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dG Y JC a , dG c fo j LCG oj e hP Y j K .IQdGh p dH
p hdGh ,dGh dG pgh e AGS . dGh HdG H gpM n jh ,oG n he pMH
d L n GSG L e iCGQ a :b .ZCGh SG H e J T : bh NBG dC Sh .W dGh
n JQGh Ge J G QGSCGh G RedG e mIMGh c Y ,QNdG dG pHK ,QTCG
jdH n Tp oa b Y m Lh , e GPEG .iNCG Y ojh gGMEG Y ooj mFd lch
FSh SH YOh .dGh pH nuWh ,jGh iNCG Y n bh GPEGh ,obGQhCG r bJ g e QW
.MdG Sc GWJh .OGq dG ,GhdG Y mIVf hCG na .obGjEG ndG n GQ
mqW mIH Y l NBG dC Sh jCG ie k HGP o f dGh
7
 l oe p VQCG n pW sCG q o a Y oLh O o H
o J p SCG pIn d An dG CGh ,hQ dGh TG H
zLL o { nRHh , j dG n MG a . dG n G LGC
,Sho c Y ML MCG e zSW{h zPga{h
NBG G e zPa{h z L{h zTh T{ R Hh
YQ j G Wh , YCG GNQCGh , SCG GYTC a
e Shc s Jh .UdG po dGh pWG HHdH
iCGQ a .WdG Mh SCdG Ma G EG dG
nWh n dG dCG fG jEG nIq ob zGQh e g{ e
G EG j CG n dGh ,k K k LGN n n q Jh ,eCG
qj CG Y ,n nJh L n Jh nNh o n SCG Scc
dP oG na .nH gCnj h pOH Hh nH Shc
p dG nN d CG JM lcGP nca .ondUh e
fCc o J ,pc mT n GP ,hdG e kGb n MCG kH
fEG :d bh .IgH l T fCc h Jh ,IgGR l L n e U c .zGQheg{ J jG g
.Shc o f dEG rda .d kjb nJ CG onJ
e EG CG pJnM YCG e kac kLQ eCa
G HcCG EG :d jh ,n HG dEG ojh ,GQheg
e t ch .pUGe EG nSjh Jge Zj
oQGSG oj a G e pdhO p X EG oj
dhO onL OYh ,OQdG pjM ALQCG Y oOdG nfh
SG GPEGh . M
dG H dG e H h Ghd L dG
zHQoO{ j UCG dG e LQ N fCG dPh
YdG HQ Nh jGQ aQh ,eh dG MGf e
.d n eCG YOq Gh ,eN Y n VYCGh ,zShc{ `d
dG Yo Rj l jT d X fCG Shc H a
rTa .zRhQ f{ Y nQGh ,SodG H neCG
o cdGh o TG q SGh ,gpO ZCG o dG
p o dG e s YCGh ,dG EG dG e gOb K . r MGh
n dG n cQ K .Gh q dG o j e jQGhdGh
c fEa .od dG jW Y nOM EGh .cY p L
mje EG Uh M dG Qa .Sa dCG nae
.dG eGq obh ,HdG eh ,e gQj e
r fch
Y oLhNh zShc{ obEG H a .Y Y
GW kGOY Ga IMGh Gj GhQUh GLG dG
Y An dGh ,p SNCG Y
,AdG q L o dG en jn GhOch ,p Sc
zShc{ dc bCGh .AG nb p G neh G jS Qa cM Shc d VY K :b
dG raJh ,oedG rTG GPEG GJ Sh
j c AGQh EGh .k en o o Jh ,o dG pdN e o q j mS ob j h
o gCGh ,HCG peg o oanCG ,o q Jh oYGU
p FG pdc kfpM EG BG jQoCG eh .LBG png Y
Le Y dG fC c - kGRL o jQCGh p F dG p
QL pdn U a G n T GTc dG K Y YQCGh
pQep FdG m ecqJ m oHrj ncQ rLGh d Yc
M zS{ e QS zShc{ G CG egdG e NDj
dG cQ KBGh .dGh e N dG e kGFK CG H
.dG fhOh GQheg eeCGh Y HHh
GQheg CG dGh e QK IQdG CG e dG H X
dGh ef SQa a ,d g d dh ,jQS g
:QGf Y H a j dG Jb
n dG GhQKCG M VQCG S ah S S
8
H
dGh
:dH dG
zGQheg{ EG zShc{ G e cP
,Qj Y e :d K SJ M Qa dG dG d
SGf HCG dP cPh .dG OH SCG Shc CG OGh
SS SHb bh
.dGh dG O H kG U b G jEG d e Nh
CG EG zQpR{ H EG eh ,zGeo { MGf EG a
o e fa Y d kdW HdG MGf EG Uh
Lh Y mY oqdh ,H q SGh ,HdG
rndfGh .LBG o H fCc pMeQ pId oAGdG qoj
ij CG j M dG L n GfG dG o jP
EG a H kLa Geq a .nfY o SQdGh ,n j o XdG
a .ad WG GeCc GbCGh ,GdGh G
e SQa dCG Mh nOY naQ zRQPL{ dP iCGQ
gO jh jQ G OCGh jQ cG O SBG
GVCGh HdG o L r bq a .LBG j dc
c e c a .eGQ h l SQa e oj Cc
pH ndCG GWCGh dGh jG e je
hQj GL n h ,dG H n jeo pe C G
n ee nYdG d ndjh ,jj H Yjh ,dEG
J nQah ,dP e G a .jGh GG nAGOCG
fLh G MGf EG Uh M QSh ,MdG
n eo n cGe dP c o S dG j ,b L
EG nSJh YdG n S o nco S iCGQ a .VN
nbCGh ,nfY Y nU YGdGh H pJOGQEG
H SQ na V kGUb z HGR{ EG cY
dH kej j edG e kGT a bCGh .SO
EG K :b .OdGh dH kejh dGh
,OdG dG dP YGb EG ddG j qeG M b
HdG Hh H fch . dEG G fC WGh fG jEG HQCGh Uh nFK JQh gH nTG dP fCG LCG e UGe je BG fCGh .oG pjS Y
.Gh QdG Nh dP b gYSG fCG dPh .ICWGe kLjO Lh Sa n dCGh ,H n dCGh ,jQ Y pUCG pIQnd ,n pH J kH Qo S AGQh CG H
,bdGh SdG GUCH g GPEG dc d ga gBGQ M a .Shc G IM EG gfCGh kgPh Yh .VG pNCGh pI G p H nJh
Y Ga nH Y rng b HdG pcHh GQheg e EG K .pdLh pdc e gT Ce H YG a Pb HG e N Lh e G
z L{h zRQP L{ Y H UCG eh ,Sh c MG a Shc e Y iL dG e .GQheg e pIM EG dG a b .Peh
M lb p L pqob GQheg fch .zSW{h HG e e SCG H dEG SQCGh ,Y ,dG G e o nCGbCGh n dG n aG Y NO a
Sh c a .A dG a Jh ,AG dG e J ,n Y n q j CG G iCGQ EG :d jh j a bh kGeo n WCa .dSdG e o e iOq CGh
Fe H nqchn hn ,H Sh dG J EG HUCGh gh .W H gQq jh ,GQheg EG njh dGh dG e c EGh Shc EG :f Hh H
oa neCGh .SdG OSCGh dG YCG e dCG dG MG jj CG jojh ,oj e N oj dP e qY tYCG gh .dG g Z VQCG pLh Y a
,FNdGh GeCG e a e o L NoCGh Scc o N o HG r a .dhh H G dEG O jh Y bCG K .n YReh n ehe r WCG r eG EGh .MhQ
e La e k kjQY f K .Y Y n q oah e d :Shc Lhd dbh HCG p HGPS e T e nNCj CG jjo n G EG bh p SdG Y
EG frOoOjh HGPo S n d QG GhPh GQqG GH e Gj CG hjj fEa .dEG e CGdG IQqG p Hh , dG t b p H E a ;d K d
rnd soJCGQh Y nenb a . H e gq oe nLCGh db EG p oj a .He oHOCG a jdG dh .AT jg H qY j eh .QdG oe
J r Lh ,fGhoG dG e Y e r bq eh .zgT{ J je HC fch :b ,HCG nIYO HH Ya .pnJ peN EG jj e ofCSh ,n eCG dNGoC
Hn b g PEG G bh h NCG g : Jh n eCa .peo Qo GO fch .d WCGh ppOH o MCG gh b K .Shc M d cPh ,zHGPo S{ J fch
dG oGJ c EGh bGa jQCG dh !dGh dH d sLnJ nNO a .Shc nNoJh nqjoJ CG ,a oj kHc qEG ch ,kSQ qEG nf b fEG :d
gPfEH sa .HCG EG de GfCa .nQGbh ne Y rfh ,OGq obh pFGeoCG L GQheg o e .QGbh ef ojh ,Y dH n qoj CG jjh
.MGh H LhR e YGjEGh dG EG mnJ Y Lh n dG NOh :b .gGGh o dBdG H h c EG d da ?eCG Gg jCGQ eh jJ GPa
g a njG n SG bh .a d n of gdG e QU L a .N e kGN iJ fCG Ya
H n Kh M ,p eN t j GQheg eh kG T EG ne iCGQ a .dH QhdG Gg HJ h ,dH
GS b
YTh SCH Id G Uf c H ke SQ j
aMh dG eh dG GH{ fEG .dG JhGVh
.ffdG IPdEG NCG H ,egdG ,fEG .zG IRM
.Sd HG dho c GC f fOCG dG

jQGH QdG pdY Y f :dG MU b

kee j nGP nUCG SO H SoQ CG ejGC
e C eh ,e Y sTh ,dG Y nna ,kjnM
,GQJ OhM EG Uh M QSh .(1)cJ q dG
,SGh o Lh a .adH kIA njdG iCGa
n nbh ,kGQf n bhCG K . e kIq oY eQh o n NpQ ns Mh
cCGh Ga e kGMGh Y Yh ,Odc kIT
Sa SQCGh ,fh SGh .NGB Y JGC M
e fK hCG mH GPEa g fc VhQ Yj
,SnndG aGM KCG GhCGa .jdG Y jHY fGQdG
Y dh Yj kSa GhCGa ,g OGh EG KCG Ga
g d H EG hObh .eCG M H GWMCa ,MCG
a cd n SdG a SQo fa .pp S j
W Qhj Lh kYe n fh d ga .j
A jG g e NCGh .jG J EG bh M
.e e V b Sa CGh ,SO H SQ
Y n SG H LG Mh .hoD GeGoC h G Sa
:bh .nb Wh ,onn SGh nG SGh ,eCG

9
2008 Rq 2 119 OY
 G jCG :dbh ,Y AdGh d AYdH nfd
Ea ,G AGQh e EG NdG Y NhS nJ
p cG Y od nU h ,Fd EG nTG b JGNCG
ffh ,ShAQ Y o M dEG NO GPEG fEGh .dH
dH Sh c Ya . n S fh M
,dEG nj mGNCG p dG AGQh d EG :bh ,NhS
cH GS GPEG fLCG Ea .eCG oe d HGhSh
n pMQn h peH kL eO c e
b a .dH Mah Y r NOa ?ppMH ke
.YS f ah ,ec e nqJ dG g HCG d
r WCGh SGh ,eNh G ALh QdG Wh :b .AdG .H odGeCGh o Sfh ,o Y jG g f
Lh a .Sa GLH Hh ,eh ef Y Y j h G Gg Y Z Sa EG :a
NdG X eh bh ,QhdGh dG e SQ g EG fG b oJLa n KGC o J dh .QGY h
QdG e kGQhe Nh cQh .CGh LSCGh ,e nG dH edG q Y JOOQh W Ea .jG
n GhQCG p e b
ch .GjEG VQCG EG OY M pp S e L e MU d a .dP pH Ic k HbQ o H V EGh
J G HG Y JCG K :b .jh j Gj a ?n Sa noj CG Y S j e : p p S
SO H SQ fCc QdG d dc kHG dh TCG .jJ c EG j eCG Ea . h ,dG nV
n a .Fd EG Gg j ch .Go S eCG o q a .f H S hCG keo h dG Y keo ,dG W dG g o a
j S nK H h .S Z o q jo e T Qo KGB J Sa EG K , dGh q dG n SCG Y
:bh eCG EG Aa .YTh Jq b oehoj MCG g YO e Y naGe iCGQh ,peH SQ so na .aGM
gqTCGh ,kGQU ShCGh ,kGb GbGC e WGC e .d HLE H S e s o Sh .QGO EG Qa . dGE
HG fCG d a ? SG eh Lh HGC r eh ?k SC H An GeCG jd n MCGh ,jj H n bhh nb dfCa
DhSG eh .fh S H SO IT e SQ Gh dG oIdG Mh .H gCG e n HcCGh
X e dG dG N eh .UCG dG dP C EG EG NOCG odG oZh npnK a .dG nafGh ,G
fH ke ,GS dP Y a .HCG e SQa .OQdG Aeh G SCGQ Yh a .e htYCG Ve
ncY s LC :dG UCGh dG dG dP EG G H GPEa kM S dG e lFW e a
,e jS Y Shc YRCh ,dG e Y e lT gHh NO b lUhh oa b a g dG
EG dGh dG fCGh ,GjEG e SW Y QKBG bCGh e LN b ICGeH GPEGh ,SCGQ Y rVa dG
YfCGh ,GQJ OH EG GjEG VQCG e YCGh ,SQ ,Gh qG H lLe ,b oa fCc dG AGQh
a kHG d ch kHCG SQ c eh .SGaCG j e ,c HJ JjZh ,S c LM GP
.NBG J MU VQCG Lh Y j CG j a .hQ e Qq o U MGh adG a e fCch
d a dLh oM e ongT nonH SQ gBGQ
.dG AYh CG cJ SQdG UCG (1)
?dG Gg X pLNCG dG eh ?oSG eh ?fCG e
,T VQCG a eh .pp S e HG fCG da
zShc{ LhR zHGPS{ Y cP r nHn bh .M MCG S h Lh MCG iCGQ h
bh QcG zNhS{ `d d LQ njO MGC h ndG MGC p n dG d Y
p G e SQ H NG e r cPh . Y Th
e bJ Shc G HG ,zNhS{ `d HGPS Y b q
HGPS c d .f Y Sj OhGQ dG jdG ICGeG b .t M T bh :dbh .IG NCGh jdG
ke n f ka a J H ,geCG fG q M Y j EG e J dG Qq b bh .H Ld kdW o ch
.g gd dG bRj CG jQCG :dbh Y n f rVYh .gg
eV fCGh .Jh Jq b e j kGdh e J
dL n ch ,NhS n S HGPo S r G
C Q h :b Y n a . Y Sa Ot Qo GC h ,d p p S hq OCG CG
r p a
o h ,gQNG
o eR gp j e
n N M
r n
n Y dG fPBG a .dG J e Hh gVH SQ
oe J Nh S EG rSQC a .gQGbh e H bh ,Y Y kIOhe fc kIRpN gYCG dH
a .HGb pGhP IQjd nQGh ,HCG pQGO EG nNdG kHG bRQ EGh ,fhb HQa fCG pbRoQ EG :d
o dh .dP EG S fEG :HGL NhS f H S e Sh .Y Y jq a
,Shc Y HGPS Na .dMGh o j c dG ejh ,AG dG e dG j
10
FSh JGNCG Y TCG dch ,GQdG dNO Y J
.G YdGh Gh , p dGh p LnHn dG H QGG
NOh ,G eN EG cQ NhS UCG h :b
e a a .Qt jo Lh ,G ecCa d Sh Y
e j CH NhS EG QTCGh ,Hn RH YO KO
e a j k aN Jj gh a .A dG QGO EG
onj FUdG oqnna ndG Rh K .geh gc
b N o jn dh :d b ,e dP n SGh ,dGh e n pHo AdG nIM o n N
n O GPEG fCG n Y CG H ,b K
g dG HGP Sh JG NGC EG NOGh ,A T dP e nYh ,ndGh p d qgGC G EG :H H HGPS
eN EG kGZ HCG :dP Y NhS a .eCG d HcCGh IHGG j CG a dbCG e bEG Y
.Nh Nh .H eCj e eCG K ,G JGC M FGdG Jh QdG M jdG
dH Ue LQ AdG IM H Y ch :b NBGh ,dGh dG dM GbCG IOQe e
M j gh znHRpg{ j bdG CGdGh ,edG pnJ Y S d SG dM G SGe Y
,zShc{ Ya ,JGM Je H fch .AdG GPEGh .IGh fCG OdG jBGh ,dG (1)

