
trn cng mt thnh phn
Cut All Dng ct tt c cc ng thnh phn ca Mline bng cch chn hai im
P1; P2 trn mt thnh phn ca Mline (Hnh 15.29) .
Weld All Dng hn tt c cc ng ca Mline ct, bng cch chn hai im P1,P2
trn thnh phn ca Mline b ct (Hnh 15.30) .
Sau khi chn mt trong hai mu u ca nhm ct 4 hp thoi Multiline Edit Tools hiu
chnh, s xut hin dng nhc sau :
- Select mline: Chn ng mline cn ct v im chn ny s im u tin ca on ct (P1).
- Select second point: Nhp im th hai P2 ca on ct tng i so vi P1.
P1 P2 P1 P2
2 Element
P1 P2 P1 P2
3 Element P1 P2
P1 P2 P1 P2
P1 P2
P1 P2
5 Element a) Cut b) Cut
a) Trc khi hiu chnh b) Sau khi hiu chnh ct

Hnh 15.29

P1 P2
P1 P2
a) Trc khi hn b) Sau khi hn Weld All

Hnh 15.30.
15. 8 CC PHP TON I S BOOLE

to ra cc hnh dng 2D mong mun ta c th dng php ton i s Boole i vi cc i
tng to min. u tin ta chuyn cc i tung 2D thnh min (lnh Region), sau thc
hin cc php ton i s Boole: Hp (lnh Union), Hiu (lnh Subtract), Giao (lnh Intersect)
15.8.1 TO MIN (lnh Region)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Draw \ Region DRAW2 \ Region Region, Reg Draw
Lnh Region dng chuyn cc i tng 2D thnh min. to c min th cc i tng

2D c v bi cc lnh Line, Pline, Spline... l mt hnh kn khng t giao nhau (Hnh 15.28a),
cc hnh kn t giao nhau hoc h th khng to c min (Hnh 15.31b) .
a) Cac i tng tao c min
b) Cc i tng khng to oc min
Hnh 15.31
Command: Reg
- Select objects: Chn i tng cn to thnh min .
- Select objects: Tip tc chn i tng hoc nhn Enter kt thc .
15.8.2 HP CC MIN (lnh Union)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Modify \ Solids Editing> Union MODIFY2 \ Union Uni Modfy2
Lnh Union dng hp cc min thnh min thnh phn. u tin thc hin lnh Region
chuyn cc i tng thnh min, sau thc hin lnh Union .
Command: Uni
- Select objects: Chn cc min thnh phn (c hai ng trn) (Hnh 15.32)
- Select objects: Tip tc chn cc min thnh phn hoc nhn Enter kt thc .

a) Trc Union b) Sau Union

Hnh 15.32
15.8.3 HIU CC MIN (lnh Subtract)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Modify \ Solids Editing > Subtract MODIFY2 \ Subtract Su Modfy2
Lnh Subtract dng hiu cc min. u tin thc hin lnh Region chuyn cc i tng
thnh min, sau thc hin lnh Subtract .
Command: Su
Select solids and regions to subtract from ...
- Select objects: Chn min b tr (ng trn 1) (Hnh 15.33)
- Select objects:
Select solids and regions to subtract...
- Select objects: Chn min tr (ng trn 2)
- Select objects:
1
2
a) Trc khi Subtract b) Sau khi Subtract

Hnh 15.33
15.8.4 GIAO CC MIN (lnh Intersect)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Modify \ Solids Editing > Intersect MODIFY2 \ Intersect In Modfy2
Lnh Intersect dng giao cc min thnh min. u tin thc hin lnh Region chuyn
cc i tng thnh min, sau thc hin lnh Intersect .
1
2
a ) Trc Intersect b ) Sau Interrsect

Hnh 15.34 Hnh 15.35

Command: In
- Select objects: Chn min thnh phn (ng trn 1) (Hnh 15.34)
- Select objects: Tip tc chn min thnh phn khc (ng trn 2).
- Select objects: Tip tc chn min thnh phn hoc nhn Enter kt thc
15.9 TO NG BAO PLINE KN V CC MIN (lnh Boundary)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Draw\Boundary... DRAW 2 \ Boundary Boundary, bo Draw
Lnh Boundary dng to ng bao Pline (hoc region) c hnh dng l mt ng bao kn
t cc i tng c sn trn bn v, cc i tng gc khng b mt i. ng Boundary bao
gm cc i tng kn bn trong nh: circle hoc pline kn.
Command: Bo
- S xut hin hp thoi Boundary Creation (Hnh 15.35);
- Nhp nt Pick point s xut hin dng nhc lnh:
- Select internal point: Chn im P1 nm bn trong min kn cn to ng bao cha n.
- Select internal point:
Tip theo thc hin lnh Copy (hoc Move) sao chp hoc di ng bao va to n
v tr mi ta thu c mt a tuyn kn
Command: Co
- Select objects: Chn ng Boundary va to - hnh nt t (hnh 15.36a) .
- Select objects:
- Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: Chn im chun tu .
- Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: nhp to im
sao chp n (hnh 15.36b).
a) To Boundary b) Sau khi Copy hoc Move

Hnh 15.36
=======================

Chng 16 TO KHI & THUC TNH

TM THIT K
Trong bn v k thut c nhiu nhm i tng ging nhau, chng hn nh: ai c, bulng,
vt..., ca ra vo, ca s, bn tm, lavabo, ...; t in, in tr,... gim thi gian cho vic v i
v li cc thnh phn ca nhm, ngi ta ch v cc thnh phn ca nhm ny mt ln ri lin
kt chng thnh mt khi duy nht bng lnh Block (hoc Bmake); sau s dng lnh Insert
(hoc Ddinsert) chn khi ny ra mt v tr bt k trong bn v hin hnh vi t l theo cc
phng trc X,Y khc nhau v c th quay khi va chn quanh im chn mt gc thch hp.
chn mt khi (Block) hoc mt s i tng (objects) ca bn v hin hnh vo mt bn v
bt k khc sau ny - th ta phi ghi (xut) khi hoc cc i tng trn bn v hin hnh
thnh file bng cch s dng lnh Wblock hoc Export; sau chn file bn v ny vo bt k
bn v no khc ang m bng cch s dng lnh Insert.
16.1 TO KHI (lnh Block, Bmake) .

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Draw \ Block>\ Bmake... Draw2 \ Bmake Bmake, B, Block Draw
Lnh Block (Bmake) dng lin kt cc i tng v ring l thnh mt khi. Sau khi gi lnh
s xut hin hp thoi Block Definition (Hnh 16.1)
P
im chun
Hnh 16.2
Hnh 16.1
TRNH T TO KHI
1) Nhp tn khi (CUA) vo son tho Name; tn khi khng c di qu 255 k t bao gm
ch s, du, khong trng v cc k t c bit.
2) Chn im chun chn trn khi.
- Nhp nt Pick Point lc ny hp thoi mt v xut hin dng nhc sau :
- Insertion base point: Chn im P trn i tng to khi lm im chun chn (hnh 16.2)
Lc ny xut hin hp thoi Block Definition v hin th to im chn P cc X, Y,Z bn
tri pha di nt Pick Point (Hnh 16.3).
3) Chn cc i tng to thnh khi:
- Nhp nt Select objects lc ny hp thoi mt v xut hin dng nhc sau :
- Select objects: Chn cc i tng to thnh khi (chn c hnh 16.2).
- Select objects: S xut hin hp thoi Block Definition tr li .
4) Nhp nt OK kt thc vic to khi
CC NT TU CHN KHC
a) KHUNG OBJECTS
Retain Tn ti i tng chn trn mn hnh sau khi to thnh khi
Convert to block Lin kt cc i tng chn thnh mt nhm sau khi to thnh khi.
Delete Xo i tng chn sau khi to thnh khi
Nt Quick select Hin th hp thoi Quick Select dng chn nhanh .
Hnh 16.3
b) KHUNG XEM TRC BIU TNG - PREVIEW ICON

