160202a o Millwright Anti-Friction Bearing Classification and Identification Bearings and Seals Second Period — SSSTable of Contents Objective One. Anti-Friction Bearings Bearing Loads.. Ball Bearings Double Row Deep Groove Ball Bearing (Type 4).. Self-Aligning Ball Bearings..... Single Row Angular Contact Ball Bearing (Type 7) Arrangements of Single Row Angular Contact Beari Double Row Angular Contact Ball Bearing (Type O) Four-Point Angular Contact Ball Bearing (ype QV Ball Thrust Bearing (Type 5) Roller Bearings Cylindrical Roller Thrust Bearing (Type 8), ‘Needle Bearings (Code NA or NK) Tapered Roller Bearings (Type 3) Spherical Roller Bearing (Type 2) CARB Beating .rnnenn Objective Two. ISO Identification of Anti-Friction Bearings.. ISO Bearing Type and Size. How to Identify a Bearing by Measurement How to Get the Correct Bearing for each of the Operating Conditions@ Anti-Friction Bearing Classification and Identification Rationale Why is it important for you to learn this skill? Having the ability to select the correct anti-friction bearing for a specific application is an essential skill for the millwright. You will find that in order to select the correct bearing for a specific application, a certain amount of background knowledge is required. You ‘must be able to visually identify a bearing and specify the type of loading for which iti suitable. When given a bearing identification number, you must also be able to specify the type of bearing, size and construction features of that bearing simply by interpreting the bearing code Outcome When you have completed this module you will be able to: Select appropriate anti-friction bearings for specified applications. eo Objectives 1. Identify the type, parts and functions of common anti-friction bearings. 2. Describe the type, size and features of anti-friction bearings from the bearing code Introduction ‘The function of any bearing is to support a moving part. Moving parts include rotating shafts and parts moving in straight lines, such as the carriage on a lathe moving along the ways. The bearing must provide this support and must also hold the part in proper alignment with other parts of the machine and do so with minimum friction. In performing these functions, the bearing is subject to any of a number of different operating forces and speeds. Anti-friction bearings of many different shapes and sizes have been designed to handle these forces and speeds. Due to the wide variety of bearing types, a code system has evolved to provide information on type, size and construction of | each bearing, This allows you to select the correct type of bearing for a particular | ‘operating condition. The standardized code that appears on any bearing provides you ‘with information on the bearing type and size as well as all the features that make it suitable for a particular operating condition. Antifriction bearings have rolling elements that are intended to replace sliding friction with rolling friction. Since rolling friction is considerably less than non-lubricated slidi friction, these bearings are called anti-friction bearings. Note, however, that plain bearings (sometimes referred to as friction bearings) also operate with a minimum of friction when a film of lubricant separates the two sliding surfaces. |Objective One When you have completed this objective, you will be able to: Identify the type, parts and functions of common ant ‘ion bearings. Anti-Friction Bearings ‘The following describes a common anti-friction bearing, ‘The inner ring is seated on a shaft when mounted. It is made of hardened high- grade steel. The surface on which the rolling members roll, called the raceway, is ground to very fine finish to reduce friction and increase its life. It is also ground to very accurate dimensions to suppor the balls properly. ‘The outer ring can be described in the same way as the inner ring except that it i seated in a housing when mounted. The rolling members support the load and ideally should roll at all times and not slide, skid or drag. This saves power and reduces wear by replacing sliding friction with rolling friction. The balls, like the raceways, are made of very high grade steel and are ground to extremely close tolerances. ‘The cage can be attached to the inner ring (balls are said to be inner ring centred), attached to the outer ring (said to be outer ring centred) or can be free of the rings (said to be rolling element centred). The cage or separator has three functions: = to prevent the rolling elements from rubbing against each other (its mait function), = to push the rolling elements through the unloaded zone and = to guide the rolling elements with a minimum amount of friction, OUTER RING INNER RING ROLLING. ELEMENTS. Figure 1 - Parts of an anti-friction bearing. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) Inner and outer rings, cage and rolling elements are common to many of the anti-frictior bearing designs and are made of the same materials and serve the same functions as in t preceding description. TROROTEDEO TOE Copyright Alber teamingAnti-Friction Bearing Types The rolling elements in an anti-friction bearing can be in the shape of balls or various shaped rollers such as cylindrical, needle, toroidal, tapered or spherical. The first number or letters on the standard code engraved on the bearing identify each of these types of bearing. Figure 2 shows an example of each of the common types of anti-friction bearing with the ‘corresponding identification code. TYPE double row angular contact ball bearing, TYPE “2° - spherical roller bearing TYPE "3" - taper roller bearing TYPE “4” - deep groove ball bearing. double row ion bearings. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited). Figure 2 - Types of anti-fri TAIOEGEO ISS Copyright Alberta learningTYPE "6" - deep groove ball bearing, single row ‘TYPE “7"- angular contact ball bearing, single row TYPE “NU"- cylindrical oller bearing TYPE: “NA" or “NK*- needle bearings (also TYPES "NJ and "NUP?) Figure 3 - Types of anti-friction bearings. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) Tea Copyright Abra eamingTYPE "QJ" - four point contact TYPE 'C"- CARB bearing ball bearing Figure 4 - Types of anti-friction bearings. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) Each type of bearing shown in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4 is designed for a particular range of speeds and loads. Referring to Figure 9, you can see that some types of bearings are more suited for high speeds but lighter loads, while others are more suitable for heavier loads but lower speeds. This is why it is important to select the right type of bearing for the speed and load conditions. Bearing Loads Area of Contact Although the area of contact on the raceway under a rolling element is very small, its size and shape depend on the following. * Under a ball bearing itis circular until a load is applied to the ball and then it becomes elliptical © Under a roller the area is a narrow rectangle, but under load it becomes a trapezoid. ‘+ The size of these contact areas becomes larger as the size of the rolling element Another thing to note about the area of contact is that the larger itis, the larger the load capacity of the bearing, due to the load being distributed over a larger area. TUIOEEpE OS Copyright Albena fearingDirection of Load Any one of these shapes of rolling element can be used in a bearing assembly to suppor Joads acting in different directions. AXIAL LoaD Radial Load BD aiiat Load COMBINATION LOAD AXIAL RADIAL tao > LOAD oN Combination Load Figure 5 - Direction of load and contact angles. (Courtesy SKF Canada imited) In Figure 5, you can see how the load is transmitted from the shaft through the rolling element and then onto an area of contact on the raceway. Ifa bearing is under no load and a line is drawn through the area of contact at the inner race and the outer race, it will make an angle with a line at right angles to the shaft (see Figure 5). This is called the nominal contact angle and is constant for most bearings except the deep groove ball bearing. Whether a bearing is classified as radial, axial or combination load depends on its nominal contact angle. ‘* Ifthe nominal contact angle is 0 degrees, then the load is carried at 90 degrees the shaft as shown in Figure SA and the bearing is called a radial load bearing. ‘* If the nominal contact angle is 90 degrees then the load is in line with the shaft axis as shown in Figure SB and the bearing is called an axial load or a thrust bearing. © Ifthe nominal contact angle is between 0 and 90 degrees, then the load acts at ¢ angle to the shaft as shown in Figure SC and the bearing is called a combinatiot load bearing. ST Copyright Alberta teaming PoLoaded Zone In Figure 6 only a few balls are loaded over a small section of the raceways. This loaded section of the raceways is described as degrees loaded zone. Thus, Figure 6 may be said tohave less than 180 degrees loaded zone, while Figure 7 has 360 degrees loaded zone and Figure 8 has 270 degrees loaded zone. 360° LOADED ‘ZONE AXIAL Loap 270" LOADED ‘ZONE Figure 8 - 270° loading on a deep single row angular contact ball bearing. