CHNG IV: CHUI

1. CHUI S
1. CHUI S DNG
2. CHUI AN DU
3. CHUI C DU BT K
2. CHUI LY THA
1. CHUI LY THA
2. CHUI TAYLOR - MACLAURINT
 1. Chui s - Tng quan v chui s
nh ngha: Cho dy s {un}. Ta gi tng tt c cc
s hng ca dy (TNG V HN) un l chui s
n 1

Ta gi: 1. un l s hng tng qut ca chui

2. Tng ring th n ca chui l tng n s
hng u tin : Sn=u1+u2++un
3. Tng ca chui l gii hn hu hn (nu c)
S lim Sn
n

Khi , ta ni chui hi t. Ngc li, tc l hoc

khng tn ti gii hn hoc gii hn ra v tn th ta
ni chui phn k
Vy khi chui hi t, chui c tng un lim Sn S
n 1 n
 1. Chui s - Tng quan v chui s
V d: Tm s hng tng qut ca cc chui:
1 3 7 15 n
... 2 1
un n
2 4 8 16 2
2 22 23 24 2n
... un
1 1.2 1.2.3 1.2.3.4 n!

V d: Tnh s hng un ca cc chui

n 2 5 2 7
Tnh u5? u5
n 1 4n 1 4.5 1 19
(2n 1)!!
Tnh u6
n 1 (n 1)!
(2.6 1)!! 11!! 1.3.5.7.9.11 99
u6
(6 1)! 7! 1.2.3.4.5.6.7 48
 1. Chui s - Tng quan v chui s
V d: Tnh tng ca chui cp s nhn qn
n 0
Ta bt u t vic tnh tng ring th n ca chui
n, q 1
Sn 1 q q 2 ... q n 1 qn
,q 1
1 q
R rng khi q=1, Sn=n thchui l phn k
1
Khi |q|<1: q 0 khi n nn S lim Sn
n
n 1 q
Tc l chui hi t v c tng l S
Khi |q|>1: Dy {Sn} khng c gii hn chui phn k

Vy chui cp s nhn q n hi t khi v ch khi |q|<1

n 0
 1. Chui s - Tng quan v chui s
1 1
V d: Tnh tng ca chui n n
n 0 3 5
p dng kt qu v d trn, ta c
1 1n 1 3
n
( )
n 03 n 0 3 1 1 2
3
1 1n 1 5
n
( )
n 0 5 n 0 5 1 1 4
5
1 1 3 5 1
Vy: n n
n 0 3 5 2 4 4
 1. Chui s - Tng quan v chui s
1
V d: Tnh tng ring v tng (nu c) ca 2
n 1 4n 1
Tng ring: Sn u1 u2 ... un
1 1 1 1
Ta c: un 2
( )
4n 1 2 2n 1 2n 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2Sn ...
1 3 3 5 5 7 2n 1 2n 1
1
2Sn 1
2n 1
Tng ca chui: 1 1
S 2
lim Sn
n 1 4n 1 n 2
 1. Chui s - Tng quan v chui s
1
V d: Kho st s hi t ca chui ln(1 )
n 1 n
Tng ring:
n 1 n
Sn ln(1 ) ln(1 k ) ln k
k 1 k k 1

Sn (ln2 ln1) (ln3 ln2) ... (ln(n 1) ln n)

Sn ln(n 1)
Ta c: S n
lim Sn lim ln(n
n
1)

Vy chui cho phn k

1. Chui s - Tnh cht & iu kin cn ca s hi t
iu kin cn ca s hi t : Chui un hi t th un0
n 1

Ta thng dng iu kin ny chng minh chui

s phn k bng cch chng minh 1. lim un 0
n
2. lim un
n

V d: Cc chui sau phn k theo kccsht

n n
, v? lim un lim 1 0
n 1n 1 n n n 1
( 1)n n ( 1)n n
, v? lim 1 0
n 1 n n n
n n
n
, v? lim un lim 1 0
n 1 ( 1) n n n ( 1)n n
1. Chui s - Tnh cht & iu kin cn ca s hi t
Tnh cht 1: Tnh hi t (phn k) ca chui khng thay
i nu ta b i mt s hu hn cc phn t ca chui.
Tc l 2 chui sau cng hi t hoc cng phn k
un v? un
n 1 n p

