Introduction

Chemistry of Metals Corrosion 11 :

) (Srivastava & Srivastava,1981

;(Arab & Emran, 2008; Arab & Al- Turkustani, 2006;Al- Sehaibani, 2000

;Ateya & Elnizamy, 1980; Cartledge, 1955; Hudson &Warning,1970

Ismail et al., 1994; Meakins, 1963).

( )rust

). (Uhlig,1971

): (Uhlig,1971

- 1 :

: - 2

- 3 :

Fe Fe 2e )(1

( )

2H 2e H 2 )(2

Short Note about Iron 21 :

34.6%

) (Fe2O3 ) (Fe3O4

).( Hopson,1990

) (Arab et al., 2005

) (Sanghvi et al.,1997

( Abd El

) Rehim et al. , 1985

(Tang Inhibitors ( )

).et al., 2006

) (Agrawal & Namboodhiri, 1988

& (Agrawal

Namboodhiri, )1990

(Abd El-Rahman, 1990; *Abd El-Rehim et al.,2001;Arab & Abd-El-

)Nabey,1991; Donnelly et al.,1974; Gomma, 1998; Larabi & Harek, 2004

Pourbaix Diagrams for Iron 31 :

( )1

thermodynamics

).(Fontana,1987

4
 2.0
FeO42-

1.5

1.0 Fe3+
O2/H2O
)(b
)E (V Fe2O3
0.5
Fe3O4
H+/H2
0.0 )(a
2+
Fe PASSIVITY Fe(OH)3

-0.5 CORROSION

HFeO-2
-1.0 Fe
IMMUNITY Fe(OH)2

-1.5
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

pH

( :)1 Fe- H2O

horizontal line H

OH vertical line

sloping line

OH H ).(Uhlig,1971

b
O2

a
H 2

HFeO2

active potentials FeO 42

noble potentials

passive regions Fe 2 O3 Fe3O4

5
 Fe protective oxide layer

immunity region

).(Broak,1971

):(Fontana,1987

-
.

-
.

. -

. Kinetic of corrosion process

41

6
The Economic Importance of Iron and Steel Corrosion in

Acid Solutions

......... ).(Srivastava & Srivastava,1980

HCl H2SO4 HNO3

. hydrogen brittleness

Inhibitors .

).(Machu, 1970/1971

& (Vincent

) .Okhio, 2005 .

(Caliskan

) .& Bilgic,2000 )(Wranglen,1985

/ .

overpotential / .

8
 .(Bastos

)et al.,2006

(Abd El-

;Rehim et al., 2001 & Arab & Abd-El-Nabey,1991; Arab Al-

Turkustani, 2006; Arab & Noor, 1992, 1993 ).

(Rozenfeld ,

) 1981

(Al-Sehaibani,

;2000; Barakat et al., 1998; El-Etre et al., 2005; Ibrahim et al., 1989

)Khamis & Al-Andis, 2002; Sanghavi et al., 1996

9
(Arab et al.,2005 ; Arab et al., 2008 ; Khamis & Al-Andis, 2002 ; El-Etre,

2003; El-Shafei et al., 2004; El-Etre, et al., 2005).

-1

-2 .

;( Ateya et al.,1981

) Bala, 1984; Gomma, 1998

).(Bala, 1984

Zizyphus spina-christi plant 51 :

10
 Rhamnaceae ) (2

).(Dweek,2005

) :(2 .

) (Adzu et al., 2001

(Dweek,

).2005

11


) (Mahran et al.,1996

) (0.66% ( )1

).(Dweek, 2005

( :)1 .

1
O

12
 OCH3

2
O
N

3
H H

HO

OH
4
O
H

HO

H
O

O 5

6 C
O

61

Pervious Studies on the Corrosion and Corrosion

Inhibition of Mild Steel in Acid Solutions

(Brakenbury &

13
; Grazeskowiak, 1988 ; Janik- Czchor, et al.,1975 & Mikheeva

)Florianovich, 1987 ; Sato, 1982 and Trabanelli, 1991

H2SO4 (Diem & .

& Hudson, 1987; Epelboin et al.,1972 ; Podesta et al.,1979 ; Russel

Newman, 1986 and Woltowicz, 1972).

161

Previous Studies on the Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibition

of Mild Steel in Acid Solutions by Organic Inhibitors

(Ameer

et al.,2000 ; Ferreira et al., 2004; Hackerman & Cook, 1950 ; Lukovists et

)Oguzie et al.,2004; and Popva et al.,2003 ;al.,2001

/ .

