Thc s Ho l thuyt v Ho l: Nguyn Xun Trung - ST: 0936 190 88 5- 0944 190 885 -THPT Hng Bng

H v tn hc sinh: ..............................................................................................Lp:........................................
CH N TP TNG HP HU C 11
Cu 1) t chy hon ton 3,24 gam mt clohidrocacbon X (mch h, khng phn nhnh) bng oxi d v cho ton b sn phm chy
(CO2, HCl v hi H2O) vo bnh kn cha 60 ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d = 1,22 g/ml). Sau khi cc sn phm chy c hp th hon
ton vo dung dch NaOH c dung dch Y c khi lng tng ln 7,73 gam. Pha long Y bng nc ct c 250 ml dung dch. C
20 ml dung dch ny tc dng va vi 24,828 ml dung dch HCl 1,015M. 1/ Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. 2/ Vit
tt c cc ng phn cu to ca X
Cu 2) Mt hn hp kh X gm mt ankan, mt anken v mt ankin c th tch 1,792 lt (ktc), trong anken c s nguyn t
cacbon ln hn ankan. Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
Phn 1: Cho qua dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d sinh ra 0,735 gam kt ta v th tch hn hp gim 12,5%.
Phn 2: t chy hon ton ri hp th sn phm chy vo 9,2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,0125M thy c 11 gam kt ta
Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc cht trong X
Cu 3)Cc ankan hoc anken A, B, C l nhng cht kh ktc. Hn hp X cha A, B, C trong c 2 cht c s mol bng nhau.
Trong mt bnh kn c dung tch khng i 11,2 lt ng oxi 00C v 0,6 atm. Sau khi bm m gam X vo bnh, p sut trong bnh l
0,88 atm, nhit bnh ln ti 27,30C. Bt tia la in t chy ht hidrocacbon v gi nhit bnh 136,50C, p sut trong bnh
lc ny l p. Cho sn phm chy ln lt qua ng ng (1) cha P2O5 v ng (2) cha KOH rn thy khi lng ng 1 tng 4,14 gam,
ng hai tng 6,16 gam.
1. Xc nh p sut p.
2. Bit rng nu ly ht lng anken c trong 22,4 lt hn hp X, 00C, 2 atm em trng hp th thu c khng th vt qu 0,5
gam polime.
Cu 4) Hai hp cht hu c A, B c cng cng thc phn t u cha C, H, Br. Khi un nng vi dung dch KOH long, cht A to
ra cht C c cha mt nhm chc. Cht B khng tc dng vi KOH nh iu kin trn. Cho 5,4 g cht C phn ng hon ton vi K
d cho 0,616 kh H2 27,30C v 1 atm. t chy hon ton 1,35 gam cht C th thu c 3,85 gam CO2. Khi cho A hoc B phn ng
vi Br2 (c mt Fe) u thy kh HBr thot ra, sau phn ng A to ra 3 cht D, E, F cn B to ra hai cht G, H.
1. Vit cng thc cu to ca A, B, C v cc cng thc cu to c th c ca D, E, F, G, H. Bit rng phn t ca D, E, F, G, H u
cha 64% Br v khi lng
2. Cho hn hp gm 171 gam cht A v 78 gam benzen phn ng bi Br2 c mt Fe. Kt thc phn ng thu c 125,6 gam
brombenzen, 90 gam cht rn D, 40 gam cht rn v 30 gam cht F. Hy cho bit cht A phn ng vi brom kh hay d hn benzen
bao nhiu ln ?
Cu 5) Hn hp kh A (ktc) cha 2 hidrocacbon thuc loi anken, ankin, ankan. T l khi lng phn t ca chng l 9 : 5. t
chy 0,6 mol hn hp A v cho tt c sn phm chy qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh tng 111,6 gam v c 354,6
gam kt ta.
1/ Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc hidrocacbon c trong A
2/ Cho 0,6 mol hn hp A li t t qua 400 ml dung dch Br2 0,15M th thy dung dch brom mt mu hon ton, c 12,32 lt kh thot
ra (ktc. Tnh khi lng sn phm to thnh ?
Cu 6) Khi t chy hidrocacbon A v B u cho CO2 v hi nc vi t l mol 1,75 : 1 v th tch. Cho ha hi hon ton 5,06 gam
A hoc B u thu c 1 th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 1,76 gam oxi trong cng iu kin. Cho 13,8 gam A phn ng hon ton
vi AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 45,9 gam kt ta. B khng c phn ng va nu. Hirocacbon A phn ng vi HCl cho cht C cha
59,66% clo trong phn t , hirocacbon B khng c phn ng va nu. Khi cho C phn ng vi brom theo t l mol 1 : 1 c chiu
sng th ch thu c hai dn xut cha halogen. Cht B lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4 khi un nng.
1/ Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, C 2/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra
Cu 7) Mt hn hp kh A gm H2 v 1 olefin 820C v 1 atm ; c t l mol 1 : 1. Cho A qua ng s nung nng cha Ni, sau mt thi
gian c hn hp kh B c t khi hi so vi heli l 11,6. Tm cng thc ca olefin v tnh hiu sut.
Cu 8) Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 4,48 lt cha 1 hn hp kh A c t khi so vi He l 4,475 gm C2H4, H2 v C2H2 ktc. Trong
t l s mol ca C2H4 v C3H6 l 1 : 2 vi cng 1 t bt Ni
un nng bnh 1 thi gian c hn hp kh B c t khi so vi He l 5,265. Sau lm lnh bnh ti 00C, p sut trong bnh l P
atm. 1/ Tnh % th tch mi kh trong A v B 2/ Tnh gi tr ca p sut P
3/ Dn B qua dung dch brom d, thy khi lng bnh brom tng 2,24 gam. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng ca mi olefin trong phn
ng vi H2
Cu 9) A l hn hp kh (ktc) gm 3 hidrocacbon X, Y, Z mch h thuc 3 dy ng ng khc nhau. A l hn hp O2 v O3 c t
khi hi so vi He l 9,6. t chy 1 mol A cn 5 mol A thu c a gam CO2 v 9a/22 gam H2O. Mt khc khi cho 22,4 lt hn hp
A qua bnh nc brom d thy c 11,2 lt kh X bay ra, khi lng bnh tng thm 27 gam. Cn khi cho 22,4 lt hn hp A qua dung
dch AgNO3/NH3 d to thnh 3,22 gam kt ta vng thot ra hai kh X, Y . Xc nh cng thc cu to cc hidrocacbon. Cc th tch
kh o ktc
Cu 10) Hn hp kh A gm mt ankin v mt anken (c cng s nguyn t C) v hiro c t khi so vi metan l 1,375. Cho hn
hp A qua ng Pt nung nng n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c hn hp kh c t khi hi so vi metan l 2,75. Tm cng thc
phn t ca Y
Cu 11) A l mt hirocacbon thu c khi ch bin du m. Ankyl ha A bng isobutan c mt AlCl3 (xc tc) to thnh B. Thnh
phn % hidro trong A t hn trong B l 1,008%. Trong iu kin ca phn ng rifominh, A c chuyn ha thnh D. Cht D khng
tc dng vi brom nhng D tc dng vi hn hp HNO3 v H2SO4 m c sinh ra mt dn xut nitro E. D hiro ha cho K v c th
b oxi ha bi KMnO4 d trong mi trng H2SO4 to ra axit F. Nung chy mui natri ca F vi NaOH rn sinh ra G. G c th b
hidro ha thnh H. Cc hidrocabon A, H, K c thnh phn % nguyn t nh nhau. Ozon phn A thu c 1 s sn phm trong c
C3H6O (M) tham gia phn ng vi I2 trong dung dch NaOH un nng sinh ra kt ta mu vng v c mi kh c trng.
Gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Vit cc cng thc cu to cc cht t A n M v ghi cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
Cu 12) Cho 100 ml dung dch cha hai este A, B, n chc c nng 0,8M tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Sn phm
thu c gm hai mui hu c C, D c khi lng l 104,6 gam (T l MC : MD = 41 : 65) v mt ancol E c khi lng 2,9 g. Ancol

