Given that x-y+1=0 then axel Since AB is perpendicular to L, then the gradient of AB, m Using the point (0, 1) and m then yy, =m(x—,) becomes M(x-0) So Let the centre of the circle C3 = (x, Using the point (0, 1) and r= 4 units then (xP 40-91 So (x0) + (y-If =16 ie. x 4(y-I=16 Substituting y=—x +1 into (2) xt +(-x+1-1) =16 8 x x=dV8=42V2 ALTERNATIVELY: ituting y =—x+1 into the equation of C. x+y? -2p-15=0 x84 (-x+1P -2(-x41)-15=0 P 4x? -2xt142x-2-15=0Substitute x=2V2 into (1): y=-22+1 Substitute x =—2V2 into (1): y=—(2v2)+1 =2V2+1 The equation of a circle is: (xa) +(y-0) So the possible equation of the circle C, are (x23) +(y+203-1)' = (x+202) +(p-2V2-1) 2011 U1 P02 Q3.(b) Given that y=3sec@ and x=3tan then Zasecd and = == tand So sec* Now I+tan? So 1+ Ba Da 9 9 y ae 9 re = ya Vi0x Substitute y= Vi0x into (I) x -(Viox) So x -10r+9=0 Factorizing: (x-9)(x-1)=018. Either x-9=0 x=9 When x=9 When x Hence, the points of intersection of the two curves are (9, 310) and (1, Vi0) 2012 U1 P02 Qd4. (a) Given the equation of a circle is wty -6x-dy +4 Then x -6x+y'-4y+4= So (x-3) +(y-2f $42 F +2 ie. (x3) +(p-2) =944-4 (x-3) +(y-2)' =3? > C(a,b)= (3,2) > r=3 Hence, the centre of the circle is (3, 2) and the radius is 3. (ia) The gradient of the normal, m Using m = 0 and the point (6, 2), then the equation of a straight line y-y,=m(x—%) becomes (x-6)=0 Hence, the equation of the normal at the point (6, 2) is y=2. i EeThe gradient of the tangent, m e», therefore the tangs is a vertical line. The equation of the tangent at the point (6, 2) is x=6. Henee, the tangent is parallel to the y-axis. Given the parametric equations: ye 4 Substitute += into the equation x =f +1 Then _ y+ 8yt16+207+4) Ss 4 _ yr e8y+16+2y+8 z 4 +10y+24 4 yr +l0y+24 2013 U1 P02 Q4. (a) and (b)VECTORS 10.(a)(i) Given OB i then — [0a|=VP+F =viti =v2 So the unit vector, 6= — ‘s : ao 1 Hence, the unit vector in the direction of OB is =(i+ j). Rid) i) § Hence, the position vector of the point C is B (i+).cos@=0) if @=90°, since cos90°=0 (ai+b)).(-bi+aj)=-ab+ab=0 or (a+b) (Cire, -[ Hence, the veetors are perpendicular, 2003 U1 POI ato. OP =143) [oP|= Ve +e =vl+9 =vi0 OP it3j 1 joa” vo 72) soe eee col Hence, the unit vector in the direction of OP is vio The direction of OO is the same as the direction of OP. Now 00 =4|00| |e9| 1 Sia (i+3,)x5 5 qld Hence, the position vector of Q is wl +3).The vector 3i+4j is perpendicular to OP =i+3j if their dot product is equal t0 0. Now (3i-+4,)-(1+3,) _ (30) (1 “\4)\3 =34(1)+4@) =3r+12 For the two vectors to be perpendicular Hence = ~4 if the vectors are perpendicular. 