Ammarimaths )(

2013
) (
(1 ( ( ( x, y ) ) ; x y = x + y 2 = y + x 2 = y x :
2

( ( x, y ) ) ; x y = y x
2

.

) ( ( x, y, z ) ) ; ( x y ) z = ( x y ) + z 2 = x + y 2 + z 2 = x + ( y + z 2) 2 = x + ( y z ) 2 = x ( y z
3

) ( ( x, y, z ) ) ; ( x y ) z = x ( y z
3

:
.

( x ) ; x e = x x + e 2 = x e = 2 ( e
2

( x y
x y = 2 x + y 2 = 2 y = 4 x
x 4 x

. 2 x 4 x

) ( , .

( ( x, y ) ) ; f ( x ) f ( y ) = ( x + 2)( y + 2) 2 ( x + 2) 2 ( y + 2) + 6
2
( (2

= xy + 2 x + 2 y + 4 2 x 4 2 y 4 + 6
= xy + 2
) = f ( xy
) ( ( x, y ) ) ; f ( x y ) = f ( x ) f ( y
2

) ( , ) ( , f
x f x 2 f :

) ( , ) ( , f

( ( x, y, z ) ) ; ( x y ) z = ( x + y 2 ) z
3
(
= ( x + y 2) z 2 ( x + y 2) 2z + 6
= ( xz 2 x 2 z + 6 ) + ( yz 2 y 2 z + 6 ) 2
= ( xz ) + ( yz ) 2
) = ( xz ) ( yz

) ( ( x, y, z ) ) ; ( x y ) z = ( xz ) ( yz
3

( )
( x, y ) 2 ; xy = yx . (3
( 2 (
y.mghazli
Ammarimaths
f ) ( , ) ( ,
) ( , ) ( , ,

e
( x ) , xe = x xe 2 x 2e + 6 = x
) x ; x ( e 3) = 2 ( e 3
e=3
x ; x3 = 3x = x 3

) ( , ,

xy = 2 xy 2 x 2 y + 6 = 2 ( (4
xy 2 x 2 y + 4 = 0
x ( y 2) 2 ( y 2) = 0
( x 2 )( y 2 ) = 0
y = 2 x = 2

y = 2 xy = 2 x = 2

)( , , y = 2 xy = 2 x = 2 2 (

) ( , ,

( ) ( , ,
( x / {2}) ; xy = 3 xy 2 x 2 y + 6 = 3
y ( x 2) = 2x 3
2x 3
= y
x2
7
x = 5 y =
3
5

) ( , ,

I
( ( ) )
(1 ( E ) : 2 z 3 + i 3 az + 1 + i 3 a = 0 :
2 2

( ) ( ) ( ( ) 3 ) ) a = ( 2 2i 3 ) a = ( 1 + i 3
2 2
= 3 + i 3 a 2 8 1 + i 3 a 2 = 9 + 6i 3 3 8 1 + i 2 2
a 2
y.mghazli
Ammarimaths

( )
2
= 1 + i 3 a 2

: ( E ) a ( 2

z2 =
(3 + i 3 ) a ( 1 + i 3 ) a = a z = (3 + i 3 ) a + ( 1 + i 3 ) a = a + ai 3
1
4 4 2
: ( E )

a + ai 3
S = a,
2

II
a OA
b =1 =1
OB

a
( 1
i
=e 3

b
b 3 ( 3 )
arg a [ 2 ] OA, OB [ 2 ]

OAB

3
M r 1
3
M r ( (2


( ) b1 z = e ( b z )
i
1B = r B 3

A1 = r ( A )
1
i
a1 z = e ( a z )
3

1 i 3
a1 = z + (a z)
2 2

1 i 3
b1 = z + 2 + 2 ( b z )