VQCG iCGQh .eb dGh LHdGh n Gh n gdG e N EG f a kG Z dG

r W GPEG : bh e r qjo GPeh ?AdG IM o UCG a dc c
.gdG D dDdH je ASh ,jdH The G CG zHGPS{ Y TCGh ,dj e fGh ,zNhS{ CGdG e ec e H TCG G o na ?GOBG p Sen
e fbh ,pdG GbGC jjC H FUh iGQh
e lL nMdG J qC ch .LGh LHdG dcC H
F U dGh ,G jQG Y l j G
kUeo gdG e kJ iCGQ nGjEG SJ h .dG
dH e HGPS Yh ,LHdGh RhdH
n UG b l FUh SCGQ Yh ,ddG o dG fCc
bh h .OQh jM aM Y mhr p S QTCG fCc
K ,Sa dG e df NhS Y Y
kfeR qN Jh Y J NGC h fYh eN
CG Nhp S a .Y Jh d YJ Lh .kjW
pjW Z Y fCGh ,OhCGh eCG c d dP
ecC a JGNGC IM NOh Y nfa .OGo dG
K YS gY eh .gdG e J Y LCGh
Lh Y dG EG :a BGQ Y ja .HCG EG ALh N
G e cCG Lh , SG e k T
G a .GeCGh GRc ogahCGh ,Lh YhQ ddG
Y H j Gh bh ,G j a eGC h . b
K h .G G jQZGC h , dG G UCG
Y HGPS jSh ,AdG QGO EG NOh b Shc
dH Uhh ,Y KCa .a SqJ eh NhS
ZGQ fGC d cPh . VG Sh ,I G
CGQ dP aGa .eYCG H hO JH iMEG jhJ
.G
qQa HCG eN EG NhS AL dG e c h
Lh Y dG Y CG EG :IqQG H d b K .AT
e a bh .H fCG t SGoC c H t oJ dh d j CG
e X e S fCG dG UCGh IHGG c
.ocP dGh nG C h ,op U dGh ndG qj

11
2008 Rq 2 119 OY
 bh ,G aCa .e df G SCG CG NCGh
LGdGh .HdH LGh dG e Gg d :f
M dG H dG EGh ,eC G Gg dG
j j NCa .G e Ao dGh ,G e G
KC H Y b g j a ,H Kh OYCGh Nh S
,dP Y ga .HKh HGPS Y c dG dG
gHCG cP K .H h ,ICGG g J CG j :bh
.cg H dG e C j e q Jh ,GQheg e
jCG cP fCG dhq GC :NCG QeCh dd ,pb Y n eCa
e Y a ICGG d K eh ,GQheg b dYG
,Y e kGNBG c M CG dGh .eG M
OhCG e d c fCG ddGh .b AGjS e keh
MS IAGH Yh .gH HJ SGh ,Q U
SCGh .Y SCH :d a ,jP IQWh ,NhS
.G H j M eCG Gg Y dG
fCG eCGh .G d J d ,QdG Gh FGdG ,zTQCG c{h zH c{ q Y H e kIMGh r Na
a .gZ EG YCG CG Y gYCGh .oHG a .Y fCG :a .G HQ e gZh JGQh
e e cP e eCGh .a G WNh ,eY Gg Y h .jCGQ dNCG h ,eCG eG qY H TCG eh
n j CG a .CG d Y !AdG e j fE a q GE VJ fEa AH dP e HGPS J CG j
Gg Y MCG j h ,dG e dG Gg j .NO dEG h ,c e j CG jQCG dh .H
QNG bH Jq H Shc Y NO a :b .dG dG Y ifG j gh dP Y G a
GHCG a eCGh ,dH G a .HG Y NhS Y SCH :bh .AGdG e HGPS Jh ,AG e
e L c e Nh d q YGC h ,FNdGh R dG EG e jM j h .QNG EG ce eCG Ea
,QGdGh Gh dGh dG dP EG VCGh ,kGc NhS a :b .dG UNh G AU Y
jJh ,dH HGPS Ma .d j e L Y HGC IQTEG CG Yh .HGPS oe e l pLhn gh
dbh .NhS YOh ,dG Y Lh ,dG e .kNh kGe HGPS Y IQOU jhdH
.Y Y J h ,PCG H J e d YCG b G EG :d ,LH YGh ,J Y dG e r L fEG K
:dbh ,f Y JOhGe MUh ,gH MH K pM mjeo npc e Rj CG GQq G eCGh
,QdG qY XCG d M .jCGQ e d TY RCG EG EG H H cG HnRpg eGC h . oMh
S dP Y H e bh .QG dGh dG bQah LCGh d ea NOh a .FYSGh NhS
g d o VCG e jQCG e Y YhW fCG Ea .S EG fCG :d db K .fL EG bh ,gdG J Y
.GOBG SQdH J jBG (1)
,a G CGQ p J o S HCG EGh .GeCGh RdG j YCGh ,IgGdG QbCGh ddG SdG g
d a . j e oG p G fGh , Y b p Uh EG afG K kfeR eC a . e Y Q NG
MhQ dG YW qQPCG CG d TM :NhS db K .H h LJ IMGh ch ,gM
n U HbGC h ,AcdGh dLdG S fLGC h ,AG dG ,eG eh O e Y J d e : HGP S d
h ,IdG Th ,G LhR fCGh .AadG H CG
n Sh NhS j a ?e aGh Jh
dP Y Za .jdGh dG d VqdG H j f Y fGC C : f bh , eGC kG e
MUh , Lh Nh , H K a X ZGh N Zh .hq dG H e hq JCG CG e N Y HCGh
Y a .fe G Sh ,GjEG H W U .GjGE HcC H GQhe g e HQO g HGC U e
NhS EG :dbh .J gh a gJGC h , J h ,G H jJ ,d ,gh JH e HGPSh
Hb oHCG h .AdG e GS jQCG :bh ,OhGQ kcS NhS HGPS CGQ h .dG EG d J
WCa .SCGQ e dG dCGh ,HK nqa ,AnG GH b EG :dbh ,dG f Lh Y WeCG j
CG LGda Y Gg U EG :bh ,Z TGh ,G kH JH e Lhq R dP Y JgYh ,bCG e e
.GjE G c e L GNE H eGC K .SCGQ j g G Qa GPEG M .en nC G J c eH J
Y bGC K .HGPSh NG H YOh Mh Lh d FGdGh ,eCH adGh ,qY FdG fCG J fdG
NCGh ,de bUCa FS EG :bh NhS .e fCa e jJ e ch ,jj H fCG gh .Y
qa .L c dG Y a .dM Y dH bh NhS SCGH NCGh ,G b MqWG K
e Y o VY EG :dbh ,Hch ,VQ HGPS ,kN OQq J CG H k Lh J Lh SQq a . Lh
e od sYGoC e d ocPh ,GhORG b G dEG QTCG e fOCG c :f bh ,dG e dH PSGh
EG : d o bh , gGGh F N dGh p G eC Gh R o dG EG NCGh ?dGdG MEG AadG H HbCGh ,JdG dG
e :bh ,HCa .HH n Lhq J EG Y e d VCG
q Y CG , dG TNh ,OdH H L
, q GE n j s eh .GS jQCG dh ,H h ,G LM fLCGh ,jCG CG hCa . q Y G b a gH
,G e eM fGC h .q Y H K nq ne M H n q Jh G e H N e e ,fEG :d a .T
12
 iSh ,dG Y V GZ a d JRQe
H eCG e j H oX GPEGh .dG Y JS nQKBG
K UG Y fG e jRQG RQ J e
ea .dG Y G H dG H j o S OYh ,dP zQb{ a .H jh ,dSQ
n GL o qa HCG EG Oa dP T qHh ,eCG zQb{
c dG nG nqcJh d nYfGh Y no nna .hc
cP S e Y ,edG e e a BGQ b
CHh ej dG Y CH T eCGh ,Ve
n pcQn h Jq Y n pd
n UCG h .r pjn a ,hc RQj
Y e fO M nbCGh ,NBG SQa EG onnY naOh
2008 Rq 2 119 OY
EG GYQa .SGaCG q L e dEG dSQ eh T Y zhc{ EG zSGaCG{ dSQ cP
g :bh ae e G Sa .dH G YEG T bh JRQeh zT{ d
jh ,eS j CH oneCGh dEG zQb{ nnfCa .N SGaCG GfGh
)cdG( GQdG hY q M g GjEG OH e zhc{
EG{ :bh n q na .G Y n VYh dSdG e e fOCG e UG bG .NCG Gg HE SGaCG
gh zL{ QoY Y dG sp S nnb b SGaCG ,zT{ .G SCGQ Yh cdGh GjEG G bj
oYoj nAa jGh H dM e nj CG jj ,SGaCG HEG g dG dRG AfG Y hc Yj dG
.dN b b dH hc a
H dEG n o NCG CG iQCGh ,Y L o h O L o pIH
CG j { :Gdbh dP e Ho UCG o n a .zRQHCa
oenCGh ,hc EG dSQ Gg onHG nsM SGaCG EG K
jh pdM njh MdG Gg H oG s n oj
b oc EG{:j K ,nU Y unojh khq GC nqoj CH
ja b EG fEa T oIRQe eCGh .dG EG H
M jNCGh zGH{ fP a zNhS{ nb o L n
,G UoCG EGh ,dG e l SQa n o j CG a e
fCG YGh ?dG dG e Y iL e GLj
?fdG e fe q j a h dP e ,TMh
J Ea H JYh QdGh dG EG f e
a ?dG jS jh G H j eh
b rpna .MhO e lZh e lo T nfC .nf
odG JCjh ,KCG h Y GjEG d e j a dP
aG E a .zRQP L{h zSh c{ EG eCG G gh
CG CGdG H .MCG e j a gCG Y o SCGh
o ob e bCG o d CG YGh .q G Jj CG e o p jo
FGG e dj e o e n Jh o dG EG n oJ
,IqYo h kGOY oahCGh ,kGY e cCG Ea ,e ka
.z d f c dG nO dG e sO nJh ,G eCGh
noc EGh .jdG e kqjH j e p nb e kLtnJ H
SoQ EG H GVGJh ,CGdG Gg oL nSa
kGQ Y dP i Jh , F d hO pG fG e o fC J
dG Z nj CG HCGh ,dP Y aGj fEa
,Cc QGJ d d ncC pgYh r pda
CG CGdG e d :b K kYS o G n a .ka
e jjCG Y d oaoCGh ,INCc d OhCG jh
e eHCG aoe Z GjEG EG Gg Lh e nLf
e n Gh s dG o j e dEG fCGh ,G jEG d
dP a GPEGh .NhS QCH pNCG KGGh OodG
pIOq e o M n dP h .SCGh Gh FNdGh FGG
?dEG Qf AT CHh ,Shc Lh f Xf Ca
,On b dG EG Jh dP HCJ n c EGh .dG pg
gLh r UG ah ?Hb r no n V b d eh
dEG nRHC n Mh qEG RHa p dG IOGQEG Y t p oJh
K ?JRQe j fCG Yj fAL GqN cJ H
cYh ,eeCG fda b Ea ;bfh Mh
kMS oHCG on dCG b T SQa Gg T EG{ :b
,GNEG Dho GeCa n o b EGh .Ho QbCG OhCGh ,o cY
e MCG jo d oGh pGh dGh dG e
gJCGh eCG n pX Y oo HnCG HUCG Ho UCGh
.Lh JY MS o KDjo h ,nJRQeh n ehe
dh Ga JRQoe ngp nc EGh .MEGh dH
CG j h ,eGqb bdG e j Z MCG dh
dP iJ nc EGh .IQcG pdG Y oRQoj T
GPEG EGh .zOc{ HG Z hjaCG aM b j
oRQjn .UEG J Y kGZ d fY a k jG
Shc g a c SGaCG HCG H o na JRQH
M dG dG j Z Hh ,fG e hRQG
dSQ GL T j CH Qb eCG K .zNhH
zQ dG o mfL CG Yh , dG o j n f
H G EG SGaC d d b :d bh ,HCG
npnd nonb GPEG M nbCGh SQa ndCG oT nSa
H LM h .dG LdG IOY e Gg eh ,W b
G J a fG jEG j W n H H UCG o H
gcGh ,GhdGh dG e gL GeCG EG
FdG e eq G H U K T qSa
LJh Jh dLQ e fCG Y .dGh dG e
SG Qce LQ Uh b fCG hc GH :bh
e ncP e eCGh .IO dG JYS CG qEG IFU
13
 .jhS kIOS e CGh dEG i k pb LdG p pW m Ve EG gPh ,AH MU jGQ e Vq j n L
o H gX dH h c G YCG a .GjEG
Ma .j Oc M Sa n pnY bh .YdG onnNGa ,Q dG i SG CG EG Y a L n S m N onpcY neCGh ,RQPL H qgoQ EG nnY naOh npcnQh
.HQjh Yj kGc LdG EG G jCG :bh kfeR H HQJh podG EG pna MeQ Jh ,OGpH Sa cQh ,pVGe peReh pbGne pH
EG :G a .Qf M LJ CG jQCG EGh nIQGe n GPh pSGpe nIq T Sb T EG K .kjW GRjh jdG Y j CG Y aGa .fb EG RHh
GPEG dh .kLGQ Jb fdG G e oGMCG CG SCG CG n pYh o X
n Nh o Y r en On p H nIb gTh p SCH e ddG CG Y dh ,dG e H e EG
nne CG H a .zdNCG a dP EG f fc
fCc YQJh ,T fh .dEG Sa Sh ,gQ
hc Z K .Wj L hCG hj a
Sa ,X Qa KJ M VQCG EG eQh NCGh
nOYh .AGdG n a d snQ K nQU Th N
SQ dG G g EG{ : g d bh , dG n L oe ncQh
d GYGh ,Y G TC a ,N c SCGdG G
G EG T jGQ eM QOa .zG jBG Y kShhf
e SGaCG EG H :bh ,eBa eCG dCSh d Sh
.dh Y iL
kYf gJCa T LQ hj GJCG Ao GeCG ch
e o Qj n NCGh , dG dP Y SGaCG a d
dG c h .AdG n o jh ,AedG pL
fGjEG e noch Qb na jdG sUEG
GTha fG dP e SGaCG H L o Nh
q j h ,h dG bh EG Q dG hq CG e G
c LQ o dG HZ h . V e e G
HJ d W GJHh HQ e EG j dG
.G
e pYoW ch ,ddG dG e dG W h
CG oj kbh fch ,G dG ,Q dG oH
Y bh IHdG CG K .VQCG Lh Y c e
gn j dG dCG h .dG a ch ,fGQdG
VN b aOa SGaCG NCG RSc AL ac
EG e nfa .qSa ,H G nInZ
CG jOoe neCGh ,G dP e d MGh ,
n U nhSh ,dG p d o nf EG :j
SdG e BG IY cQCG dG XCG h .Z H
AG QH e Y GPEG :bh dG SQ Y
e H eh HUCG cQ K .FGQh QdG GhQOa
jH N HJh . L Yh UGNh OhCG
.dG
GfH hc G EG dG AL dG W h

