J. Math. Anal. Appl.

340 (2008) 14801492

www.elsevier.com/locate/jmaa

A PhragmnLindelf alternative result for the NavierStokes

equations for steady compressible viscous flow
Changhao Lin , Haobin Li
School of Mathematical Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
Received 12 August 2007
Available online 29 September 2007
Submitted by B. Straughan

Abstract
In this paper, the authors consider the NavierStokes equations for steady compressible viscous flow in three-dimensional cylin-
drical domain. A differential inequality for appropriate energy associated with the solutions of the NavierStokes isentropic flow
in semi-infinite pipe is derived, from which the authors show a PhragmnLindelf alternative result, i.e. the solutions for steady
compressible viscous NS flow problem either grow or decay exponentially as the distance from the entry section tends to infinity.
In the decay case, the authors indicate how to bound explicitly the total energy in terms of data.
2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords: NavierStokes equations; Steady compressible viscous flow; PhragmnLindelf alternative; Decay estimates

1. Introduction

In 1856, de Saint-Venant [24] formulated and conjectured a famous mathematical and mechanical principle which
came to be known in subsequent literature as Saint-Venants principle and led to an extensive investigation in the
framework of applied mathematics. Early work on Saint-Venants principle primarily focused on the boundary-value
problems involving elliptic equations. It is Boley [5], who, in the 1950s, first pointed out the validity of Saint-Venants
principle for the heat equations. Since then an extensive attention has been paid to the parabolic equations (e.g. see [2,
14,18], and [10]). These studies are motivated by a desire to establish, for parabolic equations, spatial decay estimates
analogous to those obtained for elliptic equations in the investigation of Saint-Venants principle in elasticity theory.
The history and development of this question was explained and summarized in the work of Horgan and Knowles [10]
and had been periodically updated by Horgan [8,9]. We also recall the monographs of Ames and Straughan [3], Flavin
and Rionero [6] and Antonsev, Daz and Shamarev [4], where the energy method is widely used to study the spatial
behavior of solutions of partial differential equations.

The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant #10471050), Guangdong Province Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grants #031495, #7005795) and University Special Research Fund for Ph.D. Program (Grant #20060574002).
* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: linchh@scnu.edu.cn (C. Lin).

0022-247X/$ see front matter 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.09.037
 C. Lin, H. Li / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340 (2008) 14801492 1481

A number of papers in the literature have dealt with the flow of incompressible viscous fluid which is governed
by steady or transient NavierStokes equations in a semi-infinite channel or pipe (see, e.g., [1,2,13,14,17,18]). These
pipe and channel flow results may be regarded as Saint-Venant type decay results. In fact, the first paper to point
out this connection was that of Horgan and Wheeler [13]. For other results of Saint-Venant type, see [1,2,17,18]. Of
interest also are the paper [8,9] and [10] therein. However, it seems that, up to now, no analogous result concerning
compressible viscous NavierStokes flow equations has been seen in the literature.
To establish spatial decay estimate of Saint-Venant type, one always needs to assume that solution must satisfy
some a priori decay criterions at infinity. Clearly, such assumptions seem slightly unnatural and artificial.
The classical PhragmnLindelf theorem, without some a priori asymptotical decay assumptions for solution,
states that harmonic function which vanishes on the cylindrical surface must either grow or decay exponentially with
distance from the finite end of the cylinder. PhragmnLindelf alternative results were obtained by Horgan and Payne
[12] for harmonic function with nonlinear boundary conditions on the lateral surface of a semi-infinite cylinder. Payne
and Schaefer [23] established the PhragmnLindelf type results in three type special domains in R 2 . Additional
references for PhragmnLindelf type results may be found in [15,16] and [19].
In the present paper, we are concerned with the flow of a compressible viscous fluid which is governed by steady
NavierStokes flow equations in a semi-infinite pipe and establish a PhragmnLindelf type growth-decay estimate
for the problem. In Section 2, we formulate the basic boundary-value problem which provides the framework for our
investigation. Section 3, we derive a basic differential inequality that leads directly to our main results of this paper.
We then obtain growth-decay estimate for the energy expressions in Section 4. We finally show how the total energy
in the decay result is bounded explicitly in terms of prescribed data in Section 5.

