Tp ch Khoa hc HQGHN, Khoa hc T nhin v Cng ngh 25 (2009) 165-171

Xc nh iu kin ti u cho qu trnh keo t nc thi

xeo giy bng phng php Quy hoch thc nghim
Trnh L Hng1, Nguyn Quang Vinh2, o S c1,*,
Nguyn c Vinh1, Nguyn Mnh H1
1
Khoa Ha hc, Trng i hc Khoa hc T nhin, HQGHN, 19 L Thnh Tng, H Ni, Vit Nam
2
Trung tm Phn tch, S Khoa hc & Cng ngh H Ni

Nhn ngy 24 thng 9 nm 2008

Tm tt. Trong cng trnh ny, PAC c s dng keo t, x l nc thi xeo giy. nh
hng ca hm lng PAC, pH v thi gian keo t ti hiu qu loi b COD v c c
nghin cu, kho st. Phng php quy hoch thc nghim c s dng kho st iu kin
ti u cho qu trnh keo t. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy, gi tr ph hp v hm lng PAC, pH
v thi gian x l tng ng l 380 mg/L; 6.5 v 60 pht. iu kin trn, gi tr COD v c
sau x l tng ng l 265 mg/L v 1.33 NTU.
T kha: PAC, keo t, nc thi xeo giy, phng php quy hoch thc nghim.

1. M u lng (TSS ln) [3,6,7]. Nu khng c x l

Vit Nam, cng nghip bt giy v giy
l mt trong nhng ngnh gi v tr chin lc
quan trng trong s pht trin ca nn kinh t
quc dn [1], c tc pht trin rt nhanh [2].
Tuy nhin, do c th ca mt ngnh sn xut
phc tp, s dng nhiu ha cht, nguyn liu
nn mi trng ngnh cng nghip giy (c
bit l cng on nu bt) b nhim cc k
trm trng [1-5].
Nc thi xeo giy c hnh thnh trong
qu trnh hnh thnh v hon thin t giy, mc
d c mc nhim khng qu cao nhng
cha hm lng kh ln cc cht hu c ha
tan (BOD, COD) cao v nhiu cc hp cht l
_______
m thi ra mi trng th nc thi xeo giy
khng nhng s gy nh hng khng nh ti
mi trng sng, sc khe v i sng ca cc
loi thy sinh [4,6,7] cng nh con ngi m
cn gy lng ph mt lng kh ln bt giy c
th ti s dng [8]. Nghin cu x l, ti s
dng nc thi xeo giy v th gi mt v tr
cc k quan trng trong ngnh cng nghip bt
giy v giy.
Do cha thnh phn hu c v TSS cao, t
l BOD/COD kh ln nn trong thc t gii
quyt bi ton nc thi xeo giy ngi ta
thng s dng cc k thut keo t [4,6,7],
tuyn ni, sinh hc [9]. Vi nhng u th ca
mnh, k thut keo t thng c s dng
trc tin, nht l khi cn nghin cu ti s

