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    10 views16 pages

    Power Screws PDF

    Uploaded by

    mos3ad2006

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 16
    Power Screws Chapter 15, Chapter 15: Power Screws Powerscrews (or translation screws) areusedto convert rotry!ntion nto linear motion that ‘is, to convert rotational torque and power into linear free and power, The evers sso possible with ascrew, thats, to convert inearmotiontorotrymotion bu thisis seldom done. ‘Theessential ference between power screws and fastening serewsi that power serews are usedoftenso efficiency isan important consideration whereas fastening screws erusedseldoma 0 efficiency isa seconcary consideration. With power serews, fiction s the enemy and the _reater the frition, the lwerthe efficiency. With astening sews, high degree offitions necessary so that theserew wil not undo. Inthe limitingycas ofero fiction, the power sere” ‘would have 100% efficiency whereas the fastening serew would not fasten at al, ‘Because ofthe sing fiction presentina screw, the efficienysrelaively low unessthefition ‘an be minimised One way of ing thsi the use of recirculating balls bu this is anexpensive and complicated option used onlyinspecialcases (suchas vehicle teeing systems), Because ofthe lowelicieney, power screws ate used in engineering when ther are other sdvantages associsied with this mechanism that ovesde the disadvantage of low efficiency. Power transmission with a screw ‘There are three ways power can be converted from rotary o near form using a sre ‘+The screw rotates but is held in location by a trust collar or bearing. The nut prevented fromtursingbutisabetoslde. As the serew rotates, the nt advances aially transmiting power to the load, ‘+The nut rotates but is eld in location by a thrust collar or bearing. The sore is prevented romturringbutisabletoslde. Athena rotates, the erew advances eially transmitting power to the load, ‘+ The screw rotates and moves axially transmitting powerto the oad through a thrust colar orbesrng, The nuts fxedinoction ad prevented rom tuming, This the east common method with power screws (but widely used with fastening devices), Notes + Themating memberto a serew s generally know athe ‘nt eventhough withpower screws it usualy doesnot havea hexagonal or square shape. ‘+ Thetheory givenhere applies to any screw including thse uted or clamping, jacking or fastening provided thatthe thread geometry andthe fctoncoefficien are adjusted itnecessary. For example, fastening screws usually have the ISO metric thread (60" included angle) andare no bricated, so friction ishigherthanforahbrcated thread with a smaller face angle. wu a2 Fema Power Screws Chapter 15, ‘Terminology Puch p The anal distance between sucessive threads Lead L ‘Thedistance advanced by the serew (or at) for | rotation. The eadequal the ptch forasingl- startthead (most common), Foramulti-start tread he lead equals the pitch multiplied bythe umber of stars Nominal diameter D ‘The nominal diameters the ouside diameter ofthe thread. That is a 25 mmthread has an outside diameter of 25 mm Root diameter d The root diameter isthe inside diameter of the thread, also known asthe minor diameter. Pitch diameter & ‘Thepitchdiameteristhe ameter of theoretical head whichha erothreaddepthbuthas the same leadasthe seul sere. I there were no clearance, then the pitch diameter would be the mean diameter, thats d= Ded. Formata 1 3 Because threis some cleerance betweentps androotsofthethreadand nut, hepiteh diameter isalitlelargerthanthe mean diameter, However, thecearanceisimall so fordesign purposes, ltd error results in using the mean diameters the pitch diameter. Helix angle 0 ‘Thebelixangleisthe angle made by the thread withaline deawmperpendiculartothecenreline Itsalsothe slope ofthe inclined planeif he helix were unirspped andlaid ot on aft surface, kis given by tan =_L Formula 2 at Friction angle 9 ‘Thefictionangeis the angle made bythe marimnmfttion force andthe normal reaction tthe surface. isals the ang to thehocizontal madeby ennelined plane ofthe same material when block on the plane jus slides down the plane (without acceleration. tis given by: tang. Fomatla 3 Where = the coefficint of fcton. 338 _ Chapter 15 Coefficient of friction ‘Thecoeffcentoffrition between metal ubeicated siding faces athe thread endmutorthnust collar depends primarily upon tee factors, namely + the type and frequency of lbriation, ‘+ the quality of workmanship, that is, the accuracy and surface fish, ‘+ thenumberofrevoluions or eyeles, because the mating surfaces wearin’ after some ‘The lowest coefficient of fiction occurs with good lubrication with oilof table viscosity, sccurately machined threads with good surface nish and operating forsomepeiodoftime 0 the mating surfaces have been unin’. Under these conditions with metals, the coficient could be as low a8 0. Ontheother hand, ifthe threads ae of poor quality ornew with spasmodic greste lubrication, the coefficient could be as high a 0.15, ‘A good average value isthe mean ofthe two values, namely. j= 0.125, Notes ‘+The values quoted above forthe frition coefficient are for runing or operating conditions. Start-up or intial fictions higher an for start-up, te values shouldbe increased by one-third, that is by multiplying by 4/3, + Because the threadisassumed tobe ibricted, the type of mealin the crew or nut {doesnot fet the fiction coeficent greatly am Power Screws Chapter 15 ‘Thread forms and dimensions ‘Various power screw thread forms are ilustrated in Figure 1 5 (S* if : Square ‘Modified square —Trapeanidal meric Buttress Figure 1 Power serew thread forms Aste name suggests te square treadisin the form ofaquare with faces perpendiculartothe sxisofthe thread Itcanbecut ona athebut not withacle, milingcutterorthreadroling. For this reason the square thread isnot widely used andi usualy replaced by the moxlfied square thread thathasthe faces inclined et an angleof*, The mode square tread can be prodivced bbyany method. The trapezoidal metrichas.aface angle of 15" (included angle of30")andisthe ‘meticequivalentoftie ACME thread that hasan inched angle of 29°. Te battess thread as ‘several variations with vious face angles nd thread depths. Itisused for uni-directional loads only ForthethresdsiustatedinFigure 1 other than the buttress thread) ts uficenly accurate for

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