WRITING WRITING TASK 1 ‘You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The chart below shows the amount of maney per week spenton fast foods in Sritain. The graph shows the trends in consumption of fast foods. White a repent for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. “You should write at least 150 words. Expenditure on fast foods by income groups er parson High income Average Income Low income ‘Consumption of fast foods 1970-1990 grammes 00} ano) 170 1875 1980 085 agoThe chart shows that high income earners consumed considerably more fast foods than the other income groups, spending more than twice as much on hamburgers (43 pence per person per week) than on fish and chips or pizza (both under 20 pence). Average income earners also favoured hamburgers, spending 33 pence per person per week, followed by fish and chips at 24 pence, then pizza at 11 pence. Low income earners appear to spend less than other income groups on fast foods, though fish and chips remains their most popular fast food, followed by hamburgers and then pizza. From the graph we can see thatin 1970, fish and chips were twice as popular as burgers, pizza being at that time the least popular fast food. The consumption of hamburgers and pizza has risen steadily over the 20 year period to 1990 while the consumption of fish and chips has been in decline over that same period witha slight increase in popularity since 1985.WRITING TASK 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The charts below show the number of Japanese tourists travelling abroad between 1985 and 1993 and Australia’s share of the Japanese tourist market. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words. Numbers travelling abroad fin millians) Percentage coming to Austratia Sai a 4 2 Japanese tourists travelling abroad 85 86 87 B88 89 90 91 92 93 G4 95 Austraiia’s share of Japan's tourist market a ——— 85 86 a7 a8 89 90 91 92 93 OF 95SAMPLE ANSWER This is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 5 score. Here is the exammner’s comment: The writer does what is required of her in terms of task fulfilment, and the message can be followed, but the weaknesses in grammatical control and in spelling cause difficulty for the reader. Complex sentence structures are attempted, but the greatest levels of accuracy are found in basic, simple structures. This chart shows us that Japanese tourists go abroad for travelling in a decade and Australian’s share of marketing for Japanese tourists. Between 1985 and 1995 Japanese tourists travelling abroad was dramatically increased. In 85 there was about 5 milions traveller go abroad. Since 85 number of traveller went up dramatically until 40. It was alomost twice then between 90 and 93 the number rimain stateable, which is about 12 millions. From 93 to 95 it rose slightly. Therefore in 1995 there were about 15 millions people went abroad. | am going to write about the other chart, which is Australian’s share of Japanese’s tourist market. This is also between 1985 and 1995. About 2 million Japanese tourist went to Australia in 1985. Between 85 and 89 people went there is increased sharply, which is almost 3 times more. In 1990 it fall number slightly but from 90 to 94 number is went up. However 94 to 95 is not so went up number of people who went to Australia. It rimain is the same or slightly decreased.WRITING TASK 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer goods in four European countries. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words Amount spent on consumer goods po =e maaan | Tennis racquets Germany l fhaky GB France 1 HB Britain | | eestor teem a | Photographac film 100 120 149, 160 180 thousand pounds sterlingMODEL ANSWER This model has been prepared by an examumer as an example of a very good answer. However, please note that this is just one example out of many possible approaches. The chart shows that Britain, among the four European countries listed, has spent most heavily on the range of consumer goods included. In every case, British spending is considerably higher than that of other countries; only in the case of tennis racquets does another country, Italy, come close. In contrast, Germany is generally the lowest spender. This Is most evident in photographic film, where Germany spends much less than Britain. Germany only spends more than another country, France, in two cases; tennis racquets and perfumes. Meanwhile, France and Italy generally maintain middle positions, averaging approximately similar spending overall. Specifically, France spends more on CDs and photographic film but less on tennis racquets than Italy does. Italy's spending on personal stereos is only marginally greater than that of France, while spending on toys is equal between the two. Itis clear from the data given that there are some significant differences in spending habits within Europe.WRITING TASK 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and industrialised countries in 1986 and 1990. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below, You should write at least 150 words ‘Years of schooling Per 1000 people US 4 billions Average years of schooling 1960 1990 Scientists and technicians per 1000 people 30, ee 1980 1800 Spending on Reenarch & Development 400,—— - 300. 