Tnh cht 2: Cho 2 chui hi t un Q v? vn P

n 1 n 1
Cc chui sau hi t vi tng

un vn Q P, un = Q
n 1 n 1

Ch : Tng ca 1 chui HT v 1 chui PK th PK

 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
Chui s un , un 0 vi tt c cc s hng
n 1

khng m th gi l chui khng m

Khi , dy tng ring {Sn} l dy s khng gim nn
chui HT khi v ch khi dy {Sn} b chn trn
kho st s hi t ca chui s dng, chng
ta s s dng 1 trong 4 tiu chun :
1. Tiu chun tch phn Maulaurint Cauchy
2. Tiu chun so snh
3. Tiu chun Cauchy
4. Tiu chun dAlembert
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
Tiu chun tch phn Maclaurint Cauchy:
Cho hm f(x)0, lin tc v n iu gim trn [1,).
Khi y, chui f (n ) HT khi v ch khi tp f ( x )dx HT
n 1 1

V d: Kho st s hi t ca chui 1
n 1n
1
* Khi <0: un lim un
n n
Chui PK theo kccsht
* Khi =0: un 1 n lim un 1 0
n
Chui PK theo kccsht
1 tha cc iu kin ca
* Khi >0: Xt hm f ( x )
x tiu chun tch phn
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
1
Vtch phn dx hi t khi v ch khi >1 nn
1 x
1 Hi t khi >1 v phn k khi 1
Chui
n 1n

1
V d: Kho st s HT ca chui
n 2 n(ln n )

1
Xt hm f ( x ) trn [2,+), ta c
x(ln x )
f(x) khng m, hm lin tc v khi x tng th lnx tng
nn f(x) gim tc l hm f(x) tha iu kin ca tiu
chun tch phn
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
Mt khc khi 1
dx d (ln x )
1
2 x (ln x ) 2 (ln x ) 1
khi >1
( 1)(ln2)
1
Vy chui HT khi >1 v PK khi 1
n 2 n(ln n )
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
Tiu chun so snh 1:
Cho 2 chui s khng m un v? vn tha
n 1 n 1
p : un vn n p
Khi y: 1. un HT v n HT
n 1 n 1

2. v n PK un PK
n 1 n 1

Ghi nh: Chui ln HT ko theo chui nh HT v

ngc li chui nh PK ko theo chui ln PK
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
2n
V d: Kho st s hi t ca chui n
n 13 1
Ta so snh
2n 2n
un n n
vn, n
3 1 3
n n
V 2 2 n 2
n
q ,q l chui hi t
n 13 n 1 3 n 1 3
Suy ra chui cho hi t
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
Tiu chun so snh 2:
Cho 2 chui s khng m un v? vn tha
un n 1 n 1
lim K
n vn
Khi y:
1. Nu K= th un HT v n HT
n 1 n 1

2. Nu 0<K< th 2 chui cng HT hoc cng PK

3. Nu K=0 th v n HT un HT
n 1 n 1
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
Khi dng tiu chun so snh, thng xuyn ta s so
snh vi 1 trong 2 chui c bn sau
Chui cp s nhn:
n Hi t khi |q|<1 1
q q n
,q 1
n 1
Phn k khi |q|1 n 0 1 q

Chui iu ha :
1 Hi t khi >1
1n
n
Phn k khi 1
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m

V d: Kho st s hi t ca chui n 2 2n 2
3
n 1 n n 1
Ta dng T/c so snh 2 bng cch tnh khi n