Tc gi lin h, T: +84-4-38261855.
dng bt giy.
E-mail: ducds@vnu.edu.vn
165
166 T.L. Hng v nnk. / Tp ch Khoa hc HQGHN, Khoa hc T Nhin v Cng ngh 25 (2009) 165-171
Trong nghin cu ny, nh hng ca nng
cht keo t PAC, thi gian keo t v pH ti
hiu qu loi b COD v hiu qu loi b mu
c nghin cu, kho st. Da trn nhng
kt qu thc nghim thu c, iu kin ti u
cho qu trnh keo t c xc nh bng
phng php quy hoch thc nghim vi s h
tr ca phn mm thng k, m hnh v k
hoch ha thc nghim, Modde, phin bn 5.0.
2. Thc nghim
2.1. Nc thi v ha cht
Nc thi xeo giy c ly ti Cng ty
giy Ty (i M, T Lim, H Ni) c cc
thng s ban u c trnh by trn bng 1.
Bng 1. Mt s thng s ban u ca nc thi
Thng s Gi tr
pH 7-8
COD, mgO2/L 985
c, NTU 60
Tc nhn keo t v tr keo t s dng trong
nghin cu ny l PAC v C508 cng nghip.
Cc ha cht s dng trong qu trnh xc
nh COD thuc loi tinh khit phn tch.
2.2. Quy trnh x l
Ly 200 mL nc thi vo cc thu tinh
250 mL, iu chnh pH bng NaOH (hoc
H2SO4 ), b sung PAC v tin hnh khuy trn.
Khi t thi gian keo t cn thit, tip tc b
sung cht tr keo t v khuy trong thi gian 1
pht. Sau mu c em xc nh COD,
c.
2.3. Cc phng php phn tch
Trong nghin cu ny, COD c xc nh
theo cc phng php tiu chun [10]. c
c xc nh trc tip bng my o c
2100 P Turbidimeter, HACH. Thit b MP 220,
pH Meter METTLER TOLEDO c s dng
xc nh pH.
2.4. Thit k thc nghim
Phng php p ng b mt c p
dng xc nh iu kin vn hnh ti u cho
qu trnh keo t. nh hng ca ba nhn t c
lp: hm lng PAC (x1), pH (x2) v thi gian
keo t (x3) ti hai hm mc tiu l COD (y1) v
c (y2 ) c xc nh bng phng php
quy hoch thc nghim. Cc bin c lp c
m ha theo phng trnh:
x i x cp
Xi =
x i
Trong : xi l gi tr thc ca bin Xi; xcp
l gi tr trung bnh ca khong bin i v
x i l khong thay i.
nh hng ca cc nhn t ti cc hm
mc tiu c m t theo m hnh bc hai vi
phng trnh (1):
2
n
n n
y = b 0 + b i x i + b ii x i + b ij x i x j (1)
i =1 i =1 i< j
Trong nghin cu ny, n c gi tr bng 3
nn phng trnh (1) c th trin khai thnh
[4,11]:
y = bo + b1x1 + b2 x2 + b3x3 + b12 x1x2 + b13b1b3 + b23b2 b3
+b11x12 + b22 x22 + b33x23 (2)
Trong nghin cu ny, cn tin hnh 34 th
nghim hi quy v xc nh cc h s trong
phng trnh (2): b0, b1, b2, b3, b12, b13 , b23, b11,
b22, b33. ngha thng k ca cc h s hi quy
c xc nh bng cch kim tra chun
Student. Phng trnh hi quy bc hai c xc
nh da trn kt qu kim tra chun Fisher.
Mc ph hp ca m hnh hi quy c th
hin qua gi tr ca R2. iu kin ti u cho qu
trnh x l c xc nh bng phn mm
Modde 5.0.
 T.L. Hng v nnk. / Tp ch Khoa hc HQGHN, Khoa hc T Nhin v Cng ngh 25 (2009) 165-171 167

3. Kt qu v tho lun Bng 2. Bng thit k thc nghim

Qu trnh thc nghim c tin hnh theo Nhn Bin m ha (X)

t
Bng thit k thc nghim (bng 2). Kt qu Nhn t
gc -1.68 -1 0 +1
xc nh COD v mu theo Bng K hoch (x)
+1.68
thc nghim c trnh by trn bng 3. Da Hm
trn phng php p ng b mt, kt qu phn lng
x1 97.7 200 350 500 602.3
tch thc nghim c trnh by trn bng 4 v PAC,
mg/L
bng 5. pH x2 2.63 4 6 8 9.36
Nh vy c th nhn thy rng thi gian t Thi
nh hng ti COD nhng nh hng kh gian, x3 13.18 20 30 40 46.82
mnh ti c. Cng t cc kt qu thc pht
nghim trn bng 4 v bng 5 c th vit c
phng trnh hi quy, m t s ph thuc ca Bng 3. Kt qu thc nghim theo Bng K
y1, y2 vo cc nhn t nng PAC (x1), pH hoch thc nghim
(x2) v thi gian (time, x3) nh sau:
Nng Thi
COD c
PAC pH gian
y1 = 270.974 + 30.282x1 + 45.892x2 +106.6x22 + 46.9x1x2 (mg/L) (NTU)
(mg/L) (pht)
y2 = 0.5665 + 3.0734x1 10.3589x2 + 0.3273x3 + 3.461x12 200 4 20 587.04 16.5
+6.697x22 +1.7556x23 3.6075x1x2 +1.165x1x3 0.3725x2 x3 500 4 20 469.92 27.6
200 8 20 368 3.77
Hai phng trnh hi quy trn phn nh
500 8 20 411.36 0.58
kh chnh xc m hnh thc nghim, iu ny
200 4 40 548 15.5
c khng nh qua cc gi tr lch chun
R2, v tnh tng thch ca m hnh Q2 (nhng 500 4 40 352.8 31.4
gi tr ny kh gn 1.00, bng 4 v bng 5) v 200 8 40 411.36 1.42
hnh biu din s tng quan gia gi tr COD, 500 8 40 430.88 2.75
A529 thu c t thc nghim v thu c t
m hnh tin on (hnh 3 v hnh 4 tng ng). 97.7 6 30 352.8 5.41

