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The term classical denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient
Greece and Roman literature and art which were formal, elegant, simple, and dignified.
Texture is generally homophonic.
The use of crescendo a (<) and decrescendo (>) augmented the forte and piano dynamics.
Alberti Bass- a style of broken chord accompaniment
INSTRUMENTAL FORMS
Sonata VOCAL FORMS
Concerto Opera Seria
Symphony Opera Buffa
2. CONCERTO
Concerto is a multi-movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra.
3 movements:
1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form with expositions of the orchestra and then by the
soloist.
2nd Movement: Slow: Has more ornamentation than the First movement.
3rd Movement: Fast: Finale: usually in a form of rondo, resembling the last movement of the
symphony and usually a short cadenza is used.
3. SYMPHONY
A multi-movement work for orchestra, the symphony is derived from the word Sinfonia which
literally means a harmonious sounding together.
CLASSICAL OPERA
Opera is a drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting.
GLOSSARY
Alberti Bass - a special type of broken chord accompaniment where the chord is played in this
order: lowest note -highest note - middle note - highest note then repeats the pattern to create a
smooth, sustained, flowing sound
Allegro - quickly, in a brisk lively manner
Andante - in a moderately slow tempo
Cadenza - an improvised passage or ornamentation performed by a soloist or group of soloists
that allows a display of virtuosity often placed near the end of a piece.
Cantata - a choral composition with instrumental accompaniment, typically in several
movements.
Classical era - the period from 1750-1820 called the Age of Reason.
Concerto - a major instrumental work for solo instrument with orchestral accompaniment
Crescendo - gradually becoming louder
Diminuendo - gradually becoming softer
Development - middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being developed
Exposition - the first part of a composition that introduces the themes that will be developed
through the piece
Homophonic - a melody accompanied by chords
Largo - a very slow tempo.
Minuet - a slow, stately ballroom dance for two in triple time.
Opera - a drama set to music
Opera buffa - opera in Italy that is full of fun and frivolity
Opera comique - comic opera in France,
Opera Seria - an opera based on a serious plot that usually revolves around mythological
beings such as gods and goddesses
Recapitulation - a part of a musical piece, found usually near the end, that repeats the earlier
themes
Rondo - a musical form that alternates the main theme and its contrasting themes usually found
in the final movement of a sonata or concerto
Scherzo - a vigorous, light, or playful composition comprising a movement in a symphony or
sonata.
Singspiel - 18th century German musical comedy featuring songs and ensembles interspersed
with dialogue.
Sonata - any instrumental composition that has several movements with variation in key, mood,
or tempo
Symphony - a musical composition for the whole orchestra generally in four movements; also a
sonata for orchestra.
Theme and Variation - a musical form where the theme is presented in a simple unadorned
manner then repeats the theme several times with ornamentations