1 i 3 1 i 3
a1 = a + z 1 +
2 2 2 2
2
1 i 3 1 i 3
b1 = z 1 2 2 + 2 + 2 a

y.mghazli
Ammarimaths

1 i 3 1 i 3
a1 = a + z +
2 2 2 2

1 i 3 1 i 3
b = z + + a
2 2 2
1
2

1 i 3 1 i 3
a1 = a + + z
2 2 2 2
1 i 3 1 i 3
b1 = + a + z
2 2 2 2

OA1 + OB1 = OM a1 + b1 = z (

OA1MB1

1 i 3 1 i 3
a1 z = a + + z

( z a)
i
2 2 2 2 z a = e 3
( ( 3
1
2
1 i 3 1 i 3 i i

b1 z = 2 + 2 a + 2 2 z b1 z = ae e z
3 3

2
b
( z a)
i
= z a
3
1
a z e
z b1
i
a
z a = e
3

i
b1 z = e 3 z ae 3
i
za
1

z b1 a ( z b)
=
z a1 b za

z b1 a z b
=
z a1 b za

. B A O M OAB (
b z b0
B A O M
a z a0
y.mghazli

Ammarimaths
bz a

az b
z b1

z a1
M A1 B1

M O A B M A1 B1

) (

(1 ( n>1 ] ( R ) : 3n 2n 0 [ n p n
n | 3n 2n
p | 3 2 ] 3 2 0 [ p
n n n n

p | n
p 5
3 | 2 n 2 | 2n
p = 3 n =
n n

3 | 2 3 | 2

p 2 2 | 3 2 | 3


3 | 3 2 n

2 | 3n
2 n

2 3 3 2 ) ( p 2 p 3 p 5

] 3n 2n 0 [ p p 5

( p 5 p 2 p 3

] 2 p 1 1[ p ] 3 p 1 1[ p

( p n p 1 n 1
( p 1) n = 1
) ( , n + ( p 1) = 1
2

= a b =

( a, b ) 2 ; an b ( p 1) = 1

an b ( p 1) = 1
) 1 + b ( p 1) = nq ( p 1) + nr nr = 1 + ( b nq )( p 1 (
a = q ( p 1) + r
k = b nq ) nr = 1 + k ( p 1 k
y.mghazli
Ammarimaths

k
r 1
( ( p 1) a = 1 p 1 4 p 1 a r 1
n>1 nr >1 ) nr 1 = k ( p 1 k :

k )nr = 1 + k ( p 1

( 2 n>1 ) ( R
( ] 2 p 1 1[ p ] 3 p 1 1[ p k ] 2 ( ) 1[ p ] 3 ( ) 1[ p
k p 1 k p 1

) nr 1 = k ( p 1 ] 2nr 1 1[ p ] 3nr 1 1[ p ] 3nr 3[ p ] 2nr 2 [ p

] (1) 3nr 2nr 1[ p
(1 ( ] 3n 2n 0 [ p
] 3n 2n [ p ] 3nr 2nr [ p ] ( 2) 3nr 2nr 0 [ p
) (1 ) ( 2 ] 1 0 [ p p 1

:

)( R n 1

x 1
(1 ( )= 1 = h (1
ln x 1 1
( lim ) lim+ h ( x ) = lim+ = 1 = lim+
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x ln x x 1 x ln x

x 1

h 1

1 x1
; )( t x >1 (
x
<1 dt < 1dt ln x <x 1
t 1 t 1

( x >1) ;ln x<x 1

)x ln x ( x 1)( ln x + 1 )ln x ( x 1
= ) ( x >1) ; h' ( x =
) ( x ln x ) ( x ln x
2 2

( x >1) ;ln x<x 1 ( x>1) ; h' ( x ) <0

[]1, + h
y.mghazli
Ammarimaths
1
1
x 1
1
lim = 0 lim ln x = + )lim h ( x ) = lim
x + x x + x + x + x ln x
= lim
x + ln x
(
x = 0 ( 2

lim h ( x ) = 0
x +

h
x 1 +
h ( x)
'

h ( x)
1

h ([1, +[ ) = lim h ( x ) ; h (1) = ]0,1] [ 1, +[ h (

x +
x 1; h ( x ) ]0,1]

x 1;0<h ( x ) 1

= ln 2 ( ( 1
x2 1 2 ln x
( x >1) ; x
x2
dt = ln ln t x = ln ln x 2 ln ln x = ln
t ln t ln x

x2 1
x >1; dt = ln 2
x t ln t

(
x2 1 x2 1 x2 1 x2 1 1 x2 t 1
( x >1) ; g ( x ) g ( 2 ) = x dt ln 2 = dt dt = dt = dt
t ln t x
t ln t x t ln t x
t ln t t ln t x t ln t

2
t 1
( x >1) ; g ( x ) g ( 2 ) = x
x
dt
t ln t

t = x = t = x

t = x = t = x t = (
2

d 1
= dt = 2 td
dt 2 t
y.mghazli
Ammarimaths

x2 t 1 1 x 1 x t 1
( x >1) ; g ( x ) g ( 2 ) = x
x
dt = 2 d = d = dt
t ln t x ln
2 2 x ln x t ln t

t 1
( x >1) ; g ( x ) g ( 2 ) = x
x
dt
t ln t

x >1; x t x ( (2
x , x h x >1, x , x ]1, +[ ] 1, +[ h

(x> x ) x
( )
x >1; x t x h ( x ) h ( t ) h x h ( x ) dt h ( t ) dt h x dt ( )
x x

x x x

( )
x x h ( x ) g ( x ) ln 2 x x h ( ) ( x)

( x >1) ; ( x ) (
x h ( x ) g ( x ) ln 2 x x h ) ( x)