14
 SCG j e T LQ SdGE CG YGE :d bh
dhe Y QJ c Ea .QH MCG j h SCH
kjG YCa dP Z c EGh ,YCa ehe Jh
a .Y Y Y IGQGGh adH aUCGh ,NBG kjCGQ iQC
Y GPEG EG ?dGh dGh jdG Gg EG d LM CG :d
oeBG CG Z .QG LQ L aCG SdG X
pjM Y oHGh nfCG rhnna .gCGh je e IeG
SdEG HGoC pJq bh dG p H Ea .dG peo X
Y nb nQTCa SdEG oY Uh dG e nc h :b
nRa .dEG nMjh jG e npH nRoj CH Sc
ndYh OYCG Iq T gTh ,SdEG BGQ h .G EG H
Yn j CG n bh ,kSQa dEG SQCG u nah pu nc ch Qn U
HLCa .d oj mjh hCG j m pLh Y napnjh
fGC eh .OQ H j M o J fEG : bh S c
b ALh hdG Y
n cQ dG e dG nWn h
KCG gCGh je sa ,qJQh dG qYh
G dh JQh , G bhh , dG AGQh eh
MGa .dG S c Lh ,IG z S{
b Sc SdGE iCGQ h .G dGh j dG
Y SQdG Gg d GG e b W EG :HUC
kS SdEG dEG Oqa Sch SdEG bJh :b .HH
X Y JQPCG W a S c QOHh ,C NC a
,fSa H e LGh bGWCH NCGh j q e K ,SdG
MRh G OhY K .dEG a b EG H cQh
nOsHh ,bGe Y MMa QG U EG YH
.Y ke e nb CG H , s oc beh Yn L
o a b f n fGh , p b n
K .Y H qbh nn S na QdG ne dG njb
hdG reNh .njQne joe G QGO EG GafG
H K .Gh QG GfGC h dGh jGdH S c
P fGE S c b QhT edG e QGhOCG e
.H fGjEGh GG AGOCH deh SGod EG kSQ
.iJ e aa .MCGh UCG jCGQ :Sc d a
2008 Rq 2 119 OY
.eOf dbEG Y GhHOCGh ,ee AG bH KCGh ,dH Fb G Jh SGaCG
.GQha NGb HH JG fE a SGaCG eCGh Y NOh ,dH ke dG Y a .fe
AGQh e Gdjh gAGQh GLj CG Y gDhGQBG rqJGh AfH eCa dGh( dH f j AGeCGh G
h c gJCG GPEG M . M
n m V e T dG e a GhcPh )dG c dEG Ga Shc EG G
je EG GhQSh dP Ga .meh mIq ob Y gJb GhY b fCGh ,SCGh dG e fGQdG Y iL
M jCG KK SGaCG H bCa jqQR oc d j
.dGh G e b eh dG AYh e GSG
QGO g dG (1)zc{ L f CG EG QSh MQ K
.J h LJ h n L h hc Y g CG EG H bCGh J eh e
.cf e Yh
.e SEG (1)
Hh QG e zSdEG{ H iL e cP
zb{
.o n rbpQ a KDJh ,d j
GjEG Y dj CG zSGd{ G HCG e W b zSc{ c
kGa hdG OH j L Ggh ,W aQ HCG d ,MQ H
,dG HEG Qd bCG MG EG kej M CG JGh .kT
g JQNa ,jVG H e d kjY ,zjJc{ SGh
.dEG dG Hqb SCHh YT Y XCG PEGh .Sc
ch .hdG OH EG dbCG bCG QG bEG ch :b
kHc b dEG a .zSGe{ G HG zSdEG{ e
b n fEG :bh ,keO pH qnb fCc M Yo jh a o j
r fG bh ,IjG Iq G g QG pd Y
n dSG
e nFgQh nnGh nGG dEG runa .H OGSG ojCG BG
h ,OH hq ojh ,dEG j zPGR qa{ `a EGh .OhCG
o dEG SQCGh ,dG GC b M SdEG Za .LJh J
G C ehdG J K YdGh dLdG g H dG b S e fEG :j
J CG ,GG e WCG GPEG ,VJ eCG fCGh .hdG
neCSG o e H nYGoC h npJ b nGQCGh ?SCGH kSCGQ e
jM n L n c dh MdG LdG Ggh .SQdG Gg dEG
o dG f dG cGTCGh J M e EG n a
G Y NCJCG Ea qGE n VdG ou oJ K .cd
b EG SQCa jeh gCG EG Gg oHGL nnnHh .dEG
X n pj CG QMa .dGh dc d SdEG EG :bh
d SdEG n fGh ,G Qo f o eq J GPEG zPGR a{
zPGR a{ nSGh ec e ob nZa .dGh
15
 e H ke dG e J Y kdL Sc h .oG oJqbh ,dG d o gh b Ea .n dGh dH SGo d b SGe cP
n
a .Wh fYh Jh Sc a .RhdG jQR Ra .zb p d nLN fCG EG dG rpoJ
H VQCG bh ea ,SGd G dS fCG b M MGG j QSh ,AGeCGh G OhCG L
l h e b Y l LQ b UCG ch : b
.e gT dG jh dEG Qj n nW K jj p H r C ea pFG U n q a M EG Uh dG fGRQh CGdG fUH Ql ce eGdGh edH
dEG L :d bh fYh JQ e S c a ,jRQPG jQdG e GH o nfe n SGh .LdGh Oq CG :d j CG eCGh SGd EG SQCa .Sdb j
h kGc kJ J fEa JQNG dG MU R nb EG eh ,fpZ e mN ncQh dP J EGh .oe Y d GjEG GN dEG
G e kbe ob nfa .kK AY H .Sch Sdb oY nLh Y NO h .SQ .O H h Q jO hq a zPGR a{ dEG f
jc EG nnna IpdG pAo S e e S e Y keOfh EG j h ,AGeCG e n M n e n L n n Nh o en a ,dUH YCG Uh a .SGd EG SdG a
gGLh kLJh gdG e kGc )Sc LhR HG( ?zPGR a{ Y J de :b d a .Soc H eh ,dH n YGh ,dG e J Y a
Y Lh .mUh dCGh dG e k MCGh Ic e onqna ndEG AL SGd pG e lpHGnC lY fC :a .SdG NOH eCG K .WS OGq dGh AGeCG jj
EG dP e nnfh .pd oJQG kaa dP L K .AH Sc oroj a .nnc d nCWq hh ,eN dGfH eCG K .dP Y no nna dSdG dEG iqOCGh Na
o h k SnCG S c
e Y e m SH INa k n N ,OGo dG jW Y o dn Yn EG : j SG d : d b no dG d GTah .pSeo Qb dH j Ve
e QG Sc EG j c r Uh a .AGeCG GjEG p VQCH G o cJ OfGh YdG Y o ZQh GnHn h ,dGh jGdG d Geq bh ,gdH LG
K ,Me ob oqna .GjEG OH EG kLe M gCG CG YG K .jS s oe hdG nOH o Lh H SdG AL dG c a .jdG peYEGh peGcEG
HCG oa GjEG EG QSh .qOQh Sc Y M Y nJ dG SdEc fCG h ,Qc Gd GjEG SGd H Nh Na .d PCa PCSGh G GjEG
b c J dG EG :bh ,dEG QYGh fYh SGd .AdG pY Y fCG :b a .e n h ,OH J a eCG Y oFe EG !bdG o LdG jCG :bh
dG b K .jdG g EG bEG Gg Y Z Qq b
s S GP :d bh SH Nh SdG n n n U K dLdG g H f fEG :b K .a dG Y
rnnN !G jCG :Sc d a SCGQ Y Vhh k feR SG d oe N EG : a ?A H o oJ h a .G VCG e ch .Gg ej b hdG
,SGod nYa .dG H EG rqnJ h oG e dEG eCG CG hnCG K .Y N Z Mh ,kjW H j M cdGh IdG g d BG Oq jCG
.J dG AT EG cf e Y .oG Sc n q nJh J e HCGh ,jJ e a d HCG M kSQ AGOCH gCG djh bEG EG M c j QU CG EG eCG
EG bCGh ca .YCG fCG :b d a .hJh ,SCH nIS aq jo h gOq jh jG bh GG
AGeCGh dG Lh BGQh jdG e GH a .jQR eah Qb pdL e QG e SdEG nSnCG fEG Mh
SQ e cP ?oeCG SGh ,pfCH non T L CG e a ?eCG
b :Gdbh ,GhSGh GhSh GeNh ,dqLQ J
PEG ,G Y ad SQ TY dG GdG AMEG EG L EG Qh dG o dhO r bCGh , SCGh SCG dhO r fG
o OOq Jh ,QG e EG SdG c fCG :Sdb a
L VNh ,L fdG G dS Mh UY g .jj H VQCG bh La jQR AL K .dGh MCG dCS eh ,G e MGh Z EG Ie Z kSQ
j ,YCG b gh ,egdG e hCG dG .HhM QbCG qY oG nfCG bh .Y oG dCS Y e
.SQ HcCG e dG Y n Lh nnfh S c f a
nnWn b HCG EG :d bh jQR d Ya .pFGeCGh GjEG JG fCG oG nd .H j a d Y e
o n Vs nah poG n gr nRh - dH k dR ? q dG L Y jh ,H OSCG j LQ H
ge H S H MCG Y c :dG MU b
fdG e n VQh , n dGh n dG dEG nnf b g gh .dEG Y Qdc hdG H UCG bh .Hh Jq H LdG
ch .zGhS{ j dG YW c LQ hrnpH
ndG dEG nqnb K .Lh Y dG ojh a oj mjhGH dG p b bh j M Y O Sh .z Y
pFHBG p GMC k n oM ch .nf H S EG o j
H sUGh dG snJh a .nQGo dGh ndGh a ?LdG Gg qoJ a :SGod d a .dGh
e jQL S H Gd c fCG n a paSCG pQNCGh
e g o Zh ,jQh hSh GH e jRQPG jj s o na .k Th F Th kGbh k Lh jQR dh fC c
S fCc AGhdG n en pG s Hn kHG
r da e r
n na
Yjo c d GYOh ,G H Mh ,G OhCG YCGh ,dG e H MCG e o H o Y n gPh SGod
pjQJ eh kIq ob npd oqYGh oHCG pH so na .f H
.Wd K .pdGh QGG e kIqoYh G e kGQH SdG
Gh AdGh (1)IHGG nSa .k nL pp gnO
b nnO ne EG : bh b EG S c f K . Y l q oeh pd d lgC e CG b YCG : b
OdG dW Gha JjRh H Gha
An G e bj dG Lhh jQRh .M .SdG n fa
NCG g e n oc eh pdW ndG S Y Gba
JCG a .jh hgd gpe EG n Mh Z d LdG Gg EG :d bh jQR SGd MCGh
:Gd Gdb K .H EG j H a .j Y
iCGa fGjG e EG bCGh cQ b SdG ndG dEG rMGh ,rpoJ h neCG ruHnna .Sc NCG

