Cu hi n tp

Phn tch bng cng c, CH3323, hc k 20162

1. Trnh by nh lut Lambert-Beer, nh lut c bn v hp th bc x in t, trong phng
php ph hp th phn t UV-VIS. (Nu biu thc ton hc, chng minh nh lut, ngha vt l
ca hp th mol, nu iu kin h thc ca nh lut ng)

2. Nu biu thc ton hc nh lut Lambert- Beer trong phng php ph hp th phn t UV-
VIS. Ph UV-VIS l k thut ph c p dng khi phn tch cc hp cht c nng thp,
mi tng quan gia tn hiu o c v nng ca cht phn tch l mi quan h tuyn tnh.
Hy nu cch s dng k thut ny cho phn tch nh lng (phng php ng chun, thm
chun v phng php tnh, v th minh ha).

3. Th no l ph hp th? Ti sao trong phn tch o quang ngi ta thng chn max l bc
sng tia ti?

4. Nu tnh cht cng tnh ca hp th. Nu vai tr ca dung dch trng trong phn tch o
quang?

5. Trnh by cu to v c ch hot ng ca detector ng quang. Cc yu cu ca b chuyn i

tn hiu bc x in t.

6. Trnh by cu to vo c ch hot ng ca detector nhn quang in.

7. Trnh by phng trnh Schaibe-Lomakin pht biu mi lin h gia cng vch ph pht
x nguyn t vi nng cht c trong plasma.

8. Trnh by th tc ng chun trong phn tch nh lng bng phng php quang ph pht
x nguyn t.

9. Trnh by phng trnh Lambert-Beer pht biu cng vch ph hp th nguyn t ph

thuc vo nng cht phn tch.

10. Trnh by cc phng php phn tch nh lng trong phng php ph hp th nguyn t.

11. Trnh by cu to v c ch hot ng ca n catot rng HCL khi ng vai tr bc x n

sc ca ph hp th nguyn t.

12. Ti sao phng php AES li c nhy cao hn khi thay i nhit ca ngn la so vi
phng php AAS?

13. Trnh by s in phn v cc qu trnh ha hc xy ra trong qu trnh in phn.

14. Trnh by cc yu t nh hng n in p cn thit t vo bnh in phn phn ng

in phn xy ra.

15. Trnh by phng php in phn vi hai in cc v nu cc u nhc im.

16. Trnh by phng php in phn vi vic kim tra th in cc.

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17. Ti sao khi xc nh nng ion F bng phng php o in th s dng in cc mng
rn chn lc ion, ngi ta thng dng dung dch m c lc ion ln cha axetic axit, natri citrat,
NaCl v NaOH pha long v iu chnh pH n 5,5?

18. Nguyn nhn no lm xut hin th tip xc trong phng php o in th? Gi tr in th
tip xc nh hng nh th no n vic phn tch? Lm th no lm gim in th tip xc?

19. Vit h thc Nernst cho in cc mng thy tinh? Ti sao phi chun ha in cc thy tinh
trc khi o pH. Hy gii thch cc sai s gy ra khi s dng in cc thy tinh trong mi trng
pH qu cao v qu thp.

20. ngha khi s phn hi in cc ch th tun theo h thc Nernst l g?

21. Nu nh ngha in cc ch th, in cc so snh, in cc kim loi. Ly v d cho mi loi

in cc v nu yu cu i hi vi cc in cc ny.

22. Vi in cc bc-bc clorua, chng ta c E = 0,222V, E(KCl bo ha) = 0,197V. Hy d

on gi tr E ca in cc calomen nu E ca n l E = 0,268V.

23. S dng cc gi tr in th cho di y tnh hot ca Cl trong KCl 1M

E (in cc calomen) = 0,268 V, E (in cc calomen, KCl 1M) = 0,280V

24. Hy gii thch s hnh thnh sng cc ph ca mt ion kim loi trn in cc git Hg

25. Trnh by phng trnh Inkovich biu din s ph thuc cng dng khuch tn vo nng
cht phn tch.

26. Ti sao phi ui oxy khi phn tch bng phng php cc ph?

27. Nu nh ngha dng Faraday v dng dch chuyn trong phng php cc ph (v hnh minh
ha). Ti sao ngi ta chn thi im o dng giai on cui ca chu k git thy ngn?

28. Cht nn cc ph l g? Nu vai tr ca cht nn cc ph.

29. Trnh by c s phn tch nh tnh v nh lng bng phng php cc ph. Trnh by th
tc ng chun v thm tiu chun trong phn tch nh lng bng phng php cc ph.