CH TNG HP HU C 11 N THI HSG THNH PH 1

"Nu c m ln, nhng iu cn li l chuyn nh. - S thnh cng, l tr ca thy ^v^
ny khng bn chuyn thnh anehit. trung ha ht NaOH d sau phn ng cn 200 ml dd HCl 0,2M. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT
ca A, B
Cu 13) t chy hon ton 4,3 gam cht hu c X thu c hn hp Y : CO2, HCl, H2O. Dn Y vo bnh cha dd AgNO3 d c mt
HNO3 00C thy c 5,74 g kt ta, khi lng dd tng 2,54 g. Kh thot ra khi bnh ng dd AgNO 3 c hp th vo 2 lt dd nc
vi trong 0,05M n khi p hon ton c w gam kt ta sinh ra. Lc kt ta, cho nc barit d vo nc lc th sinh ra v gam kt ta
na. Bit w + v = 13,94 gam.
1. Tm CTPT ca X bit MX < 230 vC
2. A, B, C l cc ng phn ca X tha cc iu kin sau:
43 gam A + NaOH d sinh ra 12,4 gam C2H4(OH)2 + 0,4 mol A1 + NaCl
B + NaOH d to thnh mui Z, anehit axetic, NaCl v nc
D + NaOH d thu c mui L + natri axetat , NaCl v nc
Tm Cng thc cu to ca A, B, D v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra
Cu 14) Khi phn tch m gam cht hu c A c cu to t 3 nguyn t C, H, O thy tng khi lng hai nguyn t C v H l 0,46
gam. Nu t chy ht m gam cht A cn dng 0,896 lt kh oxi (ktc). Hp th ton b sp chy vo bnh cha dd NaOH d thy khi
lng bnh tng 1,90 gam
1/ Tnh gi tr ca m v cng thc phn t ca A. Bit CTPT trng vi CTGN
2/ Vit Cng thc cu to ca A. Bit m gam A td vi Na d thu c k mol kh hiro v m gam A tc dng va vi k mol NaOH
3/ Tnh th tch kh hiro (kc) v th tch dung dch NaOH (d=1,2g/ml) 10% dng
Cu 15) Cho 47 gam hn hp hai ancol A, B qua nhm oxit un nng thu c hn hp C gm ete, anken, ancol d v hi nc.
Tch hi nc ra khi hn hp C thu c hn hp kh D. Ly nc cho phn ng vi Na d sinh ra 4,704 lt hiro (ktc). Lng
anken trong C thu c brom va 135 ml dung dch Br2 2M. Phn ete & ancol trong C chim th tch 16,128 lt 136,5oC, 1 atm.
1/ Tnh hiu sut ancol b loi nc bin thnh Anken. Bit rng hiu sut i vi mi anken nh nhau v s mol mi ete bng nhau.
2/ Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc ancol
Cu 16)Hn hp A gm hai olefin. Cho A tc dng vi H2O to thnh 6,352 gam hn hp ru B c hiu sut mi phn ng cng
H2O l H = 40%. Cho mt na hn hp B tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,5824 lt kh H2. Cho mt na hn hp B tc dng vi
H2SO4 c c hh C gm 3 ete. Hiu sut phn ng to ete tng ng theo chiu tng phn t khi l 40%, 50% v 60%. ng thi
nhn c 0.2376g H2O.
1/ Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon trn
2/ Xc nh cng thc cu to 2 ru bit khi cho hi ru qua CuO un nng c hai hp cht hu c X, Y , trong X c phn
ng trng bc
3/ Tnh th tch kh CO2 sinh ra (1270C ; 1,64 atm) nu t chy hon ton hn hp A
Cu 17)Hn hp 5,04 lt kh C gm hai ankan A, B k tip nhau trong dy ng ng v 1 anken A dn qua bnh ng nc brom th
c 12 gam brom phn ng va . Mt khc bit rng 11,6 gam C th lm 16 gam nc brom mt mu. 1/ Xc nh cng thc phn
t cc cht trong C v % khi lng A trong 11,6 gam C
2/ t chy hon ton 11,6 gam C, dn ton b sn phm qua bnh Q cha 4 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,15M. Tnh khi lng cc cht
c trong bnh Q
Cu 18) Mt hirocacbon A c 150 < MA < 170. t chy hon ton m gam A sinh ra m gam nc A khng lm mt mu dung dch
nc brom, khng tc dng vi brom lng khi c mt bt Fe. Khi chiu sng th A tc dng vi hi brom to ra 1 dn xut monobrom
duy nht. un nng A vi 1 lng d dung dch KMnO4, ri axit ha dung dch bng axit HCl, thu c cht rn B mu trng. un
khan B sinh ra 1 hp cht C ch c hai nguyn t trong phn t . Xc nh cng thc cu to A, B, C
Cu 19) Bit rng khi hidro ha 1 mol anken bt k 1 lng nhit c thot ra nh hn so vi khi t chy 1 mol hidro. Ch ra rng,
nhit t chy ca 1 ankan bt k cao hn nhit t chy ca anken c cng s nguyn t cacbon.
Cu 20) Hn hp A gm 3 ng phn mch h X1, X2, X3 u cha C, H, O. Bit 4 gam A 136,50C ; 2 atm c cng th tch vi 3
gam C5H12 2730C, 2 atm. 1/ Xc nh cng thc phn t X1, X2, X3
2/ C 36 gam hn hp tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH c m gam NaOH. C cn dung dch c cht rn Y v hn hp Z. Z tc
dng va vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 sinh ra 108 gam Ag v dung dch T cha 2 cht hu c. in phn dung dch T vi in cc
tr, c vch ngn c hn hp kh F anot. Nung cht rn Y vi NaOH d c hn hp kh G. un G vi Ni nhit cao c
hn hp kh F gm 2 kh F1, F2 ng mol
Trn F vi F c hn hp kh G (khng c phn ng xy ra). Cho li t t G qua dung dch nc brom th khi lng dung dch
brom tng 1,75 gam. Tnh gi tr ca m
Cu 21) thy phn hon ton 0,74 gam hn hp mt este ca hai axit monocacboxylic cn 7 gam dung dch KOH 8% trong nc.
Khi un nng hn hp este ni trn vi axit sunfuric 80% sinh ra kh, lm ngui, thu ly kh v cn. Sau cho li t t qua dung
dch brom trong nc thy trng lng kh gim 1/3, trong khi khi lng ring ca kh gn nh khng i.
1/ Tnh khi lng mol hn hp hai este
2/ Xc nh thnh phn ca hn hp kh sau khi lm ngui v % khi lng ca chng
3/ Tnh khi lng mi este trong hn hp u.
Cu 22)Este E to bi 2 axit A, B v ru C. Sau khi x phng ha p gam E bng 140 ml dung dch NaOH t M ngi ta dng 80 ml
dung dch HCl 0,25M trung ha c ht lng kim d, ri lm bay hi dung dch to thnh sau khi trung ha c q gam hn
hp mui khan S. Nung mui khan S vi vi ti xt v NaOH d c cht rn R v kh K l hai hidrocacbon c t khi so vi oxi
0,625. Dn K qua nc brom d thot ra 5,376 lt kh X duy nht. Mt khc khi cho lng cht rn R ni trn tc dng vi axit H 2SO4
long d thy thot ra 8,064 lt kh CO2.Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Th tch kh o ktc.
1/ Xc nh cng thc phn t, cu to ca A, B, C. Bit khi t chy 1.38 gam ru C cn dng 1,176 lt oxi ; sau phn ng khi
lng CO2 gp 11/6 ln khi lng nc.
2/ Tnh gi tr p, q, t.

Cu 1)
t chy hon ton 3,24 gam mt clohidrocacbon X (mch h, khng phn nhnh) bng oxi d v cho ton b sn phm
2
"Li ha cho ngy mai khng bng s c gng t ngy hm nay"
Thc s Ho l thuyt v Ho l: Nguyn Xun Trung - ST: 0936 190 88 5- 0944 190 885 -THPT Hng Bng
chy (CO2, HCl v hi H2O) vo bnh kn cha 60 ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d = 1,22 g/ml). Sau khi cc sn phm chy
c hp th hon ton vo dung dch NaOH c dung dch Y c khi lng tng ln 7,73 gam. Pha long Y bng
nc ct c 250 ml dung dch. C 20 ml dung dch ny tc dng va vi 24,828 ml dung dch HCl 1,015M.
1/ Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X
2/ Vit tt c cc ng phn cu to ca X
Gii
1) S mol NaOH = 0,366 (mol). Gi CTTQ ca E l CxHyClz
CxHyClz + ((4x + y - z)/4)O2 x CO2 + (y-z)/2H2O (1)
m m m
Ta c: CO2 + H2O + HCl = 7,73 gam
S mol HCl phn ng va vi 20 ml dd D. nHCl = 0,024828.1,015 = 0,0252 (mol)
S mol HCl cn phn ng va vi 250 ml dd D: 0,0252.250 / 20 = 0,315 (mol)
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O (2)
(mol) 0,366-0,315 0,051
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O (2)
(mol) 0,315 0,315
T (2) v (2) => nHCl = 0,051 (mol)
m
C: CO2 + mH2O = 7,73 0,051.36,5 = 5,8685 (g)
BTKL cho pt (1) => Khi lng oxi = 7,73 4,24 = 4,49 (g) => S mol oxi: 0,1403125 (mol)
t a = n CO2; b = n H2O
Ta c h pt: 44a + 18b = 5,865
2a + b = 0,2803125
a = 0,1021562; b = 0,0763125
n
C = 0,10215625 (mol)
n
Trong E cha: H = 0,051 + 2.0,0763125 = 0,203625 (mol)
n
Cl = 0,051 (mol)
Lp t l x : y : z = 0,102155625 : 0,203625 : 0,051 = 2 : 4 : 1 => CT nguyn (C2H4Cl)n
Bin lun: 4n 2. 2n + 2 = > n 2
Khi n = 1 => CTPT ca E l C2H4Cl (loi)
Khi n =2 => CTPT ca E l C4H8Cl2 (nhn)
2) Cc CTCT:
CH2Cl-CHCl-CH2-CH3 (1) CH2Cl-CH2-CHCl-CH3 (2)
CH2Cl-CH2-CH2-CH2Cl (3) CH3-CHCl-CHCl-CH3 (4)
CHCl2-CH2-CH2-CH3 (5) CH3-CCl2-CH2-CH3 (6)
Cu 2)
Mt hn hp kh X gm mt ankan, mt anken v mt ankin c th tch 1,792 lt (ktc), trong anken c s nguyn t
cacbon ln hn ankan. Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
Phn 1: Cho qua dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d sinh ra 0,735 gam kt ta v th tch hn hp gim 12,5%.
Phn 2: t chy hon ton ri hp th sn phm chy vo 9,2 lt dung dch Ca(OH) 2 0,0125M thy c 11 gam kt ta
Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc cht trong X
Gii
t cng thc ca ankan, anken v ankin ln lt l
CnH2n+2 (a mol); CmH2m (b mol) ; CpH2p-2 (c mol) (S mol trong 1/2X)
CpH2p-2 + x[Ag(NH3)2](OH) CpH2p-2-xAgx + xH2O + 2xNH3 (1)
c mol c mol
T phng trnh (1) => 0,735/ Mkt ta = (1,792.0,125) / (22,4.2) = 0,005
Mkt ta = 147 = 14p 2 + 107x . x ch c th bng 1 => p =3
CTPT Ankin l C3H4 => S mol propin (1/2X) = 0,735/147 = 0,005 mol
Bo ton C => na + mb + 0,015
Nu Ca(OH)2 d ch to mt mui CaCO3
Suy ra na + mb + 0,015 = 11/100 => na + mb = 0,095
M a + b = 1,792/44,8 0,005 = 0,035 mol
Do n = (na + mb) / (a + b) = 0,095/0,035 = 2,7
=> n < m. Ta c 1 n < 2,7 < m 4 (V X l hn hp kh)
Vy c 4 cp CH4 & C3H6 ; CH4 & C4H8 ; C2H6 & C4H8 ; C2H6 & C3H6
Nu Ca(OH)2 to 2 mui
n
Ca(OH)2 p to Ca(HCO3)2 = 0,115 0,11 = 0,005 mol
Tng nCO2 = 0,11 + 0,005.2 = 0,12 = na + mb + 0,015 => na + mb = 0,105
Suy ra n = 0,105/0,035 = 3
V n < m => CH4 v C4H8 ; C2H6 v C4H8