16
 q a .W VQCGh INh Ae Y Hc MGf H
.Gh GdG MCGh ,WCG GfCG Hc e dEG
a j kGA kG e gg d EG : S d b K ShDhQ Y L M Y c Y J a BGh
SQ e dP ba .dEG f f Ea .fZh
n qa .AdG o dEG dP n s Mh ,AJQG be
Y sn Th .NdG GSEH neCa d nJQGh ooLh
e Y Lh P Th QGhR G NGC o n eh ncQh nJq oY
M dG G dP EG GUh M GhQa .UGG
hjh ,Jjh GdG j NdG a .FG a
a .aGH VQCG jh ,jh H EG H
2008 Rq 2 119 OY
e dM c :bh jS NCH LG a .HGR EG
.ejh fL YGj Gg b c fEG :a ?HdG
,kah kGT S n VQCG nCeh ,IdG g nT
.b Y Mh H SQ iZCGh .zUh ah ,CG
EG PT SQCG e b a .Hc f L Qn a
.H b Y dEG dGh SQ SH eCj U nYGh ,dEG neCG n Vs ah J dG EG nCdGh .AGo dG
fc jg IQT SCGQ e eQ e fO h SQ a sT qM qHoj ch .PT Sh ,a dG oH
,jj H VQCG EG LH igh ,N fh ,Y
dG IdG j Lh ,kGSM kaM HcQ Sh
f K .SQ Y a .dG dM e QU
G H OdG Gg EG r o nJ !G GdG jCG
nOsHh ,f H S nnf ngCG LdG e H GPEG fEa
,Jq e dP e r J h .Y MCG u c Y n q fh
n qnJh GR Y dP n o n a .oJn rn T dG Y cQJh
SdG p dc Qn Uh n pY Yn a pHc en EG nna
q d Oo GSG Hc o e a Ss n a .SdG pdGh
pf kGOYG nHG oLhq a dGh HCG e a iCGQ
Hc gCG e S c oNCj SoQ ch .H kGQSGh
o M U X ch .k gP Q K e An pe
GPEG fCG Hc
AGOCG bh c a .SdG dP SQo n J PT n gU
p gCH nLGnC h ,G SdG Y SQ ondW GG
Pn T Y dP no na .IOG IhJEG GhqOGC M Hc
CG Gg c GPEG :bh ppH Nh ,f q SnC a
gh ,JYGe q Y a e j h ej
oh Y f CG CGdGh .Y S NBG LCGh
G pLho G j GNC a . e n f M H
NC kIM o n Mn en :FdG b fh ,oG pSCGh
dP Gj kd Gbh .H n jo kej n j e EGh ,a bh
CG CGdG :PT d a .dG ZH CG EG dhq GC e
n oh ,Hc HcCG oL a o nj Y kIYO nnJ
ShDhQ Y o J K ,gGGh RG H Gd
dP LGC M kfeo kdP LGNE H eC Jh ,O TCG
cPCGh ,SoQ EG n TCGh HGR EG hG EG kS
b Y MCGh ,jdG NOh IjdG OH Y
e EG Ya fCG eCGh .j e G GfGh
RZGh ,NQh SQ Qb Y HL a MGh ,jW
Z K dDe kHGMh IOq kf G J b
Y aGa .MCG Gg H Y j CG jEGh .ShDhQ
SGh Gd kej L Hc e EG K .CGdG Gg
QGO a .PT Mh , HcCGh FGeCG L
jh HCH j PT NCG SdG HWh ,ShDdG
a dG Gg Y bCG :bh G H a .NCH
e d SQ EGh .S H SO I T e
Gg dG WCGh .Jq H fCj SO dch ,Jq NCG
kLe G e Nh PT Za .iPCG e dG
17
o jDhQ r q h ,dEG f fEG !G jCG :Gda .G
Gc fEG K .GLh S e cCG gY d h ,d
e j SQCa .dG H fj QSG EG
,n H n q Lh ,eG nc QOa .Gh dGh G
e o n
n YCGh ShdH n na .NCG ATCG e dEG gfh
dG Hd snJ K .pdch pdL e iCGQ
H j CG eCGh ,dG e kGA eL dEG a .Nh a e dP CG a PT NCG Lh a
ea .pr nfh jdG J Y hj M AYCG
Q SG eC a . dGE OOq Qh ,IHGE dGC G dG
.G EG gfh jM H Lh ,HEG a
gNCa .dEG Hh de IBGe e G a
K FUh jf M VQCG aOh QSG
H ce jhOCH Uh gLh gNCa .dEG gOq Q
.QSEG EG gqOQh ,dP H CGj ggL Oj
e iL e Ue Y jSh Q SG MC a
dG CH Qn TEG dG HEG AdEH OQCG :b .RedG
dGh dGh dG j M jh G j
nH gPJGh HEG G S eCGh .HEG U e
G g QU b b CG EG e lIQTEG a jM
bdG G Qj a ,jG H e FbdGh
ah QSH G dG Gg ShO dG j ,Hc nGL na .pdoe prnJh Q SG p Y H
.ffdG jGhdG ,HdG GQGOh GQGO
G ah e aGGh jQ dG Q SG ISh
e Sd G j h ,g fH EG LM LCG ,Gh
ff dGh H dG iNCG dG e e gdG
G fGh ,SQdG G hd QSEG MQ
Zh qJfh GLh qQDe H AdG e FW SG
e l n V H , dG e k FW MQ fC a .dP
OdG e ,IdG RG g G iCGQh .gdGh dG
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Ghd ,dG hjjh ,GhCGQ e Uh j gQjO
j e FdG e GhCGQh dG e GbG fCG SdG
kT eCG c OGRh kb dG EG QdG aVCG K .MCG
FbdG H CG H QSG Qa .gWSCGh gQNCG e
,OGq b MCG SH KQhh QSG a dG e h
Lh QSG QNCG dCG ? a aOh gH dG jQSG
dCG fCG jh .e jW b IQU JGh ,JTCG
Qq DG EG dG H J dh , dG dDeh
.JGhZ QSG U dG ,SQCG AHbCG MCG ppc
dG ARdG dP bd J VQCGh ,J FGh H nbna e n nKh kHn V dH Hn Vh SQ e
kShhf fH d G a . G F dG Gh a JUNh oH nqna FG J e IoM
GhqSh ,gdG e J Y a JHJ GVhh ,kY YSCa kjCG SQ HUCGh .dGh GG e
Y BG bCGh .kjCG NdG GaOh .ShhdG H .i NGC I M QGhR bhh . L F Sh Q U
OGdG jY Z gQbCG J OJ M HGR eQh IG J e N M eh SQ La
.FGdG fh .MGH ke QdG gT Y H
.AGQRdG :IHGG (1)
.f Y JQL e Y S !G jCG :d a
n oc e pId e
r fG b edG jQJ EG :a
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Lh Y d a Hc e d iqJ K .T Jh
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.dG j CG iCGQ ,FL bGdG egdG e dG AG
GC J a d A W C G d eGC ? G
a fCG eCG !G G jCG :SQ d a .Jh
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n ch Y n a .e oJ dG je EG Uh
H :PT NC b K .kHh kGOQe QZ e OSh
NdGh ,eN EG hH a eCj kHc dEG
dG H Uh , dG g EG o aCG CG
cCG dG Y bhh SdG dEG Uh a .YW
Y dG H OhPC Hf e Sb MC a
jDhQ iCGQ b ch .dEG MCGh H LCGh SdG
,gJhh Sb PT ha .MhQ J CG EG f
gnJ Y QTCa gGdG e mu n eo Y a
SQ dha .Hf e jj H M K Ie gq eh
aq g fc doO IH Sa PT e a
npe h ,Z lMCG o ATCG nHQCG d CG a cPh
iME H I dG SQ ea . dG Y JCG b
K dEG Jnnf G eCG EGh :b . dG L d
e WNh PT EG Nh a a HdG
Y odCj dEG QSG n a .jj H H o n M n
SQ a .MhQ e LN gGB hC a I dG
.gZh d n d S AGQh lH gMCG :a .HQCG ATCG
.Je bh H QCK GQOEG e d j e Y dG Mh
GPEG lL dGh .GOBG och Gh G lf
IG kjCG QGhR eh .MhQ G LN K
EGh e o dG o r p jo G d H hCG A H o nJ C e
Z dHdG e g c j h .a bh dG
n bCG rEG l W oddGh .S o Y Ao edG e e r Hpn T
dh UCG SO NCGh HGR EG cQ SQ a
oj la oHGdGh .JM Ise lAGO rp nj pG e
,JY L Yh Y e dG e a . SQ
QSEG dEG nna .pYbh nnb oj e H nG
zSQ H nReGa{ a .jdGh dG Th
e n Vd pSa jen h JoK e m ofCG npJ
a .HGR EG Ye e SQ d c Y
K pHG p jH eCG o JCG a .U Y n jh ,b
.WSCG Hh G Y G M GhG dG dP EG G Uh
Y goQHCG rbh a .dEG NdG d nPCG
HJ Vhh ,Zh JMGL Ga fdG
,kInM oJYGh ,dLh pJQo U e GhgT GoH
,k jCG Y e e QGhR G L SGh . dG e
gh kjW kfeR gY GH M lIo S o r Zh
.OG ddG dG G Nh NdG GL SG K . ch Mh
dEG SQCG dG Y G HCG a .h j
Vhh kJHJ d GYh ,jdG ch JMGL
gY orWCG b :d b GhnM a .gj
HGR f H GLJh .Y a Y Mh ,a

18
QSG n a .f dEG q j kGA Gj
h ,HQCG ATCG H n dG e f fEG :bh
.dG Ie NBG AH df h ,gdG HCG Y f
EG H QUh ,kGgLh k gP HGO Fe bhCG fGE K
J a ch ,Ic FM a Mh G J H
Gn Sbh g M GdJ jdG gGC h ,IaG dG G e
GG dG H EG QSG Uh cP
M ,dG Gg J h GdG Gg e QdG j
Mh ,GQhe GH fCc ke GcJ dfCGh e j
.OdG e dfCGh e H cP IQSCG j
dP LCG eh .kZ g Vh zdfCG{ c CG gdGh
dG e ffdG jGhdGh .egdG H OJ
.eGS jq QP e aGb h zeGS {
IQjd GG G nT onLh kde QSEG nQa
Y G dG aVCG dG dG Y n YSEG pq H
f EG f EGh .GG H YOh f EG G
,T gLh Gdj dh ,n Wo o S dG n d
ee c e Y Gdjh ,Y a c e JCjh
k eh Y d k We c e j h . S
H SO dG EG Q SEG n Uh h :b .G d
,G H oqjj ch ,ob HG f EG oG
.QSG EG bCGh ,dG Sa e YL ca
,nf UH NCGh l SQa o eq J pq e
.MdG N gGHEG H YSEG OhCG e fCG YCGh
kJh ,keYEGh kJ ShCGh QSEG Sa
dEG aCGh pn nH NCG K dH lf s o na .keGcEGh
jCG :bh j GP QSEG dCSh , Hh H
dG o jh cQo eCG j dG e !OdG dG
,YGoN d j lLQ nMU EG !G jCG a ?cOH
Y jOdG e b nAL aJ YSEG EGh
e YfGh ,RGh dG d Y Sa c
e n FN n nbh ,kGQLh kX gCa YSEG BG jCG
OdG ra YGN N b e h .GU gCG
2008 Rq 2 119 OY
, dG n eo , dG Qn he , dG
s b , G bH CG EG IQTEG IBGe e o a .G RedGh
,odG oe jj K ,G YCG EG dG ne IBGc G b qUCG Y JQeh YU
,eOh pMh pJT ojojh ,cCG oIc ntj h CG EG e IQTEG a FU gjEG G qOQ eCGh .AdG
EG :QSG a .NBG AGhO T EG H h .AedG bGQEG Ic e U dh IBGc c b
,ecCGh Y Nh .G bG fY c dP a LCG S CH e kGQTEG dEG JOOQh kfK a
C G EG Qa .AWCG e JH e L Y eqbh .jQh Z c Y fCGh , b h dG d H
.geCG dP NCG g dG F G Lh G H e L QMH eCGh e dP QSG Sa
Y H Z G AGhdG Y e a h .AGhdG eCGh .kGgL A L e dGh dGh gdG
ch :b .U jh eRj H e ch .G :bh db e ea .dG EG dP L aH
.j H SG e kGoe dG c Q SG ,SQM EG dG Lj kfe kGgL e EG
Le EG :bh ,LGe H dG s MnC a g e jh .QS e jdG Y NCG h
.G KCG b fCG TCG h .kT dG AdG cCGh ,Y IOjdG J h ,eh e fdG
fCG :bh ,V e dG gJ e QSG fCa dP e QSG a . gd k SQM cCG CG
.e dP dG j a .GG b dG f Yh a dG ech b dG jCGd KD e EG :bh
dG J Q SG a . dG jj AGhO cQh .aGdG
NO dG UCG a .Ff e kGMCG j h Mh SCG YCG Y dC a dG QMH eCGh :b
e bh ,AGhdG dP GQCa dO EG n a Y AGhdH j Y k Va o LdG n ocC j CG : a .VGeCG
e :QSG a .dGh dG G Aef :b K .dG QM Y f j h ,GG
:a ?cJ nJ CG H AGhd nbGQEG LhCG dG U kGHCG c o r SG GPEG AGhO d o qcQoC S EGh
GPEGh .dG dP Y Ga n Mh MQdG f b G EG
a .rGHCG AGhdG EG kGOe G jCG
e IQHh H d eCG K .bM e Jh QSG
.dGh dG gP gOCG Sah ,gdG
e kGA H GhAa UCG G QMEH eCG fEG K
hCG e e Hj hVG a .OQ dG AG
.G a .Dhe j a dG bh EG Q dG
fEGh ,dGh YdG Od f fEG :bh
n o b h
n M o GbRQo a LdG n M o Gep Mo b Gfc EGh
H dG OH gOH f Gg H o fh .aCG
:bh dCSh dG EG nda .dG OH f
?SdG CG dG EG Ie G Gg AG oIOjR
GaU a .G Gg CT J !G jCG a
Y h .kGc kJ e GSbh ,kjW keR U EG
SGh ,G GM Y L PJG Y dG
Y a .dG YH YCG bEG c gCG e
PEH dG e AG UH j a dG FW
f SM cQJ H AG dG e Q jh , dG
a .jG HL W G c gh .fEG
19
 JQa .SdG Gg Y H EG N e fGC h , eO SGa HQCG dW IQG e je d CG cPh H EG dG bCG e BG a pM o h poX n
.dG e FGa dEG a .LdGh GeCH fe gh .e VY pQL
n e e YSEG BGh .eCHh j e
K ecCGh jSh fGjEG EG SdG SG K ,dEG FGOCGh d G p G GdH a geCj kHc QSG eh YGoN n nb dP Q SG S a .p nMh
dEG fh ,GfCG Y qQOCGh ,H j Ve dfCG EG W j dP Y SCGQ d EG fC H g Y Jh .YSEG qjQoP Qqbh e nG nfa dEG j
aa G eN EG cQ UCG fEG K .Qq Gh dG (1)zQa{h ,zGQGO{`H QYG Y j Lh .dH Y naCGh ,H n Wh kLGQ nG ndG n nb K
G iCGQh Na .gdG EG kcGQ NOCGh oG fhO S EG gTj Uf Y jo e H QYG Ea YCG K .LCG go ZCG M Ic kGeCG nG gCG
,RhdG e H e dG e J Y IYb Y Y HLGC aG b EG dG Uh a .Y dG dG nQe e e nQGh gdG e kGc kGf
GTEG fCc gh ,gdH e U Ab Yh Qa .Q SG V j FG Z e .LCG nQae
G e aSh ,QdG e jQGS ,dG EG Ua T Ie QSh gb kGUb cY