2004 U1 P01 Q10. Since OLMN is a parallelogram, then P is the midpoint of LV and OM. Given OL =-3i+ j and ON = 2i+3), then M = ON + NM ON+OL =2i+3j-3i+6/ = 2-314 G+6)j +95 i Ee Co+3 Ba ° Hence, the position vector of P is OF PVR a 3i+6j and ON =2i+3j, 1L0+0N =—(-3i46j)+ 28437 =3i-6 +2143) =(+2)i-(6-3)J =5i-3j . a 4.) Given S| gl thenHence, the position vector of P is OP 2004 U1 P02 Q4.(c) Ura) MODULE 2Using the Ratio theorem: MODULE 2is ald 4 3 2 ] Hence, the coordinates of P are (- 3, 1} 2005 U1 P01 Q6.(b) The position vector of A(I,2),04=i+2j The position vector of B(2,5),0B = 2i+5j The position vector of C(0,-4),0C = -4j Given then So ie. Hence, the position vector of D in terms of i and j is OD 2005 Ui P01 Q9. Uta) MODULE 26. 10. Given that the vector cos @/+3 and dissin 0j are parallel, their gradients are equal 2 ea v3__sin@ ie. Since sin20=2sin 1 then =sin20=sin 2 = = = Hence, the values of 8,0 0S 2z, for which the vectors are 2x In an Gio 2005 U1 POI 10. parallel are 0= 7. 4.(b) (i) cos30= cos (26+ 4) 108 28cos O— sin 2sin@ 2.cos? 8-1) cos @—2sin @cos Asin @ cos’ @—cos @-2sin’ Acos cos’ 8— cos @—2(1-cos" A)cosO = 2cos’ @—cos—2cos @+2cos’ A 2cos’ O+2cos’ O—3cosO 4cos’ @—3cos@If a = 4cos’ Gi + (6cos@—1)j and b= 2cos6i-j, Ae oo-( sia) (ea | 6cos6-1) \ -1 = 4cos? (2.cos 8) + (6c0s6-1)(-1) = 800s’ 0-6c0sO+1 =2(4cos’ 8-30086) +1 =2cos30+1 Since a and b are perpendicular, then a-b=0 Thus 2cos30+1=0 So ie. = Hence, the value of @ is - 2005 U1 P02 Q4. (b) xp+ ya = x(2i+3))+¥Gi-2)), xi + 3x) +3 yi —2yi = (2x+3y)i+ Gx-2y)i Thus (2x+3y)i+ Gx-2y)| So 2x+3y=-3 and 3x-2y=-H1 (x2: Ax+ 6y=-6 (x3: 9x-6y=-33 Q)+(4): 4x4 9x=-6-33 ie. 13x=-39 eee 3 MODULE 2(b) Substitute x = —3 into (1): 2(-3)+3y = So 643 ice 3) Hence, x=—3 and, p=2i+3j and q=3i-2) -(7).{ 3)=26)+3-2)=6-6=0 pa=( ||, |= 490) =6- 6= Hence, p and q are perpendicular. Nera ld % (b) p=2i+3) and q=3i-2j > ‘The product of the gradients: mm, = 3x (3 Hence, p and q are perpendicular. 2006 U1 PO1 Q10. 10. (a) (i) AB=OB-OA 4j-Gi+2)) 4j-3i-25 2-3)1-(44+2)) 65 VOI +6)" v1+36 BT (ii) The magnitude of 4B, entreAlso So the position vector, OM = AM +04 {2} Hence, the position vector of the points Mis 2 A wc) (3Since myn, #—1, then OA is not perpendicular to OB. 2007 U1 POI Qt0. 10. 3.(a)(_ Given p=i—jand q = Ai+2j, then q is parallel to p when a=kp So Ai+2j=kG-) > 2=-k ice -2=k = Hence, i is perpendicular to p when p- om oe (iC) A)-1(2) then Hence, .=2. (iii) Ifthe angle between p and q is , then p-4=[pllajcos? = (3) Ler ah WE al aat+8 2wm oe ( IC) =10)-12) =h-2 247 +8 YA-2)=V24F +8 2A-4= 21? +8 (24-4) =207 +8 42? -162+16= 2/7 +8 *-16A+16-8=0 24 -16A+8 where a= 1, b=-8 ando=4. Using the quadratic formula: -b Vb —4ac _ 8-64-16 2 _ 8448 2 st4v3 a) 2(4+2N3) 2 =442N3 Hence, 2=4+2N3. 2008 (TT) U1 P02 Q3.(a)ll. 3.