2. Formulation of the problem

In this paper, we consider the steady state NavierStokes system for compressible viscous fluids in R 3 :
div(u) = 0, (2.1)
u ( + ) div u + u u = P () + f + g, (2.2)
where u = (u1 , u2 , u3 ) is the fluids velocity, is its density and P () is pressure. Functions f = (f1 , f2 , f3 ) and
g = (g1 , g2 , g3 ), which are prescribed, model outer force and force density. The constant viscosity coefficients and
are assumed to satisfy
2
> 0, +  0, (2.3)
3
for physical requests.
We are interested only in the isentropic case, where the pressure is given by
P () = a r (2.4)
with a positive constant a and r > 1. This is important from the physical point of view since air has the adiabatic
constant r = 75 .
For simplicity, we assume that there is potential function F of f , i.e. f = F and there is a potential function G
for g/, i.e. g/ = G. We also assume
f, g L (2.5)
and
F, G H 1 . (2.6)
In recent years, the solvability to the various initial-boundary value problem for the full NavierStokes equations
for both stationary and instationary compressible viscous fluids has been established. A standard result (cf. [7,20,21]
and therein) is that there exists a solution
u H 1, Lq L (2.7)
where q > 0 depends on r.
1482 C. Lin, H. Li / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340 (2008) 14801492

Let us formulate more precisely the problem. Our problem is defined on a semi-infinite cylinder R with arbitrary
cross section D. The boundary D of D is assumed to be smooth enough to admit application of the divergence
theorem. To make the geometry precise we assume that the generators of the cylinder are parallel to the x3 -axis and
the finite end of the cylinder is in the plane x3 = 0. Thus
  
R = (x1 , x2 , x3 )  (x1 , x2 ) D, x3 > 0 . (2.8)
We shall also use the notations
  
Rz = (x1 , x2 , x3 )  (x1 , x2 ) D, x3 > z  0 , (2.9)
  
Dz = (x1 , x2 , x3 )  (x1 , x2 ) D, x3 = z . (2.10)
We rewrite the compressible NavierStokes flow equations in the following form:

(ui ),i = 0, (2.11)

 
ui ( + )uj,j i + uj ui,j + a r ,i = fi + gi , in R (2.12)
subject to the boundary conditions:

ui = 0 on D, (2.13)
ui (x1 , x2 , 0) = hi (x1 , x2 ) in D, (2.14)
where hi (i = 1, 2, 3) are assumed to satisfy the compatibility hi |D = 0. We will not make any a priori assumptions
regarding the behavior of solution as x3 .
In this paper, we assume (u, ), with u C 2 (R) C 1 (R) and C 1 (R) L (R), is the classical solution of the
stationary compressible viscous flow problem (2.11)(2.14). According to the embedding theorem of Sobolev space,
our assumption is reasonable. We also assume > 0, satisfying

0 < < 1 , (2.15)

1 is a constant. In fact, the boundedness of density is natural from the physical viewpoint.
Throughout this paper, we have used a comma to indicate partial differentiation, i.e. u,i = x
u
i
, and have adopted
the summation of summing over repeated Latin indices from 1 to 3, over repeated Greek from 1 to 2.
We note that, for any z > 0, by (2.11) and (2.13)
  z  
u3 dA = h3 dA + div(u) dA d = h3 dA. (2.16)
Dz D0 0 D D0

(2.16) displays that the area mean value of u3 is the same over each cross section.
In what follows, we shall use the Poincar inequality for Dirichlet integrable function which vanishes on D,
namely
 
1 2 dA  , , dA, (2.17)
D D
where 1 is the first eigenvalue of Membrane problem:

, + = 0 in D,
=0 on D.
Lower bounds for 1 are well-known, see, e.g. [11].
In addition to inequality (2.17), we also apply the following Sobolev inequality which holds for C01 (D)
  
1
4 dA  2 dA , , dA. (2.18)
2
D D D
A derivation of (2.18) is given by Serrin [25] and Payne [22].
 C. Lin, H. Li / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340 (2008) 14801492 1483

3. Basic inequality

For arbitrary z > z0 > 0, for the solution (u, ), making use of the divergence theorem, we find
z 
 