n ona .jR jQGL SCGQ Y ,gH UG j e Y ch .d OhM e M je

iL eh e QjO EG QSEG QY cP
hdG OH iCGQ e ne iCGQ j PEG gT pd QSG fh QSEG gUa .IhKh cT MU Gna
dfCG e zaGnb{ Hh H
Nh VQCG qb G e b h .GjEG OH h NO h .SCG H a fGh GOGdG Y
.GWh nq dG Ghq en K .je e r cCGh ecCa g MU ch .AedG bGQEG Y n cY n e jG dG P J H H UCG eGC h ,Iq L
o EG c dG s
n na
G dG Q ME H eGC f LC G e G N h .ThQb j aG d HG e d k HGE n hs R b jG Sa .e QjO EG Yh dG n ncQh ,jQGhdGh
AKCG fch G SG Y HT hq GC ch .Gh LhRh g ba SdG SQ ebE dEG AL b ch qQGh dGh jG dH , nb j ch , o e
Aa fRN eC a ,Q SG EG dG J dG dP a cT j QSG UCG e LQ j oe ch : b . S H bGC h e N a .Gh
a .IQq e Q SG IQ U a dG I j H j d kGjRh Sa CGQ d a ,Q SG cT GP fch .aGb J fc ICGeG EG dfCG
Lh EG Jh a J Lh J f MCG e fe j CG eCGh ,Jh LJ YCGh H EG f b fch .a dh Ic cYh Y
.SQ qR gAL fCGh QSG fCG a QSG UCG oeY oo j UN dG e JQU Sjh QSG j CG JeCGh kGQoe e
.QSEG M e g !SG SdG jCG :d da eC j ,aG b HH JGC GPEG fGC Y oC WGhh .Q SG IQU Qq Uh QG Aa .dGE j IjM Y
Z J IgdG aGd b :bh eCG fEG :a SQ Y bGh gh QSG dEG a bQ H kGSM ,keh ke ,kcGQh kGYbh kFb QSG
,kaf d po j dh ,feCG dJ h ,OGdG S EG Sjh QSG j Yj K .d a eG .MU EG H fa .keh
eMh AgOh jCGQh Y e fGC YGh dSQ Uj C H eC jh ,Sa IY e aG b nnC na aGb ocP QSG Y j nGP iL fCG Ja
H d UCGh . dH CG f h G W ojRh n d dG c a :b .HGH nLdG qojh e d Ua .e e b dM Y Q SG
d d fGC Y j fE a . d eG dGh GG eG kKe QSG bhh dG Y n Lh dG .M Pfh e pHn e ICGG g H J
dG KBG d e r n S e Xa .Gj peh .Y H NOh ,ShY e aGb HH cT Aa
Y kGZ HhoJ CH oJYhh pde EG aUh .dGh .aG b HG fGC :dG b ?LdG GP e :b BGQ a
.dSQ H orepnna jG g MU HH Lhq J ch
Y Na dG e dGE OYh Q SG fa Se kjL ,cT j kGSCG o UCa SdG
Oo dG e o VQCG ,LHdGh dH m q eo QdG e e bQ H eGC h H Y a .d dG
iCGQ e ogOCa .LHdGh G e oSh ,dGh a Jh jj H VQCG bh QSG QOa .LhR
G e o nb M q J K . fC G G dP on Hh HG EG G G dG K .d ga e gSGh
fCc :d da .gdG e Sc Y dG Y LCa BGh .L Qj Oc m SCGH J b :bh aGb
:bh QSG Ma .G Gg e dG b b , d SQ J c eCG EG a dG e SQCG
EGh ,aQh dL goHCGh keh kaT G YCG fEG GdG Y h ,cT IqTh e H gJh
. eh Y p c o oe fEGh ,gnL d mh nd nH e rYa jCGQ MUh QSO gh .FGOCGh GG
Hj :dbh H Nh G fG K .dd r a c q GE Ma G e GG S GPEGh .e Y e
dH o as na .SDHo n n f EGh ,Qho S n db EG !Sb EG eYCG h .GS JM q Y M e :a .H j
.JcP e nfCa ob npYQGoC h ,oLh sUa .anY fCG HUCG K e fCG IY QSG QNa .eY
:bh QdG Y XCGh gBGQ a pJQH rAa EG q oj CG gn eGC h o n n r n SGh ,q p S Mh
d f b hCG d N e c d KCG keo SdG QSh ,aGb HG eq a .H
jGC r :
r d bh r a . Mh H j Jh ,QqH Qo MGC L EG jW G Ua M S
fCG YJ a GYO oqU jCG .H J h QjdG kGOhob Y ngTh ,f c e Ic lQK G Yh
nepnb CG Y M bh d b CGh ?VQCG Y G Sa jG b EG GhQSh Gha .Ic
h oJ mpFd Vq Yh ,odG pGTCG H n p H eh QSG GMCG L Y OS n LEG h .gdh
f Y keBG a .G AeO nbGQEG o YCG q dh ?QoJ b Y OS K .dGh SCG e Ga je Y
Y kaoe ,H EG gg eO e SCG Ea bGQEGh b e QSG H qg eh ,MU e SCG

20
 n cpP H Oq Lh ,kG dh j JGh ,S a HG e jCG :G o H d Gda go Oq gh go n YhCa .pYn
x eo fCG Y TW dh n j CG j dh .S
EG ,ghOq a dG pe G nc o HG eCGh .kGHCG Q SG n SCGQ n jCGQ b P a . SCG d W Y dh fEG !G N LQ fE a . e jb hCG d Uf hCG Q Sd
, e A L dG FG N e HCG EG ,OGQCG e GhR Y O a SCG SCGQ e G OdG dj CG NCGh .dG e zQa{ b N gh .SCGdG
d SG b fCGh .Jh LJ eh ,jQY .dP Y G pFS oc rJGh .Y AfGh QdG e dG Qhe BG fGh .he e

o eCG bh .c TCG e Za CG H dG SCGQ Y gCG o dh ,G e H fEG :b K Qo SG q Za .QSG fa .dG eBG

o VCG K dG e oCjo h ,gdG e l HJ n jo CG n Jc Sa HH gh dP ej Ve K .dd
.dG e ASCG (1)
dP EG AfG Yh .jGh p jdG k oe a dEG Ujh ,f Y a joj kHc eCG EG nch
,Ye dJ h ,Uh MG K .dG j ,odG n pb e d Qqb AVdGh dH geCjh
dGh dG e L dG GeCG e h
o eCG b EG :bh .G adG dG Ad dGh QSG Iah cP
Y b dG bq ah ,o dG e n cCG dbCG FSh dH ,O dG g e G a fG GPEG ,h dG H cGC
PDoJ h qY Y qGnC dEG LM K .LG c jdG GjEG oHcCG eCGh .p eC O fGh Y H dh fCG Ja HH EG Uh fEG K :dG MU b
ofEa FYoH ZCGh Lh Y dG EG TGh ,f mMGh sc oqe a Je e hdG OH Y oj ac aMh ,SCG SCGc SCGQ d Ode dG J
Y hdG EG fh dG N K zdP Z H NCj Y pj t dG o n jn M dbCG e kbEG e QU EG n fEG o jo ,QdG fc fPh ,GhdG
.YG H j e Gbq ah ,e pGJ aOa t eo GPEGh .hdG OH EG a .G e eCG Vh a . ch
EG GYQJ Q SG V dG Y h :b nG Y dG g Q jO dCG Fe FGN Y dCSh G SGh e nqna G IM
.HM AGQh e GqVh HH Y GLGh J eN EG ? LhR j ? ThQh .dG OY e fCH .JOh dG MCG Y J eh OdG dP dW
a AdG EG fGjEG e J GNEH QSG eCa hq n o rna kH dh EGh .Z hdG e a kHG dh e QSG Gn nch ,na pd fY fdG XCa
dH dGE GLGC dG e H e Y hCGQ
,nG Gh SEG Q SG d a .A dGh
,AdG pqG Y GdpnJ h ,pAG n Sd GHJh
e a a .YW nHpQ GnJ h ,Uh GMGh
,dG dGh jdG ba MhQ LN ec
,oe fc dG nQGO GbMCa .Y GdG bh
gdG e HH GhAL K .Sa dCG HGhO e GaMh
o n Zh ,OQhH H S Zh , dG e A
Sh o Vhh ,gq eo jO nK qch ,QadH
a .HdG Y GWCGh ,dG EG SCGdG e dG
rd a hdGh So dG NG G dP e aQ
:o hdG r dbh .e M EG QSG aj :SodG
gg EG :SQa e T a . dh o M EG a jo
AT Y odCS e lnnL gh ,L d j kVe
.H onj M nG GdCSa ,dG pPEH Y onHLCG
de :bh LC a dC a G f G L n a
VQCG Q SG G J EG ?G n H J n
EG dP Y GhQnOa .JM g H dG jQ SG
N dEG GUh a .jQSG EG Mh M
SG M d M JHJ Y GLGh FG
dSQCG o G Aa .dCG Fe Y hjj gLd
oG jCG oYh ojGC Q jCG :bh JHJ Y j Vhh
naCG nch ?dG G Gg o e QU M
jGC :NGB bh ?GdG pLeo EG dG pIQH
n bhh e n paOo M n gdG o a nJ
n dpR e !G
Wa hdG oAY LGh .aJ EG S mnN