Nhng kt qu trn bng 4 v bng 5; hnh 602.3 6 30 255.2 15.42

3 v hnh 4 cho thy, m hnh tin on c th 350 2.636 30 626.08 37.11
d on gi tr COD v A529 vi chnh xc 350 9.364 30 453.28 2.03
rt cao, tng ng l 94.42% v 99.99%; s
350 6 13.18 313.76 5.04
khc bit gia nhng gi tr thu c t m
hnh d on v nhng gi tr thc nghim ch 350 6 46.82 294.24 6.14
c mt s sai khc nh. 350 6 30 274.72 0.56
350 6 30 274.72 0.56
350 6 30 274.72 0.56
168 T.L. Hng v nnk. / Tp ch Khoa hc HQGHN, Khoa hc T Nhin v Cng ngh 25 (2009) 165-171

Bng 4. Cc h s hi quy thu c t thc nghim Bng 5. Cc h s hi quy thu c t thc nghim
(hm mc tiu: COD) (hm mc tiu: c)

COD Coeff. SC Std. P Conf. int Conf.

() Coeff. SC Std. Err. P
Err. c int()
Const. 270.974 23.499 8.30E-06 55.567 Const. 0.566468 0.0925674 0.00048 0.21889

x1 -30.282 11.0346 0.028739 26.093 x1 3.07337 0.0434675 2.98E-11 0.10279

x2 -45.8924 11.0346 0.004247 26.093

x2 -10.3589 0.0434675 6.05E-15 0.10279
*
x3 -9.2334 11.0346 0.430357 26.093
x3 0.327288 0.0434675 0.00013 0.10279
23.2952 12.1439 0.096576 28.716
x12 x12 3.46106 0.0478371 2.53E-11 0.11312
106.6 12.1439 5.02E-05 28.716
x 22 x 22 6.69704 0.0478371 2.50E-13 0.11312
23.2952 12.1439 0.096575 28.716
x 23 x 32 1.75558 0.0478371 2.90E-09 0.11312

x1 x 2 46.9 14.4181 0.014002 34.0939

x1 x 2 -3.6075 0.0567959 6.30E-11 0.13430

x1 x 3 -12.74 14.4181 0.406230 34.0939

x1 x 3 1.165 0.0567959 1.64E-07 0.13430

x2 x3 27.38 14.4181 0.099352 34.0939

x2x3 -0.3725 0.0567959 0.00031629 0.13430

N = 17 Q2 = 0.576 Cond. no. = 4.9932 Cond.

N = 17 Q2 = 0.999 4.9932
DF = 7 R2 = 0.944 Y-miss = 0 no. =
R2 Adj. = 0.872 RSD = 40.7806 DF = 7 R2 = 1 Y-miss = 0
2
Conf. lev.= 0.95 R Adj. = 1 RSD = 0.1606
Conf. lev. = 0.95

iu kin ti u kho st c, gi tr
COD v c c gi tr ln lt l xp x Bng 6. iu kin ti u
263.76 mg/L v 1.3296 NTU. Cc gi tr tng (tn: thc nghim; d: d on)
ng thu c khi tin hnh kim tra s ph hp
ca m hnh bng thc nghim l 265.12 mg/L; PAC pH Thi CODtn CODd
1.3345 NTU. Kt qu thc nghim ny cho thy (mg/L) gian (mg/L) ctn (mg/L) cd
m hnh d on c chnh xc kh cao, m (pht) (NTU) (NTU)

bo tin cy. y l mt cng c hu ch 380 6.5 30 263.76 1.3296 265.12 1.3345

trong vic tin on kt qu cng nh ti u

ha thc nghim.

_______
*
Nhng h s in nghing l nhng h s khng c
ngha trong phng trnh hi quy.
 T.L. Hng v nnk. / Tp ch Khoa hc HQGHN, Khoa hc T Nhin v Cng ngh 25 (2009) 165-171 169

700

C O D , d o n b n g M h n h , m g /L
y = 0.9442x + 22.002
2
600 R = 0.9442

500

400

300

200

100

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
COD thc nghim, mg/L

Hnh 1. S bin thin ca COD theo pH v nng Hnh 3. Tng quan gia gi tr COD thc nghim
PAC, khi thi gian keo t khng i. v COD d on t m hnh.
c d o n th e o M h n h

40 y = 0.9999x + 0.0008
35
R2 = 0.9999
30
25
(N T U )

20
15
10
5
0
0 10 20 30 40
c, thc nghim (NTU)