30. Hy gii thch nhng u im vt tri ca cc ph xung vung so vi cc ph xung thng

v cng tn hiu, gii hn pht hin, phn gii v thi gian qut th (v hnh minh ha)

31. Trnh by nguyn tc ca phng php vn-ampe ha tan (von-ampe ngc). Tnh u vit
ca phng php ny so vi phng php cc ph xung thng.

32. Khi chit axit axetic vo dung mi hexan, hiu qu chit cao hn khi iu chnh pH pha
nc pH = 3 hay 8? Gii thch

33. Khi chit mt amin vo dung mi hu c, hiu qu chit cao hn khi iu chnh pH pha
nc pH = 3 hay 8? Gii thch

34. Hy gii thch ti sao cht mang trong pha tnh thng c silica ha?

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35. Nu cu to v nguyn tc lm vic ca detector dn nhit

36. Nu cu to v nguyn tc lm vic ca detector ion ha ngn la

37. Mn c s dng nh mt cht ni chun trong xc nh Fe bng phng php ph hp th

nguyn t. Mt hn hp chun cha 2,00 g Mn/ml v 2,50 g Fe/ml cho t s tn hiu (Tn hiu
Fe /tn hiu Mn) = 1,05/1,00. Mt hn hp vi th tch l 6,00 mL c chun b bng cch trn
5,00 ml dung dch phn tch cha Fe vi 1.00 ml cha 13,5 g Mn/ml. hp th ca hn hp
bc sng ca Mn l 0,128, v hp th bc sng ca Fe l 0,185. Tnh nng mol/l ca
dung dch Fe cn phn tch.

S: 8,3310-5 M

38. Mt dung dch c chun b bng cch trn 10,00 ml dung dch cn phn tch (X) vi 5,00
ml dung dch chun (S) cha 8,24 g S/ml v pha long hn hp ny ti th tch bng 50,0 ml.
T s tn hiu o c l (tn hiu X/ tn hiu S) = 1,690/1,000.

(a) Nu lm mt th nghim ring l vi nng X v Y l bng nhau, t s tn hiu o c l

(tn hiu X/ tn hiu S) = 0,930/1,000. Hy xc nh nng ca X
(b) Hy xc nh nng ca X nu lm mt th nghim ring khc vi nng ca X ln hn
nng ca S l 3,42 ln, t s tn hiu o c l (tn hiu X/ tn hiu S) = 0,930/1,000.
S: (a) 7,49 g X/ml; (b) 25,6 g X/ml
39. hp th A ca dung dch X v Y nguyn cht v hn hp X+Y vi cuvet c b dy 1,00
cm ti hai bc sng 400 nm v 565 nm c cc gi tr nh bng di y
Cht Nng A (ti 400 nm) A(ti 565 nm)
X 1,5010-4M 0,942 0,201
-4
Y 3,0010 M 0,226 1,162
X+Y (Cx+Cy) 0,680 0,858
Tnh nng X v Y trong hn hp

S. X= 8,8510-5M; Y = 1,9310-4M;

40. mt sc k ca sc k kh, cho bit (4 ) = 0,5 pht; tr(octan) = 14,3 pht, tr (cht
phn tch) = 15,7 pht v tr (nonan) = 18,5 pht, hy tnh ch s lu Kovats cho cht phn tch.
41. Cho mt ct sc k c chiu di 120cm, tin hnh phn tch hai cht A v B thu c kt qu
sau:
Cht Thi gian lu tr(s) rng chn pic w(s)
A trA = 250 wA =15 (s)
B trB = 270 wA =17 (s)
Cho bit thi gian lu ca pha ng tm = 30s. Tnh
(a) S a l thuyt ca ct tch N =?
(b) Chiu cao a l thuyt H = ?
(c) phn gii ca ct tch R = ? Hai cht A v B c tch khi nhau khng?

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 (d) S lu tng i?
(e) tch hai cht hon ton ra khi nhau th ct sc k phi c chiu di ti thiu bng bao
nhiu?
S. (a) NA = 4445; NB = 4036 (b) HA = 0.270mm; HB = 0.297mm; (c) R = 1,25 (khng th tch
hon ton A v B ra khi nhau); (d) = 1,1; (e) R 1,5 N = 5625 L = 1670 mm;

42. Mt pin gm in cc so snh calomen v in cc chn lc ion Pb2+ c in th 0,4706V

khi nhng vo 50,00 ml dung dch mu kim tra. Khi thm 5,00 ml dung dch chun Pb2+ 0,015M
th ca dung dch thay i thnh 0,4490 V. Tnh nng Pb2+ trong mu kim tra. Gi s rng
hot ca Pb2+ xp x bng nng ca n.
S. 3,0510-4M
43. Axit butanoic c hng s phn b gia pha nc v benzen l 3,0 (Kpb = 3,0). Tnh nng
ca axit ny trong benzen khi 100 ml dung dch axit butanoic 0,10M c chit vi 25 ml
benzen pH bng 4,00 v 10,00. Ka = 1,5210-5 (pKa = 4,818)
S. 0,16M v 2.10-6M
44. (a). Tnh gi tr ca hp th tng ng vi truyn quang T = 45,0%?
(b). Nu mt dung dch 0,010M c truyn quang T = 45,0% mt bc sng xc nh. Tnh
phn trm truyn quang bc sng khi nng dung dch ny tng ln 0,0200M.
S. (a) A = 0,347; (b) %T = 20,2%