200 100 4 9 Aan Developing countries: industrialised countries:MODEL ANSWER This model has been prepared by an exammer as an example of a very good answer. However, please note that this is just one example out of many possible approaches The data shows the differences between developing and industrialised countries’ participation in education and science. In terms of the number of years of schooling received, we see that the length of time people spend at school in industrialised countries was much greater at 8.5 years in 1980, compared to 2.5 years in developing countries. The gap was increased further in 1990 when the figures rose to 10.5 years and 3.5 years respectively. We can see a similar pattern in the second graph, which shows that the number of people working as scientists and technicians in industrialised countries increased from 55 to 85 per 1,000 people between 1980 and 1990, while the number in developing countries went from 12 to 20. Finally, the figures for spending on research and development show that industrialised countries more than doubled their spending, from $200bn to $420bn, whereas developing countries actually decreased theirs, from $75bn down to $25bn. Overall we can see that not only are there very large differences between the two economies but that these gaps are widening.WRITING TASK 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The graph below shows the unemployment rates in the US and Japan between March 1993 and March 1999. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below, You should write at least 150 words. Unemployment Rates: US and Japan Percentage of work force 20 | 1 —f | Mar 93 Mar 94 Mar 95 Mar 96 Mar 97 Mar 96 Mar 99SAMPLE ANSWER This is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 7 score. Here 1s the examiner's comment: This is a good account of the information presented in the graph, although occasionally the organisation of the data is slightly unusual. The wniter grasps all the key points, however. and supports these with figures, before providing a summary of the main points. Sentence structures are more than adequate, although the wnter has some problems with the use of tenses and prepositions. There are minor examples of unsuitable register (e.g. ‘turmed out’, ‘disastrous’, and one contracted verb form). but as there are only a few instances of this. the candidate has not been penalised. According to the results of the labour-force research published recently, the following conclusions can be drawn from it: In March, 1993, United States had seven percent of their workforce which might not seem disastrous until compared with Japan, where 2.5% were unemployed. However, the unemployment rate in United States began declining slowly since March 1993, and reached 5% mark in the middle of 1996. Japan turned out to be less lucky, as their unemployment rate doubled in three years. From then on. the percentage of unemployed workforce in United States remained roughly the same — about 5% until March 99, although there were minor falls and rises in the unemployment rate. As for Japan, the percentage of unemployed fell rapidly by 0.5—0.6% after March 1996, but from summer 1996 and onwards it grew steadily and without any falls to reach 5.0% boundary in March 1999. The major conclusion that I've drawn using the graph, is that number of unemployed in USA decreased by about 2.0% in the course of six years, while in Japan it actually increased by 2.5% percent. As a result, in March 99, both Japan and US had about 5% of their work force unemployed.WRITING TASK 1 V__ should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The table below shows the consumer durables (telephone, refrigerator, etc.) owned in Britain from 1972 to 1983. Write a reportfor a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words. Consumer durables 1972 1974 | 1976 1978 1979 1981 1982 1983 Percentage of households with: central heating 3? 43 48 52 55 59 60 64 television 9% 95 96 96 97 97 97 98 video 18 vacuum cleaner 87 89 92 92 93 94 95 refrigerator 73 81 88 91 92 93 93 94 washing machine | 66 68 ral 75 74 78 19 80 dishwasher 3 3 4 4 5 telephone 42 50 o4 60 67 75 76 17MODEL ANSWER This model has been prepared by an examiner as an example of a very good answer. However, please note that this is just one example out of many possible approaches. The chart shows that the percentage of British households with a range of consumer durables steadily increased between 1972 and 1983. The greatest increase was in telephone ownership, rising from 42% in 1972 to 77% in 1983. Next came central- heating ownership, rising from 37% of households in 1972 to 64% in 1983. The percentage of households with a refrigerator rose 2 1 % over the same period and of those with a washing machine by 14%. Households with vacuum-cleaners. televisions and dishwashers increased by 8%, 5% and 2% respectively. In 1983. the year of their introduction, 18% of households had a video recorder. The significant social changes reflected in the statistics are that over the period the proportion of British houses with central heating rose from one to two thuds, and of those with a phone from under a half to over three-quarters. Together with the big increases in the ownership of washing machines and refrigerators, they are evidence of both rising living standards and the trend to lifestyles based on comfort and convenience.You shouldspend about 20 minutes onthistask. The chart below shows the amount of leisure time enjoyedbymen and women ofdifferentemployment status. Writea report for auniversitylecturer describing the informationshown below. You should write at least 150 words. Leleure time in a typical week: by sex and employment status, $993 - 99 ne, 0- a i ig Males * [-] Females Hourg of lecture tite Empioyed Employed Unemployed Retired Housewives — Bull Hen ae teMODEL-ANSWER This model has been prepared by an examiner as an example of a very good answer. However, please note that this is just one example out of many possible approaches. The chart shows the number of hours of leisure enjoyed by men and women in a typical week in 1998-9, according to gender and employment status. Among those employed full-time, men on average had fifty hours of leisure, whereas women had approximately thirty-seven hours. There were no figures given for male part-time workers, but female part-timers had forty hours of leisure time, only slightly more than women in fulltime employment, perhaps reflecting their work in the home. In the unemployed and retired categories, leisure time showed an increase for both sexes, as might have been expected. Here too, men enjoyed more leisure time - over eighty hours, compared with seventy hours for women, perhaps once again reflecting the fact that women spend more time working in the home than men. Lastly, housewives enjoyed approximately fifty-four hours of leisure, on average. There were no figures given for househusbands! Overall, the chart demonstrates that in the categories for which statistics on male leisure time were available, men enjoyed at least ten hours of extra leisure time.