- Do Not include an icon Khng to ra hnh nh biu tng ca khi.
- Create icon from block geometry To ra hnh nh biu tng ca khi.
c) DANH SCH N V CHN - INSERT UNITS

Chn n v cho khi (block) trong trng hp khi c s thay i t l khi ko t th vin
AutoCAD Design center vo bn v
d) CA S M T - DESCRIPTION
Nhp cc dng m t v lin kt vi block c nh ngha
Ch
C th to khi bng cch dng lnh -Block (- B) sau:
Command: -B
- Enter block name or [?]: Nhp tn khi (CUA)
- Specify insertion base point: Xc nh im chun chn trn i tng cn to khi (P)
- Select objects: Chn i tng to thnh khi.
- Select objects: Chn tip i tng to thnh khi hoc nhn Enter kt thc
Lc ny i tng to thnh khi khng cn thy trn mn hnh na.
16.2 CHN KHI (lnh Insert, Ddinsert)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Insert \ Block... INSERT \ DdInsert Insert, I , DdInsert Draw
Lnh Insert (Ddinsert) dng chn khi (Block) vo mt v tr bt k trn bn v hin hnh
vi t l tu v quay xung quanh mt im chn mt gc tu . Khi gi lnh Insert (Ddinsert)
s xut hn hp thoi Insert (Hnh 16.4) .

Hnh 16.4 Hnh 16.5
TRNH T CHN KHI

1. Gi lnh Insert xut hin hp thoi Insert (hnh 16.4)
2. Nhp tn khi (Block) hoc tn file cn chn vo ca s Name. (Nu khng nh tn khi
(Block) hoc tn file, ta c th nhp vo nt Browse... s xut hin hp thoi Select Drawing
File (Hnh.16.5).
- Ta chn tn file cn m chn.
- Nhp nt Open s tr v hp thoi Insert vi y ng dn ca file ny Path
3. Nhp to (X,Y) ca im chn, thng chn trn mn hnh nn trn khung Insertion point
ta nh du chn vo nt Specify On Screen
4. T l chn theo cc phng X,Y c th khc nhau v nhp ti cc X, Y, Z ca khung Scale.
Nu mun nhp trn dng nhc lnh th nh du chn vo Specify On Screen
Nt Uniform Scale Dng nhp gi tr t l nh nhau theo cc phng trc to X,Y,Z.
Bng cch ch cn nhp gi tr t l i din theo phng trc X
5. Gc quay khi khi chn ra bn v c th nhp ti Angle ca khung Rotation. Nn chn
gc quay trn mn hnh bng cch nh du chn vo Specify On Screen
6. Mun phn r cc i tng sau khi chn th ta chn nt Explode gc tri bn di ca
hp thoi Insert
7. Nhp OK ng hp thoi Insert. Lc ny trn ca s lnh xut hin dng nhc:
- Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: chn im chn
- Specify rotation angle <0>: nhp gc quay khi chn quay im chn n.
Ch
- Nu h s t l theo phng X< 0 th khi chn s i xng qua trc tung i qua im chn .
- Nu h s t l theo phng Y< 0 th khi chn s i xng qua trc honh i qua im chn.
V d
S dng lnh Block to khi CUA (hnh 16.6a) ri s dng lnh Insert chn vo cc v tr
A,B,C,D,E nh (hnh 16.6b) sau s dng lnh Aligned lp kht vo cc l (hnh 16.6c).
- V tr im chn A c h s t l theo trc X= 1,Y= 1; nhp gc quay = 0 (hoc chn im P1)

- V tr im chn B c h s t l theo trc X= -1,Y= 1; nhp gc quay = 90 (hoc chn im P2)
- V tr im chn C c h s t l theo trc X= -1,Y= 1; nhp gc quay = 180 (hoc chn im P3)
- V tr im chn D c h s t l theo trc X= -1,Y= 1; nhp gc quay = -90 (hoc chn im P4)
- V tr im chn E c h s t l theo trc X= 1,Y= -1; nhp gc quay chn im P5

a) b) c)
Hnh 16.6
16.3 CHN KHI THEO MNG CH NHT (lnh Minsert)

Lnh Minsert dng chn khi v sao chp khi thnh mng hnh ch nht vi s hng v s
ct ta phi nhp vo.
Command: Minsert
- Enter block name or [?] <CUA>: Nhp tn khi cn chn.
- Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: Chn im
chn n.
- Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: Nhp h s t l theo
phng X
- Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: Nhp h s t l theo phng Y hoc nhn Enter
nhn h s t l mc nh Y = X
- Specify rotation angle <0>: Nhp gc quay ca mng khi chn so vi im chn .
- Enter number of rows (---) <1>: Nhp s hng ca mng (2 hng)
- Enter number of columns (|||) <1>: Nhp s ct ca mng.(3 ct)
- Enter distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): Nhp khong cch gia cc hng
(1500)
- Specify distance between columns (|||): Nhp khong cch gia cc ct (1600)
Trn (hnh 16.7) s dng lnh Minsert chn khi CUA vi 2 hng 3 ct .
Hnh 16.7
16.4 CHN KHI TI CC IM CHIA (lnh Divide, Measure)

Hai lnh ny trnh by chng 3- cc lnh v c bn
16.4.1 LNH DIVIDE, DIV

Dng chia i tng ra lm n phn bng nhau, ti mi im chia l Block

V d
Trong bn v kh A3, cho on thng ng c chiu cao 3mm (hnh 16.8a) v on thng c
chiu di 90mm (hnh 16.8b). Hy to block c tn Han cho on thng 3mm ri dng lnh
Divide chn khi vo on 90mm c hnh (hnh 16.8c)
a) b) c)
Hnh 16.8
Command: Div
- Select object to divide: Chn on thng cn chia (on 90mm)
- Enter the number of segments or [Block]: B (s dng la chn Block)
- Enter name of block to insert: Han (nhp tn khi cn chn)
- Align block with object? [Yes/No] <Y>: (quay khi theo i tng khng ? thng l
quay)
- Enter the number of segments: 30 (Nhp s on cn chia: 30 =90/3)
16.4.2 LNH MEASURE, ME

Dng chia i tng ra lm nhiu phn bng nhau c chiu di cho trc, ti mi im chia l
khi
V d
Trong bn v kh A3, cho i tng (hnh 16.9a) v on ng cong (hnh 16.9b). Hy to
khi c tn Tluy cho i tng (hnh 16.9a) ri dng lnh Measure chn khi vo on
ng cong (hnh 16.9b) c hnh (hnh 16.9c)
a) b) c)
Hnh 16.9
Command: Me
- Select object to measure: Chn on cong cn chia
- Specify length of segment or [Block]: B
- Enter name of block to insert: Tluy (nhp tn ca block cn chn)
- Align block with object ? [Yes/No] <Y>: (C quay block khi chn khng)
- Specify length of segment: 6 (nhp chiu di mi on chia 6mm l khong cch gia hai
khi)
16.5 GHI KHI, I TNG THNH FILE (lnh Wblock, W)
Lnh Wblock (Write block to file) dng ghi mt khi (block); hoc ton b bn v hoc mt
s i tng ca bn v hin hnh thnh mt file bn v mi. Khi ghi thnh file phi nm
trong bn v hin hnh. C th chn file bn v c to bng lnh Wblock ny vo bt k file
bn v no khc ang m.
Command: W
Khi gi lnh s xut hin hp thoi Write Block (Hnh 16.10).
Hnh 16.10 Hnh 16.11
16.5.1 GHI KHI THNH FILE