45. (a). Mt dung dch ca hp cht X c nng 3,96 104 M c hp th A = 0,624 238
nm trong cuvet 1,000 cm. Mt dung dch trng (ch cha dung mi) c hp th l 0,029
cng bc sng. Tm hp th phn t ca hp cht X.
(b). hp th ca dung dch hp cht X cha bit nng trong cng dung mi v cuvet l
0,375 238 nm. Xc nh nng ca X trong dung dch ny.
(c). 2,00 ml dung dch ca hp cht X c pha long n th tch cui cng l 25,00 ml. hp
th ca dung dch sau khi pha long l 0,733. Hy xc nh nng ca dung dch ca hp cht
X trc khi pha long.
S. (a) = 1,50 103 M1cm1; (b) C = 2,31 104 M; (b) C = 5,87 103 M;

46. Ammoniac c th c xc nh bng phng php o quang bng cch cho phn ng vi
phenol c mt hypochlorua (OCl)

Mt mu cha 4,37 mg protein c chuyn ha ha hc chuyn i nit thnh amoniac v

sau pha long thnh 100,0 ml. Sau ly 10,0 ml dung dch cho vo mt bnh nh mc 50

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ml, thm 5 ml dung dch phenol cng vi 2 ml natri hypoclorua. Mu c pha long thnh 50,0
ml bng nc ct. hp th o 625 nm s dng cuvet 1,00 cm sau 30 pht. so snh, mt
dung dch chun c chun b t 0,010 0 g NH4Cl (M = 53,49 g/mol) ha tan trong 1.00 lt
nc. Sau ly 10,0 ml ca dung dch chun ny cho vo bnh nh mc th tch 50 ml v phn
tch trong cng mt cch thc nh dung dch cn xc nh. Mu trng c s dng l nc ct.
hp th 625 nm
Mu trng 0,140
Mu chun 0,308
Mu phn tch 0,592
(a). Tnh hp th mol ca sn phm phn ng gia phenol v amoniac (sn phm xanh)
(b). Tnh phn trm khi lng ca nit trong protein
S. (a) = 4,49 103 M1cm1; (b) %N = 16,1%

47. Cu+ phn ng vi neocuproine to thnh phc hp mu (neocuproine)2Cu+, vi cc i

hp th 454 nm. Neocuproine c bit hu ch v n phn ng vi cc kim loi khc. Phc ng
ha tan trong 3-methyl-1-butanol (ru isoamyl). y l mt dung mi hu c khng ha tan
ng k trong nc. Ni cch khc, khi ru isoamyl c thm vo nc, hn hp ru nc
c phn ra lm hai lp, vi lp nc c t trng ln hn pha di. Nu (neocuproine)2Cu+ c
mt, n hu nh i ht vo pha hu c. Gi s rng ru isoamyl khng ha tan trong nc v tt
c phc mu s i vo pha hu c. Gi s rng th tc sau y c thc hin:
1, Mt tng c cha ng c nghin thnh bt, v tt c cc kim loi c chit tch ra vi
axit mnh. Dung dch axit c trung ha vi baz v pha long n 250,0 ml trong bnh nh
mc A.
2, Tip theo, 10,00 ml dung dch A c chuyn vo bnh B, thm 10,00 ml dung dch cht kh
kh tt c Cu2+ v Cu+. Sau thm 10.00 mL dung dch m mang li pH thch hp
cho s hnh thnh phc Cu+ vi neocuproine.
3, Sau , 15,00 ml dung dch ny c ly ra cho vo bnh C. Thm vo 10,00 ml dung dch
cha neocuproine v 20,00 ml ru isoamyl vo bnh C. Sau khi hn hp c lc u, cc
pha c tch ra khi nhau, tt c (neocuproine)2Cu+ trong pha hu c.
4, Mt vi ml lp trn c ly ra. o hp th 454 nm s dng cuvet c b dy 1,00 cm.
Mu trng thc hin thng qua cc th tc tng t cho mt hp th l 0.056.
(a) Gi s rng cha 1,00 mg Cu. Nng ca Cu (mol/l) trong ru isoamyl l bao nhiu?
(b) Nu hp th phn t ca (neocuproine)2Cu+ l 7,90 103 M1cm1. hp th o c s l
bao nhiu? Lu rng mt trng thc hin thng qua cc th tc tng t a ra mt hp th
l 0,056.
(c) Mt tng c phn tch v o c hp th l 0.874 (cha c hiu chnh vi dung
dch trng). Hy xc nh c bao nhiu mg Cu l trong ?
S. (a) C = 1,57 105 M; (b) A = 0,180; (c) 6,60 mg Cu;
48. hp th mol ca mt n axit yu HInd (Ka = 1.42105) v baz yu lin hp ca n l
Ind bc sng 430 v 570 nm c xc nh bng cch o trong mi trng axit mnh v baz

