ti

THIT K V CH TO
NGUN N P U RA C
NH V N P U RA
THAY I
 MC LC Trang

M u

Phn I: C S L THUYT

I. Khi nim v ngun p thp mt chiu. 3

II. L thuyt bin p, cc loi IC n p, chnh lu, IC iu chnh in p. 4
III. Lc cc thnh phn xoay chiu. 11
IV. n nh in p. 12

Phn II. THIT K MCH NGUN P THP MT CHIU U RA

C NH.

I. S khi 13
II. Phng n thit k 15
III. Mch thc t 16

Phn III. THIT K MCH NGUN P THP U RA THAY I.

I. S khi 18
II. Phng n thit k 18
III. Mch thc t 20

Phn IV: KT LUN

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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M U

Ngy nay, vi i hi ca s pht trin Khoa hc K thut, th cc thit b in

t ngy cng xut hin nhiu v c nhng nh hng ng k n cc lnh vc
trong kinh t v cng nghip. V cc thit b in t th u i hi ngun cung
cp phi c in p ph hp, n nh cao thit b c th hot ng tt v
t chnh xc cao v h thng hot ng n nh. Cc k thut ch to cc
ngun in n p, cng sut cao, kch thc nh gn, n nh cao ang l mt
trong nhng vn c ch .

T tm quan trng ca vic ng dng ngun n p c nh v n p thay i gi

tr vo trong thc t th nhm em chn ti : Thit k v ch to ngun
n p u ra c nh v n p u ra thay i.

Trong qu trnh thc hin ti chng em chn thnh cm n s gip , hng

dn tn tm ca thy gio : ThS: L Vn Min gip chng em hon thnh
ti ny.

Do kin thc v kh nng ca bn thn chng em cn nhiu hn ch nn qu

trnh thc hin v hon thnh ti cn nhiu thiu st, nn chng em rt mong
s gp ca cc thy c chng em c th hon thin cc ti ln sau mt
cch hon thin v tt hn.

Sinh vin thc hin :

o Vn Thn

Nguyn c Thnh

Hong Anh
THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I
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Phn I . C S L THUYT.

I. Khi nim v ngun p thp mt chiu.

Ngun mt chiu c nhim v cung cp ngun in mt chiu cho cc
thit b in t hot ng. Ngun mt chiu c ly t ngun xoay chiu dn
dng, qua bin i h p bng bin p, v x l qua mch n p v c nh u
ra n gi tr cn thit.
Yu cu ca loi ngun ny l : u ra phi t ph thuc vo in p xoay
chiu, cc tc nhn khc nh nhit , bt n dng xoay chiu, t c
iu th ngi ta thng s dng bin p h p ngun xoay chiu 220V v
sau n nh dng in cng nh a dng v cc mc mt chiu cn thit
bng h thng mch gm cc linh kin n p, chnh lu, lc,
S khi :

Chc nng ca cc khi:

- Bin p: bin i dng xoay chiu 220V thnh dng xoay chiu
c in p ph hp
- Mch chnh lu: Chuyn ip p U2 thnh dng mt chiu c in
p n nh, t nhp nh.
- B lc: San bng in p mt chiu UT thnh dng mt chiu n
nh v t nhp nh hn na.
- B n p: n nh in p ra mt gi tr c th, hoc nu l mch
thay i th b ny c nhim v cho in p ra thay i theo yu cu.

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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II. L thuyt bin p, cc loi IC n p, chnh lu, IC iu chnh in p.
1. Bin p.
Bin p c nhim v bin i dng in xoay chiu t mng in dn dng
thnh dng xoay chiu c in p cn thit i vi mch chnh lu

.
2. Cc loi IC n p.
a. H 78xx.
78xx l loi dng IC dng n nh in p dng u ra vi iu
kin u vo lun lun ln hn u ra 3V
Ty loi IC 78 m n n p u ra l bao nhiu.
v d : 7806 - 7809...
+ 78xx gm c 3 chn :
1 : Vin - Chn ngun u vo
2 : GND - Chn ni t
3 : Vo - chn ngun u ra.

