DAY 1 Orientation

Note: PRINT all the entries and submit the index card with your CM.

Math 24-1 Section _______

Time: ________ Room: _________

Surname, Givenname MI
Student Number/ Course and Year:
Address:
Contact Number:
Repeater/Non-Repeater in DE:
If repeater previous teacher(s) in DE:
Recent Weighted Average:
Date Today:
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 Day 2
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Ch 1.1 Basic Mathematical Models; Direction

Fields (Page 1- 10)
Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems, 10th edition, by
William E. Boyce and Richard C. DiPrima, 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Differential Equations are equations containing derivatives or differentials.

Which of the following describes a differential equation?

1. cos xdx + sin ydy = 0

2. 3x + x2y = 0

3. dy/dx = y/x + tan y/x

A differential equation describes a physical process

 The following are examples of physical phenomena involving rates of
change:
Motion of fluids
Motion of mechanical systems
Flow of current in electrical circuits
Dissipation of heat in solid objects
Population dynamics

A differential equation that describes a physical process is often called a

mathematical model.
 Example 1: Free Fall
1/2) Formulate a differential equation describing motion of an
object falling in the atmosphere near sea level. Let time t,
velocity v and taking g = 9.8 m/sec2, m = 10 kg, assuming an
air resistance coefficient (gamma) = 2 kg/sec:

dv
Ans: 9.8 0.2v v 9.8 0.2v
dt
 v 9.8 0.2v
Example 2: Sketching Direction Field

Using differential equation and table, plot slopes (estimates) on

axes below. The resulting graph is called a direction field.
(Note that values of v dependent on t.)
v v'
0 9.8
5 8.8
10 7.8
15 6.8
20 5.8
25 4.8
30 3.8
35 2.8
40 1.8
45 0.8
50 -0.2
55 -1.2
60 -2.2
 Example 2: v 9.8 0.2v
Direction Field Using Maple
If you need to graph t with respect to v(t), then use Maple Program
Sample Maple commands for graphing a direction field:
with(DEtools):
DEplot(diff(v(t),t)=9.8-v(t)/5,v(t),
t=0..10,v=0..80,stepsize=.1,color=blue);
 Example 2: v 9.8 0.2v
Direction Field Using Maple
Arrows give tangent lines to solution curves, and indicate where
solution is increasing & decreasing (and by how much).
Horizontal solution curves are called equilibrium solutions. To solve
for equilibrium solution, setting v' = 0.

Set v 0 :
9.8 0.2v 0
9.8
v
0.2
v 49
 v 9.8 0.2v
Equilibrium Solutions

In general, for a differential equation of the form

y ay b,
find equilibrium solutions by setting y' = 0 and solving for y :

b
y (t )
a

Example: Find the equilibrium solutions of the following.

1. y 2 y
2. y 5 y 3
 Mice and Owls
Write a differential equation describing mouse population in the
presence of owls. Consider a mouse population (P) that
reproduces at a rate proportional to the current population (P),
with a rate (r) constant equal to 0.5 mice/month (assuming no
owls present). When owls are present, they eat the mice.
Suppose that the owls eat 15 per day (average). Assume that
there are 30 days in a month.

dp
Ans: 0.5 p 450
dt
 Example 3: Direction Field
Draw the solution curve, and the equilibrium solution for the
mice and owl problem
p 0.5 p 450
 Steps in Constructing Mathematical
Models Using Differential Equations
Identify independent and dependent variables and
assign letters to represent them.
Choose the units of measure for each variable. Make
sure each term of your equation has the same
physical units.
Articulate the basic principle that underlies or
governs the problem you are investigating. This
requires your being familiar with the field in which
the problem originates.
The result may involve one or more differential
equations.
SUMMARY:
A differential equation describes a physical process or
a Phenomena
1. Free Fall (Newtons Second Law of Motion)
dv
9.8 0.2v
dt
2. Mice and Owl (Law of Growth and Decay)
dp
0.5 p 450
dt
These equations have the general form
y' = ay b

Equilibrium Solution:
1. y = 0
2. ES = b/a
 END OF DAY 2
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Ch 1.1 Basic Mathematical Models; Direction

Fields (Page 1- 10)
Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems, 10th edition, by
William E. Boyce and Richard C. DiPrima, 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.