Khi n th un
n 2 2n 2 1
3
vn
n n 1 n
Tc l lim un 1 (hai chui cng HT hoc cng PK)
n vn
M 1
vn l chui phn k
n 1 n 1n

Vy chui cho phn k

 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
n
1 1 n
V d: Kho st s hi t ca chui 2
n 1n n
n
1 1 n 1
Khi n th un 2 2
.e vn
n n n
1
M chui vn 2
.e hi t
n 1 n 1n

Theo tiu chun so snh 2 ta c kt qu: Chui

cho HT
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
1 2n 1
V d: Kho st s hi t ca chui ln
n 1n 1 n 1
Ta c : 1 2n 1 1 3
un ln ln 2(1
n 1 n 1 n 1 2(n 1)
1 3 ln2 1 3
un ln2 ln(1 ) ln(1 )
n 1 2(n 1) n 1 n 1 2(n 1)
Do
1 3 1 3 3
n : ln(1+ ) .
n 1 2(n 1) n 1 2(n 1) 2(n 1)2
Nn theo t/c so snh 2: chui cho PK v n l tng
ca 2 chui ln2
PK v?
1
ln(1
3
) HT
n 2n 1 n 2n 2 2(n 1)
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
1
V d: Kho st s hi t ca chui 1 n sin
n 1 n
1
Khi n th 0
n
1
Nn ta c th khai trin Maclaurint hm sin
n
Vy khi n th
1 1 1 1 1 1
un 1 n sin 1 n O( 3 )
n n 3! n 3 n 6n 2
1
M chui 2 HT Nn chui cho HT
n 1 6 n
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
n2
n e n 1
V d: Kho st s hi t ca chui 3 ln
n 2 n 1 n
Khi n : e n 2 1
2 0 Suy ra
en
n2 n2
n e n 1 n e 1
un 3
ln( ) 3
ln(1 )
n 1 n n 1 n
n2
n e 1 n 1 1
un 3
ln(1 ) 3 3
n 1 n nn n
1
M chui 3
phn k nn chui cho phn k
n 1 n
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
Tiu chun dAlembert :
Xt chui s dng: un
n 1

t : un 1 q < 1: Dn < q : chui hi t

Dn
un
Dn 1 : chui phn k
D < 1 : hi t
un 1
D lim Dn lim D > 1 : phn k
n n un

D = 1 : khng c kt lun
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
Tiu chun Cauchy :
Xt chui s dng: un
n 1

t : q < 1: Cn < q : chui hi t

Cn n un
Cn 1 : chui phn k
C < 1 : hi t
C lim Cn lim n un C > 1 : phn k
n n

C = 1 : khng c kt lun
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
Tiu chun Rapb :
(s dng khi D = 1 v Dn < 1 hoc C=1 v Cn<1)
un 1
t Rn n 1


un Hoc
Rn n
1 nu
n
R lim Rn R lim Rn
n n

R > 1 : hi t
R < 1 : phn k
R = 1 : khng c kt lun
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
V d: Kho st s hi t ca cc chui sau:
(2n 1)!
1/ 2 4
n 1 4 n
n ( n 1)
n 1
2/
n 1 n
(2n 1)!!
3/
n 1 (2n )!!(2n 1)

ln n
4/ a ,a 0
n 1
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
(2n 1)!
1/ 2 4
n 1 4 n
(2n 1)! (2(n 1) 1)!
un un 1
42 n 4 42 (n 1)4
un 1 (2n 3)! 42 n 4 n4
2 4
. (2n 2)(2n 3)
un 4 (n 1) (2n 1)! (n 1)4
un 1
lim
n un

Chui PK theo tiu chun dAlembert

 1. Chui s - Chui khng m
n ( n 1)
n 1
2/
n 1 n
n ( n 1) ( n 1)
n 1 nu n 1
un n
n n
( n 1)
nu n 1 1 1
lim n lim lim 1
n n n n 1 ( n 1) e
(1 )
n 1
Vy chui HT theo tiu chun Cauchy
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m