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The first chart below shows the results ofa survey which sampled a cross-section of 100,000 people asking if they travelled abroad and why they travelled for the period 1994-98. The second chart shows their destinations over the same period Write a reportfor a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words. VISITS ABROAD BY UK RESIDENTS BY PURPOSE OF VISIT (1994-98) 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Holiday 15,246 14,898, 17,896 19,703 20,700 Business 3,155 3,188 3,249 3,639 3,957 Visits to friends and relatives 2,689 2,628 2,774 3,051 3,181 Other reasons 982 896 1,030 1,054 990 TOTAL 22,072 21.610 24,949 27,447 28.828 DESTINATIONS OF VISITS ABROAD BY UK RESIDENTS BY MAIN REGION (1994-98) Western Europe North America * Other areas Total 1994 19,371 919 1,782 22,072 1995 18.944 914 1,752 21,610 1996 21877 1,167 1,905 24,949 1997 23,661 1,559 2,227 27,447 1998 24,519 1,823 2,486, 28,828SAMPLE ANSWER This is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 7 score. Here is the examiner's comment: The task is competently reported, although some details are ignored. The message is clear and there is good use of cohesive devices to organise points. Despite some minor errors in spelling and agreement, a good range of structures is used. According to statistical /nformation, the main reason for traveling abroad is holidays, business, and visits to friends and relatives. Indeed, there is a steady increase in the number of holiday makers: while in 1996 there were about 17,896 of the sample in 1998 there were 20,700 of them. Moreover, with the /ntroduction of more countries within the EC market, travelling for business has also increased. Although there is not a big decrement 3,957 traveled abroad for business during \998> compared with 3,249 in 1996. Finally, traveling abroad for visiting friends and relatives shows a steady Increase over the period 1994—1998. While there were about 2,628 travelers in 1995 in 1998 the number increased to 3,181 in 1998. Consequently, there is a steady increase in three main reasons for travelling abroad; Holidays, business, or to visit relatives and frends. In addition, there is also an Increased change in the destinations which people tend to prefer for travelling. The area which appear to be more popular among travellers is Westem Europe. Indeed, while in 1994 only 19,371 of the sample preferred to spend their holiday (or other reasons) in that main region, there was an increase to 24,519 in 1998. North America and other areas appeared also favourable. In 1996, there were 1,167 going to North America and 1,905 to other areas. These numbers increased to 1,823 and 2,486 accordingly. Statistical figures prove that Western Europe seems to be the most favourable place for holiday makers while North America and other areas follow behind.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The table below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between 1930 and 1980. Write a reportfor a university, lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words. In thousands EaMODEL ANSWER This model has been prepared by an examiner as an example of a very good answer. However please note that this is just one example out of many possible approaches The table shows that the figures for imprisonment in the five countries mentioned indicate no overall pattern of increase or decrease. In fact there is considerable fluctuation from country to country. In Great Britain the numbers in prison have increased steadily from 30 000 in 1930 to 80,000 in 1980. On the other hand in Australia, and particularly in New Zealand the numbers fell markedly from 1930 to 1940. Since then they have increased gradually, apart from in 1980 when the numbers in prison in New Zealand fell by about 30,000 from the 1970 total. Canada is the only country in which the numbers in prison have decreased over the period 1930 to 1980, although there have been fluctuations in this trend. The figures for the United States indicate the greatest number of prisoners compared to the other four countries but population size needs to be taken into account in this analysis. The prison population in the United States increased rapidly from 1970 to 1980 and this must be a worrying trend.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries, Stunmarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. Proportion of population aged 65 and overMODEL ANSWER This model has been prepared by an examiner as an example of a very good answer. However, please note that this is just one example out of many possible approaches. The graph shows the increase in the ageing population in Japan, Sweden and the USA, It indicates that the percentage of elderly people in all three countries is expected to increase to almost 25% of the respective populations by the year 2040. In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 or more stood at only 5% in Japan, approximately 7% in Sweden and 9% in the US. However, while the figures for thé Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period, before rising to almost 5% again al the present time. In Spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which time itis thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries.The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and the amount of support they received from employers. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. Reasons for study according to age of student under 2626-29 30.39«40-49.—sover a9 Age Employer support, by age group (Time off and help with fees) Forearcer B For interestThis is an answer written by a cundidate who achieved a Band 8 secure. [ere is the examiner's comment This answer summarises the key features of both charts and integrates them well. Clear trends re identified and supported with appropriately-selected figures. Tha answer could only be improved by adding an introduction to the general topic of the charts. ‘The information is well organised, with a clearly-signalled progression. Linking words are used accurately and precisely, allhaugh there is occasional omission. Paragraphing is used well initially, but lapses in the later section. A very good range of vocabulary is used 10 canvey the information concisely and accurately with only occasional inappropriacy. Words are used precisely and there are no errors in spalling or word form, A wide range of structures is used and most sentences in this answer are accurate. Errors are rare and do not affect communication in this answer. The first graph shows that there is a gradual decrease in study for career reasons with age. Nearly 80% of students under 16 years, study for their career. This percentage gradually declines by 1020 every decade Only 40% of tO-t3yr olds and 18% of over +9yr olds are studying for career reasons in late adulthood Conversely, the first grapn also shows that study stemming from interest increases with age. There are only 10% of under Abyr olds studying cul of interest The percentage increases slowly fill The beginning of The fourth decade, and increases dramatically in late adullhood. Nearly same number of 40-42 yr olds study for career and interes! However 70 of over tyr alds study for interest in comparison to 18% studying for career reasons in that age group. The second graph shows that employer support is masimurn (approximately 60%) for the under léyr siudents. It drops rapidly to 32% up to the third decade of life, and then increases in late adulthood up to about #48. It is unclear whether employer support is only for career-focused study, but the highest level is for those studenls who mainly study for cOyeer ourpesesThe map belaw is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town, The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket, Summearise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant, Write at least 150 words. N Countryside Town Ceatre (no traffic zone} cl | Housing 12 km to Hinden population 10,000 a Industry —— Railway —* Main roads 25 km to Cransdon | population 29,000 lakm to Bransdon population 15,000MODEL ANSWER This model has been prepared by an examiner as an example of a very good answer, However, please note that this is just one example out of many possible approaches. The map shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon. The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlscion who could travel by car. As it is also close to the railway line linking the two towns ta Cranscon (25 km to the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train. In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents. Theoretically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central area is a no-traffie zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult. Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site ($1) would probably offer more advantages.WRITING TASK 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. Underground Railway Systems City Date opened Kilometres of route | Passengers per year (in millions) London 1863 394 775 1900 1191 1927 144 45 Los Angeles 2001 28This is un answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 7 score, Here is the examiner's comment: This answer selects and describes the information well. Key features are clearly identified, while unexpected differences are highlighted and illustrated. Tha answer is relevant and accurate with a clear overview. Intormation is well-organised using a good range of signals and link words. These are generally accurate and appropriate, allhough occasional errors occur. The writer successfully uses some lass common words. There is a clear awareness of style but there are occasional inaccuracies and there is some repetition. Grammar is well-controlled and sentences are varied and generally accurate with only minor errars. The table shows the details regarding the underground railway systems in six erties. London has the oldest underground railway systems among the six cities. It was opened in the yeor !863, and it is already HO years old. Paris is the second aldest, in which it was opened in the year |TO0. This was then followed by the opening of the railway systems in Tokyo, Washington DC and Kyate. Les Angeles has the nawest underground railway system, and was enky opened in the yaar 2001. In terms of the size of the railway systems, London, for certain, has the largast underground railway systems. lt has 344 kilometres of route in total, which is nearly twice as large as the system in Paris. Kyoto, in contirast, has the smallest system, lt only has I! kilometres of route, which is more than 30 times less than that of Londen. Interestingly, Tokyo, which only has {55 kilometres of rovte, serwes the greatest number of passengers per year, at !127 millions passengers. The system in Paris hag the second greatest number of passengers, at {Il millions passengers per year. The smalest underground railway system, Kyoto, serves the smatiest umber of passengers per year as predicted. \n conclusion, the undergraund railway systems in different cities vary a lot in the size of the system, the number of passengers served per year and in the age af the system.