Cu 3)
CH TNG HP HU C 11 N THI HSG THNH PH 3
"Nu c m ln, nhng iu cn li l chuyn nh. - S thnh cng, l tr ca thy ^v^
Cc ankan hoc anken A, B, C l nhng cht kh ktc. Hn hp X cha A, B, C trong c 2 cht c s mol bng
nhau. Trong mt bnh kn c dung tch khng i 11,2 lt ng oxi 00C v 0,6 atm. Sau khi bm m gam X vo bnh, p
sut trong bnh l 0,88 atm, nhit bnh ln ti 27,30C. Bt tia la in t chy ht hidrocacbon v gi nhit
bnh 136,50C, p sut trong bnh lc ny l p. Cho sn phm chy ln lt qua ng ng (1) cha P 2O5 v ng (2) cha
KOH rn thy khi lng ng 1 tng 4,14 gam, ng hai tng 6,16 gam.
1. Xc nh p sut p
2. Bit rng nu ly ht lng anken c trong 22,4 lt hn hp X, 00C, 1 atm em trng hp th thu c khng th
vt qu 0,5 gam polime.
Gii
1. m
H2O = 4,14 g => nH2O = 0,23 mol ; mCO2 = 6,16 g => nCO2 = 0,14 mol
n
O2 b = 0,6.11,2/22,4 = 0,3 mol => nO2 d = 0,3 0,14 0,23/2 = 0,045 mol
Tng s mol bnh khi t chy: 0,045 + 0,14 + 0,23 = 0,415 => p = 1,245
2. Tng s mol kh trong bnh khi bm m gam X: n1 = 0,4 mol
Tng s mol X 0,4 0,3 = 0,1 mol => MX = 21,4/0,1 = 21,4
C 1 hirocacbon l CH4 (gi s l A)
S mol ankan trong X: 0,23 0,14 = 0,09 mol
Trng hp 1: CH4 c 0,09 mol, mi anken chim (0,1-0,09)/2 = 0,005 => Loi (v C>4)
Trng hp 2: CH4 , 1 ankan v 1 anken
KLPT MA (M = 16) MB MC

S mol nA nB nC = 0,01
nA+nB = 0,09

Nu nA = nB = 0,09/2 = 0,045 mol => nC = 0,01 => loi

Nu nA = nC = x => nA = 0,01 => loi
Nu nC = nB = 0,01 mol cn nA = x mol
MX = 21,4 = 16x + (MB + MC) (0,1 x)/2
Trong x + (0,1 x)/2 = 0,09 => x = 0,08 => MB + MC = 86
Cc cp nghim: C2H4 v C4H10, C2H6 v C4H8, C3H6 v C3H8
S mol anken trong X l (0,1-x)/2 = 0,01 tc chim 10%
Tng s mol kh: 2 mol tng c 0,1 mol Anken
Nu C2H4 th lng polime c th t 0,2.28 = 5,6 (gi s vi mol X)
Cn C3H6: 0,2.42 = 8,4 gam
Cn C4H8: 0,2.56 = 11,2 gam.
Nhng theo bi lng Polime < 0,5 gam => Anken dng kh trng hp => l but-2-en (do n ng khng gian)
Vy cc hirocacbon:
Metan (CH4), Etan (CH3-CH2-CH3), But-2-en (CH3-CH=CH-CH3)
Cu 4)
Hai hp cht hu c A, B c cng cng thc phn t u cha C, H, Br. Khi un nng vi dung dch KOH long, cht A
to ra cht C c cha mt nhm chc. Cht B khng tc dng vi KOH nh iu kin trn. Cho 5,4 g cht C phn ng
hon ton vi K d cho 0,616 kh H2 27,30C v 1 atm. t chy hon ton 1,35 gam cht C th thu c 3,85 gam CO2.
Khi cho A hoc B phn ng vi Br2 (c mt Fe) u thy kh HBr thot ra, sau phn ng A to ra 3 cht D, E, F cn B
to ra hai cht G, H.
1. Vit cng thc cu to ca A, B, C v cc cng thc cu to c th c ca D, E, F, G, H. Bit rng phn t ca
D, E, F, G, H u cha 64% Br v khi lng
2. Cho hn hp gm 171 gam cht A v 78 gam benzen phn ng bi Br2 c mt Fe. Kt thc phn ng thu c
125,6 gam brombenzen, 90 gam cht rn D, 40 gam cht rn v 30 gam cht F. Hy cho bit cht A phn ng vi brom
kh hay d hn benzen bao nhiu ln ?
Gii

1. A phn ng vi NaOH to ra cht C c 1 nhm chc => nguyn t Br trong A b thay th bi nhm OH v A c
1 nguyn t Br.
Gi cng thc tng qut ca A l CxHyBr v ca C l CxHyOH, ta c:
2CxHyBr + 2K 2CxHyOK + H2 (1)
Qui th tch H2 v ktc => V = 0,56 lt tng ng 0,025 mol
T (1) => s mol cht C p = 0,025.2 = 0,05 mol => Mcht C = 5,4/0,05 = 108 g/mol
Phn ng:
CxHyOH + (4x+y-1)/4 O2 x CO2 + (y+1)/2 H2O
(gam) 108 44x
(gam) 1,35 3,85
Suy ra 44x / 3,85 = 108/1,35 => x = 7 => y = 108 (12.7+17) = 7
4
"Li ha cho ngy mai khng bng s c gng t ngy hm nay"
Thc s Ho l thuyt v Ho l: Nguyn Xun Trung - ST: 0936 190 88 5- 0944 190 885 -THPT Hng Bng
Vy cng thc cht C: C7H7OH => A, B c cng thc C7H7Br
V A, B phn ng vi Brom (c Fe) cho HBr bay ra => A, B c cu to cha vng benzen
Gi s nguyn t Br trong phn t Br trong phn t D, E, F, G, H l n, ta c:
80n / ((171 n - 1 80 (n-1)) = 0,64 => n = 2
V A phn ng d dng vi KOH => nguyn t Br gn vo mch bn: C 6H5-CH2Br
Mt khc, 1 nguyn t H (trong vng thm) b th bi nguyn t Br to ra 3 sn phm (o- , p- , m-) nn cng thc trn
l ph hp
D, E, F l 1 trong 3 cu to sau
CH2Br CH2Br CH2Br
Br

. Br Br
B khng phn ng vi KOH chng t nguyn t Br gn vo vng thm. B c th c cng thc cu to sau:
CH3 CH3 CH3
Br (B1) (B2) (B3)
Br
Br
V B phn ng vi brom (c Fe) cho 2 sn phm G, H nn ch c cng thc B3 l ph hp (B 1, B2 cho n 4 sn phm
th brom)
Cng thc cu to ca G, H l:
CH3 CH3
Br Br