Trnh t ghi khi thnh file nh sau:
- Gi lnh W s xut hin hp thoi Write Block (Hnh 16.10).
- Trn khung Source nh du vo chn nt block
- Trn danh sch ko xung ca khung source, chn khi "Han" to cn ghi thnh file. Lc
ny tn ca khi "Han" va chn s hin ln danh sch File name ca khung Destination
- Ta c th t li tn file vo son tho File name ca khung Destination.
- V tr ng dn ca file Location (C:\Program Files\ACAD2000), nu mun chn li
ng dn khc th nhp vo nt [...] cui dng Location
- Chn n v chn danh sch ko xung Insert units: Millimeters (Hnh 16.10)
- Nhp OK kt thc lnh Wblock
16.5.2 GHI C BN V HIN HNH THNH FILE

Trnh t ghi c bn v hin hnh thnh file nh sau:
- Gi lnh Wblock s xut hin hp thoi Write Block (Hnh 16.10).
- Trn khung Source chn nt Entire drawing
- Nhp tn file vo son tho File name ca khung Destination
- Nhp OK kt thc lnh Wblock
16.5.3 GHI MT S I TNG CA BN V HIN HNH THNH FILE

Trnh t ghi mt s i tng ca bn v hin hnh thnh file nh sau:
- Gi lnh Wblock s xut hin hp thoi Write Block (Hnh 16.10).
- Trn khung Source chn nt Objects (Hnh 16.11)
- Nhp nt Pick point chn im chun chn, tng t nh khi to bock
- Nhp nt Select objects chn cc i tng to thnh file
- Nhp tn file vo son tho File name ca khung Destination
- Nhp OK
Ngoi ra ta c th s dng lnh Export xut khi hoc cc i tng ca bn v hin hnh
thnh file nh sau:
16.6 XUT KHI, I TNG THNH FILE (lnh Export)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
File \ Export... FILE \ Export Export
Lnh Export xut khi hoc cc i tng ca bn v hin hnh thnh file. Trnh t thc hin
nh sau:
- Gi lnh Export s xut hin hp thoi Export Data (Hnh 16.12).
- Chn kiu lu danh sch ko xung Save as type : Block (*.dwg)
- Nhp tn file vo son tho File name : CUA
- Nhp nt Save s xut hin dng nhc:
- Enter name of existing block or [= (block = output file) / * (whole drawing)] <define new
drawing>: (1)
Hnh 16.12
C BA TRNG HP
1) Nu tn file CUA va t trng vi tn khi to th ti dng (1) ta nhp du bng ( = ).
2) Nu tn file CUA va t khc vi tn khi to. C hai trng hp xy ra:
- Nu ti dng (1) ta nhp du du hoa th ri nhn enter (* ) lc ny tt c cc i tng
trn bn v hin hnh c ghi thnh file CUA
- Nu ti dng (1) ta nhn enter ( ) th ta c th ghi mt s i tng trn bn v hin hnh
thnh file CUA v cc dng nhc sau s xut hin:
+ Specify insertion base point : Chn im chun chn
+ Select objects: Chn i tng cn ghi thnh file CUA
+ Select objects: Chn tip i tng cn ghi thnh file CUA hoc nhn Enter kt thc
Lc ny i tng cn to thnh file CUA khng cn thy trn mn hnh. Ta c th chn file
CUA ny vo bt k file bn v no khc sau ny.
16.7 HIU CHNH KHI (lnh properties, ch, mo, ctrl+1)

Trnh t thc hin vic hiu chnh block nh sau:
1. Chn khi cn hiu chnh s xut hin Grips mu xanh trn i
tng.
2. Gi lnh Properties s xut hin hp thoi Properties - Drawing1
(hnh 16.13), trong hp thoi ny ta c th thay i:
+ Mu (color)
+ Lp (layer)
+ Dng ng (Linetype)
+ Chiu rng nt (Lineweight)
+ To im chn (Position X,Y)
+ T l chn theo cc trc (Scale X,Y,Z)
+ Tn lp (Name)
Hnh 16.13
+ Gc quay khi (Rotation)

16.8 THUC TNH CA KHI
Thuc tnh ca khi (Attribute) l mt thnh phn ca khi l cc dng ch hoc s i km
vi khi m t khi. Mt khi c th c nhiu thuc tnh. Khi chn cc khi c thuc tnh vo
bn v AutoCAD; yu cu gn cc gi tr cho cc bin v n xut hin cng vi khi c chn.
Trong bn v c kh ngi ta thng dng thuc tnh ghi nhm b mt, sai lch hnh dng
v v tr, nh s ch v tr chi tit, ...Trong bn v xy ngi ta thng dng thuc tnh ghi
cc k hiu: Cao trnh, ca, bn gh, k hiu mt ct ca bn v kt cu thp,...
16.8.1 TO THUC TNH CA KHI (lnh Attdef, Att)

Cc bc to v chn khi km theo thuc tnh nh sau:
1. u tin ta v cc i tng to thnh khi
2. Sau dng lnh Attdef (hoc Att) nh thuc tnh trn i tng cn to khi.
3. S dng lnh block to khi cho c i tng ln thuc tnh
4. S dng lnh Insert chn khi cng vi thuc tnh vo trong bn v hin hnh
Command: Att
Sau khi gi lnh s xut hin hp thoi Attribute Definition (hnh 16.14)
B
a) b)
Hnh 16.14
Hnh 16.15
TRNH T TO THUC TNH
Khung Mode Hu nh cc ch trong khung ny t khi chn
Khung Attribute
+ Tag Nhp tn bin thuc tnh (NHAM)
+ Prompt Nhp dng nhc ca bin thuc tnh (Do nham)
+ Value Gn gi tr mc nh cho thuc tnh (0)
Khung Insertion point

+ Pick Point Nhp nt ny chn v tr im chn P (hnh16.15a) ca thuc tnh trn
i tng cn to khi.
Khung Text Options Thit lp v tr canh l, kiu ch, chiu cao v gc nghing ca dng
vn bn thuc tnh
+ Justification Xc nh v tr canh l ca vn bn thuc tnh (left)
+ Text Style Xc nh kiu vn bn cho thuc tnh (Standard)

+ Height Nhp gi tr chiu cao ca vn bn thuc tnh (5) (hnh 16.14) hoc chn nt
Height nhp chiu cao ca thuc tnh dng lnh trn mn hnh
+ Rotation Nhp gi tr gc nghing ca vn bn thuc tnh (0) hoc chn nt Rotation
nhp gc nghing ca thuc tnh dng lnh
Nhp OK cho (hnh 16.15b)
16.8.2 TO KHI CHO C I TNG CNG THUC TNH (lnh BLOCK, B)

- Gi lnh BLOCK s xut hin hp thoi Block Definition (hnh 16.16)
- t tn khi Dnham vo danh sch Name
- Nhp nt Pick point chn im chun chn trn khi, lc ny hp thoi khng xut hin.
+ Specify insertion base point: Chn im B lm im chun chn (hnh 16.15b)
- Nhp nt Select objects chn i tng, lc ny hp thoi khng xut hin.
+ Select objects : Chn i tng v thuc tnh to thnh khi
+ Select objects :
- Nhp OK ng hp thoi.
Hnh 16.16 Hnh 16.17
16.8.3 CHN KHI CNG THUC TNH VO BN V (lnh Insert, I)

- Gi lnh Insert s xut hin hp thoi (hnh 16.17)
- Chn tn khi km thuc tnh cn chn: Dnham
- Nhp nt Uniform Scale t l chn theo cc trc bng nhau.
- Nhp OK, lc ny trn dng nhc lnh xut hin:
+ Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: chn im C
trn bn v lm im chn n; (hnh 16.18a).
Enter attribute values
+ Do nham <0>: 0.8 (nhp gi tr mi ca nhm b mt)
Ch
- Nu bin ATTDIA =1 th s hin ra hp thoi Enter Attribute (hnh 16.18b)
- Nu bin ATTDIA =0 th khng xut hin ra hp thoi Enter Attribute