21
2008 Rq 2 119 OY
 oj dG gh .TOQCG qa kHG rda nHG Lhq R
Jh n o ch dG
n Ya .z H H TOQCG{ d
s LCGh pfeR n MGh QU M cG GOBGh ShdG
CG H :bh dEG na GhOQCG EG oN ga .fGbCG
oM U l eh , Y T hP l SQ a TOQCG dh
M dEG SQC a dG n CGb GPE a .m Ma
a .ddG d fY jh ,cH q ofh ,H
eN EG dG EG TOQCG f HH EG o dG Uh
.dGh jGdG e L e kSQ UCGh ,GhOQCG
NCG K .J Y LCGh ecCG GhOQCG EG Uh a
e kej Ja .Y j Oo j h ddG HJ Hq j
Gca .HQCG H GhOQCG eh ,dG GhOQCG
eQ e nonb h .TOQCG cQh ,Mh QM N
nHdG iCGa GhOQCG n a .boa EG a q e HH
fCG :TOQCG a eGQ Y C a . edG YC a
d a . MU CG GhOQCG HG YRh . M U
eGC rAL K .Y o qHGnC h ,m H e m MGh o c
FGdG e
:Jh Jh J gh JHJ Y n Lh Vhh
n pdG H Jh ,G Y GHQh QSG AN RJ
K !U Y N n YCG eh !Hob e e pHCG e fS WJh .. 312 S HH Y dS SG M
HJh J Wh ,GQGO H n n ThQ LhR AL .dG fh S f EG fS eG K HdG SBG
mc EG oeqjGC oJ h anO K .Y oJh Jh H VG K fb AgR jb bdG dhO qSGh
.HdG cfCG
.nZ mWh ,n eh kdhO Ea kjW GjEG Y bdG o S dh
Q d Gh .Q SG b Y G NGB G gh .. 248 S GjEG e H dG dG dG C f
.Uh LCG dBGh Y dG Uh dG bdG YRfh .eb eGO GM JVM JGh
:H kS G fch gZh GjEG Y IdG
jh ,HHh SQah je j M kfMCG dhdG g S
bdG Y IFGdG QGO M .ge Rhj M kfMCG
zTOQCG{ eCG GC eh fSdG cP .fS dG g GYRj CG Gha
YR a dhdG g d q J SBG ehQ X a
bY ldh d c GQGO H GQGO b :dG MU b jdG oO p G fG M Zh jdG H e Y dG
OH EG nng HCH snM e iCGQ a .SS oj NBG (GhOQCG) SfWQCG eCG f Y ehdG H
.SS SH S kGdh Nh H n eh . dG .217 S dhdG g e
ofS Hh ehdG K bdG HQM dG dhdG g
,HGdG ddG c a .e dho en SEG GH q nJh dG g (. 226 - .. 249) S FHQCGh Sh kN
G ch ,zUG{ EG bCG ,SS kjCG Sh H eb dG ISCG jh KH dhO HQhCG j
onepd IYdG H Y f Va ,zHH{ H dhO S dGh dG NqQD e jh , S SQCG I SCG
hq CG jh ,( f TCG hCG f TCG hCG) f TCG
e fY a KCG o H n pYo h .YSa YdG jG SCG Uh SdG CGc ,fjh TCG ce
e H eSG IYdG SCGQ QU M bJ dP OY jGhdG Jh .Sho c hCG O o c EG , dH
266 Hh ,ke jYh Y MCG H M Iqeh ce
Fg a Y G d GP BGQ HH CG Ja .zHH{
qSh gOY jGhQ hdG cP bh .S 523h
.oep jh d o j BGQ e q ch , oe l S Hh c e jGh dG UCG CG EG dG H fG K
BGQ fdG dG fc a .e iCGQ o HH n q a dPh .S 537 TOQCG EG QSG H e CG bQHdG
fGf e Gf H JCG QdG j e H ch .G e kGL jb
e YCG Gfc fTCG CG SdGh dG NqQDe jh
oHH sga .WdG OdH jj H ghbhCGh ,IQG ADg CGh ,QSG H SdG OH Gf jdG FGdG
.jDhQ oY s nbh ,IHGGh nAdG MCG UCG a .J AgR Gfc FGdG e CGh ,eYH hj Gfc
EGh ,GjEG G Gg d n jCGQ r e !G jCG :Gda .Feh HQCG Gfc fCG efQc h
H fTCd l VN go MCG :b GP PEG GjEG fch
SG K . Y iq a .dh S a hj e S dGh .jh IY HQCG ah .SGh
dG HV bh FY AGdG e Aa SS e UCG e Y j Hh .f TCG eYH
EG :a .fh dM Y SGh H a .dGh .kjCG
hKC j Gfch ,fGQJ ,t jo a ,Gfc f TCGh
dEG aCG AH dJ CG Mh ,eCG YGdG YCG SdG OH j af S d j h .ffdG IQH
:a .d n Mh eCG o YCa .dM Y n n WCGh pu pH jY SQdG dG H J Gg LCG e fCch .c
H Qj SEG H H G o a M S S o HG fCG d FSCGh Fbh H S H .SQdG SCH
Hhch RQOch rnQb `na ;fdGh jOGdG Fbh H
kSO d MCGh HH a .H onYCGh .Soc .fTCG AGeCG e EG Gd gcP q J jdG
,fGhG cGG e kHceh ,fGdG dG e UCG kGb c{ :ce H cP H ShOdG jh
HG J dh A dG a . G EG fh EG Y SCG h .jQH QdG gCG q j a Yah
.zG c jCGQ h SG
K .Gh ndG oeNCGh kGb d NCGh .INdG
22
 g IO S Y dG ZC S :d bh , G e
,e OG a dG e kGc kT da .IOhdG
pIH rnnSG M HCGO dP j h .HGJCG Zh
d da .oJ npb j c nIOhdG ooJ fch .dnZ
.dG dG Gg d CJ M e n G sCc :kej eCG
Gq n a .kjCG gHCG dH Yh ,IOhdG p H JNCa
oc M fHjh geCH j GLh IOhdH
k bh U d G a . G A Yh Y n Vh
PGg M Y cH QKBG Xh .a gVhh
k aJh Ah IhK j c hOGOj Gf a OhCGh
oeCG na .KO eh Z H SG M AYGh
ogCG nLa .dGeCG uoc pHZGh j pGP jG J
.dd Ghq Jh eCG Y GLNh ,PGg e jG
SGh .eCG b EG aCG Y bh H ba
Hh ,jG J e nNh .dGeCGh FNH PGg
H dEG q h M b dL H SCGQ Y
Y M dG Mh .JOhOh dhh gCGh LQh
IOhdG Y V hdG EG K .jM e kGQS d
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j c fj Gfch .eh keN H Gchh
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.dc e dGh dG e Qa G S N
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,GjEG EG dG OhO L e e icP dG g CG jo
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g J afSG b eQO hjh .HQhCG-jdG
pH o n Lh kfK GQJ G HG QOt g fdG YCG
gdG e kGOpe d Ja dH GQJ YoCGh .f
H j M e gdG a dG jh .h U
fdG Y Dhoj a odG n Spn Th .dG eh hdG
c kec kGQK eW ch .j c dG LdG EG MCG e
Gd fa .dG j e gdGh HG j CG fdG Yh
.GQJ hq Jh bh ,cQ SG IY eG Z
2008 Rq 2 119 OY
c T K .gq H N dCGh gQU EG V NBG Qa .adG e iCe AGdG g EG :TOQCG
.TOQCG EG Gg o J r Lh .MH e MGh Y nJU aQ M GhOQCG n a .kbOU c EG
EG HcCG WCG qeGh .UH HH e JG K dEG Vq ah ,dP f e Y o nan Uh . dh p U
.dEG fh ,cCG dh dd GhOQCG a .SQa e dG e dG La .Gh UG jQS
CG Y Yh ,Y fdG XCG TOQCG dP H a a j kHc q L EG n ch .G N nepN Rh
e L MCG G CG Ja .GhOQCG Y e j jo dEG a gG HH EG dG Uh a .dH
Ghd QG b EG gfh G e Y c GQLh G ndh n cGQ M n Y n q ojh jh
ah e dG QGSCG Y Gjh ,G dW .f H nd gdG e kGQb dEG fh .dG
jdG d j jGC KK Gh a . H j d j h .H Rh G UG Y kGQGO Ja
HGdG dG c h . dG jb Y jh b dG Gg ch .dGh cCG Z T
G WN YS fEG :Gdbh GhOQCG Y GhM .QoG J jQL dG d ch .GhOQCG G
e QdG jh ,c e U jh ,dG Gg TOQCG Y kej raTCa .QSoOh nfRN fch
dG MUh VQCG e a c Y EG G kG Y a Yh k M NCG eCG h . a
h .kfMh kq g CeGh GhOQCG Y dP n o n na .dGh e EG e dfh dG aT H HQh
rpn S JNCa TOQCG EG jQG df dG c SCG e k dG QZ gh aOa TOQCG
,QGdG Y eY dP Y nqna , G b e SG a .gM oVhh n SCGQ raa ,dGh
NCGh La .Y aGa jQG Y dP VYh
,dG gGG e dEG L MG e G fGN e
EG df fdG dG fc h .gdG e kGQb NCGh
gMCG g ca gOCGh TCG Sa nSCa TOQCG
.cdG H Qa ,NBG jQG cQh
PGg IOhO Y G cP
J je SQa OH c : dG MU b
V G Ic fch .dG MS Y GQoc
c jG H naGoj fCG gCG H IOY e .MdG
g m nL p n S f LnJ nLG GPEa , U
:dG H dG n ajn K p dG Y n n na .s odpRen o eh ,jb
j LQ jG g ch .q ppce EG u dH
fch .H S d c fC dH S EGh .PGg
.QcG G EG dG e j c J H d
dG QTCG H e a kej G a
.j
r La q n na .M J g M g f c
G SH AYh Vhh JNCa IOhO Sh
23
 p
q fch ,HH TOQCG Hf cP a .QOdG e b kGUb L je f QSh dG H c M Y L PGd LGh :b
e Ie
S HQCGh KG L TOQCG a .a jj H dG Y Qj Y j e Gfch .SQa BG IY cj
e L bh a H X M dG AGQh SQCGh TOQCG bh a .G e dd j e L
.SS H TOQCG gh .HH H TOQCG d j dG gh e j h ,HQbCGh OhCG e dEG j c dEG f Pc H j fCGh ,PGg M Y
.S c - eC q L HHh
.H j h fEa ,d H iS ga .c Y Y j n UEG H
dH YGh .OGH EG SS H TOQCG Aa :b
M SQa dCG Y KG G dP e QS fEG K e S e Oa .kGSCGh kb ShCGh ,kGc PGg
,VG G e k dG J Y Lh
H EG dG Sh .PGg b e e Y f .H UCG Y iL YC a TOQCG EG b dG
AHh YhQ Soc fCc ,dhq CG FHBG e GOSh
q jh F dG j C Hh H UhCGh FGeCG a .PGg b kGUb cY QSh kZ da
.gH Jh .ASh aQh
g d M MCG CG jQCG EG :bh .SGG Ic e Q VQCG O c H e H fO
e Y g dG GhOQCG H H CG d iL h
GPE a SLQCG b Qj SEG q H AG bG IOh dG H Lh ,S Y H G ea cdG
Y S b TOQCG fc dG NCG EG SO HCG
kfNO dG e Q dH gT fC H HjdG NCG EG K .fh NC J TOQCG eCG h . Y bh
hq Y Y J :d j CG eCGh JK H j
.dG H J M dG fa kGQf dHh Y Vh ,fGL L e dG Y nNnCG PGg
eCG GPEGh ,NCG Y q M J h ,HCG Jbh
gdGh gGGh dH gbhCGh GhO n SG K MU CG TOQCG Hh .GhL M dG Y
.godG g e WCGh jfa LhR UdG
e L e jG e Ic kGQb Mh ,dGh dG KG je Y g pe G L
Yh Y bq NCG dSH SdG gJCG a
ah JK e FW SGh ,SdGh UUdG FNP Y SGh a q N o TOQCG J
NCa .dGh SCG j b jdG JNEG FS
,dG He Gdh . a VCG G dG M dG SGh ,kYQP dH TOQCG a . H FGNh
kej cQ TOQCG CG Ja .SdG H gJCG dG dG
dMCH dEG a .QdG R dG f GLJh e gO a Vhah ,dM gQhTh HUCG
.qGh dG e f bh dG bh OYh ,dG EG
IOh dG S nM Y oh dG d n Jh . d LQh TOQCG j H Va dG eCG K . e
kjS a Lh ,UCG bdG e keL NCa
H JCG b SGN LJ EG :bh .eh AL cCH hVG TG a .k jq e k M
.G dhfh ,dG dP e kT a SOh ,kGSh
HCGh HC gGGh dGh gdGh TdG e .TOQCG j H dG n nG bh M H f
Yfa .a e Oq Jh fGh j e bh dhJ a
CG jQCG EG :d b K .IOhdG IOS Y g je H a .dG Y jjCG Gch dP GSa
Ja Lh G a .JQGh dP e ICGG
KK VCG Gfa .aH idGh dG aCG ja Hc Y GhLa G e HdG fh
.jdG dP Y LLO HQCG SGh ,X ASh
JCG YO : d bh . a VCGh dP a . jCG dh ,dG e H eQo HdG CG cP a GPEa Fa
e G n
q a .YdGh bd e e dhJ a
gSh kej WCa :b .eWEGh IOhdG eH :HdG h .d n d TOQCG H j CG eGQ OGQCG
e noj M TdG qHnQ e :j Lh ,dG J
nQpb a . LCG dG g Zh Gh S M IOS e dG g n K CG !pd dG G jCG YG
Sa .dGh dG Z e j dGh pdG
,SdGh UUdG e e c e a GPCGh jG .gb e j CG e Qjd j h .IOhdG
j CG :a ?IQGq dG g AGL e :d bh jRh
Qb J JOY e Y IOhdG VM EG eq bh a e TOQCG eh dG H e ch : b
H ej CG o n eCa .go Z H o pjn M SCGQ
QdG e aCa ga a .eWEG GhOGQCG GPEG RQCG J Se Th dG Mh TOQCG a .Sa
QG Y U e Sh ,eM fa M ,PGg Y JCa SQa EG kLGQ Qa .HdG
dH H UCG iQ dG EG QOHh .G e jNBG bdG Jh ,kGc kN HUCG e Gbh
.gNBG Y ga EG UGN e YL TOQCG Vhh .gOH f
bhCG M QdH NdG JQG gT b HjdG ch CG :d a jdG J gCG e LQ Oa jb
EG H QSh ca Y QS NCa adG Qf dG dH bh ?Y ch ?TOQCG NCG jW
Y a .dG W dEG dUh aGa .dG GYOh ,dEG GTQCa jdG Y gTSGh .Y
TOQCG iCGa dG H EG QOH dG A PGg ea de EG NOh TOQCG a .aV EG
fGh TOQCG fh .dH MCa Qg SCc Y n eCG Y pfq jh fWjh fKj Wh ,keW dEG
OGg Ghn SCa YS G GTh Jh ,H UCG EG npnna .jQ ocJh oL oj S fCGh ,PG g
.dH TQh a H eCa .QHS cCG dhh qbh Ka .H gNCa SGh H ooec
Ua FaOh gFNPh dG Y SGh FSGh PGg jM GVa .jj H VQCG
dP S K .cY Y bdG q ah d dG jCG :a ,Oo dGh OdH pQSGh dG dP Y
K .SQa OH EG OYh ,jQcG MdG EG bEG T PGg oeCG H SG dG IOhdG EG !G
W je EG eh QhRT EG e QSh QG G a .H EG H dG h ,MCG ehj
.dG e bh TOQCG f LJh dG J e G ca .dP
.LdG SGh ,q N o
cQh ,bGRQCG WCGh ,Y L dEG Uh a