Hn hp phn ng c s mol benzen v cht A bng nhau: 78/78 = 1 mol ; 171/171 = 1 mol
Br c th so snh kh nng phn
iu kin phn ng nh nhau nn Brng brom ha gia chng
n
S mol cc sn phm: C6H5Br = 125/157 = 0,8 mol
n
D = 90/250 = 0,36 mol ; nE = 40/250 = 0,16 mol ; nF = 30/250 = 0,12 mol
T l s mol sn phm th brom vo A v vo benzen: (0,36 + 0,16 + 0,12)/0,8 = 0,8
Vy cht A phn ng vi brom kh hn benzen ch bng 0,8 ln so vi benzen

Cu 5)
Hn hp kh A (ktc) cha 2 hidrocacbon thuc loi anken, ankin, ankan. T l khi lng phn t ca chng l 9 : 5.
t chy 0,6 mol hn hp A v cho tt c sn phm chy qua dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d thy khi lng bnh tng 111,6
gam v c 354,6 gam kt ta.
1/ Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc hidrocacbon c trong A
2/ Cho 0,6 mol hn hp A li t t qua 400 ml dung dch Br2 0,15M th thy dung dch brom mt mu hon ton, c
12,32 lt kh thot ra (ktc. Tnh khi lng sn phm to thnh ?
Gii
1/ s mol BaCO3 = 354,6 / 197 = 1,8 (mol) = s mol CO2 (BTC)
s mol nc = (111,6 1,8.44) / 18 = 1,8 (mol)
=> s mol CO2 = s mol H2O
=> C hai trng hp xy ra
Khi lng A = 1,8.12 + 1,8.2 = 25,2 (gam)
* Trng hp c hai hirocacbon u l anken
MA = 25,2 / 0,6 = 42
=> C 1 anken c M < 42. Ch c th l C2H4 => M anken cn li = 28. 9 / 5 = 50,4 (loi)
* Trng hp A gm 1 ankan CnH2n+2 (a mol) v 1 ankin CmH2m 2 (b mol)
Ta c : a + b = 0,6
V t chy cho nCO2 = nH2O => a = b = 0,6/2 = 0,3
Ta li c 0,3. (14n + 2) + 0,3 . (14m - 2 ) = 25,2 => n + m = 6
Hn hp A th kh (ktc)
=> C cc cp nghim :
n = 3 ; m = 3 => C3H8 v C3H4. Khng tha bi MC3H8 9/5 . M C3H4
n = 2 ; m = 4 => C2H6 v C4H6. Tha bi MC4H6 = 9/5 . MC2H6
n = 4 ; m = 2 => C4H10 v C2H2. Khng tha bi MC4H10 MC2H2
2/ S mol kh thot ra : 12,32 / 22,4 = 0,55 (mol) ; s mol brom = 0,4 . 0,15 = 0,06 (mol)
=> nC4H6 d = 0,55 0,3 = 0,25 mol ; nC4H6 p = 0,3 0,25 = 0,05 mol
C4H6 + Br2 = C4H6Br2
t t t (mol)
CH TNG HP HU C 11 N THI HSG THNH PH 5
"Nu c m ln, nhng iu cn li l chuyn nh. - S thnh cng, l tr ca thy ^v^
C4H6 + 2Br2 = C4H6Br4
z 2z z
Ta c : t + z = 0,05 t = 0,04
t + 2z = 0,06 z = 0,01
m
C4H6Br2 = 0,04 . 214 = 8,56 gam ; mC4H6Br4 = 0,01 . 374 = 3,74 gam

Cu 6)
Khi t chy hidrocacbon A v B u cho CO2 v hi nc vi t l mol 1,75 : 1 v th tch. Cho ha hi hon ton 5,06
gam A hoc B u thu c 1 th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 1,76 gam oxi trong cng iu kin. Cho 13,8 gam A
phn ng hon ton vi AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 45,9 gam kt ta. B khng c phn ng va nu. Hirocacbon A
phn ng vi HCl cho cht C cha 59,66% clo trong phn t , hirocacbon B khng c phn ng va nu. Khi cho C
phn ng vi brom theo t l mol 1 : 1 c chiu sng th ch thu c hai dn xut cha halogen. Cht B lm mt mu
dung dch KMnO4 khi un nng.
1/ Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, C
2/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra
Gii
1/
Khi lng phn t ca A, B : 32. 5,06/1,76 = 92 (vC)
t cng thc phn t ca A, B: CxHy => x / y = 1,75 / 2
=> CTPT : C7H8
Do A phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3
=> A cha nhm (R - C CH) => cng thc kt ta : C7H8-nAgn
S mol A phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 : 13,8/92 = 0,15 (mol) = s mol kt ta
=> Khi lng phn t kt ta : 45,9 / 0,15 = 306 = 12.7 + 8 n + 108n => n = 2
Cng thc cu to ca A c th l 1 trong 4 cht sau :
C2H5
(1) CH C CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH (3) CH C CH C CH
CH3
(2) CH C CH CH2 C CH (4) CH C C C CH
CH3 CH3
Cng thc phn t C : (C7H8.mHCl)
C : (35,5m) / (92 + 36,5m) = 0,596 => m = 4
=> Cng thc phn C l C7H12Cl4
Do A phn ng vi HCl to nn C => C c th l cc cht sau (Theo qui tc Mac-cop-nhi-cop)
(1) CH3 C(Cl)2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C(Cl2) CH3
(2) CH3 C(Cl)2 CH(CH3) CH2 C(Cl)2 CH3
(3) CH3 C(Cl)2 CH(C2H5) C(Cl)2 CH3
(4) CH3 C(Cl)2 C(CH3)2 C(Cl)2 CH3
Khi brom ha C ch c 2 sn phm th halogen => C l : CH3 C(Cl)2 C(CH3)2 C(Cl)2 CH3
=> A phi l CH C C(CH3)2 C CH
B (C7H8) khng phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 ; khng tc dng vi HCl, b KMnO4 oxi ha khi un nng => B l toluen :
C6H5 CH3
2/ Phng trnh phn ng :
to
C7H8 + 9O2 7CO2 + 4H2O
CH C C(CH3)2 C CH + Ag2O AgC C C(CH3)2 C CAg
NH3, to

CH C C(CH3)2 C CH + 4HCl CH3 C(Cl)2 C(CH3)2 C(Cl)2 CH 3

nh
2CH3 C(Cl)2 C(CH3)2 C(Cl)2 CH3 + 2Br2 2HBr +
sng
CH2Br C(Cl)2 C(CH3)2 C(Cl)2 CH3 + CH3 C(Cl)2 C(CH3)(CH2Br) C(Cl)2 CH3
to
C6H5 CH3 + 2KMnO4 C6H5 COOK + 2MnO2 + KOH + H2O

Cu 7)
Mt hn hp kh A gm H2 v 1 olefin 820C v 1 atm ; c t l mol 1 : 1. Cho A qua ng s nung nng cha Ni, sau
mt thi gian c hn hp kh B c t khi hi so vi heli l 11,6. Tm cng thc ca olefin v tnh hiu sut.
6
"Li ha cho ngy mai khng bng s c gng t ngy hm nay"
Thc s Ho l thuyt v Ho l: Nguyn Xun Trung - ST: 0936 190 88 5- 0944 190 885 -THPT Hng Bng
Gii
t cng thc phn t ca olefin : CnH2n
CnH2n + H2 = CnH2n+2
Ly s mol mi cht trong A l 1 mol
=> mA = 2 + 14n = mB (nh lut bo ton khi lng)
Gi s mol CnH2n phn ng x (mol)
=> S mol sau phn ng CnH2n : 1 x mol ; H2 : 1 x mol ; CnH2n+2 : x mol
=> Tng s mol sau : 2 x mol
Ta c 2 + 14n = 11,6 . 4 (2 x) => 14n + 46,4x = 90,8
=> x = 1,96 0,31n
V 0 < x < 1 => 3,1 < n < 6,3
Ba anken c th chn l C4H8 ; C5H10 ; C6H12 820C v 1 atm u l kh
Cc hiu sut tng ng : n = 4 => h = 72% ; n = 5 => h = 41% ; n = 6 => h = 10%
Cu 8:
Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 4,48 lt cha 1 hn hp kh A c t khi so vi He l 4,475 gm C2H4, H2 v C3H6 ktc.
Trong t l s mol ca C2H4 v C3H6 l 1 : 2 vi cng 1 t bt Ni
un nng bnh 1 thi gian c hn hp kh B c t khi so vi He l 5,265. Sau lm lnh bnh ti 0 0C, p sut trong
bnh l P atm.
1/ Tnh % th tch mi kh trong A.
2/ Tnh gi tr ca p sut P
3/ Dn B qua dung dch brom d, thy khi lng bnh brom tng 2,24 gam. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng ca mi olefin
trong phn ng vi H2
Gii
1/ gi s mol H2 = x ; s mol C2H4 = y => s mol C3H6 = 2y
Ta c 2x + 28y + 42. 2y = 4,475 . 4. 0,2 = 3,58
x + 3y = 0,2
x = 0,11 ; y = 0,03
Phn trm v th tch cng chnh l phn trm s mol
=> %VH2 = 0,11 / 0,2 = 55% ; %VC3H6 = 30% ; % VC2H4 = 15%
2/ mA = 3,58 gam = mB => nB = 3,58 / 21,06 = 0,17 (mol)
V V, T = const => =