C
a) b)
Hnh 16.18
Ch
Ta c th s dng lnh -Attdef (hoc -Att) to thuc tnh ca khi; lnh -Block (-B) to khi; lnh -
Insert (-I) chn khi bng cch nhp cc bin trn dng lnh ca mn hnh qua v d sau:
V d
To khi km thuc tnh cho k hiu cao trnh nh (hnh 16.19a). S dng lnh -Insert chn
khi km thuc tnh vo cc v tr trn(Hnh 16.19b) .
Q
a) b)
Hnh 16.19
TRNH T THC HIN NH SAU:

1. S dng lnh (-Attdef, -att) nh ngha thuc tnh ca khi.
Command: -Att
Current attribute modes: Invisible=N Constant=N Verify=N Preset=N
- Enter an option to change [Invisible/Constant/Verify/Preset] <done>:
- Enter attribute tag name: Cao (nhp tn bin thuc tnh)
- Enter attribute prompt: Cao do (nhp dng nhc thuc tnh)
- Enter default attribute value: 0 (nhp gi tr thuc tnh mc nh)
Current text style: "Standard" Text height: 2.5000
- Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: Chn im P chn thuc tnh "Cao"
- Specify height <2.5000>: 3 (Nhp chiu cao ca vn bn thuc tnh)
- Specify rotation angle of text <0>: (Nhp gc nghing ca vn bn thuc tnh)
Lc ny xut hin ch Cao trn hnh v k hiu cao trnh (hnh 16.19a)
2. To khi lnh (-Block, -B) cho k hiu cao trnh v thuc tnh "Cao"
Command: -B
- Enter block name or [?]: Do cao (nhp tn khi)
- Specify insertion base point: Nhp im chun chn. Chn u mi tn (im Q).
- Select objects: Chn c hnh v k hiu cao trnh v thuc tnh (ch Cao) .
- Select objects:
Lc ny khi cng thuc tnh khng xut hin trn mn hnh.
3. S dng lnh (-Insert, - I) chn khi cng vi thuc tnh ra bn v .

Command: -I
- Enter block name or [?] <CUA>: do cao (nhp tn khi)
- Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: Nhp im chn
n.
- Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: (t l theo phng x)
- Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: (nhp t l theo phng Y)
- Specify rotation angle <0>: (nhp gc quay khi)
- Enter attribute values
- Cao do <0>: 1.2 (nhp gi tr ca bin thuc tnh cao do)
16.9 HIU CHNH THUC TNH CA KHI (lnh Ddatte)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu Screen Menu Go lnh Toolbar
Modify \ Attribute\ Single... MODIFY1\ Attedit\ Ddatte Attedit, -Attedit Modiffy II
Lnh Ddatte dng thay i gi tr thuc tnh ca khi.

Command: Ddatte
- Select block reference: Chn khi cn thay i thuc tnh.
Sau khi chn khi chn trn bn v, s xut hin hp thoi Edit Attributes (Hnh 16.20).
hp thoi ny ta c th thay i gi tr thuc tnh ca khi bng cch nhp vo gi tr vo Do
nham
Hnh 16.20
16.10 TM THIT K - AUTOCAD DESIGN CENTER

AutoCAD Design Center tr gip cho ngi thit k d dng tm kim v chuyn cc Block,
layer, Dimension Style, Text Style, Linetype hay cc phn bn v no sang bn v khc. Vic
s dng AutoCAD Design Center c th truy cp cc ni dung t cc ngun khc nhau s lm
gim thi gian ng k cho vic thit k bn v .
ng dn ca th mc DesignCenter: C:\Program Files\ACAD 2000\Sample\DesignCenter]
16.10.1 M AUTOCAD DESIGN CENTER,

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Tools \ AutoCAD Design Center Adcenter, Adc, Ctrl+ 2 Standard

Sau khi gi lnh Adcenter th ca s Design Center hin ra (hnh 16.21)
Tree View Toggle Favorites Load Find Up Preview Description

View
History
Open
Destop
Palette
Hnh anh Preview

Dong m ta
Hnh 16.21
16.10.2 CHC NNG CA CC NT TRN CA S DESIGN CENTER (Hnh 16.21)
1) Destop Hin th th mc v files trong my tnh ca bn di cu trc hnh cy

2) Open Drawings Hin th tt c cc bn v m
3) History Hin th ra 20 ni dung cui cng m ta m.
4) Tree view Toggle Hin th cc th mc v files trong my tnh ca bn di dng cu trc
hnh cy (hnh 16.21). Nu ta chn mt ni dung trn Tree view s hin
th ni dung bn v trn Palette .Nhp vo nt + / - hoc kch p chut
vo ni dung trn Tree view s hin ra hoc i ni dung mc thp hn.
AutoCAD cn th hin cc ni dung trn Palette bng cc biu tng
Layer, Block, Xref, Dimstyle, Linetype, Textstyle, Layouts (hnh 16.21)
5) Favorites Hin th ni dung ca th mc Favorites > Autodesk trn Palette
6) Load S xut hin hp thoi Load Design Center Palette (hnh 16.22) dng
ti file bn v ra ca s Palette ca Design Center
7) Find Sau khi nhp nt ny s xut hin hp thoi Find, ta c th tm kim cc
files bn v c t tn.
8) Up Tr v mt cp (file hoc th mc)
9) Preview Xem trc hnh nh ca file c chn vng di ca bng Palette
(hnh 16.21)
10) Description Hin th dng vn bn m t ni dung hnh v chn (hnh 16.21)
11) View iu khin cc dng hin th cc ni dung trn Palette : Biu tng ln
(Large icon); Biu tng nh (Small icon); Danh sch (List); Chi tit
(Details)

Hnh 16.22
16.10.3 S DNG AUTOCAD DESIGN CENTER CHN NI DUNG VO BN V

HIN HNH (Hnh 16.21)
S dng Autocad Design Center ta c th chn khi (insert block), sao chp (Copy) hay ko r
cc d liu ca ni dung t Palette vo bn v hin hnh.
16.10.3.1 S DNG AUTOCAD DESIGN CENTER CHN KHI
1) Chn khi vi t l chn (Scale) v gc chn (Rotation) mc nh.

Trnh t thc hin:
1. Kch p tri chut vo file cn chn (Fasteners - Metric.dwg) trong th mc Design Center
2. Nhp chn Blocks s xut hin mt bng cc hnh nh ca file c chn trn Palette.
3. Nhp phi chut vo mt hnh nh trn Palette s xut hin shortcut -menu (hnh 16.23)
Hnh 16.23
4. Chn Insert block... s xut hn hp thoi chn khi Insert (Hnh 16.24)
5. nh du chn vo nt Explode sau khi chn - khi c phn r thnh cc i tng
n, d hiu chnh ph hp vi TCVN
6. Nhp OK s xut hin dng nhc:
- Specify insertion point for block: nh im chn khi trn bn v .