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) The loading zone also depends on the amount of intemal clearance or preload. In Figure 6, if there is residual clearance between the rolling elements and the raceway, the balls shown in the top of the bearing will be unloaded. However, if the intemal clearance is removed so that the bearing is preloaded, then all the balls will become loaded to some degree. Thus, the load zone is extended as the clearance is reduced. TORapE OdeAs can be seen in Figure 6, Figure 7 and Figure 8, a larger load zone means that a larger number of balls are supporting the load, thus increasing the capacity of the bearing, NOTE ‘The load capacity depends on the size of the rolling elements, the direction of load and the internal clearance or preload. c, ie ee be Gi ge 2 i a OG oon poep al Gi woo 85 33 $B 38 88 83 52 §3}-2000 so4§ -& 8 8 2 SBS 8 fm 000 son 1000 1400 000 ‘e0n0 z © 5,000 10.000 000 2.00 3.000 6000 2000 000 ey 2000 +000 LEGEND NOTES {All bearings in the graph have the samme Speed imt bore diameter (50 mm) andthe same in RPM outside diameter (90 mm) Dynamic Load Ratings represent loads Dynamic that will cause failure after | million revolutions, load rating e.g., Approximately. 9 hours at 1780 rpm. ints. ores Speed limits are based on only 10% of the designed load rating. The bearing would quickly fail at these spee ‘Therefore these load and speed ratings should be used only for comparison purposes. Figure 9 - Speed limits and dynamic load ratings for commonly used bearing When describing a bearing, both the shape of the rolling element and the direction of loading are used; for example, radial load cylindrical roller bearing or ball thrust beaBall Bearings ‘Single Row Deep Groove Ball Bearing (Type 6) The most common type of ball bearing, the deep groove ball bearing (sometimes called a Conrad bearing), is shown in Figure 10. This bearing has the following features. © It isa general-purpose bearing and more widely used than any other type. + Itis mainly intended to support radial loads. + Itcan also support combination loads and moderate axial loads in both directions. * Unlike most bearings, this bearing has a contact angle that changes with the direction of loading on the bearing. This change of contact angle occurs when an axial load shifts one of the rings axially with respect to the other ring. * It is classed as a radial load bearing since that is its main function. # Itwill tolerate very little angular misalignment between the inner and outer rings (less than ten minutes of angle). OUTER RING. RACEWAYS, INNER RING ROLLING ELEMENTS, CAGE (SEPARATOR) Figure 10 - Deep groove ball bearing, single row. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited). NOTE ] The designation Conrad bearing does not refer to the design, but to the method that Conrad invented for loading the balls into the bearing as it is being assembled. ‘The method used to assemble Conrad bearings involves simply squashing the outer ring slightly across its diameter. This makes the ring bulge enough on its diameter to allow all the balls to be loaded. This is a handy fact to know about deep groove ball bearings because you can easily remove the balls from a failed bearing to inspect the raceways. After cutting the cage, just clamp the bearing in a vise across its diameter and tighten the vise slightly until the balls drop out. 9 TeOROTEpLO TS10 Maximum Capacity Deep Groove Ball Bearing ‘The deep groove ball bearing is available in a maximum capacity series. Although this still a Type 6 bearing, the 6 is omitted since it does not use an ISO designation. As a result, the code begins with a 2 or a 3 to denote the diameter series. LOADING. Figure 11 - Maximum capacity ball bearing. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) ‘The maximum capacity ball bearing shown in Figure 11 is very similar to the deep groove balll bearing except that it is assembled with more balls. This is made possible | loading slots machined into the inner and outer raceways. The maximum capacity ball bearing offers the following features. ‘© Ithas a higher radial load capacity than a deep groove ball bearing of the same size. ‘Its axial load capacity is less than the standard deep groove ball bearing. Fort reason, it has become less popular, especially with European manufacturers. ‘+ This bearing is even more sensitive to misalignment than the deep groove ball bearing (less than five minutes of angle). Double Row Deep Groove Ball Bearing (Type 4) Another type of deep groove ball bearing is the double row deep groove ball bearing filling slots (Figure 12). This design provides a higher radial load capacity without increasing the radial dimensions. However, because of the filling slots itis restricted t mainly radial loads. For this reason it has largely been replaced by double row angula contact bearings. Figure 12 - Double row deep groove ball bearing. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limi ToAEOIGpE Odo Copyright Altera leaningSelf-Aligning Ball Bea igs Internally Self-Aligning Ball Bearing (Type 1) ‘The double row self-aligning ball bearing shown in Figure 13 is an internally self- aligning bearing that has the following features and uses, ‘* Itis used when alignment is impractical or impossible to maintain. This problem of misalignment is often due to shaft deflection. + Another situation in which self-aligning bearings are required is on shafts that ‘must operate at high speeds with extreme accuracy. Since the bearings are self- aligning they can never exert a bending influence on the shaft even when there are forces creating combined loads on the bearing and shaft assembly. ‘+ They are often used on the coupling end of overhung fan shafts. They do not support thrust loads in this application, since they are used along with a spherical roller bearing at the fan end of the shaft. They are mounted so that they are free to float axially and can also accommodate any angular misalignment due to ‘thermal movement of the bearing supports. ‘+ _Itallows for misalignment during operation of at least 1.5 degrees. + Itcan only support relatively small thrust loads in either direction ‘+ Its speed rating is approximately the same as that of a single row deep groove ball bearing ‘+ Its available with a tapered bore for mounting on a tapered adapter sleeve. This permits you to locate the bearing wherever you want it on the shaft and to adjust the internal clearance. For more information on tapered adapter sleeves please refer to the Anti-Friction Bearing Removal And Installation module. OUTER RING SEALS —— INNER RING CAGE ROLLING ELEMENTS: Figure 13 - Double row internally self-aligning ball bearing. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) rt TOOROGE OATS Copyright Albert learning12 Externally Self-Aligning Ball Bearing ‘The externally self-aligning bearing shown in Figure 14 is essentially a deep groove bi bearing that has a spherically ground outer ring that is mounted in a special housing. T enables it to support the same combination loads as a deep groove bearing mounted in cylindrical housing. The spherical seat on the outside of the outer ring allows for at lex degrees of misalignment, but does not perform well with shaft wobble, due to the frict on the spherical seat. It is intended to accommodate angular misalignment in mounting SPHERICAL SEAT Figure 14 - Externally self-aligning ball bearing. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limit: Comparison of the internally and Externally Aligning Bearings Compared to externally self-aligning bearings, internally self-aligning bearings: ‘* can only support relatively small axial loads, ‘+ have the same speed rating, ‘* can handle 1.5 degrees of misalignment, compared to 2 degrees for the exten self-aligning bearing and * are more suitable for situations where the shaft wobbles back and forth with. revolution, Single Row Angular Contact Ball Bearing (Type 7) Industrial gearboxes often use angular contact ball bearings to accommodate both rac and thrust load. ‘COMBINATION Loan’ AXIAL Coan Figure 15 - Single row angular contact ball bearing. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) Copyright Altea leamingFeatures of the Single Row Angular Contact Ball Bearing Single row angular contact ball bearings are combination load bearings that are mounted lar bearing. They are designed to support substantial thrust loads in one direction (that is, against the high shoulder on both races). They must always operate with an axial load component, which is often provided by the opposing bearing, never with pure radial load. The axial load capacity increases with an increase in the contact angle. The most common contact angle on the single row angular contact bearing is a fixed angle of 40, degrees. These bearings are also available in three or four other contact angles. The low shoulder allows a larger number of balls to be loaded during manufacture, which gives these bearings higher load ratings both radially and axially than deep groove ball bearings. In order for a radial load to be distributed between the two bearings mounted against each other, they must be accurately aligned. Intemal clearance (preload) is adjustable by moving the inner or outer rings axially. They are non-separable. ‘They are available in standard series, to be used where there is only one bearing at each location. They are also available in the universal matching series, in which two or more bearings (Which can be arranged in any order, back-to-back or face-to-face) are used in ‘one location. This series has its internal clearance pre-set in the factory. The type of series and the pre-set clearance are indicated by designations in the suffix. ‘They are still available in matched sets, which can only be arranged in the order specified by the suffix. This series uses the older system of matching and has been largely replaced by the universal matching series, although itis still used in specialty applications. They are available in precision series for machine tool spindle and other precision applications. ‘They can only tolerate a minimum of mis 1B ToUETaRI aS CCopyriaht Albena leaming,14 Arrangements of Single Row Angular Contact Bearings Because of their internal design, if these bearings are mounted singly, thrust must be ir only one direction. Used singly they can accommodate axial loads in one direction. Th can be mounted against each other in a set (especially if altemating axial loads exist), ¢ in Figure 16 or against a spacer, as in Figure 17B. Face-to-Face Tande EB Back-to-Back Figure 16 - Single row angular contact ball bearing mounting arrangements paired sets. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) BB Back-to-Back Figure 17 - Single row angular contact ball bearing mounting arrangements separate locations with a spacer. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) TURRET aoe‘The following points should be noted for the three arrangements shown in Figure 16 and Figure 17 Both the face-to-face and the back-to-back arrangements can handle reversing axial loads. The tandem arrangement can handle more radial load than the other two arrangements, but can only handle axial load in the direction towards the shoulder on the outer ring. In the back-to-back arrangement the load lines shown in Figure 16 act on the shaft at @ larger distance apart than the load lines in the face-to-face arrangement. This arrangement holds the shaft more rigidly in angular alignment than the face- to-face arrangement. Although the arrangements are the same in Figure 17 as in Figure 16, the bearings are mounted at separate locations. This is less stable than mounting together, since there is more axial movement due to temperature changes in the housing or spacer that separates the two bearings. Arrangements of three or more bearings are used to carry heavier loads. Always carefully check the arrangement shown in the engineering drawing to ensure that you mount the bearings in the correct arrangement. igh NOTE There are two common versions of these single row angular contact bearings. The standard version is to be used where only one bearing is used at each mounting position, as in Figure 17. The second version, which is for universal matching ot paired mounting in random order, must be used where two or more bearings are mounted together, as in Figure 16, Universal Matching Series The following points should be noted about the universal matching series. This series is flush ground on both faces to ensure accurate contact between the faces of the paired bearings. This ensures that the bearings are not tilted and the pre-set clearance or preload is not altered. ‘They can be installed either back-to-back or face-to-face. ‘They are manufactured with specific clearances or preloads. ‘They are identified by a suffix indicating an axial internal clearance or preload code. To ensure that you have this universal matching series, check the suffix against the manufacturer's catalogue. TOURORApEO Te Copyright Albena earning 1516 Matched Sets ‘The following points should be noted about matched sets (mentioned in the list of features for single row angular contact ball bearings). ‘© These sets are matched to give accurate pre-set clearances or preloads for face-t face, back-to-back or tandem mounting. ‘+ They can not be used in random order like the universal matching series that was just described. ‘The difference is that instead of having both faces flush ground, they have only one face ground back. This results in a definite clearance or preload when the bearings are clamped together after mounting, ‘+ To get this clearance or preload, the bearings must be arranged in the order indicated by the suffix. ‘© Both the matched sets and the universal matching series offer the convenien« and accuracy of factory pre-set clearances or preloads. ‘+ Housing and shaft fits are critical for both these series in order to maintain the factory pre-set clearances or preloads. ‘+ [fin doubt about which series to use, be sure to consult the manufacturers, representative. Double Row Angular Contact Ball Bearing (Type O) ‘The double row angular contact ball bearing (Figure 18) offers the following features. * Ithas a 30 degree or a 32 degree contact angle. ‘+The standard series without filling slots has a designation in the suffix (unique each manufacturer) to distinguish it from the maximum capacity series. + [twill take heavy radial and axial loads in both directions. ‘+ Its speed rating is lower than a deep groove ball bearing or a single row angul contact ball bearing, * This bearing cannot tolerate any misalignment, since this will alter the load distribution between the two rings. * The maximum capacity series has filling slots, which permit the maximum, ‘number of balls to be installed into the bearing. This gives the bearing a hight radial load rating and a higher axial load rating in one direction only, compar to the standard double row bearing. It will, however, accommodate light axia loads in the reverse direction. + The maximum capacity series has its own designation in the suffix of the bea number. — Slot Code number» on this side Figure 18 - Double row angular contact ball bearing. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) TORO GE doe Copyright AlbenIfthese maximum capacity angular contact bearings have shields or seals on both sides, the filling slots will be covered. The identification number is always opposite the filling slot. This enables you to locate the filling slot correctly with respect to the thrust load, as described for the ‘maximum capacity ball bearing. Four-Point Angular Contact Ball Bearing (Type QU) The four-point angular contact ball bearing (Figure 19) is a unique version of the angular contact ball bearing design. It offers the following features. © Itcan only be used for combination or axial loads so that the load does not run on the split, * Itcan handle reversing thrust loads in ei shaped raceways, which are made up of * Ithas a 35 degree contact angle. ‘+ This bearing is a separable bearing because it has a split inner ring, which ‘accommodates the assembly in some machines, ‘+ The split ring also allows it to be manufactured with a larger number of balls Thus, it is also a high capacity bearing. ‘+ Itis often used as a thrust bearing with a radial clearance in the housing. ‘+ Larger sizes (over 160 mm bores) have a locating slot in the outer ring to prevent creeping (rotation) of the outer ring. [twill tolerate only minimal amounts of misalignment. ‘© Ithas a narrow width and occupies much less axial space than a pair of single row angular contact bearings. er direction because of the uniquely ular ares that form a gothic arch. SEPARABLE GOTHIC ARCH INNER SPLIT RING RACEWAYS (EXAGGERATED) Figure 19 - Four-point angular contact ball bearing. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) 17 THODOTEpE OTE Copyright Albena learning18 Ball Thrust Bearing (Type 5) The ball thrust bearing has the following features. ‘Its designed for pure thrust load only (unlike the deep groove and maximun capacity bearings, which are intended to handle mainly radial loads and som« combined radial and thrust loading). * This bearing can be non-self-aligning single direction thrust (Figure 20), self aligning single direction thrust (Figure 21) or non-self-aligning double direct thrust (Figure 22). ‘+ The non-self-aligning ball thrust bearing cannot tolerate angular misalignmet between the shaft and housing. ‘© It is important to note that the speed limit for this bearing is only half the lim 2 radial load bearing. This is because at high speeds centrifugal force will spi the balls out of the raceways. They are intended for very slow speeds, such a: a tumtable or for oscillating movements. SHAFT WASHER 4 BALL AND CAGE CJ ‘THRUST ASSEMBLY {+ rousine waster SHAFT WASHER HOUSING WASHER: ‘SPHERED SEAT Figure 21 - Single direction external self-aligning ball thrust bearing. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) HOUSING WASHERS Copyright Alberta Feaming,Angular Contact Thrust Ball Bearings, Double Direction The angular contact ball thrust bearing shown in Figure 23 has the following features. A 60-degree contact angle and large number of balls give it a high thrust capacity and axial rigidity. ‘+ Unlike the ball thrust bearings, these bearings are capable of operating at the same speeds as a radial load bearing, For this reason they can be used on machine tool spindles, + They are manufactured to special precision accuracy (designated sp), which is a litte tess accurate than the p4 precision of the high precision bearings. Figure 23 - Angular contact thrust ball bearing, double direction. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) Roller Bearings ‘The following roller types are described below: cylindrical, needle, tapered, spherical and toroidal (popularly called CARB bearings). We will examine how each of these shapes is used to support a specific type of load in a certain speed range. Cylindrical Roller Bearings (Type NU, NJ, NUP, etc.) Features of the N and NU styles of cylindrical roller bearing are shown in Figure 24 and Figure 25. © These bearings are separable in both directions. ‘+ Since the bearings separate axially they can only support pure radial load. ‘© An angle ring (Figure 25B) can be used with the NU type to prevent axial movement in one direction. + seParaste OUTER RING Figure 24 - Axial displacement in either direction, separable outer ring (N type). (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) TOORTEApE Tae Copyright Alberta learning 1920 SEPARABLE INNER RING. he NU TYPE WITH ANGLE RIN 8 Figure 25 - Axit displacement in either direction, separable inner ring (NU type) (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) ‘The features of the NJ (Figure 26) and NUP styles (Figure 27) are as follows. © The NJ style allows axial displacement and separation in only one direction. The NUP style has two flanges that lock the shaft axially in position. © The NJ Style can be fixed axially by installing an angle ring on one side (see Figure 26B). FIXED FLANGE (ON INNER RING—> J<— NJ TYPE WITH ANGLE RIN Figure 26 - Axial positioning in one direetion (NJ type). (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) |<— LOOSE FLANGE ON INNER RING OR USE AN ANGLE RING WITH TYPE NJ OR NU Figure 27 - Axial positioning in both directions (NUP type). (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) TeORORapEO aoe Copyright Aber learningMiscellaneous Facts about Cylindrical Roller Bearings ‘The cylindrical shape has a considerably larger load area of contact than a ball bearing of the same diameter (Figure 28). This gives it a much greater radial load capacity. The speed rating is identical to that of standard deep groove ball bearings. ‘The maximum angular misalignment they can tolerate is three minutes. This misalignment is possible because the raceway is slightly spherical (curved across its ‘width) and the rollers have a slightly curved transition section at each end. This transition section relieves any edge stress caused by small amounts of angular misalignment. The amount of angular misalignment that can occur without end stress on the rollers depends on the internal clearance. The less intemal clearance, the less angular ‘misalignment can be tolerated. This is an important fact that applies to all types of roller bearings. They are available in precision series and with different internal clearances. POINT CONTACT Figure 28 - Areas of contact: cylindrical roller versus the ball bearing. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) Other cylindrical roller bearing designs include double or four row arrangements of the N and NU styles that have just been described. They bear the designations NN and NNU respectively and are designed to support higher loads without increasing the radial dimension of the bearing. LINE CONTACT Another way in which the load capacity of the cylindrical roller bearing is increased is by increasing the number of rollers in a bearing of a given size. This is similar to the way in which the maximum capacity deep groove ball bearing gets its higher capacity. These types of bearings with the extra rolling elements are described as full complement bearings. Cylindrical Roller Thrust Bearing (Type 8) As shown in Figure 29, the cylindrical roller bearing is available in a thrust configuration for very heavy thrust loads. HOUSING WASHER Figure 29 - Cylindrical roller thrust bearing (Type 8). (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) Needle, tapered roller and spherical roller thrust bearings are also available. TOON aoe Copyright Albena leaming2 Needle Bearings (Code NA or NK) ‘There are a variety of types of needle bearings available on the market today, many of them designed for special applications. Three of the more common ones are shown below. Figure 30 - Needle bearing with no cage or inner ring. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) ORAWN STEEL CUP Figure 31 - Needle bearing with drawn steel cup and no inner ring (HK type). (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) MACHINED INNER ‘ROUTER RINGS Figure 32 - Needle bearing with machined inner and outer rings (NA or NK types: (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) Copyright Alberts tearing‘The features of the needle bearings in Figure 30, Figure 31 and Figure 32 are as follows. ‘* They are assembled to support radial loads only. + They are similar to cylindrical rollers except that they are two and a half to ten times as long as their diameter. * The rollers have a modified shape to minimize edge loading and allow two or three minutes of misalignment. ‘* Their small diameter allows them to be used where radial space is limited. ‘+ Their extended length gives them a high load capacity due to a long contact area under each loaded roller. ‘= Since the rolling elements are thin and thus light in weight, they can operate at high speeds (ex: with cage up to 6300 rpm, without cage 3300 rpm). ‘* The cageless design in Figure 30 is restricted to very slow speeds or oscillating motions since the rollers rub against each other. It is made only in inch series and has largely been replaced by the caged types. ‘+The drawn steel cup design in Figure 31 must be fitted to a smooth, accurately machined housing. Since the thin-walled cup can be slightly out of round, it will conform to the housing bore and depends on the bore for uniform support. ‘© The bearings in Figure 30 and Figure 31 ride directly on the shaft, which must be ground and hardened. This design occupies the least radial space and saves the expense of an inner ring. ‘+ The bearing in Figure 32 has accurately ground, solid steel rings. Although these bearings are not quite as compact radially as the drawn cup design, they can be fitted to a housing bore that is interrupted by a groove or a step under the ring. ‘* The bearing with the inner ring saves the shaft from wearing out at the bearing location, ‘The needle bearing is one of the oldest designs of anti-friction bearing used to replace the plain (friction) bearings. It has been found in hubs of the Celtic cart from 300 BC. Tapered Roller Bearings (Type 3) ‘The tapered roller bearing series begins with the basic single row tapered roller design (Figure 33). This basic design is easily modified to accommodate a large number of specific applications. In this topic you will become acquainted with some of the more common configurations of this bearing There are some complications regarding the numbers for these bearings. The Timken Company, which is the major producer of these bearings, makes bearings mainly in inch sizes. The inch series does not follow the ISO five-digit basic code. Although most of the tapered roller bearings you will use will be Timken bearings, there are also many of these bearings made in the metric series by other manufacturers. TSURORaBE