(a)(i) a)_—s Given p=-it+6j ie l= Veni +6 =N1+36 =37 Now p-q=|pllqlcos@ = ¥37V73 cos8 =\2 701 cos 3 6) \s =-1G)+6() =-3+48 =45 Thus ¥2701cos=45 45 So cos O= 45 2701 @=cos" 0.0" Hence, the size of the acute angle 6 between p and q isThe area of APOO, 4=5 pasin POO =plalsin = A 2 701 sin 30° 3 =i pioixt 4 7 =1 2701 4 =13 units? Hence, the area of POQ is 13 units? yen) Now PO=00-OP =a-P =31+8j-(-i+ 6) =31+8j+i-6) =G+Di+8-6)j =(Q2-Di+ (640i +75 Hence, the position vector of Mis i+ 7).q-P 3i+8j-(-i+ 6) =31+8j+i-65 +Di+ 8-6)i i+ 25 Hence, the position vector of R is 41+ 2} 2009 U1 P02 Q3.(b) Given p=6i+4j then pl-Ve+e = V36+16 = 52 = 213 q=-8i-9j la\= fear +9" = 64481 =Vi45 p-a=[plla|cos = V52Vi45 cos8 = (7540 cosAlso p-q=(6i+4j)-(-81-9)) = 6(-8)+ 4-9) 48-36 Hence, the angle between p and q is 165.3°. Given that -v=0 P then Gj le ALYY, + So 6 y= ive 4 Ifx=1, then y= Hence, a possible non-zero vector v such that p-v =0, is vei-3h The relationship is that p and v are perpendicular. eerALTERNATIVELY: 3.(a)() Given that p=6i+4) and ‘then ee x (By +097" _ 48-36 Voor teers 84 7540 84 Tis @=2-cos =165.3° Hence, the angle between p and q is 165.3°. (i) a) Given that p-v=0 then (61+ 4))-(Ki+ = 0 =o) 6k+41=0 ie 3k+2=0 If 3(2)+21= So Since p-v=0. then p and v are perpendicular. 2010 U1 P02 G3. (a) em ee13. 3. (a) (i) The value of (a+b)-(a—b) a-b-b ALTERNATIVELY 1: 3.(a) (i) The value of (a+b)-(a—b) (4th) (4-8 ~ (a, +b,) (a, -2, = (a, +5 (a, - 8) + (a, +B, Ma, ~b,) = (ai -B) + (aj — BF) = (aj +43)— Of +83) =13°-10? |b| = Jor +57 =10 =169-100 =69 ah a 3.(@) (i) The value of (a+b)-(a—b) ai +a,j+bi+b,))-(ai+a,j-bi-b)) a} —ah, +43 ~ a,b, +b, —bf +a,b,—b;Gi) Given that 2b-a=1li = O00) b,) la) \o - fo 2b,-a,) (0 2b,-a,=11 26-1 2) Also ai +a? =169 @ And bP +b; =100 (4) Substitute a = 2b -11 and a, = 2b, into (3): (2b, -11)° +(2,)? =169 Then 4b? —44b, +121+4b} =169 4(b} +b?) -44b, =169-121 4(100) — 445, = 48 ES 400-440, = 48 = 44b, = 400-48 = 352 +44: Substitute b, =8 into (1): =2(8)-11 =16-11 =5 Substitute a, =5 into (3): =169-25=144 a, = 4144 = 412 i Ee CS=>(412) =16 when 4,=5, a,=12, 6 =8 and b, =6, wm (lela when a, =5, a,=-I2, & =8 and b, =-6 thi ale 2) angie =(o% en a=| 15] and b=|_ I. 2011 U1 P02 Q3. (a) In the form ai+ yj: p=-3i+4j and q=-i+6j The vector p—q = (-3i+4))—(-i+ 6)) 445446] i +i+ 45-65 3+ 1i+(4-6)j 25-2p-4=|pliq|cose = (37 +4 YC + 6° cos = V9+16V1+36 cos® = 2537 00s 8 =5y37 cos ‘Thus 537 cos@=27 So 00s 8= 7 537 27 @= cos Uaioe (correct to 1 d.p.) 2012 U1 P02 4. (b) 15. 4(¢)(@_ Given the points A(3,— 1, 2), BL, 2,—4) and CCH, 1,2). OA =3i-j+2k OB =1+2j-4k and OG = -i+ j-2k Sovector 4B=OB-OAd i+2j-4k)—(3i-j+2k) =3)i+(2+1)j+(-4-2)k +3)-6k + j-2k)-(i+2j-4k) (-1-1)i+ (1-2) j+(2+4)k i—j+2k Gi) r-AB=(-16j—-8k)-(-21+3j-6k) =-16(3)-8(-6) =- 48448 =0