Hnh 16.24 hnh 16.25
2) Chn khi vi t l chn (Scale) v gc chn (Rotation) nh trn dng nhc lnh
Trnh t thc hin:
4. Chn Insert block... s xut hn hp thoi chn khi Insert
5. nh du chn vo nt Explode v cc nt Specify on Screen (Hnh 16.25)
6. Nhp OK s xut hin dng nhc:
- Specify insertion point for block: nh im chn khi trn bn v .
- Specify scale factor for XYZ axes: 1 (nhp t ln cho cc trc XYZ)
- Specify rotation angle <0>: (nhp gc quay ca khi quanh im chn)
16.10.3.2 S DNG AUTOCAD DESIGN CENTER SAO CHP KHI

Trnh t thc hin:
4. Chn Copy
5. Gi lnh Pastclip dn hnh nh t window clipboard vo bn v .
- Specify insertion point: nh im chn trn bn v .
16.10.3.3 S DNG AUTOCAD DESIGN CENTER KO R - TH KHI

Trnh t thc hin:
3. Nhp tri chut chn mt hnh nh trn Palette gi v ko r ra mn hnh ri th chut ti v
tr cn chn
16.10.4 THAO TC VI NI DUNG THNG HAY S DNG (FAVORITES)
khi v thit k c nhng ni dung m ta thng xuyn phi s dng n. truy cp chng mt
cch nhanh chng AutoCAD Design Center a ra cc gii php trn c s th mc Favorites >
Autodesk. Ta c th thm cc ni dung vo th mc nyv truy cp cc ni dung mt cch
nhanh chng.
16.10.4.1 TRUY CP CC NI DUNG T FAVORITES

C nhiu cch truy cp cc ni dung t Favorites > Autodesk

1) M AutoCAD Design Center v chn nt Favorites Fovorites
2) Trn AutoCAD Design Center
- Chn nt Tree View Toggle
- Chn nt Desktop
- Chn th mc Favorites
3) Trn AutoCAD Design Center
- Nhp phi chut ti vng Palette
- Chn Favorites trn shortcut menu
(hnh 16.26)
Hnh 16.26
16.10.4.2 THM NI DUNG VO FAVORITES

Trnh t thc hin:
1. M AutoCAD Design Center
2. Kch phi chut vo file cn thm vo Favorites lm xut hin shortcut menu (hnh 16.27)
3. Chn Add to Favorites
Ta thm ni dung mt file vo Design Center v c th chn file ny vo bn v .
Hnh 16.27
=======================

Chong 17 CC LNH TNH TON

V TRA CU
Trong chng ny s trnh by mt s lnh v tnh ton, tra cu thng tin v mt s lnh khc h
tr cho vic v trong AutoCAD 2000.
17.1 TNH TO IM (lnh ID)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu Screen Menu Type in Toolbar
Tools \ Inquiry > ID point TOOLS1 \ID Id, 'Id Inquiry
Lnh ID (hoc 'Id) thng bo cho ta bit to ca mt im trn mn hnh. im ny c th

chn bt k hoc bng phng php truy bt im. Trc khi v cc i tng ngi ta thng
dng lnh ID nh im cui cng nht trn bn v lm gc to tng i cho lnh v sau
. Lnh ID tng t ch truy bt im From .
Command: ID (hoc 'Id)

- Specify point: Chn im cn xc nh to . AutoCAD2000 s thng bo honh , tung
, cao ca im chn nh sau:
X= 100 ; Y= 200 ; Z= 0
17.2 TNH KHONG CCH (lnh Di, Dist)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Tools \ Inquiry >Distance TOOLS1 \ Dist Dist, 'Dist, Di Inquiry
Lnh Dist (hoc 'Dist) dng tnh khong cch (Distance) gia hai im bt k ca on
thng. Ngoi ra lnh ny cn hin th gc ca on thng hp vi ng chun nm ngang
trong mt phng XY(Angle in XY plane) v gc ca on thng to vi mt phng XY trong
3D. Ta c th dng cc phng php truy bt im truy bt cc (Angle from XY plane)im
ny .
Command: DI
- Specify first point: Truy bt im th nht .
- Specify second point: Truy bt im th hai .
V D
Trong 2D ta v mt on thng c chiu di =100 v hp vi ng nm ngang mt gc 300.
Khi dng lnh Dist truy bt hai u mt ca on thng ny th s xut hin trn mn hnh vn
bn thng bo sau :
Command: DI
- Specify first point: Truy bt im th nht .
- Specify second point: Truy bt im th hai .
Distance = 100, Angle in XY Plane = 30, Angle from XY Plane = 0
Delta X = 87, Delta Y = 50, Delta Z = 0

17.3 TNH DIN TCH V CHU VI (lnh Area)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Tools \ Inquiry > Area TOOLS1 \ Area AA, Area Inquiry
Lnh Area dng tnh din tch v chu vi ca mt hnh c ng bin. Lnh ny thng dng
tnh din tch s dng ca tng phng khi thit k nh. xc nh min cn tnh din tch ta
dng hai phng php sau :
1) Chn i tng l hnh kn (Polyline, Polygon, Circle, Boundary, Spline...)
2) Hoc nh cc nh ca a gic to thnh ng bao kn.
Command: Area (hoc AA)

- Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]: Chn nh th nht
(1)
CC TU CHN TI (1)
First point Trong tu chn ny ch tnh din tch v chu vi ca a gic phng m ta ln
lt phi chn cc nh xc nh min cn.tnh. (Hnh 17.1 a) c din tch
v chu vi ging (Hnh 17.1b).(Hnh 17.1a AutoCAD xem nh t ng bng
on thng P4 P1).
P2 P2
P3 P3
P1
P1
a) P4 b) P4
Hnh 17.1
Command: AA
- Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]: Chn nh P1
- Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]: Truy bt nh P2, ri P3, ri P4
- Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]:
Area = 4122 , perimeter = 280 .
Object Tu chn ny dng cho hnh c xc nh bi cc ng Circle, Polygon,

Ellipse, Boundary, Pline, Spline kn. i vi mt hnh kn bt k l tp hp
gm nhiu cung trn v on thng th ta c th ni chng bng lnh Pedit
c mt Pline kn .
Add, Subtract Nu trong vng bin kn c cc i tng kn nm bn trong (gi l cc
Islands) th ta s dng Add hoc Subtract cng thm hoc tr i din tch
ca cc Islands ny .
V d
Tnh din tch phn gch gch c gii hn mt Circle v mt Pline ca (hnh 17.2)
Command: AA
- Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]: A (Chn ch cng )
- Specify first corner point or [Object/Subtract]: O
- (ADD mode) Select objects: Chn i tng th nht l pline kn ngoi cng tnh din
tch

Area = 9528.6894, perimeter = 472.7948

Total area = 9528.6894 .
- (ADD mode) Select objects: 30 37
35
69
R27
Hnh 17.2
72 47
146
- Specify first corner point or [Object/Subtract]: S (Chn ch tr )

- Specify first corner point or [Object/Add]: O
- (SUBTRACT mode) Select objects: Chn ng trn bn trong tr .
Area = 1053.6607 , Circumference = 115.0682
Total area = 8475.0287
- (SUBTRACT mode) Select objects: (Chn tip a tuyn kn bn trong tr hoc nhn
Enter kt thc ch tr)
- Specify first corner point or [Object/Add]:
Kt qu din tch ca vng gch gch l: 8475.0287.
17.4 TNH TON (lnh CAL)

Lnh Cal dng tnh ton nhanh chng cc vn ton hc nh cc php ton s hc, cc php
ton vect, xc nh khong cch, nh v tr cc im trn bn v v.v... bng cch nhp biu
thc sau ch >>Expression trn dng lnh.
Command: Cal
Initializing... >>Expression: Hy nhp biu thc cn tnh vo dng ny.
y ch gii thiu mt s hm thng dng ca lnh Cal phc v cho vic v 2D cn nhng
hm khc c gi c th xem thm lnh Cal nm trong lnh Help (Help\ Command Referance\
Commands > 'Cal )
Ch
1) Trong biu thc cn tnh ta c th s dng cc phng thc truy bt im ca i tng.
2) Trong khi thc hin cc lnh AutoCAD, ta c th s dng lnh Cal lm lnh trung gian
xc nh cc im hoc kch thc cn thit, khi ch cn thm du nhy n ' vo trc
lnh ('Cal ).
3) Khi s dng lnh Cal ta nn tt ch truy bt im thng tr .
17.4.1 CC PHP TNH TRONG lnh CAL

1) PHP TNH S HC
+,- Cng, tr
*,/ Nhn, chia
^ Lu tha
SQRT( x ) Cn bc hai ca i s x

...
V d
Command: Cal
Initializing...>> Expression: (20 *3+40) / 2
50.0
Command: Cal
Initializing...>> Expression: (2^3 SQRT(25))
3.0
2) PHP TNH VECT

