Professional Documents
Culture Documents
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. ) (
.
.
)( .
.
.
.
:
( :
.
. .
.
.
N.m
8.8 10.9 12.9
As
2
mm , , , , , , , , ,
M8 ,
M10 ,
M12 ,
M16
M20
M24
M81 ,
M101.25 ,
M121.5 ,
M161.5
M201.5
M242
( : .
.
.
.
ISO .
.
) (
3.6 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.8 8.8 9.8 10.9 12.9
)(al-kashi
. N/mm
N/mm
.
: M101.25 10.9
. )( .
:
. N.m.
:
.
= ) (N/mm
= ) (N/mm
: 10.9
= *= N/mm
= **=N/mm
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
. .
.
.
) ( :
= F
A
:
.
:
F
= :
As
:
:
: F
: As .
AS
.
d n
:
F F
= =
n.As d2
n
4
.
F . ) ( n
.
) ( .
n = .
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
A t = bt nDt = (b nD)t
:
:At )(mm
:b )(mm
:t )(mm
:n
:D )(mm
bt .
Dt b-nD
n .
:
F F
= t = t
At (b nD)t
:
) ( .
.
.
D
.
.
D =/ * d :
.
:
F
.
.
.
.
.
. ][ ) (t ]
[ ) .(d td .
AC = n * t * d
F F
= C = C
AC ntd
:
.
: F )(N
: c ) N (Mpa
mm
: t )(mm
: d )(mm
: n
P .
.
: .
St37 Mpa . MPa
.
c = 1 .33 y
.
.
.
.
.
.
4F
=t
d2
2F
=
d2
F
= t
(b nD)t
F
= c
n.t.d
:
M20 8.8 .
mm mm St37 .
:
. .
( : 8.8 .
. .
= /(MPa) = MPa =/ *
202
= AS = d2 /4 = 314 mm2
4
F
=
n.A
:
F=.n.A=(MPa)()(mm)=N=/ kN W
( : St37 =MPa
. M20 . .
D =/* d = /* = mm
.
F
= t F = t (b nD)t
(b nD)t
F kN
. /kN /kN
. /kN.
:
mm .
St37 .
.
:
.
( : St37.
:
= /(MPa) = MPa =/ *
F
=
d2
(n )
4
:
d2 3 / 14 (25mm)2
(F = .n ) = (94MPa)(2 4) = 369000N W
4 4
( : :
D=/d=/(mm)= /mm
/mm .
D=mm .:
.
mm) .(
:
F=(b-nD)tt=(mm-*mm)(mm)(MPa)=kN W
( : MPa St73 .
:
F=ntdC=(mm)(mm)(MPa)=/kN W
kN.
M10
/ .( .( P
.
5.6 .
M121.25 kN
.
. St37 .
kN .
M22
M20 mm .
.
St37
.
kN .
A B . mm .
=MPa : = MPa . :
( .
( h .
( b .