Ch : in p t trc IC78xx phi ln hn in p cn n p t 2V n

3V

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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* Nhng dng seri ca 78XX
LA7805 IC n p 5V
LA7806 IC n p 6V
LA7808 IC n p 8V
LA7809 IC n p 9V
LA7812 IC n p 12V
LA7815 IC n p 15V
LA7818 IC n p 18V
LA7824 IC n p 24V
b. H 79xx
Cng nh h 78xx th h 79xx c hot ng tng t nhng in p u ra l
m (-) tri ngc vi h 78.
cng c nhiu loi mc n p u ra nh dng 78 : 7905, 7906...
c. Cch xc nh chn ca h 78XX v 79xx

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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3. Chnh lu.
a. Chnh lu na chu k.

- bn k dng: (A+, B-) th c dng A->->C->Rt->D->B

- bn k m : (A-, B+) th khng c dng qua do b phn cc ngc.
- Vy ch c bn k dng th c dng in mt chiu ra vy hiu sut thp.

b. Chnh lu c chu k.

- Bn k dng ( A+, B-): C dng A->D1->C->Rt->D->D4->B

- Bn k m (A-, B+): C dng B->D2->C->Rt->D->D4->B

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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 Vy mch ny bin i c c hai cc tnh ca dng xoay chiu thnh
dng 1 chiu, c hiu sut cao hn mch chnh lu na chu k.

c. Mch chnh lu cu.

- bn k dng: (A+, B-): C dng in t A->E->D1->F->C->Rt->D-

>H->D3->G->B.
- bn k m (A-, B+): C dng in t B->G->D2->F->C->Rt->D->H-
>D4->E->A.
Vy c hai cc tnh ca ngun xoay chiu khi qua mch chnh lu cu u
c a v ngun 1 chiu, hiu sut cao.

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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4. IC iu chnh in p.
a. IC LM317, iu chnh in p dng.

- vi :
+ADJ l chn iu khin
+ Vo l in p u ra
+ Vi l in p u vo
- y c coi l mt linh kin chuyn i kh l tin dng. Dng
chuyn i in p dng t +1.25 n +37V. V c kh nng cung cp dng
qu 1.5A
- Thng s ca LM317:
+ in p u vo Vi = 40V
+ Nhit vn hnh t = 0 - 125
+ Dng in iu chnh l t : 5
+ Cng sut tiu th ln nht l 20W

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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+ Dng in u ra ln nht Imax = 1.5A
+ m bo thng s Vi - Vo >= 3V

- S nguyn l

Vi s trn ta c th iu chnh in p u ra bng in tr R1 v bin

tr R2 c ni nh hnh v trn.
in p u ra c tnh xp x bng :

Vo = 1.25.(1+R1/R2)

Vi cng thc trn ta ch cho R1 l mt gi tr nht nh . Mt iu quan

trong l dng in qua chn iu chnh phi nh hn 100uA. v s kt ni gia
in tr R1 v R2 coi nh l mt cu phn p khi in p gia chn iu
chnh v chn u ra phi c mt in p nht nh tc l ga hai in tr R1
v R2 in p lun bng 1.25V (Hng s ny khng i) .Do vy ta mi c cng
thc trn.

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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b. LM337 - iu chnh in p m.

Tng t nh cch tnh ca LM317 trn nhng in p u vo l -40V.

in p gia chn iu khin v chn ra l -1.25V. in p u ra c gii l -
1.25 n -37V.
Nhng thng s n y ht nh Lm317 nhng n mc m.

- S nguyn l:

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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 III. Lc cc thnh phn xoay chiu.
Trong cc mch chnh lu trn, mc d chuyn t dng in xoay chiu sang
dng mt cc tnh, nhng gi tr ca chng li thay i theo tng chu k, theo
dng gn sng

1. Lc bng t in
Nh s phng np ca t in nn s lm san bng s nhp nh ca dng in
do mch chnh lu to ra.

H s p mch ca b lc :
Ngha l lc cng r rt khi C v Rt cng ln. bnh thng ngi ta thng
dng t c vi F n vi nghn F.

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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 V. n nh in p.
L nhim v lm in p n nh u ra khi in p v tn s in li
thay i. in tr ra ca ngun cung cp yu cu nh, hn ch s ghp k
sinh gia cc tng, gia cc thit b cung ngun chnh lu.
Vic n nh in p c nhiu hn ch, nht l i vi ngun in li c
in p thay i nhiu. V phng php n p bng in t c s dng nhiu
khi yu cu cng sut ti ra khng ln.
Cc loi n p thng dng: n p kiu tham s (dng Diode Zener), n p
b tuyn tnh (mch n p c hi tip) v n p xung.
Trong phm vi tm hiu ca ti ny ta xt n mch n p b tuyn tnh
v mt s IC n p.