+ , - Cng, tr vect (hoc im )
[a,b,c ] + [x,y,z ] = [a+x,b+y, c +z ]
*, / Nhn , chia mt vct vi mt s thc K (l mt vect)
K * [x,y,z ] = [Kx,Ky,Kz] ; [x,y,z ] * 1/K = [1/K x, 1/K y,1/K z]
Tch v hng ca cc vect (l mt s)
[a,b,c ] * [x,y,z ] = ax+ by+ cz
& Tch ca cc vect (l mt vect)
[a,b, c ]&[x,y,z] = [ (b*z ) - (c*y), (c*x) - (a*z), (a*y) -(b*x)]
( ) Nhm biu thc
Biu thc M + [30,50]: Biu din im N c to tng i [30,50] so vi im im M

(im M c th l End, Cen, Qua,...); tc l im N cch im M mt khong 30 theo trc X,
mt khong 50 theo trc Y.
V d
Command: Cal
Initializing...>> Expression: [10,20,30]+[30,20,10]
(40 40 40)
17.4.2 S DNG CC PHNG THC BT IM TRN CC BIU THC S HC
C th s dng cac phng thc truy bt im ca AutoCAD trong cc biu thc tnh ca lnh
Cal. Khi s dng phng thc bt im ta ch cn nhp ba k t u tin ca phng thc bt
dim . V d khi s dng phng thc bt im ENDpoint ta ch cn nhp END,...
Vit tt Phng thc bt im
END ENDpoint (im cui)

EXT EXTension (Ko di im cui n im cn nhp to )
INS INSert (im bt u vit vn bn)
INT INTersection (giao im)
MID MIDpoint (im gia)
CEN CENter (tm im)
NEA NEArest (im trn i tng)
NOD NODe (im)
QUA QUAdrent (gc phn t)
PAR PARallel (truy bt i tng song song)
PER PERpendicular(vung gc)
TAN TANgent (tip tuyn)

V d
Cho ng trn O v on thng P1P2. Hy v on thng M1M2 vi M1, M2 ln lt l im
gia ca cc on OP1v P1P2 (Hnh 17.3)
Command: L
- Specify first point: 'Cal
- >>Expression: (CEN + END) /2 (Xc nh M1)
- >> Select entity for CEN snap: Chn ng trn truy bt tm.
- >> Select entity for END snap: Chn on thng P1P2 gn im cui P1 bt P1
- Specify next point or [Undo]: 'Cal
- >>Expression: Mid
- >> Select entity for MID snap: Chn on thng P1P2 truy bt im gia M2
Hnh 17.3
Ch
Biu thc: (END + END + END) / 3 Truy bt im trng tm ca tam gic theo ba nh ca n .
V d
Hy v ng trn c tm l trng tm ca tam gic ABC v tip xc vi cnh AB (hnh 17.4)
Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 'Cal
- Expression: (END + END + END) / 3
- >> Select entity for END snap: Chn cnh AB gn im cui A bt im A
- >> Select entity for END snap: Chn cnh BC gn im cui B bt im B
- >> Select entity for END snap: Chn cnh AC gn im cui C bt im C
- Diameter/ <Radius>: TAN to Chn cnh AB lm tip tuyn
Hnh 17.4
17.4.3 XC NHV TR CA IM TRN NG THNG (hm PLD V PLT)
Cc hm Pld v Plt c th xc nh v tr ca im trn ng thng khi bit khong cch t

im n im th nht ca ng thng hoc theo tham s t .
Pld (P1,P2,dist) Hm ny xc nh v tr mt im trn ng thng P1P2 v cch P1 mt

khong cch Dist .
Plt (P1,P2,t) Hm ny xc nh v tr mt im trn ng thng P1P2 v v tr xc
nh theo tham s t bng s (c th nhp bng phn s) so vi im P1 .
- Nu t = 0 th im cn tm trng vi im th nht P1
- Nu t = 0.5 th im cn tm l im gia ca on P1P2
- Nu t = 1 th im cn tm trng vi im th hai P2
- Nu t = 2 th im cn tm nm ngoi on thng P1P2 v cch im th nht P1 mt on
bng hai ln P1P2, ...
V d
Cho hai on thng P1P2 v P3P4. Hy v ng trn nhn hai im M1, M2 lm hai u mt
ng knh; bit rng M1P1 = 30 n v v P2P3 = 1/3P3P4 (Hnh 17.5)
Hnh 17.5
Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2P
- Specify first end point of circle's diameter: 'Cal
- >>Expression: pld (end,end,30)
- >> Select entity for END snap: Truy bt im P1 lm im th nht
- >> Select entity for END snap: Truy bt im P2 lm im th hai
- Specify second end point of circle's diameter: 'Cal
- >> Expression: plt (end,end,1/3)
- >> Select entity for END snap: Truy bt im P3 lm im th nht
- >> Select entity for END snap: Truy bt im P4 lm im th hai
17.4.4 QUAY IM QUANH MT CC (hm ROT)
Hm Rot dng quay mt im M chung quanh cc O vi gc quay a

Rot (M, O, a)
V d
Cho ng trn ln tm O v ng trn nh tm O1. Hy sao chp ng trn tm O1 n v
tr tm O2 sao cho gc O1OO2= 650 (hnh 17.6)
Command: Co
- Select objects: Chn ng trn nh (tm O1).
- Select objects:
- Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: Cen of (Chn ng trn nh)
- Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: 'Cal

- >>Expression: Rot (cen,cen,65)

- >> Select entity for CEN snap: Truy bt tm ca ng trn nh
- >> Select entity for CEN snap : Truy bt tm ca ng trn ln .
Hnh 17.6
17.4.5 XC NH GIAO IM (hm ILL)

Hm iLL dng xc nh giao im ca hai ng thng P1P2 v P3P4
iLL (P1,P2,P3,P4)
17.4.6 XC NH KHONG CCH (hm DPL, DIST)

Hm Dpl (M,P1,P2) Dng xc nh khong cch ngn nht t im M n ng thng
P1P2 .
Hm Dist (P1,P2) Dng xc nh khong cch gia hai im P1,P2
17.4.7 NH BN KNH CA NG TRN, CUNG TRN (hm RAD)

Hm Rad dng xc nh bn knh ca ng trn, cung trn mi so vi cung trn
hay ng trn chn.
Ch
- Nu nhp >>Expression: rad+10 th bn knh ca ng trn mi s tng ln 10 n v so
vi bn knh ca ng trn chn .
- Nu nhp >>Expression: rad - 5 th bn knh ca ng trn mi s gim xung 5 n v so
vi bn knh ca ng trn chn .
- Nu nhp >>Expression rad* 2 th bn knh ca ng trn mi s tng gp hai ln n v
so vi bn knh ca ng trn chn.v.v.
V d
Cho ng trn tm O, bn knh R. Hy v ng trn tm O, bn knh bng 2R (Hnh 17.7).
Hnh 17.7
Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/TTR(tan tan radius)]: Cen of (Chn ng trn
bn knh R)
- Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]:' Cal
- >>Expression: Rad* 2
- >> Select circle, arc or polyline segment for RAD function: (Chn ng trn bn knh R) s
v ln ng trn mi tm O bn knh bng 2R.(hnh17.7)
17.4.8 XC NH GC (hm ANG)

Hm Ang (P1,P2) Xc nh gc gia trc X v ng thng P1P2 hng t P1 n
P2 (Hnh 17.8a)
Hm Ang (apex,P1,P2) Xc nh gc gia hai ng thng (apex, P1) v (apex, P2),
(Hnh 17.8b)
a) b)
Hnh 17.8
17.4.9 CC HM VIT TT
Trong lnh Cal c mt s hm vit tt khi ghi cc biu thc.
Hm s Hm vit tt M t
Dee dist (end, end) Khong cch gia hai im cui.