0= ui,jj ( + )uj,j i + uj ui,j + a r ,i fi gi ui dA d

z0 D

  z   
= ui ui,3 dA + ui ui,3 dA + ui,j ui,j dA d ( + ) ui,i u3 dA + ( + ) ui,i u3 dA
Dz Dz0 z0 D Dz Dz0

z    z 
1 1  r
+ ( + ) (ui,i )2 dA d + u3 ui ui dA u3 ui ui dA + a ,i ui dA d
2 2
z0 D Dz Dz0 z0 D

z  z 
fi ui dA d gi ui dA d. (3.1)
z0 D z0 D

We note that
z  z 
 r
a ,i ui dA d = r r1 ,i ui dA d
z0 D z0 D

z 
ar  r1 
= ui dA d
r 1 ,i
z0 D
 
ar ar
= u3 dA
r
r u3 dA. (3.2)
r 1 r 1
Dz Dz0

Since by assumption there exists a potential function F of f , we obtain

z  z   
fi ui dA d = F,i ui dA d = Fu3 dA + Fu3 dA. (3.3)
z0 D z0 D Dz Dz0

In a similar manner, we obtain

z  z   
gi ui dA d = G,i ui dA d = Gu3 dA + Gu3 dA. (3.4)
z0 D z0 D Dz Dz0

A combination of (3.1)(3.4) leads to

     
1 ar
ui ui,3 dA ( + ) ui,i u3 dA + u3 ui ui dA + r u3 dA Fu3 dA Gu3 dA
2 r 1
Dz Dz Dz Dz Dz Dz
z  z 
= ui,j ui,j dA d ( + ) (ui,i )2 dA d + w(z0 ), (3.5)
z0 D z0 D

where
1484 C. Lin, H. Li / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340 (2008) 14801492

   
1 ar
w(z0 ) = ui ui,3 dA ( + ) ui,i u3 dA + u3 ui ui dA + r u3 dA
2 r 1
Dz0 Dz0 Dz0 Dz0
 
Fu3 dA Gu3 dA. (3.6)
Dz0 Dz0

We further define
z  z 
(z) = w(z) = ui,j ui,j dA d ( + ) (ui,i )2 dA d + w(z0 ). (3.7)
z0 D z0 D

Differentiating (3.7) with respect to z yields

 
d(z)
= ui,j ui,j dA ( + ) (ui,i )2 dA < 0. (3.8)
dz
Dz Dz

Next section, we will proceed to derive a basic inequality

 

(z)  c1  (z) 3/2 + c2  (z) + c3  (z) 1/2 (3.9)

for computable constants c1 , c2 and c3 . (3.9) will be utilized to lead to our PhragmnLindelf alternative results.

4. Asymptotic behavior of solution

This section is devoted to the derivation of asymptotic behavior of solution for the problem.
By virtue of the definition of (z), we have
   
 
(z)  |ui ui,3 | dA + ( + ) |ui,i u3 | dA + 1 |u3 ui ui | dA + ar r |u3 | dA
2 r 1
Dz Dz Dz D
 
+ |Fu3 | dA + |Gu3 | dA. (4.1)
Dz Dz

We next treat each term on the right of (4.1) with the aim of deriving appropriate upper bounds for those qualities.
Making use of the Schwarzs inequality and inequality (2.17), we obtain
   1/2 

|ui ui,3 | dA  ui,3 ui,3 dA ui ui dA  ui,j ui,j dA. (4.2)
2 1
Dz Dz Dz Dz

Similarly, we obtain
    
1 +
( + ) |ui,i u3 | dA  ui,j ui,j dA + ( + ) (ui,i ) dA
2
2 1
Dz Dz Dz
   
+
= ui,j ui,j dA + ( + ) (ui,i )2 dA ; (4.3)
2 1
Dz Dz

in (4.3), we set = + / .
Making use of the Sobolev inequality (2.18) and Poincars inequality (2.17), we find
   1/2
1 1
|u3 ui ui | dA  2 2
u3 dA (ui ui ) dA
2 2
Dz Dz Dz
 C. Lin, H. Li / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340 (2008) 14801492 1485

   1/2
1
 u23 dA ui ui dA ui, ui, dA
2 2
Dz Dz Dz
 3/2
1
 ui,j ui,j dA . (4.4)
2 21
Dz

In a manner similar to (4.2), we obtain

  1/2  1/2
ar ar1r ar1r |D|1/2
r |u3 | dA  u23 dA |D|1/2  ui,j ui,j dA (4.5)
r 1 r 1 (r 1) 1
D Dz Dz

where |D| denotes the area of D. Similarly, we have

  1/2   1/2  1/2
1
|Fu3 | dA  1 F 2 dA u23 dA 
F
L2 (D) ui,j ui,j dA , (4.6)
1
Dz Dz Dz Dz
  1/2
1
|Gu3 | dA 
G
L2 (D) ui,j ui,j dA . (4.7)
1
Dz Dz