( x x ) h ( x ) g ( x ) ln 2 ( x x ) h ( x )
( x >1) ;
x 1 x 1 x 1
( ( 2 (

( x>1) ;
xh ( x )

g ( x ) ln 2

xh ( x ) x 1
x +1 x 1 x +1

lim+
g ( x ) ln 2 1
= lim+
xh ( x )
= lim+
xh x 1
=
( )
x 1 x 1 2 x 1 x + 1 x 1 x +1 2

1
g d' (1) = 1 g
2

( x>1) ; ( x )
x h ( x ) g ( x ) ln 2 (
x 1
( x>1) ; ( x x) + ln 2 g ( x )
x ln x

x +
(
lim x x ) xxln 1x + ln 2 = lim lnxx (
x +
x 1 ) x x 1 + ln 2 = lim 2 ln x x (
x +
) 1
x 1 1 + ln 2 = +
x

lim g ( x ) = +
x +
y.mghazli
Ammarimaths

( x>1) ;
( x x ) h ( x ) + ln 2 g ( x ) ( x x ) h ( x ) + ln 2
x x x

( )
x x h ( x ) + ln 2 x x
x 1
x
(
ln x
+ ln 2) 1 1 1 ln 2
lim = lim = lim 1 + = 0
x + x x + x x +
ln x x ln x x x

( x x ) h ( x ) + ln 2 (x x) x 1
+ ln 2 x 1 (
2
)

1
1

= lim
x ln x ln 2 x ln 2
lim = lim = lim + + =0
x + x x + x x + x ln x x x + ln x x

g ( x)
lim =0
x + x

] 1, +[ t ( ( 3
1
t ln t
x >1; g ( x ) = ( x 2 ) ( x )
] 1, +[ g ] 1, +[
x 1 x 1
( x>1) ; g ' ( x ) = 2 x ' ( x 2 ) ' ( x ) = 2 x
1
x ln x 2

1
x ln x
= =
1
= h
x ln x 2 x ln x 2
( x )

x >1; g ' ( x ) =
1
2
h ( x)
( h( x )>0 ) 1 h (1)
( ) ( x)
h 1 1
( x 1) ;1 x x h ( x ) h x h (1) h ( x) h 0<g ' ( x ) : (
2 2 2 2

1
x 1;0<g ' ( x )
2

x 1 +

g' ( x) +

g ( x) +

ln 2

g (
y.mghazli
Ammarimaths

(1 [ [1, + ( x [1, +[ ) ; k ( x ) = g ( x ) 1
' ,
I
1 1
x [1, +[ ; 1<g , ( x ) 1 x [1, +[ ; 1<k ' ( x )
2 2
x [1, +[ ; k ( x ) <0 k [[1, +
'

[ [1, + ) [ k ([1, + k ([1, +[ ) = lim k ( x ) , k (1)

x +

)g ( x g ( x)
( lim k (1) = ln 2 ) lim k ( x ) = lim g ( x ) x + 1 = lim x = 0 1 =
x + x + x + x +
x x
]k ([1, +[ ) = ], ln 2

k [ [1, + ]], ln 2

[]1, + ( 2 [ 0 ], ln 2 0 k
k ( ) = 0 g ( ) + 1 = 0

! ]1, +[ /1 + g ( ) =

( (1 II
1 u0 <
n
. 1 un <
)( g
) 1 un < g (1) g ( un ) <g (
ln 2 un +1 -1< -1
ln 2 + 1 un +1 <
1 un +1 <

n ;1 un <

( ) ( n ) ; un+1 un = 1 + g ( un ) un = k ( un
)( k
) ( n ) ; un < k ( un ) >k (
k ( ) = g ( ) + 1 = 0
n ; un +1 un >0
y.mghazli
Ammarimaths

) ( un

) ( un l (
n ;1 un < l 1 g [ [1, + g l
( n ) ; un+1 = 1 + g ( un ) l = 1 + g ( l ) k ( l ) = 0 l =

lim un =

( 2 ( [n ; [un , ] [1, +
g ] [un , [ ]un ,
) g ( u n ) g (
; [ c ]un , )= g' (c
un
1 1
) 1 un <c < c >1 0<g ' ( c
n g ' ( c ) :
2 2
1 ) g ( u n ) g ( 1
; n g ( un ) g ( ) un ) = g ' ( c
2 un 2
( n ) ; g ( un ) g ( ) = un+1 + 1 + 1 = un+1

1
;n un +1 un
2

(
n = 0 u0 u0
n +1 n
1 1
un +1 n un u0 u0
2 2
n n +1
1 1 1 1
; ) ( n un +1 un u0 un +1 u0
2 2 2 2

n
1
n 0; un u0
2

n
1
( lim u0 = 0 lim un = 0
2

lim un =

y _ mghazli @ hotmail.com :