Ille ill (end, end, end, end) Giao im ca hai on thng c xc nh bi bn im
cui
Mee (end+end)/2 Trung im ca on thng c xc nh bi hai im
cui
17.5 LIT K D LIU (lnh List)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Tools \ Inquiry \ List TOOLS1 \ List List, Li, Ls Inquiry
Lnh List lit k cc d liu ln mn hnh vn bn, lin quan n mt hay nhiu i tng ca
bn v m ta chn. Tu vo cc i tng c chn m ta c cc bn thng bo tnh cht khc
nhau .
Command: Li
- Select objects: Chn i tng (Chn ng pline ngoi cng ca (hnh 17.2)
- Select objects: [S xut hin hp thoi thng bo AutoCAD Text Window Hnh 17.9)]
- Nu ta chn i tng l on thng, s thng bo to hai im cui, chiu di, gc nghing ca

on thng ,...
- Nu ta chn i tng l cung trn, s thng bo to hai im cui, to tm,...
- Nu ta chn i tng l a tuyn, s thng bo to cc nh, chiu di a tuyn, din tch,...

Hnh 17.9
17.6 I TN CC I TNG (lnh Rename)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu Screen Menu Type in
Format \ Rename... FORMAT \ Rename Ren, Rename, DDrename
Lnh Rename dng thay i tn ca cc i tng t tn (Named object), Block

Dimstyle, Layer, Linetype, style... Sau khi gi lnh s xut hin hp thoi Rename (Hnh 17.10).
Hnh17.10 Hnh 17.11
TRNH T THAY I TN :
1) Nhp tn c vo Old Name .
2) Nhp tn mi vo Rename To. (tn duong tam i tn thnh tn duong truc)
3) Nhp nt OK
17.7 TY, XO CC I TNG THA (lnh Purge)

Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu Screen Menu Type in
File/Drawing Unities >Purge > FILE/ Purge Pu, Purge

Lnh Purge cho php ty, xo cc kiu tha (Blocks, Layers, Linetypes, Shapes, Text styles...)
trong mt bn v. Trc khi in thng s dng lnh ny xo i cc phn tha khng s dng
trong bn v nhm lm cho dung lng ca bn v gim xung. Lnh ny c th gi t Pull -
down menu nh sau: File/Drawing Unities > Purge > (Hnh 17.11)
Gi s trong bn v ta to cc lp (Layers): DUONG-THAY, DUONG-KHUAT, DUONG

TRUC,...nhng ta khng s dng cc lp nh: DUONG TRUC v ta mun xo cc lp ny i
dung lng file bn v gim xung. Khi trnh t thc hin nh sau:
Command: Pu
- Enter type of unused objects to purge [Blocks/Dimstyles/LAyers/LTypes/Plotstyles/
SHapes/
textSTyles/Mlinestyles/All]:LA (Nhp kiu cn xo hoc nhp A xo tt c cc kiu
c t tn khng dng trong bn v)
- Enter name(s) to purge <*>: (Nhp tn lp cn xo hoc nhn Enter thm tra li cc tn
lp cn xa)
- Verify each name to be purged? [Yes/No] <Y>:
- Purge layer "Duong khuat"? <N>
- Purge layer "Duong thay"? <N>
- Purge layer "Duong truc"? <N> y xo lp ny.
====================

Chng 18 HNH CHIU TRC O

Trong chng ny s trnh by cch v hnh chiu trc o bng cc lnh 2D. Tt c to c
nhp theo honh X v tung Y nm trong mt phng XY. Khi ta t la chn Isometric
Snap trong khung Snap Type & Style ca hp thoi Drafting Settings. v hnh chiu trc o
vung gc u ca cc on thng ta dng lnh Line, ca cc ng trn nm trong cc mt
phng to ta dng lnh Ellipse vi la chn Isocircle.
Sau y l mt s loi hnh chiu trc o thng dng trong k thut.
18.1 CHUYN SANG HNH CHIU TRC O VUNG GC U (Isometric drawing)
Trc khi v hnh chiu trc o vung gc u, ta chuyn sang hnh chiu trc o vung gc
u, trnh t thc hin nh sau:
1. Gi lnh: Tool > Drafting Settings... s xut hin hp thoi Drafting Settings (Hnh 18.1).
2. Chn Tab1: Snap & Grid
3. Chn nt Isometric Snap trong khung Snap Type & Style
4. Nhp OK
Hnh18.1
18.1.1 CC V TR MT PHNG HNH CHIU TRC O (phm Ctrl +E hoc F5)
Sau khi chuyn sang hnh chiu trc o th ta ang mt phng trc o bn tri Isoplane Left
(y'o'z') (hnh18.2), s dng phm Ctrl +E (Gi phm Ctrl v nhp phn E) chuyn chiu cc si
tc v mt trong ba v tr ca mt phng hnh chiu trc o. Nu ch Ortho l On th ta ch v
cc on thng theo cc trc o (chiu ca hai si tc). Nu mun v cc on thng khng song
song vi cc trc trc o, ta t ch ORTHO l OFF. Ngoi ra khi v cc oan thng hnh
chiu trc o ta s dng to cc tng i,...
Hnh18.2 Hnh 18.3 Hnh 18.4

- Nhn t hp phm Ctrl +E ln th nht ta c Isoplane Top (x'o'y') (Hnh 18.3

- Nhn t hp phm Ctrl +E ln th hai ta c Isoplane Right (x'o'z') (Hnh 18.4)
- Nhn t hp phm Ctrl +E ln th ba th tr li Isoplane Left (y'o'z') (Hnh 18.2)...
18.1.2 V CC ON THNG TRN HNH CHIU TRC O.
- Nhp di trc tip v cc on thng theo chiu ca cc trc o, ta m ch Ortho.

- bt giao im ca vect dn hng vi i tng no m n gp, ta m ch Polar
18.1.3 V ELIP - HNH CHIU TRC O CA NG TRN THUC MT

PHNG TO (lnh ELLIPSE)
v elp l hnh chiu trc o vung gc u ca ng trn thuc cc mt phng to , ta s

dng lnh Ellipse vi la chn Isocircle
Command: El
- Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center/Isocircle]: I
- Specify center of isocircle: Chn tm ca ng trn .
- Specify radius of isocircle or [Diameter]: Nhp bn knh ng trn.
v cc Ellipse l hnh chiu trc o vung gc u ca cc ng trn nm trong cc mt

phng to khc nhau, ta dng t hp phm Ctrl +E (hoc phm F5) chuyn chiu ca hai si
tc v v tr cc mt: Isoplane Left, Isoplane Top, Isoplane Right v. (Hnh 18.5).
50
100
30
z
d R30
110
R20
60 40
0
R10
d d
20
x y'
40
60
Hnh 18.5 Hnh 18.6

V d
Hy v hnh chiu trc o vung gc u ca vt th c cho bi ( hnh 18.6 ) .
HNG DN
1) M hp thoi Drafting Settings chn Tab Snap and Grid. Trong hp thoi ny khung Snap
Type & Style ta chn nt Isometric Snap, sau nhp OK

2) Dng lnh Line hoc Pline v hnh chiu trc o ca cc on thng thuc cc mt phng
to trc o khc nhau. S dng Ctrl + E chuyn trc ca hai si tc sang cc mt phng
trc o Isoplane Left, Isoplane Top, Isoplane Right v .
3) Dng lnh Ellipse vi la chn Isocircle, xc nh tm v nhp bn knh cu ng trn

v hnh chiu trc o ca cc ng trn nm trong cc mt phng to tng ng.
4) Dng lnh Trim xn cc phn tha ca cc cung Ellipse.
4) Ghi kch thc .

- Trc ht to hai kiu kch thc c gc nghing (Oblique Angle) 300 v -300 P P P P
- Dng lnh Dimaligned ghi kch thc.