24
 ,GQac VQY e QUh k T SCGQ TGh Y ch nNh mqoM nVhh ,G Y fh .G eCG a d H HG bCa .Y jh
G Y SCJCG fCa .G Kjh j HG dh qUGh non a .oG np Ve ic K .ej jQJ .G e M Y e EG :d db H N a
Z e j CGh ,hq dG EG H d fG NCGh bCGh ,e p o a eCa G Y NdG OGQCGh .fd eCa ?G Gg L a d ke cCG EGh
EG :bh dG nUa o jRdG fa .dGh IG dG e H e iCGQh BGQ a .G Y NO M NCGh G EG HG Oa .H eCG e eG K dCG M
:a .dG Gg e G oMQCG MhQ Y eCG oLh G H eCG e eCG EG :a .dM Y dCS a .kjS e aGh ec J :d a .dH
Y rYC a ?A G CGQ e fCG j AT CG K .d Mh ,a bdG J Zh dP dg fEGh ,dh d d G EG :f bh HG Y dP
TCa .feCG RG Y EG :a .nJ h n V .H RG G eCa .jOh oqoG gh :b HG d j eh ,G EG o a Y W EGh
a Y o G Ca .oG MCa .gQME H dEG .dEG a g eCG n adG SCG CG hCa .hq Y EG e fG
HG H JeCG EGh .JM IOe a dG EG :a .J Y Yb e fCc kHG Vh ICGG g K :b eCG a oeCG K nM nJ M H fCSCGh ICGG
ornna .M p eCG odNh dG oWCG GhOQCG Y rJCGh YJh sn T M qHQh SdG Y NCa CG e N ndG JCG Ch .Jj eCG dP Ea .G
jdG H bCG h ,H hq dG X Ar jn M f aOa G Y j pGP n NO fCG Ja .S S eCGh .kVe d NCGh H EG a .G JCG
o S HG BG gh ,kHEG !G jCG dG bRQ bh .dGh oGhCG Ggh ?dG Gg e !G jCG :a .kee kLGh fEG K .gS pANEGh gpeCH dGh eH LhR
G a .HoJ bH H oqeCGh .QHS oS ,S G e Hh dbCG e M pQhSh Wf ,AGYCG dCG q j eCG Gg EG :f bh HJ
.kY AY !dG UdG jCG :bh dP e nSG b dG noe EG !UdG jCG :a .DdG jZ .dP e RCG CG hCGh .dG bGe bjh
Fe H e GG EG dG Gg pNCa .JK Sh , S Nh iMEG dG e
q Y JCG bh , ,MUh (1)fCG kUCeo n f s L
n h O fa
dH gr eo ,dGh dGh q dG fhh j Z

SdG
652 - 226
e kGc V EGh k jQJ q j e g dG e dG G g
dG Y jQdG aj a jQcG G a .WSCG
IQG gQNCGh gKBe e kGc jh ,dG dG
S ZCG ah ,jQdG gj WSCG dG dh .a
.HUCG EG FbdG f h ,G
FfCG e c HdG dG h ,he fSdG jQJh
LM g LCG a .gWSCGh FSQh HGOBGh dGbCGh
.HdG dG kGH e LCG dG dG EG
q eGh ,hb HQCG eGO dhO fEG : g bCG CG Mh
G ehdG LSh ,(1)bU eh GjEG Y fS
kGKCG d EGh ,dhe kGQY jQSh IjG Y kYGf
q dG G IQM Uh S h j IQG
S dG L fEGh , HQhCGh e dG IQ H
- Y FN e cCG KOG bqa CG H MGh S
TOQCG SG M gQjO Y hG QSG Z e
jdGh G H Lh TOo Qn R jO H fEGh ,G AYCH
dhdG YGb aj TOQCG a ,jQJ q H KCG d kL
GJ h .SdGh jdG SH d Yj JYOh ,ke jdGh
.GH Wf SW e EG n J dSQ
c PEG dG Gg dG Lj ShOdG CG QdG ijh
g dG W SCG d J h , j e j
.ddG bCG MaEG
.gQhL (1)