(2n 1)!! 1
3/
n 1 ( 2n )!! 2n 1

(2n 1)!! 1

an 1 (2n 2)!! 2n 3 (2n 1) 2
Dn
an (2n 1)!! 1 (2n 2).(2n 3)

(2n )!! 2n 1
Dn 1& lim Dn 1 khng dng tc DA c
n

(2n 1) 2
Rn n 1 Dn n 1
(2n 2)(2n 3)
 1. Chui s - Chui khng m

(2n 1) 2
Rn n 1 Dn n 1
(2n 2)(2n 3)
6n 5
n
(2n 2)(2n 3)

3
lim Rn 1
n 2

chui hi t theo tiu chun Rapb

 1. Chui s - Chui khng m

ln n
4/ a , a0
n 1
ln n
n ln n
Cn a a n v lim Cn a0 1
n
ln 1
ln( n 1) 1
a ln n ln( n 1)
n 1
Dn ln n a a v lim Dn a 0
1
a n

(Ta khng dng c tiu chun Cauchy, dAlembert)

Bin i a ln n e ln nln a n ln a

1
Suy ra chui cho l chui iu hoa ln a
n 1 n
Chui HT khi v ch khi lna>1 a>e
 1. Chui s - Chui an du
Chui s
( 1)n un u1 u2 u3 ... ( 1)n un ...,un n, n
n 1
gi l chui an du

Tiu chun Leibnitz :

un un 1
Nu th chui ( 1)n un hi t
lim un 0 n 1
n

Khi y, ta gi chui l chui Leibnitz v tng S

ca chui tha 0Su1
 1. Chui s - Chui an du
n ( 1)n
V d: Kho st s hi t ca chui 1/
n 1 n
n ( 1)n n
2/
n 2 n 1
1
1/Ta c : un n iu gim v dn v 0
n
Nn chui cho l chui Leibnitz
n
2/ un n iu gim v dn v 0
n 1
Nn chui cho l chui Leibnitz
 1. Chui s - Chui an du
V d: Kho st s hi t ca chui ( 1)n
n
n 1 n ( 1)
( 1)n
S hng tng qut ca chui un n
n ( 1)
khng th vit c di dng ( 1)n v n ,v n 0
Tc l chui trn khng l chui an du
Ta c

( 1)n ( 1)n ( n ( 1)n ) ( 1)n n 1

un
n 2n n 1 n 1
n ( 1) n ( 1)
 1. Chui s - Chui an du
n
Chui ( 1) n l chui an du hi t
n 1 n 1

1
Chui l chui s dng phn k
n 2n 1

Vy chui cho l chui PK v l tng ca 1 chui

HT v 1 chui PK
 1. Chui s - Chui an du
n
V d: Kho st s hi t ca chui ( 1)
n 1 n ln n
1
Chui an du vi un
n ln n
kho st s n iu ca dy un ta t
1 x 1
f (x) f (x) 0, x 1
x ln x x( x ln x )2
Tc l hm f(x) cng l dy {un} n iu gim v
dn v 0.

Vy chui cho HT theo Leibnitz

 1. Chui s - Chui c du bt k
Tiu chun hi t tuyt i:

Nu chui | un | hi t
n 1

Th chui un hi t
n 1

Khi : un | un |
n 1 n 1

V ta gi chui un l chui hi t tuyt i

n 1
 1. Chui s - Chui c du bt k
Ch 1: iu ngc li khng ng, tc l chui

un khng suy ra chui | un | hi t

n 1 n 1

Khi chui un HT v chui | un | PK thta

n 1 n 1

gi chui un l chui bn hi t
n 1

Ch 2: Nu dng tiu chun Cauchy hoc dAlembert

m bit c chui | un | PK th chui un
n 1 n 1
cng PK
 1. Chui s - Chui c du bt k
V d: Kho st s hi t ca cc chui sau:
n 1 1
1/ ( 1) tan sin
n 1 n n
sin n 2
2/
n
n 1 3
1 1 1 1 1
1/ Xt un tan sin
3
, khi n
n n n n
n 2
1
Chui 3 HT, suy ra chui cho HTT
n 1
n 2
n
sin n 2 1 1
2/ Xt un chui cho HTT
n n 3
3 3
 1. Chui s - Chui c du bt k