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mnh ( ton b cht ch th tng ng dng HInd v Ind). Kt qu thu c cho bng
di y:
430 (M1cm1) 570 (M1cm1)
HInd 6,30102 7,12103
Ind- 2,06104 9,61102
Mt dung dch (khng c m gi n nh pH) c tng nng cht ch th l: 2105 M.
Hy tnh nng mol/l ca [HInd], [Ind] v hp th A430, A570.

S. [Ind] = 1,12105 M; [Hind] = 0,88105 M; A430 = 0,236; A570 = 0,073

49. hp th mol ca hp cht X v Y c o vi cc mu dung dch n cht cho kt qu

bng sau:
(M 1cm 1)

(nm) X Y

272 16400 3870

327 3990 6420

Hn hp cha hai cht X v Y vi cuvet 1,000 cm c hp th ln lt l 0,957 272 nm v

0,559 327 nm. Hy xc nh nng ca X v Y trong hn hp.
50. Mt cht tan c h s phn b gia pha nc v pha hu c l 4,0. 10 ml dung dch cha cht
tan c chit bng dung mi hu c.

a. Hy tnh th tch ca dung mi hu c cn thit chit t c l 99% (phn cht tan i

vo pha hu c l 99%).

b. Hy tnh tng th tch dung mi cn thit chit t c l 99% nu chit lm ba ln v

mi ln dng lng dung mi nh nhau.

S. a, 248 ml; b, 27,3 ml

51. Tnh th catot cn thit kh 99,99% Cu2+ 0,1M thnh Cu. C th tch hon ton Cu2+ 0.1M
v Sn2+ 0.1M hay khng? Cho bit:

Cu2+ + 2e Cu E = 0,339V
Sn2+ + 2e Sn E = 0,141V
S. Ecatot = 0,19V; Qu trnh kh Sn2+ l khng xy ra
52. Cd2+ c s dng nh mt cht ni chun trong phn tch Pb2+ bng phng php von-ampe
xung vung, Cd2+ b kh 0,60(0,02)V v Pb2+ b kh 0,40(0,02)V. Xc nhn rng t l
ca chiu cao pic l t l thun vi t l nng trn ton b phm vi nng s dng trong th
nghim. Di y l kt qu cho hn hp bit nng v hn hp (cn xc nh nng +
cht ni chun):

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 Cht phn tch Nng , M Dng (A)
bit nng
Cd2+ 3,23(0,01)10 5 1,64(0,03)
Pb2+ 4,18(0,01)10 5 1,58(0,03)
Cha bit nng + cht ni chun
Cd2+ ? 2,00(0,03)
Pb2+ ? 3,00(0,03)

Dung dch cn xc nh nng c chun b bng cch trn 25,00(0,05) ml dung dch cn
xc nh nng v 10,00(0,05) ml dung dch Cd2+ 3,23(0,01)10 5
M v pha long n
50,00(0,05) ml.
B qua khng m bo, hy xc nh nng Pb2+ trong dung dch cha pha long
S. 2,6010 5M

53. Mt hn hp gm 1,06 mmol 1-pentanol v 1,53 mmol ca 1-hexanol c tch bng phng
php sc k kh cho tn hiu din tch pic tng i l 922 v 1570 n v. Khi 0,57 mmol
pentanol c thm vo dung dch hexanol cha bit nng , t l din tch pic tng i l 843
v 816 (pentanol:hexanol). Xc nh s mmol hexanol trong dung dch cn xc nh.

S. 0,47 mmol

54. Mt dung dch chun cha 6,3108M iotoaxeton v p cloro benzen 2,0107M (mt cht ni
chun) cho din tch pic tng ng l 395 v 787 khi s dng phng php sc k kh. Hn hp
gm 3,00 ml dung dch iotoaxeton cha bit nng v 0,100 ml 1,6105M p cloro benzen c
pha long n 10,00 ml. Phng php sc k cho din tch pic 622 v 520 tng ng vi
iotoaxeton v p cloro benzen. Tnh nng ca iotoaxeton trong 3,00 ml dung dch iotoaxeton
cha bit nng .