P = = 0,85 atm
3/ S mol H2 p = s mol anken p = s mol A, B chnh lch = 0,2 0,17 = 0,03 mol
S mol anken d = 0,03 + 0,03.2 0,03 = 0,06 mol
t s mol C2H4 l y th s mol C3H6 l 0,06 y
28y + 42 (0,06 y) = 2,24 => y = 0,02
H
C2H4 = (0,03 0,02) / 0,03 = 33,33%
H
C3H6 = (0,06 0,04) / 0,06 = 33,33%
Cu 9:
A l hn hp kh (kt) gm 3 hidrocacbon X, Y, Z mch h thuc 3 dy ng ng khc nhau. A l hn hp O2 v O3 c
t khi hi so vi He l 9,6. t chy 1 mol A cn 5 mol A thu c a gam CO2 v 9a/22 gam H2O. Mt khc khi cho
22,4 lt hn hp A qua bnh nc brom d thy c 11,2 lt kh X bay ra, khi lng bnh tng thm 27 gam. Cn khi cho
22,4 lt hn hp A qua dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d to thnh 3,22 gam kt ta vng thot ra hai kh X, Y . Xc nh cng
thc cu to cc hidrocacbon. Cc th tch kh o ktc
Gii
Tng qut A + A CO2 + H2O
Gi s thu c 1 mol CO2 => 1 mol H2O
MA = 9,6.4 = 38,4
Bo ton nguyn t O => mA = mO(CO2) + mO(H2O) = 1.16.2 + 16.1 = 48 gam
n
A = 48/38,4 = 1,25 mol ; nA = 1/5 . 1,25 = 0,25 mol (1)
BTKL => mA = 44 + 18 48 = 14 gam ; MA = 14/0,25 = 56
n
hh kh = 1 mol ; nkh = 0,5 mol ; mkh = 56 27 = 29 gam ; Mkh = 29/0,5 = 58
Kh bay ra l C4H10
Cng thc cu to: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 hoc CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3
Ta c: n = nCO2 / nA = 1/0,25 = 4
t cng thc chung hai kh cn li Cx H y => x = 4
Y, Z l cht kh nn Y, Z u c 4 nguyn t C trong phn t => C4Hy
M khi lng mol tb ca Y, Z = 27/0,5 = 54 => y = 6

CH TNG HP HU C 11 N THI HSG THNH PH 7

"Nu c m ln, nhng iu cn li l chuyn nh. - S thnh cng, l tr ca thy ^v^
Trng hp . Vi Y : C4H8 (a mol) ; Z: C4H2 (b mol)
Ta c a + b = 0,5 v 8a + 2b = 6 (a + b) => b = 1/6
Bo ton C: => m = 1/6 . 264 = 44 32,2 => Loi
Trng hp . Vi Y: C4H8 (c mol) ; Z: C4H4 (d mol)
Ta c c + d = 0,5 v 8a + 4b = 6(a+b) => b = 0,25
Bo ton C: => m = 0,25.159 = 39,75 gam 32,2 => Loi
Ch cn trng hp Vi Y, Z u c cng thc phn t C4H6
Y: H2C = CH CH = CH2 hoc H3C CH = C = CH2
Z: CH3 CH2 C CH
Cu 10:
Hn hp kh A gm mt ankin v mt anken (c cng s nguyn t C) v hiro c t khi so vi metan l 1,375. Cho
hn hp A qua ng Pt nung nng n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c hn hp kh c t khi hi so vi metan l
2,75. Tm cng thc phn t ca Y
Gii
t cng thc phn t ca anken l CnH2n (x mol), ankin l CnH2n-2 (y mol) v z s mol H2
Ta c 14nx + (14n-2)y + 2z = 16.1,375. (x + y + z)
=> 14n (x + y) 2 (y z) = 22 (x + y + z)
=> Chn x + y + z = 1 => x + y = 1 z
=> 14n(x+y) 2( y - z) = 22 (1)
Nu sau phn ng hidrocacbon d => Cng thc chung CnHt
Suy ra 14n + t = 2,75.16 = 44 .
V t < 2n + 2 => 2,625 < n < 3,143 => n =3, t = 2 => Loi (khng c hirocacbon no H <2)
Do sau phn ng hidro d
CnH2n 2 + 2H2 CnH2n+2
CnH2n + H2 CnH2n+2
Hn hp kh sau p gm x + y mol CnH2n+2 v z 2y - x mol H2 => nhh sau = z y
Bo ton Khi lng => 22 = 44 ( z y) => z y = 0,5 hay y z = -0,5 (2)
Suy ra s mol hn hp sau 0,5 mol
S mol H2 sp. l 1 0,5 = x + 2y (3)
T (1) v (2) => 14n . (x + y) = 21 (4)
Bin lun:
Ta c M sau = 44 => Loi n 3 (V MC3H8 = 44)
n < 7. Vi n = 4 , t (3), (4) => x = 0,25 , y = 0,125 (Nhn)
Vi n = 5, t (3), (4) => x = 0,1 , y = 0,2 (Nhn)
Vi n = 6, t (3), (4) => x = 0 ; y = 0,25 (Loi)
Vy c hai cp cht tha iu kin bi ra C4H6 v C4H8 hoc C5H8 v C5H10
Cu 11)
A l mt hirocacbon thu c khi ch bin du m. Ankyl ha A bng isobutan c mt AlCl 3 (xc tc) to thnh B.
Thnh phn % hidro trong A t hn trong B l 1,008%. Trong iu kin ca phn ng rifominh, A c chuyn ha thnh
D. Cht D khng tc dng vi brom nhng D tc dng vi hn hp HNO3 v H2SO4 m c sinh ra mt dn xut nitro
E. D hiro ha cho K v c th b oxi ha bi KMnO4 d trong mi trng H2SO4 to ra axit F. Nung chy mui natri
ca F vi NaOH rn sinh ra G. G c th b hidro ha thnh H. Cc hidrocabon A, H, K c thnh phn % nguyn t nh
nhau. Ozon phn A thu c 1 s sn phm trong c C3H6O (M) tham gia phn ng vi I2 trong dung dch NaOH un
nng sinh ra kt ta mu vng v c mi kh c trng.
Gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Vit cc cng thc cu to cc cht t A n M v ghi cc phng trnh phn
ng xy ra.
Gii
Do A khi ankyl ha bng ankan (CH3)3CH to B. Chng t A l anken CnH2n (n 2)
CnH2n + C4H10 Cn+4H2n+10
% H(A) = 2n. 100 / 14n = 100/7 % ; %H (B) = (2n + 10) / (14n + 58)
V % H (A) + 1,008% = % H (B) => n = 8
Vy A : C8H16 v B : C12H26
qu trnh rifominh t du m cho A v A chuyn thnh D. Suy ra D l aren
Da vo gi thit c th suy ra CTCT cc cht
Phng trnh phn ng :
H3C C(CH3) = CH CH(CH3) CH3 + CH(CH3)3 (CH3)2 CH CH2 CH (CH3)2
(A) C(CH3)3 (B)
AlCl3
H3C - - CH3 + HNO3 c H3C - -CH3 + H2O
H2SO4
8
"Li ha cho ngy mai khng bng s c gng c
t ngy hm nay"
NO2
Thc s Ho l thuyt v Ho l: Nguyn Xun Trung - ST: 0936 190 88 5- 0944 190 885 -THPT Hng Bng
(D) (E)
H3C CH3 + 3HNi,
2 H3C CH3
(D) (K)
to
H3C CH3 + 12KMnO4 + 18H2SO4 5 HOOC COOH (F)

+ 6K2SO4 + 12MnSO4 + 28H2O

HOOC C6H4 COOH + 2NaOH NaOOC C6H4 COONa + 2H2O

NaOOC C6H4 COONa + 2NaOH (G) + 2Na2CO3

to
+ 3H2 Ni, (H)