V d: Kho st s hi t ca chui n n 1
( 1)
2
n 1 2n 1
n 1
1. Chui cho l chui an du vi un
2n 2 1
R rng dy {un} n iu gim v dn v 0 nn
chui HT theo t/c Leibnitz
2. Mt khc, coi l chui c du bt k th
n 1 1
| un | , khi n
2
2n 1 2n
n 1
Tc l chui | un |
2 PK
n 1 n 1 2n 1
Vy chui cho chui bn HT
 1. Chui s - Chui c du bt k
n n2
( 1) n 1
V d: Kho st s hi t ca chui n
n 1 2 n
Ta c
n2
n 1 n 1
lim n un lim
n n 2n n
n
1 1 e
lim 1 1
n 2 n 2
Vy chui un PK theo t/c Cauchy nn
n 1
chui cho cng PK
 1. Chui s - Chui c du bt k
arcsin( 1)n
V d: Kho st s hi t ca chui
n 2 n(n 1)(n 1)

V ,n 2k
2
arcsin( 1)n
,n 2k 1
2
Nn u 1
n khi n
2 n(n 1)(n 1) 2 32
n

Vy chui cho HTT

 1. Chui s - Chui c du bt k
V d: Kho st s hi t ca chui
1 1
un , u2n 1 , u2n
n 1 3n 2 3n 1
Ta i tnh tng ring th 2n ca chui
S2n u1 u2 ... u2n 1 u2n
S2n (u1 u2 ) (u3 u4 ) ... (u2n 3 u2n 2 ) (u2n 1 u2n )
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
S2n ...
5 2 8 5 3n 1 3n 4 3n 2 3n 1
1 1 n 1 V
S2n
2 3n 2 2
S2n 1 S2n u2n 1 n 1
2
1
Vy tng ca chui S lim Sn Chui HT
n 2
 2. Chui ly tha Min hi t

Chui ly tha l chui c dng

an ( x x0 )n hay an x n a0, a1, a2, .. l hng s

n 0 n 0

S hng tng qut un(x)=an(x-x0)n (1) hoc

un(x)=anxn (2) ph thuc vo n v bin x, l 1 hm
ly tha theo x hoc (x-x0).

Ta c th t X=x-x0 v a dng (1) v thnh dng

(2) nn ta ch vit cc kt qu sau y vi s hng
tng qut dng (2)
 2. Chui ly tha Min hi t
n
Min HT ca chui ly tha an x l tp D nu
n 1
n
x x0 D chui s a x
n 0 HT
n 1

V d: Chui xn
n 0

L chui cp s nhn nn HT khi v ch khi |x|<1

Suy ra MHT ca chui l (-1,1)

 2. Chui ly tha Min hi t
1
V d: Tm MHT ca chui
n 11 x 2n
1
un ( x )
2n
xc nh vi mi x
1 x
Khi |x|<1: Cho n ta c x 2n 0
lim un 1 chui PK theo kcssht
n
1
Khi |x|=1: x 2n
1, n un , n Chui PK
2 n
1 1 1
Khi |x|>1: Cho n un
1 x 2 n ( x 2 )n | x |2
Chui HT v|x|>1
Vy MHT l (-,-1)U(1,+ )
 2. Chui ly tha Bn knh HT, Min HT
Tng qut: gi s chui ly tha an x n HT ti x=x0,
n 1

tc l chui s an x0 n HT. Theo kccsht ta c

n 1
n
a x
lim n 0 0 M 0 : an x n 0 M, n
n

Bin i s hng tng qut ca chui:

n n n
n n x n x x
an x an x 0
an x 0
M vn, n
x0 x0 x0

Nu |x|<|x0| th chui v n HT
n 1

Suy ra chui ban u HTT theo t/c so snh.