Substituting (4.2)(4.7) into (4.1) leads to inequality

 

(z)  c1  (z) 3/2 + c2  (z) + c3  (z) 1/2 (4.8)

with
1
c1 = ;
2 21 3/2
 
1 +
c2 = +1 ;
21
 
ar1 |D|1/2
r
c3 = + 1
F
L2 (D) + 1
G
L2 (D) / 1 .
(r 1) 1
From (4.8), we get the following two inequalities:

3/2

1/2
(z)  c1  (z) + c2  (z) + c3  (z) , (4.9)

(z)  c1  (z) + c2  (z) + c3  (z)

3/2 1/2
. (4.10)
We recall that  (z) < 0 for all z > 0. Thus if for some value of z, for instance z = z0 , (z0 ) < 0, then (z) < 0
for all z > z0 . In this case, applying AG inequality to  (z) in (4.10), we find that
   
c2 

3/2 c2
1/2
(z)  c1 + (z) + c3 +  (z)
2 2


3/2 

1/2
=: M1 (z) + M2 (z)
    3/2


1/2 M2 1/2 3 M
 M1 (z) + 2 . (4.11)
3M1 3 3M1
Solving (4.11) for  (z), we obtain
      
(z) M2 3/2 1/3 M2 1/2 2
+   (z). (4.12)
M1 3M1 3M1
1486 C. Lin, H. Li / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340 (2008) 14801492

Setting
 
(z) M2 3/2
(z) =
3
+ . (4.13)
M1 3M1
Clearly, we have
 (z) = 3M1 2  (z). (4.14)
In terms of , we now rewrite (4.12) as
   
M2 1/2 2
3M1 2   . (4.15)
3M1
We note that
       
M2 1/2  (z) M2 3/2 1/3 M2 1/2
= + > 0. (4.16)
3M1 M1 3M1 3M1
From (4.15), we obtain
   
M2 1/2 1  M2 
3M1  + 2 3M1 M2 + M2 1/2 2
 1. (4.17)
3M1 [ ( 3M 1
) ]
An integration of (4.17) from z0 to z yields
     z
M2 1/2 M2 
3M1 + 2 3M1 M2 ln   z z0 . (4.18)
M2 1/2 
3M1 ( 3M 1
) z0

We observe that
 
d 1  (z)
= < 0. (4.19)
dz ( M2 )1/2 M2 1/2 2
[ ( 3M ) ]
3M1 1

Thus, for z > z0 , we have

z
1 
 > 0. (4.20)
M2 1/2 
( 3M1 ) z0

Applying (4.20) to (4.19) leads to

   1/2 23M1 M2     23M1 M2 
M 2 M 2
ln e3M1 (z) (z) e3M1 (z0 ) (z0 )
3M1 3M1
  
M2
 ln exp z z0 M2 1/2
. (4.21)
(z0 ) ( 3M 1
)
(4.21) deduces further to
   
M2 1/2 2 3M1 M2
e 3M1 (z)
(z)  Q(z0 )ezz0 , (4.22)
3M1
with constant Q(z0 ) being given by
     
M2 1/2 2 3M1 M2 M2
Q(z0 ) = (z0 ) exp 3M1 (z0 ) M2 1/2
. (4.23)
3M1 (z0 ) ( 3M 1
)
(4.22) implies
      
3M1 (z) M2 1/2 z z0
exp (z)  Q(z0 ) exp , (4.24)
2 3M1 M2 3M1 2 3M1 M2
 C. Lin, H. Li / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340 (2008) 14801492 1487

where
1
Q(z0 ) = Q(z0 ) 2 3M1 M2
. (4.25)
Now, we use the primary inequality
x < 1 + x < ex (x > 0). (4.26)
to (4.22) to obtain
      
M2 1/2 z z0 3M1 + 2 M2
exp Q(z0 ) exp  exp (z) . (4.27)
3M1 2 3M1 M2 2 M2
It is readily to verify for large enough z0
Q(z0 )  1.
Thus, from (4.27), we obtain
z z0
 ( 3M1 + 2 M2 ) (z). (4.28)
3M1
Recalling the definition of (z), (4.28), in fact, is equivalent to
   
(z) M2 3/2
(3M1 + 2 3M1 M2 )3 +  (z z0 )3 . (4.29)
M1 3M1
(4.29) further implies


lim z3 ui,j ui,j + ( + )(ui,i )2 dx  K0 , (4.30)

z+
Rz0 \Rz

where K0 is a computable constant depending on z0 .

