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D A R A N P O R N T U N T I W A R A S A K U L M I N D
ADVANCE CHEMISTRY MUIDS03

PENICILLIN G
byDaranporn Tuntiwarasakul

Basic Information (2)

Penicillin G was discovered in 1928 and it is the most famous antibiotic in the
world. It usually appears in a liquid state. It can be used by injected directly into the
body. After usage, the level of left over toxic inside the body is low and it is cheap so it
is famous throughout the world.

Application and Purpose (1,2,3)

Penicillin G can be used as an antibiotic agent, as food additive for a treatment of
bacterial infection in livestock, and the treatment for HLB or citrus greening disease
which caused by bacteria called Candidatus Liberibacter. It is known as the most
currently use for antimicrobial agent. Penicillin G can easily denature in extreme
environment. For example, in acids or bases environment, when exposure to UV light, or
during enzyme activity.

How to Use Penicillin G (5)

Penicillin G for injection usually comes in form of powder and then patient need to
mix it with distilled water in the suitable among. After mixing the powder with distilled
water, the medicine should be used within 24 hours. Penicillin G should be use by
injecting it directly into patient's blood stream because it can denature when exposing
to acid in the stomach.

TUNTIWRRASAKUL D.
ADVANCE CHEMISTRY MUIDS 03

PENICILLIN G
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(1,2,3,4)

Penicillin G has the chemical formula of C16H18N2O4.

It also has a high molecular weight which is 334.39 grams.
Its appearance is white colorless powder. Penicillin G
common structure is 6-aminopenicilanic acid (6-APA).
This structure contains -lactam ring which is very
unstable and easy to degrade. It is not easy to synthesis
penicillin G. Acidity is around pH 6 in a saturated solution.
Melting point of Penicillin G is 214 217 Celsius.
The solubility of penicillin G can vary depends on
temperature and pressure. The solubility of Penicillin G in
supercritical carbon dioxide will be increased if both
pressure and temperature increase but pressure need to
exceed 150 bar or 112,509 mmHg. If the pressure is below
150 bar, solubility will increase when pressure increase
and temperature decrease. A molecule of Penicillin G has
high polarity and low volatile rate. Even though Penicillin
G has high polarity it can slightly dissolve in water about
210 mg per liter.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
(3,4)

Synthesis of Penicillin G cannot happen by a normal

reaction such as fermentation. In order to synthesis, this
substance, lateral chain of benzylpenicillin need to be
removed by the reaction called semisynthesis of series of
Penicillin. There is one covalent bond in this molecule.

TUNTIWARASAKUL D. 2
ADVANCE CHEMISTRY MUIDS 03

PENICILLIN G
by Daranporn Tuntiwarasakul

Reference

TUNTIWARASAKUL 3