H3C C(CH3) = CH CH2 CH(CH to 3) CH3 + O3 CH(CH3)2 CH2 CHO + CH3COCH3

(M)
CH3 CO CH3 + 3I2 + 4NaOH CH3COONa + 3NaI + CHI3 + 3H2O
Cu 12:
Cho 100 ml dung dch cha hai este A, B, n chc c nng 0,8M tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Sn
phm thu c gm hai mui hu c C, D c khi lng l 104,6 gam (T l M C : MD = 41 : 65) v mt ancol E c khi
lng 2,9 g. Ancol ny khng bn chuyn thnh anehit. trung ha ht NaOH d sau phn ng cn 200 ml dd HCl
0,2M. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca A, B
Gii
n n n
NaOH b = 0,15 mol, n NaOH d = HCl = 0,04 mol, NaOH p = 0,11 mol > n2este = 0,08 mol
S c 1 este p vi NaOH theo t l mol 1:2 v este ny c dng R-COO-Ar (Ar gc cha vng thm) => A l
R1COOR (a mol) v B l R2COOAr ( b mol)
R1COOR + NaOH R2COONa + ROH
a mol a mol a mol a mol
R2COOR + 2NaOH R2COONa + RONa + H2O
b mol 2b mol b mol b mol
n
2este = a + b = 0,08 a = 0,05 mol A
n
NaOH = a + 2b = 0,11 b = 0,03 mol B
n
E = nA = 0,05 => ME = MROH = 2,9/0,05 = 58
Do ROH khng bn => RCHO => R + 29 = 58 => R = 29
Do anehit l C2H5CHO to t ancol khng bn CH3-CH=CHOH
V phn ng x phng ha 2 este ch cho mui => Trong 3 mui R 1COONa, R2COONa, RONa phi c hai mui ging
nhau => R1 trng vi R2. Ta c:
Khi lng hai mui = K/lng RCOONa + K/lng RONa
0,08 (67 + R) + 0,03 (R + 39) = 10,46 => 8R + 3R = 393 (1)
Mt khc MC / MD = MRCOONa / MRONa => 41/65 = (R + 67) / (R + 39)
41R 65R = 2756 (2)
T (1) v (2) => R = 15, R = 91 (C6H4-CH3)
A l este ca axit CH3COOH v ancol CH3-CH=CHOH
=> CTCT A l CH3-COO-CH=CH-CH3
B l este ca axit CH3COOH v phenol CH3C6H4OH => CTCT ca B l
hoc
CH3COO CH3 CH3COO CH3COO
CH3 H3C
Cu 13)
t chy hon ton 4,3 gam cht hu c X thu c hn hp Y : CO 2, HCl, H2O. Dn Y vo bnh cha dd AgNO3 d c
mt HNO3 00C thy c 5,74 g kt ta, khi lng dd tng 2,54 g. Kh thot ra khi bnh ng dd AgNO 3 c hp th
vo 2 lt dd nc vi trong 0,05M n khi p hon ton c w gam kt ta sinh ra. Lc kt ta, cho nc barit d vo
nc lc th sinh ra v gam kt ta na. Bit w + v = 13,94 gam.
1. Tm CTPT ca X bit MX < 230 vC
2. A, B, C l cc ng phn ca X tha cc iu kin sau:
43 gam A + NaOH d sinh ra 12,4 gam C2H4(OH)2 + 0,4 mol A1 + NaCl
B + NaOH d to thnh mui Z, anehit axetic, NaCl v nc
D + NaOH d thu c mui L + natri axetat , NaCl v nc
Tm Cng thc cu to ca A, B, D v vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra
Gii
1. Tm Cng thc phn t ca X
+ t chy sinh ra CO2, H2O, HCl => Chc chn c C, H, Cl ; c th c O
+ Cho hn hp qua AgNO3 th HCl, H2O b gi li
Bo ton NT Clo: nHCl = nAgCl = 5,74/143,5 = 0,04 mol => nH2O = 0,06 mol
CH TNG HP HU C 11 N THI HSG THNH PH 9
"Nu c m ln, nhng iu cn li l chuyn nh. - S thnh cng, l tr ca thy ^v^
+ Kh thot ra khi bnh l CO2 cho tc dng vi Ca(OH)2
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O (2)
2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 (3)
Dung dch nc lc Ca(HCO3)2 + Ba(OH)2 CaCO3 + BaCO3 + 2H2O (4)
Gi a, b ln lt l s mol Ca(OH)2 p (2), (3)
Ta c a + b = 0,02.5 v 100a + (100 + 197)b = 13,94
a = 0,08 v b = 0,02 => nCO2 = 0,12 mol
Vy trong 4,3 gam X c: C = 0,12 mol ; nH = 2.0,06 + 0,04 = 0,16 mol ; nCl = 0,04 mol
n
n
O = (4,3 0,12.12 0,16 0,04.35,5)/16 = 0,08 mol
T l C : H : O : Cl = 0,12 : 0,16 : 0,08 : 0,04 = 3 : 4 : 2 : 1 => CT nguyn (C3H4O2Cl)n
V MX < 230 vC => n = 1 (loi), n = 2 (nhn)
Vy CTPT ca X l C6H8O4Cl2
1. Tm CTCT A, B, D v vit PTHH
+ Tm A: C6H8O4Cl2 + NaOH C2H4(OH)2 + mui A1 + NaCl
0,2 mol 0,2 mol 0,4 mol
A c th l ClCH2-COO-CH2-CH2-OOC-CH2Cl
Hoc ClCH2-COO-CH2-COO-CH2-CH2Cl
Phng trnh ha hc:
ClCH2-COO-CH2-CH2-OOC-CH2Cl + 4NaOH C2H4(OH)2 + 2HOCH2COONa + 2NaCl
ClCH2-COO-CH2-COO-CH2-CH2Cl + 4NaOH C2H4(OH)2 + 2HOCH2COONa + 2NaCl
Tm B: B + NaOH d Mui B1 + CH3CHO + NaCl + H2O
B l: H3C-CHCl-OOC-COO-CHCl-CH3
H3C-CHCl-OOC-COO-CHCl-CH3 + 4NaOH Na2C2O4 + 2CH3CHO + 2NaCl + 2H2O
Tm D: B + NaOH d Mui A1 + CH3COONa + NaCl + H2O
D l CH3-COO-CH2-COO-CCl2-CH3
CH3-COO-CH2-COO-CCl2-CH3 + 5NaOH 2CH3COONa + HOCH2COONa + 2NaCl + 2H2O
Cu 14)
Khi phn tch m gam cht hu c A c cu to t 3 nguyn t C, H, O thy tng khi lng hai nguyn t C v H l
0,46 gam. Nu t chy ht m gam cht A cn dng 0,896 lt kh oxi (ktc). Hp th ton b sp chy vo bnh cha dd
NaOH d thy khi lng bnh tng 1,90 gam
1/ Tnh gi tr ca m v cng thc phn t ca A. Bit CTPT trng vi CTGN
2/ Vit Cng thc cu to ca A. Bit m gam A td vi Na d thu c k mol kh hiro v m gam A tc dng va vi k
mol NaOH
3/ Tnh th tch kh hiro (kc) v th tch dung dch NaOH (d=1,2g/ml) 10% dng
Gii
1. t cng thc phn t ca A l CxHyOz.
nh lut bo ton khi lng => mA = 1,9 - 0,04.32 = 0,62 gam
Gi s mol CO2 l a, s mol H2O l b , s mol A l t => 44a + 18b = 1,9 (1)
Theo bi => 12a + 2b = 0,46 (2)
Gii h (1) v (2) => a = 0,035 ; b = 0,02
Ta c: mO(trongA) = 0,62 0,46 = 0,16 => nO = 0,01 mol
T l C : H : O = 0,035 : 0,08 : 0,01 = 7 : 8 : 2
V CTPT trng vi CTGN => C7H8O2
S mol A: 0,005 mol
Do 0,005 mol A + Na gii phng 0,005 mol hiro => A cha 2 nhm OH-
M S mol NaOH = s mol A => A cha phenol
Vy CTCT ca A c th l HO-C6H4-CH2OH (cc v tr o-, m- , p-)
HO-C6H4-CH2OH + 2Na NaO-C6H4-CH2ONa + H2
HO-C6H4-CH2OH + NaOH HO-C6H4-CH2ONa + H2O
V V
H2 = 0,005.22,4 = 1,12 lt ; ddNaOH = 0,005/0,01 = 0,5 lt

Cu 15)
Cho 47 gam hn hp hai ancol A, B qua nhm oxit un nng thu c hn hp C gm ete, anken, ancol d v hi nc.
Tch hi nc ra khi hn hp C thu c hn hp kh D. Ly nc cho phn ng vi Na d sinh ra 4,704 lt hiro
(ktc). Lng anken trong C thu c brom va 135 ml dung dch Br2 2M. Phn ete & ancol trong C chim th tch
16,128 lt 136,5oC, 1 atm.
1/ Tnh hiu sut ancol b loi nc bin thnh Anken. Bit rng hiu sut i vi mi anken nh nhau v s mol mi
ete bng nhau
2/ Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc ancol
Gii
10
"Li ha cho ngy mai khng bng s c gng t ngy hm nay"
Thc s Ho l thuyt v Ho l: Nguyn Xun Trung - ST: 0936 190 88 5- 0944 190 885 -THPT Hng Bng
1)
Loi nc thu c anken nn phi l ancol no n chc: CnH2n+1OH (n2)
CnH2n+1OH CnH2n + H2O (1)
CnH2n+1OH (CnH2n+1)O + H2O (2)
Na + H2O NaOH + 1/2H2 (3)
CnH2n + Br2 CnH2nBr2 (4)
(3) => S mol H2O (3) = 2.4,704/22,4 = 0,42 mol
(4) => S mol CnH2n = s mol Br2 = 0,135. 2 = 0,27 mol
S mol H2O (1) = S mol anken = 0,27 mol S
mol ete + S mol ancol d = 0,48 mol
S mol ete = s mol nc (2) = s mol nc (3) s mol nc (1) = 0,15 mol
S mol ancol (1) = s mol anken = 0,27 mol
S mol ancol (2) = 2. S mol ete = 2. S mol nc (2) = 0,33 mol
S mol ancol d = 0,48 0,15 = 0,33 mol
S mol ancol ban u: 0,27 + 0,3 + 0,33 = 0,9 (mol)
Hiu sut to anken: H = 0,27/0,9 = 30%
b). CTPT hai ancol: Mancol = 47/0,9 = 52,2 => n = 2,4
C mt ancol l C2H5OH x (mol) v ancol cn li: CpH2p+1OH : y (mol)
Ta c: x + y = 0,9
46x + y(14p + 18) = 47
y = 0,4/ (p-2) (*)
V hiu sut mi ancol nh nhau: nCpH2p+1OH = 30y/ 100 = 0,3y S
mol mi ete nh nhau: => s mol ancol bng nhau
M nete = 0,15/3 = 0,05 (mol) => nCpH2p+1OH = 0,3/2 = 0,15 mol
Sau phn ng ancol d => 0,9 > y > 0,3y + 0,15 =>0,9 > y > 0,21
Thay vo (*) => 2,4 < p < 3,9 (p nguyn dng)
Chn p =3. Vy CTPT ancol cn li l C3H7OH
Cu 16)
Hn hp A gm hai olefin. Cho A tc dng vi H2O to thnh 6,352 gam hn hp ru B c hiu sut mi phn ng
cng H2O l H = 40%. Cho mt na hn hp B tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,5824 lt kh H2. Cho mt na hn hp B
tc dng vi H2SO4 c c hh C gm 3 ete. Hiu sut phn ng to ete tng ng theo chiu tng phn t khi l
40%, 50% v 60%. ng thi nhn c 0.2376g H2O.
1/ Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon trn
2/ Xc nh cng thc cu to 2 ru bit khi cho hi ru qua CuO un nng c hai hp cht hu c X, Y , trong
X c phn ng trng bc
3/ Tnh th tch kh CO2 sinh ra (1270C ; 1,64 atm) nu t chy hon ton hn hp A
Gii
1/ Phng trnh tng qut
(1) CnH2n + H2O CnH2n+1OH (h = 40%)
(2) CmH2m + H2O CmH2m+1OH (h = 40%)
(3) CnH2n+1OH + Na CnH2n+1ONa + 1/2H2
(4) CmH2m+1OH + Na CmH2m+1ONa + 1/2H2
(5) 2CnH2n+1OH CnH2n+1 O CnH2n+1 + H2O (h = 40%)
(6) CmH2m+1OH + CnH2n+1OH CmH2m+1 O CnH2n+1 + H2O (h = 50%)

