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Touloupa (Only thirty years ago the so-called Dark ‘Ages (1 th-8th century BC) have started been lighted due to the archaeological research at Leukangi and Erotria At the beginning ofthis period the local works of art exhibit a shortlved Influance from the East. A new artistic blooming marks the tenth century: the ‘settlement at Laukanci is enlarged and the funerary offerings discovered in its three cemeteries are rich and ‘sophisticated. A monumental templeshaped heron (1.000 BC), ‘excavated in one of the cemeteries, has produced an urn with the bones of the ‘heroes, the skeleton of woman with fich jewels and horses’ skeleton, The finds of Leukandi attest relations not only with the neighbouring regions but also with Egypt. Near East and Cyprus. The finth century Is characterized by a return to the local tradition and an increase in ‘exports. Around 800 BC the sattioment is. abandoned and the inhabitants of [Levkandi flee to other town ofthe viinity for emigrate and establish colonies Significant burials of warier found at Eretria date from the end of the eight Century, while at about the same time the town of Chalkida develops with is outstanding mining) and dying enterprises. ‘ ‘The Eubocans, frst among all Greéks, have established colonies not only in NE Greece (fom Pydna to. the Crimea peninsula) but also far away as aly and Syria ‘An impressive ionic temple dedicated to Apollo Daphiniphoros (= the laurel bearer) has been dlecovered in Eretna. This ety became an important naval power and showed a most agressive attitude towards Athens, therefore it was finally punished. During the Persian wars, the Persians retalating the arson’ of Persepolis by the Greeks ruined Eretia ‘completely, but the town managed to fecover rather quicky. Decades later the Lacedaemonians occupied the entre Euboea. After the end of the Peloponnesian war (401 BC) the cites are reformed and the bridge withthe two {ortiications, connecting the island with the mainland county, is bul. In 377 BC the Eubosans return to the Athenian League while later’ the Euboean’ Common’ is established. The years ‘between 350 and 198 BC is a period of new adventures for the island that ‘passes under Macedonian rule and is finally devastated and looted by its Roman conquerors.