).(Oguzie, 2006

14
 ) (Meakins,1973

n n- alkylisoquinolinum

H2SO4 HCl 99%

. n

cystine cysteine methionine

1.0N H2SO4 .

) (Abd- El- Nabey et al.,1985 60%

10-3 M

-4 -5 H-3- 421-

4-amino-3-H-5-mercapto-1,2,4- triazoline

15
(Abd-El- H2SO4

) . Nabey et al., 1986

-2-1

H2SO4

).(Abd El- Rahman, 1990

3-methyl-5- -3 -5- -2,1-

(amino-1,2-azoles= )

-)5(3 -x-4[)3(5- ]

3(5)- ]amino-5(3)[4-x-phenyl pyrazoles

:
) .(x = H-, Cl-, NO2-, Me- and MeO-

.Temkin isotherm

) (Ajmal et al.,1994

2- Hydrazino- 2 6

1.0 N HCl 1.0N

6-Methyl- Benzothiazol

16
 .
H2SO4

NH 3

. Langmuir isotherm

amino ( )

benzoic acids hydrogen

permeation 0.5 M H2SO4 1.0M HCl

30 C (Muralidharan et

) .al.,1996

> >

.H2SO4 HCl

amino acids

H2SO4 ( ) (Abd

) . El-Rahim et al.,1997

17
 .

. 1.010-4 M

Phosphoniom

HCl H2SO4 ). (Morad, 2000

( )

3- 3 6 2 4

2 ) Methyl-2,6- diphenyl piperdin-4- one (MDPO

4 ) 2- phenyl decahydroquinoline- 4-one (PDQO

1.0N H2SO4

(Muralidharan et al., d.c a.c

) .2000

18
 -25 ( -4 ) 1,3,4-

2,5-bis(4-dimethlaminophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole )(DAPT

1.0 M HCl 0.5 M H2SO4

) .(Bentiss et al.,2001 30C

H2SO4 . HCl

(25-60)C

) (Arab & Al-Turkustani, 2002

(20- 60)C Sulphonium

bromides 2.0M

H2SO4 HCl H3PO4 .

E app

.

) (Ebenso et al.,2009

Methocarbamol 2.5M H2SO4

19


261

Previous Studies on the Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibition

of Mild Steel in Acidic Solutions by Natural Products

Inhibitors.

(Abdel-Gaber et

al.,2006; Abiola et al.,2003;Arab et al,2008; El-Etre., 2003;Khamis et

) al.,2007; Minhaj et al.,1999;Noor, 20004; Oguzie, 2004

20
 HCl

tabbaco leaves black peppe

alkaloids nicotin papaverine

) .( Srivastava and Srivastava 1980

Freundlich

.isotherm .

corrosion current

Orange Opuntia- Ficus Indica Aloe

Mango Pomegranate HClH2SO4

) .(Saleh et al., 1982

5% HCl 25 C

) > (82% ) > (80% ) > (75% )(65%

21
 ) (Zucchi & Omar, 1985

Papaia Poinciana pulcherrima (

) Cassia occidentails Datura stramonium seeds

Calotropis procera B. Azydracta ndica Auforpio turkiale sap

1.0 M HCl

Azydracta indica Auforpio turkiale sap

88% 96%

Mahasudarshana Chuurna

H2SO4, HCl, 0.1 N H3PO4

HNO3 Potentiostatic polarization

). (Zakvi & Mehta, 1988) Linear polarization (LP

HNO3> HCl> H2SO4> H3PO4

Citurs :

) aurontifolia (lemon ) Citrus paradise (grape frute Citrus

) sinesis (orange

22
 HCl H2SO4

) . (Ibrahim et al.,1989

90% 4.0M HCl 95% 1.5M H2SO4

.83.7%

) 25.0% (w/v Embilica

) ouflicianalis (Eo )Terminalia chebula(Tc

Terminalia )bellirica(Tb

. (Sanghvi et al.,1997) 328K ) 5.0%HCl (w/v

Eo>Tc>Tb

) (Minhaj et al.,1999

) Eucalyptus (leaves )Hibiscus (flower

Agaricus

) static and dynamic conditions .

) > (85% )> (79%)(47%

23
 .

) (Khamis & Al-Andas, 2002

H2SO4

Thyme Coriander

Garden Hibiscuss Anis Black cumin

.cress

d.c . a.c

d.c :

> > > > >

Citrus Paradise

HCl (20- 60) C

) .(Abiola et al.,2003

24