Tae Copyright Albert learning 23,Single Row In Figure 33 you can see the following parts: © the inner ring, called the cone and © the outer ring, called the cup. ‘The cage, cone and rollers are one assembly called the cone assembly. This assembly is separable from the cup. cone TAPERED ROLLERS cage Figure 33 - Single row tapered roller bearing. (Courtesy The Timken Company The cage has three functions ‘to space the rollers so that they do not rub against each other, + to align the rollers and ‘* to push the rollers through heavier loaded zone. Tapered Roller Bearing Features The tapered roller bearing has the following features. # The tapered raceways allow the tapered roller bearing to carry heavy combine: radial and thrust loads in one direction. They are used in pairs to accommodate reversing loads and prevent separation © The speed rating is */; the speed of a deep groove ball bearing of the same size (Figure 9). The thrust load capacity is dependent on the raceway angles (Figure 34). ‘© Because of the tapered design of the rollers and raceways, the internal axial an radial clearances are set by moving the cup and cone axially closer together or farther apart. This has the advantage that shaft and housing tolerances are not critical. © They can only tolerate three minutes of misalignment. oz ToORO Dap. O aE Copyright Albena learning, Ce elsIn Figure 34, the angles formed between the rollers and the raceways is shown to converge at a common point on the centreline of the shaft. This geometry ensures that the roller rolls and does not skid or bind. CUP RACEWAY ANGLE. CONE RACEWAY ANGLE. Figure 34 - Geometry of tapered roller bearing. (Courtesy The Timken Company) The single row configuration shown in Figure 35 is the most commonly used tapered roller bearing. It is available with any of the following features: ‘© various roller lengths to suit different loads. © various raceway angles to suit different loads, * pressed steel cage as standard, * pin-type cage to allow closer roller spacing for more rollers to provide a ‘maximum capacity bearing for higher loads (also used on larger bearings for ‘manufacturing reasons) and * integral seals. PRESSED STEEL CAGE PIN CAGE Figure 35 - Single row tapered roller bearing, (Courtesy The Timken Company) 25 ToORTp.T doe Copyright Albena eaming ooPaired Taper Roller Bearing Assemblies The paired tapered roller bearings shown in Figure 36A have the following features. ‘They are intended for reversing axial loads. ‘They have a higher load capacity than similar sized angular contact bearings. The paired assembly, including the precision-ground spacers, offers the convenience and accuracy of pre-set factory clearances. This is a matched assembly, so its components can not be interchanged with another set. A snap ring cup spacer provides a means of locating the bearing axially. Matched sets of these bearings can be identified by the rolled spacer ring between the cone assemblies. ‘These paired bearings serve the same functions as the universal matching series angular contact ball bearings and in the same way can be arranged back-to-back of face-to-face (Figure 36B and C), SNAP RING. ‘SPACER FACE TO FACE BACK TO BACK Tapered Raley Beating Arrangements FACE TO FACE BACK TOBACK Single Row Angular Contact Ball Bearing Arrangements Figure 36 - Matched taper roller bearings and a comparison of arrangements. (Courtesy The Timken Company) TAROT OE Copyeaht Alberta Fearing,Paired Unmatched Assembly The following points should be noted about the unmatched paired bearings in Figure 37. * The unmatched assembly in Figure 37 serves the same purpose as the assembly shown in Figure 36, ‘© Because its parts are not matched, it offers the convenience of being inter- changeable with any other assembly that has the same component numbers. ‘* This unmatched assembly can be recognized by the rectangular spacer ring between the cone assemblies. ‘* It also has a snap ring groove machined into the cup spacer to provide a means of locating the bearing axially. CUP SPACER WITH SNAP RING GROOVE RECTANGULAR CONE SPACER Figure 37 - Paired tapered roller bearing unmatched assembly. (Courtesy The Timken Company) ‘The spacer rings are additional components to the tapered roller bearing assembly. The following points should be noted about spacer rings. ‘+ They control the internal clearance or preload of the bearing. ‘+ They are factory ground to match the bearing. ‘+ The bearing can have cup or cone spacers or both, depending on the bearing configuration. © They are designed to eliminate manual setting of internal clearance. Because the spacer makes the bearing non-adjustable, shaft and housing fits are critical in ‘order to maintain the factory pre-set clearance. These fits from the fit tables must bbe used to get the proper clearances. ‘* The bearing must be clamped at the cup or the cone to hold the cups or cones against the spacer. © They can have grooves and ports for lubrication. 27 ToOzOzapEO doe CCopyriaht Albena learning aDouble Row Both bearings in Figure 38 are for heavy engineering applications such as large gear reducers, cranes, marine drives and mining and construction equipment. These are matched pre-set assemblies, so the components are not interchangeable. DOUBLE CUP BI bouste cone Figure 38 - Double row tapered roller bearings (for heavy engineering). (Courtesy The Timken Company) ‘The double cone assembly can be made with a tapered bore for use in pillow block ‘mounting, such as on rolling mills and calendar rolls for paper and plastic sheeting. ‘The double cup assembly shown in Figure 38A is available with the following features. ‘+ Itcan be used as a floating assembly in a housing. ‘* Itrequires a cone spacer. + There is a variation on this double cup assembly that eliminates the cone spacer by using extended cone front faces to obtain the desired internal clearances or preloads. With this bearing the components are interchangeable. * There are also four-row tapered roller bearings available, these are able to carry heavier loads in a compact assembly. + The double cone assembly shown in Figure 38B is available with similar featur to the double cup assembly. However, itis intended as floating assembly on a shaft and requires a cup spacer. Tae GS Copyright Alberta earning $$$Spherical Roller Bearing (Type 2) The spherical roller bearing in Figure 39 has the following features, + The barrel-shaped rollers provide a very wide load-carrying contact area. ‘* This shape provides combined thrust (in both directions) and radial load capacity. * Another feature is the spherical roller track on the outer race that allows for internal self-alignment. It allows misalignment to vary from 1 degree for the smaller series to 2.5 degrees for the larger series without any reduction in bearing capacity. * As shown in Figure 39 these bearings are most commonly made in a double-row configuration, + The spherical roller bearing is also available in a single-row design. This has @ very high radial load capacity but very little thrust capacity. Figure 39 - Double row spherical roller bearing. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) A variation on the convex shape of the standard spherical roller bearing is the concave roller shown in Figure 40. The surface of this roller is dished in instead of bulging out. It rolls on a convex inner ring in a double-row configuration. Figure 40 - Concave roller bearing. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) ToURT zap DOS Copyright Albena learning 29CARB Bearings Description The CARB bearing is relatively new. A Swedish technician invented it to solve bearing failure problems on the dryer rolls in paper mills. It was developed by the SKF Bearing ‘Company and came on the market around 1995. Since then its applications have been spreading to fan bearings, steel mills, gearboxes and other applications requiring a better floating bearing CARB SPHERICAL ROLLER Figure 41 - Comparing the CARB bearing to the spherical roller bearing. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) Figure 41 shows the toroidal shape of the CARB bearing compared to a spherical roller bearing. This shape makes it radially compact like a needle bearing but with some of the misalignment capability of the spherical roller. In fact, the trade name CARB is an acronym for compact aligning roller bearing and is a registered SKF trademark. CARB Bearing Features ‘The CARB bearing shown in Figure 42 is a floating bearing that offers the following features. ‘+ Unlike needle or cylindrical roller bearings, this bearing can accommodate up t 0.5 degrees angular misalignment. © Ithas the same dynamic load rating as a spherical roller bearing. + Full complement (maximum capacity) CARB bearings are available in certain sizes. These full complement bearings have no cages, which allows more roller This gives them a higher load rating than similar sized spherical roller bearings. ‘The load rating advantage increases as the bore size increases (30% higher than spherical roller on the 260 mm bore size and about 6% higher on the 50 mm bo size), + Itcan allow more axial displacement than any other bearing (up to 20% of its, width, depending on the internal clearance), ‘+ Itis not recommended for thrust load. 30 TeORORpE Ode Copyright Alberta learning ee* It allows end float with negligible friction resistance. This means that axial loads are not induced, as is often the case when the outer ring of a spherical roller bearing hangs up in a pillow block due to corrosion or distortion. Its internal clearance is adjustable (using a tapered adapter sleeve). Itis radially compact like a needle bearing. Itis available in all the spherical roller bearing sizes. Itis the same price as a spherical roller bearing. It is replacing the double row self-aligning ball bearing as the floating bearing in pillow block mounting on overhung fan shafts. ANGULAR MISALIGNMENT AXIAL ! DISPLACEMENT»! Figure 42 - Misalignment and axi 31 TARP OTS CCopycight Albena leaming32 Objective Two When you have completed this objective, you will be able to: Describe the type, size and features of anti-friction bearings from the bearing code. ISO Identification of Anti-Friction Bearings Correct identification of a bearing is critical for the following two reasons: ‘© to get the correct dimensions to fit the bearing to the machine and © to get the performance required for the conditions under which the bearing will operate, The ISO identification provides a standardized code for the standard external dimensions of metric size bearings. This ensures the correct fit. vm ree (eenaieen Figure 43 - Bearing code. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) ‘As shown in Figure 43, anti-friction bearings are identified by a code engraved on one side of the outer bearing ring. This code consists of a prefix followed by the basic ‘number, which is then followed by a suffix. Identification is based on three points: ‘© the bearing type (deep groove ball bearing, tapered roller bearing, etc.). © extemal dimensions (width, outside diameter, inside diameter) and ‘+ additional features such as internal design, seals, cage material, etc. TRUROEapEO aoe Copyright Albert leeringISO Bearing Standards About eighteen large bearing manufacturers have adopted ISO standards and codes for ‘metric bearings. ISO bearings can be recognized by the standard four or five-digit code that is described in this objective. ISO bearing standards and codes only apply to the following features: «the bearing type, ‘© the boundary dimensions for metric bearings and * some, but not all, of the additional features in the suffix. NOTE This means that the external dimensions of metric bearings comply with ISO standards. However, the additional features that affect the performance are not standardized. Therefore, you will always get the same fit when you interchange different makes of metric bearings, but not necessarily the same performance. Always check the bearing manufacturer for suffix specifications before attempting to substitute a bearing. Non-ISO Standards and Codes The following are non-ISO: inch series. © maximum capacity series, © North American automotive and agricultural bearing manufacturers, ‘+ many North American tapered roller bearings, since many of them are made for inch fits or to automotive or agricultural standards and. ‘+ most of the designations in the suffixes. The non-ISO bearings do not bear the standard four- or five-digit code that is described in this objective. Always establish the name of the manufacturer before you attempt to find a substitute. The danger of substituting the wrong bearing is extreme for non-ISO series, as shown in the following example: | «SKF RLS 10 =an inch series deep groove ball bearing, bore size 1'/" (Figure 43A) * FAG RLS 10 =an inch series cylindrical roller bearing, bore size 1" (Figure 43A) These are two completely different bearings with exactly the same code. Carefully check the manufacturer's specifications for non-ISO series as well as for specifications given in the suffix! When ordering bearings from various manufacturers or suppliers, the signit bearing code becomes evident where it is critical that the bearing size, operating speed and load capacity be suitable for the intended application. Toon OTE Copyright Alber leaming 33ISO Bearing Type and Size ‘The following explanation of codes follow the ISO system for metric bearings only. This system is being explained because it is the most widely used in all countries. How to Identify a Bearing from its ISO Basic Code ‘The first numbers or letters in the basic number identify the type of bearing. These numbers or letters were used with each description in the previous study on identification For example, the standard deep groove ball bearing was identified as Series 6 and the cylindrical bearing was NU. Following is a complete list of these letters and numbers: Series | Type of Bearing oO Double Row Angular Contact Ball Bearing Double Row Self-Aligning Ball Bearing 2 _ | Spherical Roller Bearing 3__| Tapered Roller Bearing 4 | Double Row Deep Groove Ball Bearing 5 _| Ball Thrust Bearing 6 _| Single Row Deep Groove Ball Bearing | 8 Single Row Angular Contact Ball Bearing Cylindrical Roller Thrust Bearing Single Row Cylindrical Roller Radial Load Bearing NNU_| Double Row Cylindrical Roller Bearing (Qd_[ Four-Point Angular Contact Ball Bearing Table 1 ISO basic codes for metric bearings. Figure 44 provides an overview of the ISO basic code, an explanation of which follows. /* Inthe 4-digit code 6XXX , the 6 represents the type of bearing. (+ Inthe 5-digit code X21XX, the 21 is the dimension series in which the 2 represents the width series and the 1 is the outside diameter series. ‘Inthe 5-digit code XXX08, the 08 refers to the nominal bearing bore which in this case is 40 mm. You take the last two numbers and multiply by 5 to get the bore size. If you have the bore size of a bearing you can divide the nominal bor« in mm by 5 to get the bearing number. - Under 10 mm and over 500 mm the actual diameter is given after a backslash (/). For example, 6184 has a 4 mm bore and 239/950 has a 950 mm bore. The backslash is always used in large bore sizes, but not always in the small bore sizes. = For bore sizes of 10 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm and 17 mm the last two are 00, 01, 02 and 03 respectively. - For bearings with tapered bores, the nominal bore diameter refers to the small end of the taper. 34 Toon Toe Copyright Albena leamingGE es DIAGRAM OF THE BASIC DESIGNATION SYSTEM FOR ROLLING BEARINGS Pn a Se me “ BB S Nore ae ee 3 umber in oes i Es Se SR S 2 valine SS BR ietearrgcooconne (ONO ame BS Bo: beanng orimthe catalogue. (ou Sno deg Sap slae_Sor 2 3 tor ince | 8 Ben EL BBBOB2a B&B ee ee Seeies ae ma o00%0 we FEARING SERES Figure 44 - ISO designation plan for the basic code. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited). NOTE ‘You will see both four-digit and five-digit bearing codes. The reason for each code is as follows. ‘© The four-digit codes are used for single row ball bearings since they only have one width series and have no need for a width number (only a diameter number), ‘+ The five-digit code is used for roller bearings and some double row ball bearings. which are made in a number of width series. This requires a number for the width as well as the diameter series. 35 ToaaOapE aoe Copyright Albers leaming36 How to Identify a Bearing by Measurement ‘The type and the dimension series of a bearing can be identified when the bearing number cannot be read from the bearing. This situation can occur when the bearing has been installed with the number facing inside the housing where it is not visible or when the bearing is severely damaged and the number has been destroyed by heat or abrasior To identify the bearing you can use the following procedure. 1. Measure the principal dimensions of the bearing (the inside diameter, the outs: diameter and the width). 2. Identify the bearing and look it up in a bearing catalogue. 