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Solar Panel
Control System
TABLE I
POWER FLOW AND VOLTAGE FOR THE SYSTEM FOR DIFFERENT SET POINT OF VPCC BOTH IN NIGHTTIME AND DAYTIME
IV. CONCLUSION
This paper presents a novel control concept by
which a photovoltaic solar farm is made to operate
as a STATCOM a Flexible AC Transmission
System (FACTS) device and used to increase
(b) transient stability and consequently the power
Fig. 7. (a) Maximum daytime power transfer from generator transfer limit of the transmission network. Three
with solar farm injecting 18 MW (b) voltages at generator phase fault studies have been conducted on a single
terminal and solar farm PCC
machine infinite bus system with a PV solar farm
connected at line midpoint using PSCAD/ EMTDC Transformers:
simulation software. The following conclusions are T1: Sn=1110MVA; xl=0.15, 22kV/400kV
made: T2: Sn=1110MVA; xl=0.15, 400kV/230kV
T3: Sn=100MVA; xl=0.05, 0.208kV/400kV , Y-Y
1) The 100 MW solar farm, which is otherwise (grounded)
dormant in the night, with the proposed novel Inverter:
control can increase the power transmission Sn =100MVA; L=0.25uH; C=320F; Vdcref =0.45kV;
capacity (receiving end power) by 137 MW during Ti = 0.0015(for both controller), Kp=10 (for
nighttime. modulation phase angle controller) and Kp= 1.5
(for modulation index controller).
2) During daytime, this solar farm can improve
power transmission limits substantially even while
injecting real power into the grid. At a high power VII. REFERENCES
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3) The actual increase in power transfer limits [2] Photovoltaic Incentive Programs & Country Profiles
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This study thus makes a case for relaxing present [3] Hong Shen, HaiWei Li2, Bin Huang, Jing Li, "Study on
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V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2009.
The authors gratefully acknowledge Mr. Tim [6] X.P. Zhang, L. Yao, K. Godfrey, C. Sasse, "Increasing
Vanderheide, COO of Bluewater Power the transfer of wind power on transmission network
through coordinated FACTS control," CIGRE
Generation, Sarnia, for all the logistic support Transactions on, C6-308,2006.
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Generalized Unified Power Flow Controller (GUPFC) in
a Nonlinear Interior Point OPF," Power Engineering
VI. APPENDIX Review, IEEE, vol.21, no.8, pp.57-57, Aug. 2001.
[8] Shakib A.D, Spahic .E, Balzer .G, " Optimal Location of
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[10] "Ercot CREZ Transmission optimization study,"
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H=3.22MWs/MVA; D=0 STATCOM to regulate grid voltage," IEEE Trans. On
Transmission line: Energy Conversion, vol. 24, no. 4 Dec. 2009.
400kV, 200 km, R=0.055/phase/mi,
XL=0.52/phase/mi, BC=5.92 X 10-6 /phase/mi.
[12] Rajiv K. Varma and Vinod Khadkikar, Utilization Of Shah Arifur Rahman (Student
Solar Farm Inverter As STATCOM US Provisional Member 2010) received the B.Sc.
Patent application filed 15 Sept. 2009 degree from the Bangladesh Institute of
[13] R. M. Mathur and R. K. Varma, Thyristor-Based FACTS Technology, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems, New He is currently working towards his
York: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2002. PhD. degree in Electrical Power
[14] R. K. Varma, W. Litzenberger, A. Ostadi and S. Auddy, Engineering at the University of
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Generation, Transmission, Distribution, vol. 146, no. 5 predecessor Ontario Hydro) for over 25
Sep. 1999. years and has served in various progressive technical and
[19] CIGRE Task Force 38.02.16, Impact of Interactions management capacities in portfolios such as Protection &
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Brochure 166, Paris, France, August 2000. Acquisition, Corporate Audit and Distributed Generation.
VIII. BIOGRAPHIES