Hnh 2. S bin thin ca c theo pH v nng Hnh 4. Tng quan gia gi tr c thc nghim
PAC, khi thi gian keo t khng i. v c d on t m hnh.
170 T.L. Hng v nnk. / Tp ch Khoa hc HQGHN, Khoa hc T Nhin v Cng ngh 25 (2009) 165-171
4. Kt lun
K thut keo t s dng PAC kt hp vi
tc nhn tr keo t C508 ph hp x l nc
thi xeo giy. iu kin ti u tin hnh x
l c xc nh theo nng PAC, thi gian
keo t v pH tng ng l 380 mg/L; 30 pht
v 6.5. S khc bit nh gia nhng gi tr thu
c t thc nghim v nhng gi tr thu c
t thc nghim cho thy phng php p ng
b mt l mt cng c hu ch v ph hp
ti u ha qu trnh keo t, loi b cht hu c
v c t nc thi xeo giy.
Li cm n
Cc tc gi xin chn thnh cm n s h tr
ti chnh t S Khoa hc v Cng ngh thnh
ph H Ni vi ti khoa hc m s s 01C-
09/04-2008-2.
Ti liu tham kho
[1] o S c, Cao Th H, Nghin cu x l dch
en nh my giy Ha Bnh bng phng php
keo t, Tuyn tp cng trnh khoa hc, Trng
i hc Khoa hc T nhin H Ni, 2006, trang
206-214.
[2] o S c, Cao Th H, Nghin cu gim
thiu nhim hu c trong dch en nh my
giy bng phng php keo t kt hp vi vi
sinh. Tp ch Cng nghip giy 1 (2007) 12.
[3] o S Snh, Bo co tng quan Cng nghip
Giy v vn mi trng. Vin Cng nghip
Giy v Xenlulo, H Ni, 1996.
[4] A.L. Ahmad, S.S. Wong, T.T. Teng, A. Zuhairi,
Optimization of coagulation floculation
process for pulp and paper mill effluent by
response surface methodology analysis, Journal
of Hazardous Materials 145 (2007) 162.
[5] Lother Gottsching, Environmental Protection in
the Pulp and Paper Industry, Ha Noi, 2001.
[6] L. Ben Mansour, I. Ksentini, B. Elleuch,
Treatment of wastewater of paper industry by
coagulation electroflotation, Desalination 208
(2007) 34.
[7] Vimal Chandra Srivastava, Indra Deo Mall,
Indra Mani Mishra, Treatment of pulp and paper
mill wastewaters with poly aluminium chloride
and bagasse fly ash. Colloids and Surfaces A:
Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 260 (2005) 17.
[8] Vin Cng nghip Giy v Xenlulo, Bo co
xut k hoch tng th pht trin bn vng bo
v mi trng ngnh Cng nghip Giy n nm
2010, H Ni, 2002.
[9] Cao Th H, Bo co D n sn xut th
nghim X l nc thi bng phng php Keo
t - hp ph - vi sinh, Trng i hc Khoa hc
T nhin. H Ni, 2002.
[10] APHA. Standard methods for the examination of
water and wastewater, 19th ed. Washington, DC,
1995.
[11] Zhi-Wen Wang, Xun-Li Liu, Medium
optimization for antifungal active substances
production from a newly isolated Paenibacillus
sp., Using response surface methodology.
Bioresource Technology, Vol. 99 (2008) Issue
17, pp. 8245-8251.
 T.L. Hng v nnk. / Tp ch Khoa hc HQGHN, Khoa hc T Nhin v Cng ngh 25 (2009) 165-171 171

Determining optimized conditions for coagulation of

Paper industry effluent by Experiment planning method
Trinh Le Hung1, Nguyen Quang Vinh2, Dao Sy Duc1,
Nguyen Dac Vinh1, Nguyen Manh Ha1
1
Faculty of Chemistry, College of Science, VNU, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
2
Center for Analysis, Hanoi Dept. of Science and Technology

Coagulation is a proven technique for the treatment of high suspended solids wastewater. In this
study, the coagulation using poly aluminium chloride (PAC) was applied in order to remove organic
compounds (COD) and turbidity from paper industry effluent. The effects of some key operating
parameters which were PAC dose, pH as well as contact time on the COD and turbidity removals were
investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) showed that PAC dose of 380 mg/L; pH of 6.5;
contact time of 60 minutes were optimum conditions for the coagulation of paper industry effluent. At
optimized conditions, these values of COD and turbidity were appoximately 265 mgL-1 and 1.33 NTU,
respectively. The experimental results also indicated that coagulation using PAC was very efficient
and able to achieve more than 90% COD and turbidity; the model was a suitable and useful tool to
predict and optimize the treatment of paper industry effluent by the coagulation using PAC as a
coagulant.
Keywords: Optimization, coagulation, poly aluminium choloride (PAC), paper industry effluent,
RSM.