3. By looking up the dimensions that you have obtained by measuring, find the cx for this bearing listed against these dimensions, Generic Supplementary Designations The supplementary designations are given in the prefixes before the main code and int suffixes after the main code. Although most of these are not standardized, the followin are used industry-wide and are very useful to know. * C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 indicate the amount of internal clearance. C1 is the sm clearance, C5 is the largest and the normal clearance lies between C2 and C3 ‘+ K indicates a tapered bore if its taper ratio is 1:12. If the taper ratio is 1:30, as will be on very large bearings, the designation will be K30, ‘+ P4, P5 and P6 indicate the precision of the bearing. P4 is more precise than PS and PS is more precise than P6, Normal precision has no designation, ‘These supplementary designations appear in the suffix after the main bearing code. Features of these bearings are as follows. + They are used where high-speed, vibration-free operation is required. A typic: application is on grinding spindles. * These bearings are made in two common contact angles of 15 degrees or 25 degrees. Each of these angles is indicated in the suffix. * Following the letters in the suffix that indicate the contact angle is a P numbe which is the tolerance code to indicate the accuracy of the dimensions within bearing, The standard tolerance for these precision bearings is P4A. Since different manufacturers have their own supplementary designations before or after the basic code, it is essential to check their catalogues to be certain that you have the correct bearing. TaURDapT Ode Copyright Albena eamingHow to Get the Correct Bearing for each of the Operating Conditions Speed The speed limit of a bearing depends on how smoothly it rolls and on how much friction ithas. The things that affect the smoothness and friction are: ‘© the type of rolling element, the size of the rolling element, the precision of the bearing, the type of cage, the method of lubrication and the type of lubricant and the type of seal (contact or non-contact). Ifyou have to determine whether a bearing is suitable for a particular high-speed application, you should check with the manufacturer. Load ‘The dynamic load rating of a bearing depends on the load distribution. The load distribution depends on the size of the rolling element, the type of bearing and the loaded zone. ‘+ A larger rolling element distributes the load over a larger area, which increases its load rating, The size is indicated by the width and outside diameter numbers given in the basic code number. ‘+ Different types of bearings distribute the load over different areas. You should consult the bearing manufacturer when you have to check ifthe load rating on a bearing is adequate. * An increase in the loaded zone results in the load being distributed over more rolling elements. The loaded zone can be increased by reducing the intemal clearance or by increasing the contact angle. NOTE ‘The load and speed ratings given in the manufacturer's catalogue are calculated for only 1 000 000 revolutions, after which the bearing may fail. This would represent only a little over 9 hours of operation in a ‘machine turning at 1780 rpm. These ratings should only be used to compare bearings to determine which has the higher rating. To determine which bearing to use for your operating conditions, consult the bearing manufacturer. 37 TOUSORPE VTE Copyright Alberta fearingDirty Environment To get the expected service life out of a bearing, contaminants must be kept out by som« ‘means of sealing. There are a number of integral and external seals to suit various conditions. Seals are a consideration in the selection of a bearing since integral seals are part of the bearing assembly. Please refer to the Bearing Seals and Pillow Blocks modul for more information on bearing seals. The two types of integral seals are: ‘© non-rubbing seals and rubbing seals. Nom-rubbing seals are often referred to as shields. They are made of.sheet metal and an attached to the outer ring(s), but leave a small gap at the inner ring. They can exclude only coarse contaminants. Their advantage is that they do not restrict the running speee Rubbing seals consist of a sheet metal shield attached to the outer ring, but with a synthetic rubber lip seal that contacts the shaft. These bearings are factory lubricated f¢ since the lips retain the pre-packed grease. The rubbing seal can keep out vapours, is and fine contaminants. The disadvantage of this seal is that it restricts the runni speed of the bearing. Also, its use is limited to smaller sized bearings, under 70 mm. T. is because at high speeds the friction from the seal rubbing against the shaft produces 1 heat than the lip can withstand. The suffix of the bearing number provides a designation for a shield or a rubbing seal common designation is "Z" for a shield and "RS" for a rubbing seal. Wet Environment As mentioned, rubbing seals can be used to protect smaller sized bearings from moist However, seals are not available on some types and sizes of bearings. For a bearing th will withstand moisture you should select one with stainless parts and a brass or polyamide cage. ‘These features are indicated by a designation in the suffix. Check the manufacturer's catalogue to ensure that you get the features that you need. Quiet Operation To achieve quiet operation, a bearing is made to closer tolerances than normal, whict ensures smoother and therefore quieter running, The tolerance classes that are norma used for quiet running are P6 and PS. Close Radial Guidance (Minimum Shaft Deflection) ‘On high-speed machine tool spindles, minimum deflection of the spindle is critical fi ‘accurate machining. To achieve this running accuracy, the bearings must be made to closer than normal tolerances. The most commonly used tolerances are P6, PS and P which P6 is the least accurate and P4 is the most accurate, High-Temperature Operation Most standard bearings are dimensionally stable up to 120 degrees Celsius. Above t temperatures they lose their accuracy. For operation at temperatures above 120 degt bearings specially stabilized for these temperatures are available, The temperature Ii for which they have been stabilized is given a specific designation in the suffix. Bez for temperatures up to 350 degrees Celsius are available, 38 TaaaaapET aeSelf-Test 1. For each of the following illustrations of a bearing, state: the type of bearing, © type of load the bearing normally supports (radial, axial or combination), © if it can tolerate reversing thrust loads or thrust in one direction only and * if this bearing can tolerate misalignment greater than ten minutes. a) Figure 45 - Question 1a. (Courtesy SKF Canada Li vy Figure 46 - Question 1b. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) ° 4) Figure 48 - Question 1d. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) Toa OS vaght Albert leaming°) ee Figure 49 - Question 1e. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) aa) Figure 50 - Question If. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) | E Figure 51 - Question 1g. (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) | Gi Figure 52 - Question th. (Courtesy SKF Canada Li i) Ci® Figure 53 - Question 1i. (Courtesy SKF Canada Lit red) aL | TaRTTS Copyright Albena learning__& Figure 54 - Question 1j. (Courtesy SKF Canada Li red) re 58 - Question In, (Courtesy SKF Canada Limited) ToORiapE DaeUse the ISO designation plan in objective two of this module to interpret each of the following codes. State ‘© the type of bearing, the width and/or diameter series, ‘© the bore diameter in millimetres and the features indicated by each of the suffixes (if suffixes are given). a) 6211 C3 b) 206 ©) 1215K 4) 7311 ) Q5209 ) NU 1015C1 g) 22216K CS hy 30210 i) 7005 PAA 3, Foreach of the bearings in the list below, state: what type of load the bearing normally supports (axial, radial or combination) and, if applicable, whether it can support reversing thrust loads or thrust in one direction only. 8). Single row deep groove ball bearing: b) Single row angular contact ball bearing: ¢) Self-aligning ball bearings: d) Maximum capacity single row deep groove ball bearings: ) Double row spherical roller bearing: 4B | Tope Uae 1 Copyright Altea laming) Four-point contact ball bearing: 2) Single row tapered roller bearing: h) Double row tapered roller bearing: i) Cylindrical roller bearings of the types NU, N. NJ and NUP: i) Needle bearing: k) CARB bearing: The following questions refer to a bearing with the following code: 7316 BE CB Y 2RS. a) Which number gives the basic code’ b) What type of bearing is this? ©) Does the code give the width or the diameter series? d) What is the bore diameter in mm of this bearing? ‘The following questions refer to a 6218 J GB C2 bearing. a) What type of bearing is this? b) What is the diameter series? ©) What is the bore diameter in mm? d) Does this bearing have more or less radial internal clearance than normal6. The questions below refer to a 23226CCK/W33 CS. a) b) °) a) » What type of bearing is this? What is the width series of this bearing? ‘What is the diameter series? What is its bore diameter in mm? ‘Which number or letter designates a tapered bore? What