We have shown that if there exists a z0 > 0, such that (z0 ) < 0, then (z) cannot remain bounded for z > z0 .
We next consider the case in which no such a z0 exists, i.e. (z)  0 for all z  0. We now discuss (4.9) instead
of (4.10).
Proceeding as in (4.11), we obtain
     

1/2 M2 1/2 3 M2 3/2
(z)  M1  (z) + M1 . (4.31)
3M1 3M1
Solving (4.31) for  (z), we get
      
(z) M2 3/2 1/3 M2 1/2 2
 (z)  + . (4.32)
M1 3M1 3M1
Setting
 
(z) M2 3/2
13 (z) = + , (4.33)
M1 3M1
substituting (4.33) into (4.32) leads to
   
2  M2 1/2 2
3M1 1 1 (z)  1 (z) . (4.34)
3M1
We note that
 
M2 1/2
1 (z) > 0. (4.35)
3M1
Upon integrating (4.34) from 0 to z yields
     z
M2 1/2 M2 
3M1 1 + 2 3M1 M2 ln 1   z. (4.36)
M 
3M1 1 ( 3M1 )
2 1/2
0
1488 C. Lin, H. Li / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340 (2008) 14801492

From (4.34), we see

 
d 1 1 (z)
M
= M2 1/2 2
< 0. (4.37)
dz 1 (z) ( 2 )1/2 [1 (z) ( 3M ) ]
3M1 1

Henceforth, we have
z
M2 
  0. (4.38)
M2 1/2 
1 ( 3M1 ) 0

For the left-hand side of (4.36), we neglect the first term evaluated at z and the third term evaluated at zero to obtain
   
M2 1/2 z M2
2 3M1 M2 ln 1 (z)   z + M2 1/2
+ 3M1 1 (0). (4.39)
3M1 0 1 ( 3M 1
)
M2 1/2
Next we show that M2 /[1 ( 3M 1
) ] has a priori upper bound.
M2 1/2
From (4.37), we see that M2 /[1 ( 3M 1
) ] is a monotonously increasing function. By virtue of the definition of
M2 1/2
1 (z), we observer that 1 (z) is a monotonously decreasing function and has lower bound ( 3M 1
) . Consequently,
there exists a constant, denoted as q, such that
lim 1 (z) = q. (4.40)
z

Thus, we obtain
M2 M2 M2
M2 1/2
 lim M2 1/2
= M2 1/2
. (4.41)
1 (z) ( 3M 1
) z 1 (z) ( 3M 1
) q ( 3M 1
)
Inserting (4.41) into (4.39) obtain
     
M2 1/2 z M2
1 (z)  exp exp M2 1/2
3M1 2 3M1 M2 2 3M1 (q ( 3M 1
) )
      
1 3M1 M2 1/2
exp 1 (0) 1 (0) . (4.42)
2 M2 3M1
(4.42) can be rewritten as
 
M2 1/2
1 (z)  Q2 e z (4.43)
3M1
with
     
1 3M1 M2 M2 1/2
Q2 = exp 1 (0) + M2 1/2
1 (0) ,
2 M2 2 3M1 (q ( 3M 1
) ) 3M1
1
= .
2 3M1 M2
Recalling the definition of 1 (z), by (4.43), we find
     
(z) M2 3/2 1/3 M2 1/2
+  Q2 e z . (4.44)
M1 3M1 3M1
A simplification of (4.44) yields

(z)  M1 Q32 e3 z + 3M1 M2 Q22 e2 z + M2 Q2 e z . (4.45)
Furthermore, according to the definition of (z), it follows that
 C. Lin, H. Li / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340 (2008) 14801492 1489

 
ui,j ui,j dx + ( + ) (ui,i )2 dx  M1 Q32 e3 z + 3M1 M2 Q22 e2 z + M2 Q2 e z , (4.46)
Rz Rz

We have thus proved

Theorem 4.1. Let (u, ) be the solution of problem (2.11)(2.14) with density satisfying (2.15). In addition, assume
that the outer face f and force density g satisfy (2.5) and (2.6), then the following PhragmnLindelf alternative
result holds, i.e. either


lim z3 ui,j ui,j + ( + )(ui,i )2 dx  K1 , (4.47)

z+
Rz0 \Rz

or
 
ui,j ui,j dx + ( + ) (ui,i )2 dx  M1 Q32 e3 z + 3M1 M2 Q22 e2 z + M2 Q2 e z , (4.48)
Rz Rz

where K1 , Q2 , M1 , M2 and are computable constants.