25
2008 Rq 2 119 OY

H kdL j GP c GH CG dG MU cP
idG gCG HcCG H Y Na SLh Fef
.HUCG H LCGh GH ecCa .cGdG e MCH
:bh NCa GdG e AeCG N a kMb iCGa
EG kMU LQCGh ,SCG h g e GbCG S oTCG
G PCSG K .JH e Z dP a .V
a jW QSh , V EG k a e Nh
EG jdG Y a .cdG j a QU GdG
Y d a . dGh dG Zh a I T X
HUCG JGC h .Y ba G e OS HZ
.jj H kWHe Sah ,dG Ae ke hLa
Y G a Y dP a G EG N GfCa
GPEG G QUh .jT h Vh Hj :bh dP
G c Y j fCG L
.dG Y kVY dH a gSh jQGJh
ICGeH SEG HG hq J CG Ja dP Y S a
eCG LNCG adG d fc a . Lh e GP
e TG :H dbh .JCN b fc GT b
J h ,G dG J a eL S g
fK hCG S e SEG a .JY H
J HM Y SCG h .HYCGh bhY q Ta
iCGa GS gh QGO H EG a .HH OGe hO
Yh ,X Y Ka aCGh SdG b b kGSCG
dG jj iMEHh qdG Aa .fPCH SGh
Y SEG iCGa ceEG jj G iNCG Hh
YCGh G Y NOh fa .QM cGc X
:JHGe d a dG e GH a .dH
f Y a .c UCG EG j SEG Gg Cc
Y kHCG YU Qh b H GPEa Y a .Y NCGh
M jG HH W a .cSCG FHBG ch ,L
,G Mh a .iL G YCGh RdG
M HQT H iq j e QGe e j CG PCGh
j M j h , dG h j H j
GUCG JQa .gTCGh Hd VY HQT
Lh GbCG IQGOEG NdGh GdG H FdG
jM a G EG QHS S K . f e EG gqOH g fCGh GG EG fCG nNCG M dGh IdH
AH eCG K .fdG SGGh ggdG GOBG .dP jRdG a .dG ADg H e dh YCG
L J dG gh .QHS dh SG Y je Y Yj dG iCGQh GG TOQCG NO h
.QHj bh H dEG QTCGh ,AGdG n Jh ,QHS n dh
,YS TOQCG eN Qj ch QHS a :b S j CG f Z H eCG K .dh Gg :jR d
g ch .kGeh kGHeh kGQ SOh kGjRh d QUh EG ejh IdG e j K e jh dG
EG cdGh AGYCG Je e YS jj HCGh IdG M a ,dP dG a .G j H e
c ch .jOY aOh JOe M OdG GWCG gNC q dG Y dG e MCG Sj ce
a .NBG fL e hq Y d X fL e kGhq Y aO ,e Z qJh ,j h g fEa .QHS iS
CG J dG CSCG EG :jRd j GP TOQCG .HGJCG EG H OYh TOQCG j H e I dG NCGh
M G YRj VQCG MS jh dbCG .dG Ae OY EG OY fCc M TOQCG Lh a
EG SQCG :jRdG d a .Sq Jh J JOd q JCG EG H GhA Lh VQCG e h NC a S dG QO a
GMCG Y j Y LQ fEa dG MU zc{ ,Y nH e nqbh ,QU EG Vh Ya .TOQCG
dEG a .IOdG g d e orn Sh ,FdG bdGh qQdG e Y Gha eCG K .fGjEG EG H nOYh
p f H GeG M GPEG :bh LCa dP Y dCSh dP e Yh .Lh Z M Yh dG Z e
M G GSG OGR T f H n pe fh pG CG eCG CG EG H H M kY keGcEG ecCGh ,jRdG e
Jh DhYh J a ,G e C WGh SGh gQdGh QjdG U iMEG Y SG j
d jh ,L EG j h ,dGeCGh Rc eCGh GhOQCG HG Y Yh .iNCG dG Y G
j c :bh TOQCG Y dP a .Yh d
L EG dP Y fh .hq dG UGe EG a MCG
EG CdGh ,Y Qj a .Hg dG e HG W
.NGh dG H
.f NCG :OG (1)
GH hG OLOj H GH Hf cP
QL
aGj dPh (438 - 420) qdho eG GH hCG Qc GH
IYh S IY K M fCG hdGh dG jGhQ
heh dG iNCG jGhQ djh kej jYh TCG
M WSCG dWCG bh .S jYh kKK M fCG gdG
YQ EG k kYT ke c PEG ,egdG c ,JSh
edG CGc ,Sf fe Y J kb d GYNa
.c H hCG Y e c e
hT Y hdG dU a SS kae GH ch
kOY YQ SSh .WdG gh .L Geg CG H dOY
dG qfh ,Y fYCGh YGQdG Y SdG Mh ,Hj
.Y j e ODj CG dGh dG M h .GOBGh
.GaCGh QhdG .Y hCG SQa fc e h
.IG dG H HJh U GH IS cP bh
S da .H dGh SQ dG OCG G g i cP H bh
hhjh ,dG Y NCG fCGh ,dG b e hq CG fCG dj
.SQdGh HdG T e hhj dGh .SQa kJHCG d
26
,fEH jVh FdG KYh ,dG c Sb
dh .Gh jGdG hP e dG hhP q Jh
S a .HG IdG g nd J lM nM
S SGh VCG e Y f ICGG e dP GH
IdG EG ICGG OY K .Y Y Y Jh J dG EG
.jZ H Qa YV eh ,J dG J
nnnb b !G ne j fEG :dbh ICGG Ma
a .kaM IdG g V OY M kOY dG
e ke a V EG eq bh d UCGh
dG g N :ICGd b K .ggT dG dG
.QGdG H Y dG IdG e b Y Yh
Gdf dG GhCGQ a .e GH H GPEa a
ICGG a .dG H Y GLGh VQCG Gbh
H VQCG qbh ,fGjEG EG GOYh G fCG MUh
a .jjCG Vh dM KKH dEG GQYGh ,jj
, dG J d ghh , dEG MCGh gQ Y
QdG e cQh .VCG WE H gUhCGh
fCG ic H eg H jhH ic Hf cP
S KKh fK e Ieq fch GhT
gHCGh ,kGfR KCGh ,kH ce qTCG e ch
IdGh IdGh SC dG e ,cP a , Hh .kGQZ
e jEG QdG IYeh RdGh GeCG Lh dGh
Jh .jhH S ddh .ce e d Cj
d MGh ,dG J jhH a :b .q G
n fh Ya .JOY H L e Y ,S dG
-590) S KKh kfK e jhH G dG ic
e egdG Yh ,QdG SdG e NBG gh .(628
KCG GP dG dGh ,G dH Ae ,OdG WCG
j e dG S e H bh .SQdG OCG dG
dGh e Y SG a ;hq CG GQGO e SQa e
WT Y OL Yh SBG hdG c e FSh
bh .JM NBG fG g dG H dh .QdG
.GhTfCG q c ,hdG e e KK UY
.J egdG dh ,Qb P bh fc jhH jCG h
g gqH H ,iQdG EG keo ,q Lh HCc ,jhH ch
EG jGdG Sj c fCG dG Gg TGM JCSh .dG
.aUdH SLS jqdG c
Me EG TEGS dG jdG Y FGhCG q VG bh
S Y ,fGf gh ,jd ch .cQ d L QU GPEG G CG J eCG :da ?q dG Gg e :hdG
fGdG Y dG Gg dh .kGQjOh Fc H bh ,Y
.ehdGh jhH H MdG G QK M qV EG fG
2008 Rq 2 119 OY
iNCG jM iNCG jM
dG EG kej N GH CG kjCG dG MU cP eh e EG j GP Nh :dG MU b
.QV S fCc kY kfK iCGa HUCG e Ofa . J M UG Nh FGQRhh J HG e e Y L
.AdG r jn c jK dh ,q b H jW T SCGQ G Y C Sh ,I e Hh a cG VYa
a .a SCGQ HUCG HH eQh Sb Ja Lh iQCG M JCG d :a .dM Y He dCa
b aL T LH GPEa QU H Th Y H HCG CG jQCG kGS e EG :a G H GJCa .G
e Y XCa .H M GH b d a .HG .dH Nh jdG Y Yh ,fY GH a .dEG
EG fG M eh ,g c ca . S Q H VQCG g kYQR SCG c EG !G jCG :d a
AG jJ IqL gHh QGO H Y ICGeG iCGa .V a j VQCG Sh H GPEa Ae GdG Cea
e cY g :GH d a .GH e Lh a G Cch .dG U j U e jh AG
SH Na .fa QGO QGdG :ICGG d a ? e d HVh ,G dP EG G e a .c a
eGh Sa HQG :d dbh LhH ICGG Ya .QGdG dP H geCa dG MCGh .a g N
Tah ch d k NOh .kJ d qbh X H d a .IQdGh LBH e RCG EG Gfa G
kje Oqh GH Na .Iq Vhh kGM kSGh kH jCGa NBG T e He a NOh oa
e ZeO eN eh bh dG Je e fY WHe MCG gdG e Ze SeH GPEGh
N Y N e kW dEG ICGG eq a .S FGhQ bdGh LHdG e A gdG e c e Y
.dGh .kGQhe ICGG a .fh d e ha Nh dh Hh SeG Y cQ bh ,dH H kW
Gg EG !SdG dG jCG :dbh JQSh LhH IA aq SeGh ,c J bGj
dH Jh ea .kM d HPa c eCG SQdG b Ic K dGMh ,gdG dBdH aGLCG
H c kM d HPh LCG M H J a .dGh jQG dGh a dGh dG Q U Y U
.j Zh GH cCa dH dEG eqbh a HG a .bGdGh gGH Ue jhGdGh
a j dEG eqa dG KCG e dG e ch b !G jCG :Gd a kGQhSh kMa gh
GH NCa .dG SH AGdG e b e GT d a . j h j gGG e kGc YCG
.jM Y TCG M Kq M :ICGd b K j a .SG Y j CG H a kGc c e :GH
fEG :da ?dG Gg e dM c :d b K Na .AT kHe dG Gg MU SG a
mL c e NCj fCG iS M h G e Y QL GH YCGh a .Y L N iCGa HG
g e EG Y e e dh .gGQO N j H aCG e !bdG dG jCG :Hd a .dH
.Y IOjdG VCGh QGG dP G Sa .G dG H j e c ?b e L c
gQGO Y kGc kfH iCGQ fCG dG MU Z cPh LGh AGdG Y L j CG eCGh .dGh
:da .S c Y e QGeh LGN Y dCa dG dG EG Y j CG H ,eQdGh jGh
N deCG Yh dG Gg Y S c d G Gg bJ EG f d LM :bh . Y O
QcG QGG G H Sa .b c hCG . gGQO e YHGh d gGG E a . Y
dG ifh ,M dG EG dY fh ,f kGcP G j CG jh .LdG I Yh eGQCG
.dG dG g Y a ,QGe jj CGh Y e GHGC ah LQ K .k jL kGLCG GhNjh ,k L
IH EG ea d d J CG ICGG OGQCG UCG h Lh ,H AGYCG e gNCG dG FaOh Rc
Lhh Qq J a YV a d d fc :bh .LCG gZCG M cY Y bq a ,dH
dG b EG :Lhd da .dG e kdN YV hCG Ad N aCGh ,VG FaO cCG CG dG Pe
d a .kX VCGh kGAS if b fCch ,J b hVG d Ya .AdGh G cH EG aCG
.hMh hTh Xq bh
G QC j h ,h dG d C G L k X
dG QUh ,G HdGh fdG Th ,aGdG
27
 f dG MU WCGh ? kT dGh G Y
EG jhH La :b ? a VaCGh H WJ e jM
LH La .G H q j CG Y Yh ,
jCG YG :n oc d a .dG gQhTh HUCG
fC .hq dG Y e WdG c cY CG !G
;dG e dG d e gh .JNEGh gOhCG
.d dEG j a .Y eh H e
VSG b G Ggh .bh b QhG :jhOoc a
.G Gg G e G e dh .dG H
d KCG e a G dh ,d LQ e c a
J EG Uh ,OGq bh FGeCG e jhH ca .dMQh
L fEa GH eCGh .G EG j Y bCGh
hCG CG hCG CG e d c e c :HUC bh ,bOGS
EG RfGh feC OfH eCdh dEG a jb
Rf CG Qf fEG :Gdbh gHLCa Ga .M
BG S fa dH GH YCa .AdG Y EG dEG
GhQa .jQcG KdG GJCG Y Lh ,SQa
JQa .Y Gq fGh ,jhH Y G gh
pdG ndG Wh YCG Y SCG U
a .dEG j dG Y kbGh jhH ch .bdG
HUCG H kGA AdG dP iCGQ Q dG AVCG
GVN :FGeC a .AGdH dq ,AedG be
H VNh .YS bdH YCGh ,AdG IZ
aa K dG G JCG e b CG EG cQh ,G
Y G aa .jhH SCGQ d S gMCG
Y Uh .SCGQ fHCG HV e HVh SCGQ
,MCG e dEG j a .bdH geCGh HUCG
AGQh LQh fY a .kGMh cJh gQX Gdhh
HQ j G NCGh d a . b H GPEGh
n oc EG da . dG dGR CG EG h jh
h ,fCG IY fEa .G Gg N GfG :bh
Qd kGUb La .dG G Gg Hf CG Qf
N GH iCGQ G SJ a .GhdG L Y
IqY H eQh SdG NCGh ba .FdG SCc
K dEG EG : bh HCG bq a .Y e SCGQ JH a j fCGh ,N H f e gn Yhh
fdGh .U c JU J CG gGMEG :LM Gebh Y G KCGh hVG d Ya .Yh c
eRj M jQGdGh hH kY kLQ qEG J CG .jcTh jeM dh ,jQhe
J CG ddGh .jGh dH fDjh h .HCG Y iL kCe dG Le jhH ch
eCGh .LH d a . q Y Sh N Y bCG ,jj H ch d a Y NO dP ej e eCG
WCG b GH CG Y j !G jCG :a ddG e N c d CG J fEG !G jCG : bh
Oe EG fCGh .aJ e Iq dGh cdG e dh ,Y Y ka UEG IHEG Rj CG Y MCG Sj
h .d kGX VQCG Y fG n oc EG BG j .JM bQa dG N e d . Y iL
,f q a fCGh .b dG GP e dP Y Q bCG Y bh ,dGh dG M M o CG SQ EG BGh
b H iL hS Abh ,dEG M dP CG YGh
Nh ,jN Y edGh a .RCG jdG
.MCG Y dNO Y j H kGe Y e
CGh ,Nh c Oeo go fCH S fEa GH eCGh
e N dG jS e e bh LQ jhH
R f gh EG H j a c dG Sh dG
Y L Wn e jhH a .Gh d H
SCGh cCGh e bCG CG CGdG :bh .OLh
H da dG EG e j a . SCGh
T EG Qa .G QGRhCG M e jfh dbCG
dP G H i Jh . UG Nh OGq b Gh dG
GJCG e KK e ch .dLQh FGeCG fG
:b .jhH j fCH hYh bh .fbG OGdG
,fG dP e GHh ,fG Gg e jhH ba
HG EG Gh fG :H UC G H a .AG Hh
,aGWCG Hh ,acCG Yh YJ c Y dG
.GH Y HUCG jhH Ca !qN QGdH TJh
jhH j ch ,njhOoc j Gd CG d a
j :bh GOa .HCG SdG MU fEG :H jh
H f fh .H Sh ,dhO OY fEG !GH
L Y fh ,fcY jQS df CG jfh
d :bh dH GH HLCa .jnnUEGh FGeCG
UG M jhH Y dP a . UCG CG jQCG
Weh JYGeh JGQGe OhYh ,dG ch .Lh
jj FGZ qe GHh .GGh G
28
QGOh ,G q Jh ,fGGh FG dG JQGh ,G H
MGqWGh Y VGYEG Y qSG dG jj e Y
fCG Ja .LJ OH Yh ,h J a .d
cQ GPEG JO Y e ch . d hG Y Y
jh ,gdG Iq H L FKK d Oj CG d
,jQGG jjCH kLGQ Sh Sh dCG jj H
e jh ,qdGh dG jjCH HQCGh dCGh
,jOq dG e F KKh ,zjQGOR dG{ e F S PEG jG Gg g a .hdG OH EG Lf M
nIOhe ,jdH kseo ,kqn eo kGh kGSCG Sh
Y OGq Y n dCG ojh ,gdG SH GaCG
MGh c j Y Z Feh ,gdG dcCG ShDhQ
Feh ,cG o dGh Oo dG pa o nbj l en e
eq j GYdGh r LdG o e pq o dG e f
; ehQ CG eQCG CG SQa gCG jT IGh dG
H fCG jc jQJ MU jh ,SQa egdG
Hh .Oeg HCG e a M jhH Y .eQCG e
dG b H fCG j e ADg eh ,ehQ j IGhdG
zjjEG{ Y aq jT CGh ,e SH egdG cJ
,SdG GTCG MCG eN fc jT CG fNe h
MCa jdG Gg QGO j U jhH hN ch
bj CG eGq N eCG QGdG Q Y a .kN gYCGh jT
G dEG SQCG jhH J h .jO EG Ch dh
JKOM H QdG ij ahe hNh jT bh
fCG GYR ;Oga SG TY e iNCG b jdh .dG
H L kjW j CG c dH jhH S a MCG
a .Y j M jT j CG Yhh ,SOc L e
jT CG kHc j e jhH dEG SQCG jdG Oga T
.d c dG ke Oga gP bh .Je
hN{ f ;cdGh SQdH kGc jT b f bh
hNh q n dG e f SQ dG AG T e z jTh
fh .gBGh FYh T cdG AG T eh ,q gdG
AGT eh ,Mh q SQ dG AG T e zjTh Oga{
AG dG dEG QTCGh .AD g Z fh .FGf cdG
:n oG c c .oGc gT
Oga c e OH S T hN f jT d
j Yh ,hN f (gT) jT Y QU :CG
2008 Rq 2 119 OY
e b J CG hCa QYGh AdG e H ea j q Jh .La Sa f UCG M
I dG e fE a .H Jh Y N a h dG G Y GH fGh .La kjCG Sa jhH
OMCG gJ FGdG Yh .f a fhj dG .fG Gg EG OYh ,G a jhH eCa
eh ,G G hPh ,jdG gCG e gh .OcCG Jh eCGh . Wn NO M k fh k e e LQh
.zjh j CG e H h G gCGh G H .QG SCGh G HCG Mh Q G SCG JH
bh ,jhHh H LGh Nh VQCG q a H iL eh H YCG K d Sh HCG Y NOh
GhdGh KCH GLNa .hG e d H :d AL b hq dG CGh ,GefG HUCG CG cPh .GH Hh
EG CdG G PCG EG :bh .GhdG L EG N
.hq dG Y H jG GHCG e GUCG JQG e H Gg EG{ : a . Y H SGh dG
da kb Y GNCa .N Nh Nh ca h c EGh .fGN h IqY d e dG Ea .GdG
Nj GH CG YG !G jCG :a SGh dEG
,dG jS Y jh HCG a dG EG YdG
b EG j C H Y jh ,k MG pe jh
dH Mq j .dEG ke Gk e PfEGh Y dH
j La .jW kGNBG Sh jhH a .cgEG EG
JH Nh Oeo go Y NOh ,GQO dG FG
a . M jhH N GQSh LNh ,Sb
EG :a .S d Lh qUa H MCG gBGQ
.zGS{ hCG ,IqOG Y Gd a .j dG Y Ya fAGQh dG
jO EG GfG CG EG GhQSh ,jq dG jW GhNCGh
kGN WC a gGdG G SGh Na . Y
Mh ,YS jhH a .kHGT gSh ,kHh ,kGa
.b EG gNCGh gca
c j K j jh j d jh H M SCGQ
...hjh
jMh ,jhH ic e jT b cP
G HH
n
jQh Y e ,jhH c :dG MU b
EG EG jQGLh Ff e ,HCG IM HT
Y j ,IUdG dG H Y fch .jT
H H e H Y TG e a .UN gZ
dT dH J J a .HL GH Fbh e
.QMCG Oga bh ,IdG J eJh ,HdG J fG a .dM
29
e W QME H jhH eC a G G jEG EG GhO Y
dP GhCGa SdG H Va .Y O a MCG gdG
Zh ,dG GbGQCGh dG Gaa eCG K .Ga
IV fC c QU M U K q Wh q fh
e Gg :G a .G EG hOYCGh ,ddG dG
fc EGh IgW OY H EG dq fEGh .jT
,d GYOh G Y GVa .IgX jhe o b e
kd G ch :b .dRe EG GhOYh G fGh
M jT e Qa b H e e kGQfh
f e S H G L K .J a k S S ?GdGh G GP jCG !dG G jCG :NQ H
30
Gq bh .G q e EG n jQ jdG O J M cG
d M jdG Tj AG b e AS Fe ADg
dGMh .H a VQCG e kGQZ j AGg g
,TdG He G OhCG T e SQa FKK
.j HdG naQpdG SCGQ Yh
jT H Sh . dG g Y jhH a
FTh LJh , n oMh r nM H g a
G ce b h .S EG Uh ,aQaQh
dbh ,Hh e eh iCG bhh ,Y aTCG
.jd J jCG ?G W a hJ c dG dG J jCG
?OJ jCG J iJ ?OdGh KGG
cM e dEG MCGh gdG j Gj e AdG iCGQ
cGj Xfh j q e e GPEG q Xd Qf CG
h ,eO QJh ,fMh H dEG J Wh
bQhZGh ,Lh UG dP G S a . L
e kceh ,keON HQCG dEG a Y edH
gG J M o EG n oJ CG eCGh , UG cGG
onWh b h .e EG jW QSh .UG
fY K Gh dG nWh p dGh pdG e
. fG cG dGh , FGdG cGG J dG f
G fh , dG jQ ZC H J VQCGh
qNh jT LN GjEG EG NO a .G
eCGh GHG He G Ya .eb VQCG qJ
. n na jBGh SQ Y jT Lhq j CG
b EG jT q H jG QNCG VSGh
,IG YCGh dhdG HcCG Y dP a .G
Y jCG KK G Nj a A dGh IHGG FSh
.gYSGh gSGh HGdG dG a .jhH
.Yf MSGh Z Y dCS GhM a
G d GHG He EG GnehCGh MCG e j a
EG !G jCG :b K H Jh HG a .Y
cPh .H EG jT YCG fC e fQhU bV
a .kHGL j h G a .jhe ka
GUCG h .Gea .ec Y G j GZ :HG
 QH e aZGh ,eCG d GZJh ,Qb ad
bGe hO gQHCG eGW Nh ,daEGh a
QGfCG e b O cQOCG dh .dLh F S
Y e e SCGh ,e AGVCH igGh ,eY
QKBG e dG dG iCGQh ,fMEGh dY YGb
OH KBG OG f j a , f Sh
q Zh O j C G H g j e Jh , H UCG
Ea Y M AS ShOdG T Ea .FdG
d M nG IOSh G Qah dG Gg cT
,kGf jOdG de fh ,kf FdG LQO H
TQ H bCG kGTh kGM edG FU Ceh
O e Ib UH CG h ,INGdG WGY QH e
jh ,fSh e j J da .IedG VGa
,f e A dG Q e a ajh ,fGYCGh QfCG
e jh ,WdGh G JNEGh OhCH h
.jdG j EG HYCGh HYCG QGh QG
2008 Rq 2 119 OY
N
Y H a UCG G dG Le b
SGe eG Y G dh dG YCG b :UCG
,dGh dG e e zG G{ dG fe
dG Gg LJ ,QfCG YCGh ,QGbG dG YV
S
gGL Oeh ,G dB QH Y G QdG
, dG dG SCG a YCG Y Y a . dG
,TQ dCH ,HdG dG GaCG fe ch
.dG jh ,dG j SCGh ,fCG GQYh
fdG G IG b e F H Thh
.dG AUh ,jdG UN Y jOY S kdS
Y kGOq ,jCG U Y ke cP H Nh
kGFS ,aG W ke ,GYCGh QdG bJ
dG Fc d dG Gg Ea .bG OH cCG
.G QjO Rh h ,dDG HQ QJ dG
SdG Jh ,FGZ d dG JJ fd
kOEG Gg b dh .FYh b SG EG
g GOS FGhQ d fEa .qdGC kHYEGh ,JCG
kHL dG Yh q Y qJ GJ dG IG
kp Th k gjEGh J dG eeh ,kn Th
h ,J CG e IadG XdCG TM r S
G fe jQ r SGh ,J dG S
e ,c bh .Jh dG FH J CG
.kbH qdG N Cch JLh ,kbf d VqJ
ddG CeCa OjEG LSCG U M jOjCG fCa
b d Y q dG IY Ye Mh .dG Y EG
dh .dG H e IG NCG e fCc M
,n Gh qdG G Y jJ CG JOS e kYrpH
.dGh IdG HG EG iJh
j M Hc N ShOdG cJ dh .Gg
a bJ h , e f S e
e Hh ,dG qdV e a e G Gg Lh
z n MCG{ e aOUh .dGh VGdG e j
AfG e Mh .bEGh kbh ,aEGh kfMEG
A HBG Y e H q Th N e jO Y EG
eSCG MCG b J Y H aQh ,SCGh
hjaCG BGQ d H a PEG ,NCGh YCG
Ad dG jS Qa GhTfCGh , dG bY
31
32