is the taper ratio of this bore? Do North American automotive and agricultural manufacturers use ISO or non-ISO designations? Tea Copyright Alberta leaming, 4sSelf-Test Answers 1. ‘a) double row self-aligning ball bearing; radial toad; in two directions: yes ) single row deep groove ball bearing: combination load; in two directions, moderate load: no ) single row angular contact ball bearing; combination load; in one direction; no 4) double row angular contact ball bearing; combination load; in two directions: n e) four-point contact ball bearing; combination loads; in two directions; no f)_ single row cylindrical roller bearing with separable inner ring; radial loads; no axial loads: no g) single row cylindrical roller bearing type with separable outer ting; radial loads only; no axial loads; no . h) maximum capacity deep groove ball bearing; combination loads; in two directions, light load; no i) needle bearing without inner ring; pure radial load only: no axial load ;no j) double row spherical roller bearing; combination loads; in two directions: yes k) single row taper roller bearing; combination loads; in one direction, heavy load no 1) single direction ball thrust bearing: pure thrust load; in one dire m) CARB bearing; radial; not recommended for thrust load: yes n)_ extemal self-aligning deep groove ball bearing with extended rin; loads; in two directions; yes no combinatio a) single row deep groove balll bearing: diameter series 2! nominal bore diameter 55 mm; with internal radial clearance greater than normal b) maximum capacity single row deep groove ball bearing; diameter series 2; nominal bore 30 mm ) double row internally self-aligning ball bearing; diameter series 2: nominal diameter at the small end of the bore is 75 mm; with a 1:12 tapered bore 4)_ single row angular contact ball bearing: diameter series 3; nominal bore of 5S €) four-point contact ball bearing: diameter series 2: nominal bore 45 mm f) single row cylindrical roller bearing: width series 1, diameter series 0; 75 mm nominal bore; smallest possible internal clearance 8) double row spherical roller bearing: width series 2, diameter series 0; with nominal bore diameter at the small end of 80 mm; 1:12 taper bore and having ‘greatest possible radial internal clearance ‘h) single row metric taper roller bearing; width series 0, diameter series 2; nomit bore 50: mm i) single row angular contact bearing; 0 diameter series: precision bearing with a P4A tolerance mm nominal bore: h 1a) combination, two directions ) combination, one direction axial ©) radial 4) radial only €) combination, two directions f)_ reversing thrust loads 2) combination or one direction axial h) combination or reversing thrust i) radial i) radial k) radial ToORD zap E ‘Copyright Alber learninga) b) °) 4) b) °) 4) a) ») ©) 4) e) 2) 7316 single row angular contact ball bearing diameter series only 80 mm deep groove ball bearing 2 90 mm 2 indicates less radial internal clearance than normal spherical roller bearing, 3 2 130mm kK 112 ‘non-ISO designations Copyright Altona leaming TOONTapE OTe 47Glossary basic code or number cup cone face fixing ring sort internal clearance loaded zone matched assembly nominal bore diameter pillow block 48 TaaDapE Taos Parallel to the axis of the bearing, Describes the type of bearing (design code), the dimension series and the nominal bore diameter in millimetres. The outer ring of a tapered roller bearing The inner ring of a tapered roller bearing, The side of the inner ring that takes the thrust load on deep groov ball bearings and angular contact bearings. On an angular contact bearing it is the wide side of the inner ring. A spacer ring with a large gap at its circumference. Itis fitted beside a bearing in a pillow block to prevent axial movement of the bearing inside the pillow block A complete bearing assembly that can be installed as a unit, like cartridge, into a pillow block or flange-type housing. ‘The clearance between the rolling elements and the raceways of bearing. This clearance can be in the radial direction (at right angles to the bearing axis) or axial (parallel to the bearing axis). ‘The symbols C1, C2 or C3 designate the amount of radial intern: clearance. Letters in the suffix, which are different for each manufacturer, indicate the amount of axial internal clearance, Refers to the sector of the stationary ring in a bearing that is und load. The size of this loaded sector is given in degrees of arc. All the parts of a bearing have been factory matched and can not be interchanged with another bearing. For example, on metric series tapered roller bearings, the cup is matched to the cone assembly and can not be interchanged with the cup or cone of another bearing. ‘The diameter given to a bearing bore to identify the size of that bearing. The actual size may be slightly smaller, but never large than the nominal bore diameter for metric-sized bearings. The ‘maximum allowable size of any metric bearing is the nominal & diameter. ‘An independent housing for a bearing as opposed to being an integral part of a machine, Copyright Alberta earning ——————_— ree SSSprecision Refers to the accuracy of a bearing and is an indication of how true the bearing will turn. It is measured by the amount of runout on the bbore and on the outer circumference when the unloaded bearing is tured. Except for tapered roller bearings, precision is indicated by a suffix that begins with a P followed by a number and/or letter. The following table describes the precision class codes for tapered roller bearings, starting with the most accurate: INCH SYSTEM METRIC SYSTEM Precision Class Precision Class Class 00 Class A Class 0 Class B Class 3 Class C Standard Class Standard Class Class 2 Class N Class 4 Class K prefix ‘The letter or number that comes before the basic bearing code. It is used to designate a separate component of a bearing assembly, such as the thrust washer on a thrust bearing assembly. preload The load applied to the rolling elements of a bearing by mounting it tightly enough to remove all the intemal clearance and apply a load to the raceways and rolling elements. This preload can be axial or radial. It is applied in cases where the rolling elements might spin or skid on the raceways or where a rigid assembly is necessary. radial At right angles to the axis of the bearing. runout Wobble of the shaft measured by how much the center of rotation deviates from the at rest position of the centre of the shaft. seal Can be of two classes, rubbing and non-rubbing. The rubbing seal makes contact with all the sealing surfaces while the non-rubbing seal leaves a small gap at one of the seal surfaces. dimension series The numbers in the basic bearing code that come after the design code, These numbers describe the width and the outside diameter ofa bearing of a given bore size. service weight ‘An obsolete system to describe whether the outside dimensions are larger or smaller than normal for a bearing of a given bore size. It would designate bearings as super light duty, very light duty, light duty, ete. This system has been replaced by the series numbers to distinguish light duty from heavy or normal duty bearings, 49 Copyright Albert learning aeshield A type of non-contact seal that is attached to a bearing. spacer A precision-ground ring used between a pair of mounted bearing to set the axial intemal clearance or preload. suffix Number(s) or letter(s) that come after the basic bearing code. Tht suffixes describe internal design, extemal design, cage type and other features type of bearing Describes the shape of the rolling element and the shape of the raceway of the bearing, universal random Bearings that can be mounted against each other back to back. fe matching to face or in tandem and still retain the factory pre-set internal clearance or preload. Both faces of these bearings have been flus ground, 50 TOOROaPE CADE Copyright Alberta fearing, eee=— Excelence Throw, Module Number 160202a Version 2.0 The Individual Learning Modules Project is committed to continuous updating and is interested in y« comments regarding technical accuracy and clarity of presentation. Please visit our web site to register ‘comment. To view the ongoing discussion, go to the Bulletin Board. www.tradesecrets.org/ilm The Individual Leaming Modules Project would like to thank the many companies for their contributio gratefully acknowledges their valuable input. A complete listing of contributors can be found at our we ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 19 Hr Mey he Cus ht en ot A ee y & the Minster of Alberta Leaming, 10? floor Commerce Pace, kémonton, Alberta So Cana T3115 Alright eurved. Nop of hs rately be eprodced in Printed in Cana ay omer ayers, wnt the por wen Ss the Mier of on Recycled Pa Arta Lerming wt