5. Total energy bound of (0)

In order to make our decay estimates in Section 4 explicit, we need to compute a bound for Q2 . We see that Q2
depends on (0) (via 1 (0)). So we need to seek a bound for (0) in terms of end data.
We first introduce an auxiliary function
i (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = hi (x1 ,2 )ex3 , i = 1, 2, 3, (5.1)
where constant > 0 will be determined later.
Clearly, integrating by parts, we find
    
1 ar
(0) = ui ui,3 dA ( + ) ui,i u3 dA + u3 ui ui dA + u3 dA Fu3 dA
r
2 r 1
D0 D0 D0 D0 D0

Gu3 dA
D0
    
1
= ui,j i,j dx + ( + ) ui,i j,j dx + ui,jj i dx + ( + ) uj,j i i dx + h3 hi hi dA
2
R R R R D0
  
ar
+ r h3 dA Fh3 dA Gh3 dA
r 1
D0 D0 D0
    
 r
= ui,j i,j dx + ( + ) ui,i j,j dx + uj ui,j i dx + a ,i i dx fi i dx
R R R R R
    
ar 1
gi i dx + r h3 dA + h3 hi hi dA Fh3 dA Gh3 dA. (5.2)
r 1 2
R D0 D0 D0 D0

After a computation, (5.2) deduces directly to that

  
(0)  ui,j i,j dx + ( + ) ui,i j,j dx + uj ui,j i dx + Data. (5.3)
R R R
In (5.3), we have used the upper bound 1 instead of . Data denotes the integrals in terms of prescribed functions.
Making use of the Schwarzs inequality, we have
1490 C. Lin, H. Li / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340 (2008) 14801492

 
ui,j i,j dx + ( + ) ui,i j,j dx
R R
   
+
 ui,j ui,j dx + 2 i,j i,j dx + (ui,i )2 dx + 2( + ) (j,j )2 dx
8 8
R R R R
1
= (0) + Data. (5.4)
8
By using inequalities (2.17) and (2.18), we obtain

uj ui,j i dx
R
 
= h3 hi hi dA uj ui i,j dx
D0 R
  1/2   1/2
 Data + 1 (ui ui ) dA 2
i,j i,j dA d
0 D D
  1/2   1/2
 Data + 1 2
(ui ui ) dA d i,j i,j dA d
0 D 0 D
 1/2   1/2   1/2
1
 Data + max ui ui dA ui, ui, dA d i,j i,j dA d . (5.5)
1 z
Dz 0 D 0 D

Assume that
 
ui ui dA = max ui ui dA, (5.6)
z
Dz1 Dz

then
 z1   
max ui ui dA = ui ui dA d + ui ui dA
z ,
Dz 0 D D0
z1  
=2 ui ui, d + ui ui dA
0 D D0
 z1  1/2  z1  1/2
2 ui ui dA d ui, ui, dA d + Data
0 D 0 D

1
 ui,j ui,j dx + Data. (5.7)
1
R
Inserting (5.7) into (5.5), and using the inequality

a + b  a + b,
we obtain
  1/2   
21
uj ui,j i dx   i,j i,j dx ui,j ui,j dx + Data = B(0) + Data, (5.8)
4 3
R 1 R R
 C. Lin, H. Li / J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340 (2008) 14801492 1491

where
  1/2
21
B=  i,j i,j dx
4 31 0 D
   1/2
21 2
=  e d hi, hi, dA
4 31 0 D
 1/2
21 1
=  hi, hi, dA . (5.9)
4 31 2
D

Obviously, we can choose large enough so that B is small enough, and satisfies
1
0<B < . (5.10)
2
Thus, a combination of (5.3), (5.4) and (5.8) leads to
 
1
1 B (0)  Data. (5.11)
8
We have finally established an explicit upper bound in terms of prescribed data for the total energy (0).

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