(7) 2CmH2m+1OH CmH2m+1 O CmH2m+1 + H2O (h = 60%)

Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol 3 ete (5), (6), (7) theo th t khi lng phn t tng dn th :
S mol 3 ete = x + y + z = s mol H2O = 0,2376 : 18 = 0,0132 (mol) (I)
Trong hn hp B th : s mol CnH2n+1OH : 5x + 2y (mol)
s mol CmH2m+1OH : 10z/3 + 2y (mol)
T (3), (4) => 5x + 4y + 10z/3 = 2.0,5824/22,4 = 0,052 (mol) (II)
T (I) v (II) => y + 5z/3 = 0,014
Vy s mol CmH2m+1OH trong hn hp B : 0,014.2 = 0,028 (mol)
S mol CnH2n+1OH trong hn hp B : 5x + 2y = 0,052 0,028 = 0,024 (mol)
Khi lng ca 1 na hn hp B : 0,024 (14n + 18) + 0,028 (14m + 18) = 3,176
Suy ra 6n + 7m = 40
n nguyn dng v n 2 => m 4
Ch c cp nghim tha mn : n = 2 ; m = 4
Vy CTPT hai cht ban u : C2H4 & C4H8
2/ V khi cho hn hp hai cht C2H4, C4H8 tc dng vi nc (xt) sinh ra 2 ru C2H5OH v C4H9OH. Oxi ha hai ru
bng CuO (t0) sn phm to thnh chc chn c CH3CHO (trng gng) Sn phm Y khng trng gng => C4H9OH l
CH TNG HP HU C 11 N THI HSG THNH PH 11
"Nu c m ln, nhng iu cn li l chuyn nh. - S thnh cng, l tr ca thy ^v^
ru bc hai
Vy CTCT C2H5OH : CH3 CH2 OH ;
C4H9OH : CH3 CH(OH) CH2 CH3
3/ S mol mi cht trong A : 0,024. 2 / 40% = 0,12 (mol) C2H4 ; 0,028.2 / 40% = 0,14 (mol) C4H8
=> S mol CO2 = 0,12 . 2 + 0,14. 4 = 0,8 (mol)
=> VCO2 = 0,8.1,64 / (0,8. 0,082 . 400) = 0,05 lt

Cu 17)
Hn hp 5,04 lt kh C gm hai ankan A, B k tip nhau trong dy ng ng v 1 anken A dn qua bnh ng nc
brom th c 12 gam brom phn ng va . Mt khc bit rng 11,6 gam C th lm 16 gam nc brom mt mu
1/ Xc nh cng thc phn t cc cht trong C v % khi lng A trong 11,6 gam C
2/ t chy hon ton 11,6 gam C, dn ton b sn phm qua bnh Q cha 4 lt dung dch Ca(OH) 2 0,15M. Tnh khi
lng cc cht c trong bnh Q
Gii
Trong 5,04 : 22,4 = 0,225 (mol) kh C cha 12/160 = 0,075 (mol) anken A
Trong 11,6 gam kh C cha 0,1 mol anken A
=> S mol kh ca 11,6 gam kh C = 0,1 . 0,225 / 0,075 = 0,3 mol
=> s mol ankan = 0,3 0,1 = 0,2 (mol)
=> Mhh = 11,6 / 0,3 = 38,67 g/mol
t cng thc trung bnh hai ankan CnH2n+2 (1 < n < 4 ) v cng thc anken : CmH2m ( m > 2)
Ta c 0,2. (14n + 2) + 14m. 0,1 = 11,6
=> 2n + m = 8
Bng bin lun :
m 2 3 4

n 3 2,5 2

Trng hp m = 2 v m = 4 loi v hai ankan ng ng lin tip nn n khng th l s nguyn

=> Hai Ankan l C2H6 v C3H8 ; anken l C3H6
%mC3H6 = 0,1.42 / 11,6 = 36,21%
2/ CO2 = 0,2.2,5 + 0,1.3 = 0,8 (mol) ; s mol Ca(OH)2 = 4.0,15 = 0,6 (mol)
V nCO2 : nCa(OH)2 = 0,8 : 0,6 = 1,67 (1 < 1,67 < 2)
=> To 2 mui CaCO3 (x mol) v Ca(HCO3)2 (y mol)
Bo ton C => x + 2y = 0,8
Bo ton Ca => x + y = 0,6
=> x = 0,4 ; y = 0,2
m m
CaCO3 = 0,4.100 = 40 gam ; Ca(HCO3)2 = 0,2. 162 = 32,4 gam
Cu 18)
Mt hirocacbon A c 150 < MA < 170. t chy hon ton m gam A sinh ra m gam nc A khng lm mt mu dung
dch nc brom, khng tc dng vi brom lng khi c mt bt Fe. Khi chiu sng th A tc dng vi hi brom to ra 1
dn xut monobrom duy nht. un nng A vi 1 lng d dung dch KMnO4, ri axit ha dung dch bng axit HCl, thu
c cht rn B mu trng. un khan B sinh ra 1 hp cht C ch c hai nguyn t trong phn t . Xc nh cng thc cu
to A, B, C
Gii
Gi cng thc ca A l CxHy
Phng trnh phn ng : CxHy + (x + y/4)O2 = x CO2 + y/2 H2O
=> 12x + y = 9y => x : y = 2 : 3
=> Cng thc nguyn : (C2H3)n
V 150 < MA < 170 => n = 6
Cng thc phn t ca A : C12H18
A khng phn ng vi dung dch brom => A khng c lin kt pi km bn (anken, ankin, )
A + brom/as ch thu c 1 dn xut monobrom duy nht => A c cu to i xng cao
CH3 COOH
H3C CH3 CTCT B : HOOC COOH

H3C CH3 HOOC COOH

CH3 COOH
Cng thc cu to ca C O
CO CO
OC CO
12
"Li ha cho ngy mai khng bng s c gng t ngy hm nay"
Thc s Ho l thuyt v Ho l: Nguyn Xun Trung - ST: 0936 190 88 5- 0944 190 885 -THPT Hng Bng
O O