1. Nguyn tc n p c hi tip.
nng cao cht lng n nh, ngi ta dng b n p b tuyn
tnh (l n p so snh hoc n p c hi tip). Nguyn tc lm vic:

Trong s ny, in p ra c a v b so snh kim tra vi ngun

chun, v s c thay i bng phn t iu khin cho ra in p chun
u ra.

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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2. B n p tuyn tnh IC.

thu nh kch thc, chun ha cc tham s cho cc b mch n p c hi

tip, ngi ta thit k chng di dng vi mch, nh vic s dng d dng
hn.

Cc b IC trn thc t cng bao gm cc khi linh kin l b to in p

chun, b khuch i tn hiu sai lch, Trasistor iu khin v b hn dng.

Cc IC thng m bo cho u ra dng in t 100mA n 1.5A. Hin nay

ngi ta cng ch to ra loi IC n p c dng ra 10A. Cc loi IC n p
thng dng l : H 78xx, 79xx, LM317, LM337,

Phn II. THIT K MCH NGUN P THP MT CHIU U RA

C NH.

I. S khi

Cc tiu chun ca khi ngun:

in p vo 220V 50Hz

in p ra : +5V, +12V, +15V, -5V, -12V, -15V.

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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 II. Phng n thit k
1. La chn cc thit b v linh kin
a. Bin p.
y c ngun 220V v 50Hz nn ta dng bin p loi c in p vo 220V
v in p ra 15V 2A.
b. Mch chnh lu
Do nhng u im ca Diode cu l hiu sut chnh lu cao nn ta s dng
Diode chnh lu cu
c. B lc ngun.
B lc ngun c nhim v san bng s nhp nh ca dng in ra mch
chnh lu. Do b lc bng t n gin m hiu qu cao nn ta s dng b lc
bng t.

d. Khi n p
Do tnh d s dng v hiu sut lm vic cao, d lp rp nn chng ta s s
dng khi n p h IC 78xx( n p dng dng) v 79xx ( n p dng m).

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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2. Phng n thit k
Da vo nguyn l hot ng ca cc h IC 78xx v 79xx ta s lp t thnh
mch nh sau:

S nguyn l hot ng ca IC 78xx v 79xx

S lp t mch n p:

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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 III. Mch thc t
1. S Layout

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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 2. Mch thc t

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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 Phn III. THIT K MCH NGUN P THP U RA THAY I.

I. S khi

Cc tiu chun ca khi ngun:

- in p vo 220V 50Hz

- in p ra : Thay i t 0 +20V v 0 -20V.

II. Phng n thit k

1. La chn thit b v linh kin
a. Bin p, mch chnh lu v b lc ngun u s dng tng t nh mch in
p ra c nh trn
b. Khi n p
Do tnh d s dng v hiu sut lm vic cao, d lp rp nn chng ta s s dng
khi n p h IC LM317( iu chnh in p dng) v LM337 ( iu chnh
dng m).

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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2. Phng n thit k
Da vo nguyn l ca LM 317 v LM337 ta s lp t mch nh sau:

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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III. Mch thc t

1. Mch Layout

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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2. Mch thc t

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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Phn IV: KT LUN

Sau mt thi gian tm hiu, v c s hng dn ca thy gio : Ths. L

Vn Min, chng em hon thnh n thi k: Thit k v ch to ngun n
p u ra c nh v n p u ra thay i, kim tra hot ng v t c
cc yu cu ca ti.

Qua ti ny chng em c hiu hn v p dng c cc kin thc

hc vo thc t. Hiu c qu trnh thit k ch to cng nh nguyn l hot
ng ca cc h mch n gin. V t gip chng em c thm kin thc c
th thc hin thit k cc loi mch c phc tp hn.

Cui cng chng em chn thnh cm n s gip ca thy gio : Ths. L

Vn Min gip chng em hon thnh ti ny.

Sinh vin thc hin

o Vn Thn

Nguyn c Thnh

Hong Anh

THIT K V CH TO NGUN N P U RA C NH V N P U RA THAY I

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