- Dng lnh hiu chnh Dimedit hiu chnh ng ging kch thc c gc nghing 300, P P
900, 1500 hoc 2100 so vi ng chun nm ngang.

P P P P P P
6) Dng lnh Bhatch gch gch mt ct .

- Angle = 15
- Scale = 3
18.2 HNH CHIU TRC O XIN GC (Oblique Drawing)
Hnh chiu trc o xin gc c hai loi: Hnh chiu trc o ng u v ng cn.
18.2.1 HNH CHIU TRC O NG U (Cavalier Oblique)
Hnh chiu trc o ng u l loi hnh chiu trc o xin gc u. C h s bin dng qui c
theo ba trc bng nhau (p = q = r =1). Cc trc o to vi nhau cc gc nh (hnh 18.7a) .
Hnh chiu trc o ng u dng th hin nhng vt th :

- C nhiu ng trn nm trong mt phng (xoz) .
- Vt th c chiu di v chiu dy b .
z' z'
1 1
900
P P
900 P P
x' 1 0 x' 1 0'

450 P
450
P
1/2
1350 P
1350 P P
y'
P
1 y'
a) b)
Hnh 18.7
18.2.2 HNH CHIU TRC O NG CN (CABINET OBLIQUE)
Hnh chiu trc o ng cn l loi hnh chiu trc o xin gc cn. C h s bin dng qui c
theo hai trc bng nhau v khc vi h s bin dng ca trc th ba (p = r =1, q =1/2) .Cc trc
o to vi nhau cc gc nh (hnh 18.7b) .
Hnh chiu trc o ng cn dng th hin nhng vt th :

- C nhiu ng trn nm trong mt phng (XOZ) .
- Vt th c chiu di v chiu dy ln .
V d
Hy v hnh chiu trc o ng u (xin gc u) ca vt th c cho bi hnh v sau y
(Hnh 18.8).
Hnh 18.8
HNG DN
1. Dng lnh Polyline vi la chn Width = 1 v cc on thng v cung trn mt trc.
2. Dng lnh Copy chp cc ng thuc mt trc ra mt sau : @60<135.
3. Dng lnh Trim xn i cc phn tha .
4. Dng lnh ghi kch thc Dimlinear, Dimradius ghi kch thc cc on thng v cung
trn. Ring kch thc on thng nghing 1350 sau khi ghi kch thc ta phi hiu chnh
P P
bng lnh Dimedit vi la chn Oblique, ri nhp gc 00 cho ng ging kch thc nm
P P
ngang .
=====================

MC LC
Ba......................................................................................................... 1
Li ni u............................................................................................ 2
Chng 1 M u .................................................................................................. 3
Chng 2 Cc lnh thnh lp bn v ..................................................................... 9
Chng 3 Cc lnh v c bn.............................................................................. 20
Chng 4 Cc phng thc truy bt im i tng .......................................... 43
Chng 5 Cc phng php chn i tng....................................................... 54
Chng 6 Hiu chnh i tng .......................................................................... 58
Chng 7 Cc lnh hiu chnh sao chp i tng ............................................. 72
Chng 8 Hiu chnh i tng bng Grips........................................................ 78
Chng 9 iu khin mn hnh........................................................................... 85
Chng 10 To v qun l cc tnh cht lp trn bn v ...................................... 90
Chng 11 Nhp vn bn vo bn v.................................................................. 100
Chng 12 Biu din k hiu vt liu trn mt ct ............................................. 112
Chng 13 Ghi v qun l cc kiu kch thc................................................... 118
Chng 14 Thnh lp bn v mu ....................................................................... 145
Chng 15 Cc lnh v 2..................................................................................... 148
Chng 16 To khi v thuc tnh, tm thit k ................................................. 163
Chng 17 Cc lnh tnh ton v tra cu ............................................................ 178
Chng 18 Hnh chiu trc o............................................................................. 188
Mc lc ............................................................................................. 192
------------------------

Autocad 2000 Practice

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Autocad 2000 Practice

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bai giang thc hanh AUTOCAD 2000 2005

THC HNH AUTOCAD 2000

GVC - ThS NGUYN

GVC ThS. Nguyn 1 Khoa S pham Ky thut

GVC ThS. Nguyn 2 Khoa S pham Ky thut

1.2 KHI NG AUTOCAD2000

1.3 C TRC MN HNH HO

GVC ThS. Nguyn 3 Khoa S pham Ky thut

- To Trong AutoCAD2000, to con chy trn mn hnh (Cursor coordinate)

- Status bar Thanh trng thi ca AutoCAD2000 nm pha di vng hoa. Ti y

- Command window Ca s lnh l ni cha cc dng lnh (command lines), mc nh c 3

Tn file Menu bar

- Screen menu Danh mc mn hnh nm pha bn phi vng ho (hnh 1.4). m

1.4 CC PHNG PHP NHP LNH TRONG AUTOCAD2000

1.5 CHC NNG CA CC PHM TT C BIT

GVC ThS. Nguyn 5 Khoa S pham Ky thut

1.6 CC T HP PHM TT KHC

1.7 HIN TH THANH CNG C (lnh Toolbar)

Pull - down menu Screen menu G lnh

Hnh 1.5 Hnh1.6

GVC ThS. Nguyn 6 Khoa S pham Ky thut

a) Default b) Edit c) Object Snap

d) Hot Grips e) OLE f) Command

GVC ThS. Nguyn 7 Khoa S pham Ky thut

1.9 DNG NHC LNH

GVC ThS. Nguyn 8 Khoa S pham Ky thut

Chng 2 CC LNH THNH LP BN V

2.1.1 TO GII HN BN V (lnh NEW)

a) TO GII HN BN V THEO KH A3 (420, 297)

GVC ThS. Nguyn 9 Khoa S pham Ky thut

Bng 2.1 : Cc lnh, gi tr cc bin lin quan trong bn v kh A3 h Metric

Lnh lin quan M t lnh Gi tr mc nh

Hnh 2.3 Hnh 2.4

GVC ThS. Nguyn 10 Khoa S pham Ky thut

2.1.2 TO GII HN BN V (lnh Limits)

2.1.3 TO GII HN BN V (lnh Mvsetup)

- Enter the scale factor: 10 (Nhp h s t l)

GVC ThS. Nguyn 11 Khoa S pham Ky thut

- Enter the paper width: 594 (Nhp chiu ngang ca giy)

Bng 2.2 : Cc lnh v gi tr cc bin lin quan khi to cc gii hn bn v n v h Metric

Cc lnh lin quan Kh A4 Kh A3 Kh A2 Kh A1 Kh A0

2.2 NH N V O CHO BN V (lnh Units)

Lnh Units dng nh n v o hin hnh v chnh xc (s thp phn) ca n v o hin

Hnh 2.6 Hnh 2.7

2.3 GHI BN V THNH FILE

2.3.1 GHI BN V (lnh Save)

2.3.2 GHI BN V T TN THNH TN KHC (lnh Save As)

2.4 M BN V C SN (lnh Open)

Hnh 2.9 Hnh 2.10

Hnh 2.11 Hnh 2.12

2.5 NG BN V (lnh Close)

2.6 THOT KHI AUTOCAD2000 (lnh Quit, Exit)

Hnh 2.14 Hnh 2.15

2.7 THNH LP CH V (lnh Dsettings hoc Ddrmodes)

GVC ThS. Nguyn 15 Khoa S pham Ky thut

Pull - down menu G lnh

Hnh 2.16 Hnh 2.17

2.8 THNH LP MI TRNG V (lnh Options, Preferences)

GVC ThS. Nguyn 16 Khoa S pham Ky thut

CC NT CHN TRONG TAB DISPLAY

Hnh 2.18 Hnh 2.19

Hnh 2.20 Hnh 2.21

- Display resolution nh nhn ca cung trn v ng trn hy nhp s ln hn 100 vo

dng ch Minutes between saves, sau thi gian ng bng con s ,