Cu 19) CO CO
Bit rng khi hidro ha 1 mol anken bt k 1 lng nhit c thot ra nh hn so vi khi t chy 1 mol hidro. Ch ra
rng, nhit t chy ca 1 ankan bt k cao hn nhit t chy ca anken c cng s nguyn t cacbon.
Gii
Hiu ng nhit ca phn ng t chy ankan v anken :
CnH2n+2 + (3n+1)/2 O2 = nCO2 + (n+1)H2O + Q1 (1)
CnH2n + 3n/2O2 = nCO2 + n H2O + Q2 (2)
Bng hiu s nng lng ca cc lin kt c to ra trong phn t cc sn phm v nng lng b gy ca cc lin kt
trong phn t ca cc cht ban u. nh gi s lng ca hiu s ny cn phi xem xt chu trnh nhit ha hc gm
1 lot cc phn ng (1), (2) v ca qu trnh sau :
CnH2n + H2 = CnH2n+2 + Q3 (3)
H2 + 1/2O2 = H2O + Q4 (4)
Nhit cc phn ng t (1) (4) c lin h vi nhau bi : Q1 = Q2 Q3 + Q4
V Q3 > Q4 => Q1 > Q2
Cu 20)
Hn hp A gm 3 ng phn mch h X1, X2, X3 u cha C, H, O. Bit 4 gam A 136,50C ; 2 atm c cng th tch vi
3 gam C5H12 2730C, 2 atm.
1/ Xc nh cng thc phn t X1, X2, X3
2/ C 36 gam hn hp tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH c m gam NaOH. C cn dung dch c cht rn Y v hn
hp Z. Z tc dng va vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 sinh ra 108 gam Ag v dung dch T cha 2 cht hu c. in phn
dung dch T vi in cc tr, c vch ngn c hn hp kh F anot. Nung cht rn Y vi NaOH d c hn hp kh
G. un G vi Ni nhit cao c hn hp kh F gm 2 kh F1, F2 ng mol
Trn F vi F c hn hp kh G (khng c phn ng xy ra). Cho li t t G qua dung dch nc brom th khi
lng dung dch brom tng 1,75 gam.
Tnh gi tr ca m
Gii
1/ Theo bi ta c : = = = 2/1,5
=> nX = 2/1,5 . 3/72 = 4/72 mol
=> MX = 72 g/mol
Hp cht X c dng CxHyOz (M=72)
* z = 1 => 12x + y = 56 => x = 4 ; y = 8 => CTPT : C4H8O
* z = 2 => 12x + y = 40 => x = 3 ; y = 4 => CTPT : C3H4O2
V X tc dng vi NaOH cho cht rn Y v hn hp Z c cha anehit nn X 1, X2, X3 phi c chc axit, este => CTPT
l C3H4O2
2/ CTCT :
X1 : CH2 = CH COOH (x mol)
X2 : H COO CH = CH2 ( y mol)
X3 : O = CH CH2 CH = O (z mol)
X phn ng vi NaOH :
CH2 = CH COOH + NaOH CH2 = CH COONa + H2O
x x
H COO CH = CH2 + NaOH H COONa + CH3CH=O
y y
CH2 = CH COONa CH3CHO
Y Z
H COONa CH2(CHO)2
* Z phn ng trng bc :
CH3 CHO CH3 COONH4 + 2Ag
y y 2y
CH2(CHO)2 CH2(COONH4)2 + 4Ag
z z 4z
S mol Ag = 2y + 4z = 108/108 = 1 (1)
Dung dch T : CH3COONH4 & CH2(COONH4)2
* in phn dung dch T :
2CH3COO- - 2e 2CO2 + C2H6
y y/2
2CH2(COO)2- - 2e 4CO2 + C2H4
z z/2
CH TNG HP HU C 11 N THI HSG THNH PH 13
"Nu c m ln, nhng iu cn li l chuyn nh. - S thnh cng, l tr ca thy ^v^
Hn hp kh F gm C2H6 ; C2H4 v CO2
* Nung cht rn Y vi NaOH :
CH2=CH-COONa + NaOH C2H4 + Na2CO3
x x
HCOONa + NaOH H2 + Na2CO3
y y
Hn hp kh G gm x mol C2H4 v y mol H2
* un G vi Ni :
C2H4 + H2 Ni, t0 C2H6
+ Nu y > x => F gm x mol C2H6 v (y x) mol H2 d
Theo bi : x = y x => y = 2x (2)
+ Nu y < x => F gm y mol C2H6 v (x y) mol C2H4 d
Theo bi : y = x y => x = 2y (3)
* Khi trn chung F v F c G ri cho qua dung dch brom ch c C2H4 b gi li vi k/l = 1,75 g
=> s mol C2H4 = 1,75/28 = 0,0625 (mol)
Xt trng hp y > x => z/2 = 0,0625 => z = 0,125 (mol)
T (1) => y = 0,25 (mol) => x = 0,125 (mol)
Ta c x + y + z = 0,125 + 0,25 + 0,125 = 0,5 = 36/72 = 0,5 (mol) => Hp l
Xt trng hp y < x :
V C2H4 d nn x y + z/2 = 0,0625 (4)
T (3), (4) => y + z/2 = 0,0625
Kt hp vi (1) => z = 0,292 ; y < 0 => loi
Vy hn hp X cha
0,125 mol CH2=CH-COOH ; 0,25 mol HCOOCH=CH2 ; 0,125 mol OHC-CH2-CHO
m = 40 ( x + y) = 40. 0,375 = 15 (gam)

Cu 21)
thy phn hon ton 0,74 gam hn hp mt este ca hai axit monocacboxylic cn 7 gam dung dch KOH 8% trong
nc. Khi un nng hn hp este ni trn vi axit sunfuric 80% sinh ra kh, lm ngui, thu ly kh v cn. Sau cho li
t t qua dung dch brom trong nc thy trng lng kh gim 1/3, trong khi khi lng ring ca kh gn nh
khng i.
1/ Tnh khi lng mol hn hp hai este
2/ Xc nh thnh phn ca hn hp kh sau khi lm ngui v % khi lng ca chng
3/ Tnh khi lng mi este trong hn hp u.
Gii
T phng trnh phn ng thy phn este : R1COOR2 + KOH R1COOK + R2OH
=> s mol este = s mol KOH = 7.8 / (56.100) = 0,01 mol
Meste = 0,74 / 0,01 = 74 g/mol => C 2 kh nng xy ra
* C hai este u c M = 74 g/mol. Nh vy ch c th l HCOOC 2H5 v CH3COOCH3
* Mt trong 2 este c M < 74 g/mol => Ch c th l HCOOCH 3 v este cn li RCOOR
=> Trong c 2 trng hp u c mt este fomiat.
Ta bit rng khi un nng vi axit sunfuric th cc fomiat b phn hy thnh kh CO (M = 28 g/mol). Ngoi CO ra, trong
hn hp kh cn phi c 1 anken sinh ra t phn ng tch nc t phn ancol ca este.
Khi ch bin vi brom, anken c chuyn ha gn nh hon ton thnh dn xut ibrom v tch khi hn hp kh. V
khi lng ring ca hn hp kh khng thay i sau khi qua dung dch brom
=> cht kh th hai phi c cng khi lng mol nh CO => l etilen v nh vy 1 trong 2 este phi l dn xut ca
ancol etylic
+) Trc ht, ta gii thit trong hn hp c etyl fomiat HCOOC 2H5. Khi un nng hn hp vi axit sunfuric c phi
sinh ra hn hp CO v C2H4 vi s mol bng nhau.
HCOOC2H5 CO + C2H4 + H2O
V trng lng hn hp kh phi gim sau phn ng vi dung dch brom. Song theo thc t trng lng gim 1/3 =>
loi
Ta c th kt lun rng hn hp cha HCOOCH3 (a mol) v RCOOC2H5 (b mol)
HCOOCH3 CO + CH3OH
RCOOC2H5 RCOOH + C2H4
Hn hp kh cha a mol CO v b mol C2H4 ; trng lng CO gp i trng lng C2H4
=> a = 2b.
Mt khc a + b = 0,01 => a = 0,02/3 ; b = 0,01/3
Ta c 0,02.3.60 + (R + 73).0,01/3 = 0,74
=> R = 29 ng vi este etyl propionat C2H5COOC2H5
Tr li : 1/ 74 g/mol
14
"Li ha cho ngy mai khng bng s c gng t ngy hm nay"
Thc s Ho l thuyt v Ho l: Nguyn Xun Trung - ST: 0936 190 88 5- 0944 190 885 -THPT Hng Bng
2/ CO v C2H4 u l 0,28 gam
3/ 54,1 gam HCOOCH3 ; 45,9 gam C2H5COOC2H5
Cu 22)
Este E to bi 2 axit A, B v ru C. Sau khi x phng ha p gam E bng 140 ml dung dch NaOH t M ngi ta dng 80
ml dung dch HCl 0,25M trung ha c ht lng kim d, ri lm bay hi dung dch to thnh sau khi trung ha
c q gam hn hp mui khan S. Nung mui khan S vi vi ti xt v NaOH d c cht rn R v kh K l hai
hidrocacbon c t khi so vi oxi 0,625. Dn K qua nc brom d thot ra 5,376 lt kh X duy nht. Mt khc khi cho
lng cht rn R ni trn tc dng vi axit H2SO4 long d thy thot ra 8,064 lt kh CO2.Cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton. Th tch kh o ktc.
1/ Xc nh cng thc phn t, cu to ca A, B, C. Bit khi t chy 1.38 gam ru C cn dng 1,176 lt oxi ; sau phn
ng khi lng CO2 gp 11/6 ln khi lng nc.
2/ Tnh gi tr p, q, t
Gii
Vi ru C :
Khi t chy 44a + 18b = 32. 1,176/22,4 + 1,38[
V 44a/18b = 11/6
=> a = 0,045 ; b = 0,06 (b > a) => mol ru 0,015 mol
=> Ru no (CnH2n+2Ox ) => (14n + 18 + 16x).0,015 = 1,38
Bo ton O => zx + 0,0525.2 = 0,045.2 + 0,06 => z = 3 ; n = 3

CH TNG HP HU C 11 N THI HSG THNH PH 15