Vy ta chng minh xong nh l Abel sau y.
 2. Chui ly tha Bn knh HT, Min HT
nh l Abel :
n
Nu chui ly tha an
x HT ti x0 0 th n HTT ti
n 1

mi im x ( | x0 |,| x0 |)

n
H qu: Nu chui an x PK ti x1 th n PK vi mi x
n 1
tha |x|>|x1|

Bn knh hi t (BKHT):
S R>0 sao cho chui an x n
HT vi mi x: |x|<R v
n 1

PK vi mi x: |x|>R c gi l BKHT ca chui

 2. Chui ly tha Bn knh HT, Min HT
Cch tm BKHT ca chui ly tha
lim n | an |
n 1
t: ThBKHT l R
| an 1 |
lim
n
| an |
Cch tm MHT ca chui ly tha
Sau khi tm xong BKHT, ta ch cn xt s HT ca
chui ti 2 im x=R v x=-R na l c kt lun
 2. Chui ly tha Bn knh HT, Min HT
V d: Tm BKHT, MHT ca cc chui
n
sau
n x
1. (nx ) 2. n 2
n 1 n 1 2 .n

1. Vi chui ly tha ny, ta ang c an=nn:

lim n | an | lim n R 0
n n
BKHT R=0 tc l MHT ch gm 1 im duy nht {0}
1 n 1 1
2. an n 2 lim | an | lim n
n 2 R 2
2 .n n n 2 .n 2
Khi x=2: 1
2
l chui s dng HT
n 1n
( 1)n
Khi x=-2: 2
l chui HTT
n 1 n Vy MHT [-2,2]
 2. Chui ly tha Bn knh HT, Min HT
V d: Tm BKHT, MHT ca cc chui:
n n
x n 1 2n
1. n n
2. (x 1)
n 13 5 n 1 2n 1
n
(n 1)! x n!
3. 4.
n 1 5n n
n n
1n x

1. Chui ly tha vi BKHT R=5, MHT l (-5,5)

1 n 1 1
an n n lim | an | lim n n n R=5
3 5 n n 3 5 5
( 5)n
Khi x= 5: n n
L 2 chui PK theo kccsht
n 13 5
Ch : Khi chui s dng PK theo kccsht th chui
an du tng ng cng PK theo kccsht
 2. Chui ly tha Bn knh HT, Min HT
n
n 1
2. Chui ly tha vi an , X ( x 1)2 0
2n 1
n
n 1 1
n
lim | an | lim n R=2
n n 2n 1 2
n
n 1
Ta ch xt X=2: 2n Chui PK theo kccsht v
n 1 2n 1
3
2n 1 n 2n 1
n 3
2n 2 3 3 2
un 1 n e 0
2n 1 2n 1

Suy ra, chui cho HT khi

0 X 2 0 (x 1)2 2 1 2 x 1 2
Vy BKHT R=2, MHT: (1-2, 1+2)
 2. Chui ly tha Bn knh HT, Min HT
(n 1)!
3. Chui ly tha vi an
5n
| an 1 | n! 5n n R=0
lim lim n 1 . lim
n | an | n 5 (n 1)! n 5
Vy BKHT R=0, MHT l {0}
 2. Chui ly tha Bn knh HT, Min HT
n! 1
4. Chui ly tha vi an n
,X
n x
n n
| an 1 | (n 1)! n n 1
lim lim n !
. lim
n | an | n (n 1) n! n n 1 e
R=e
Khi X=e: n ! n
n
e
n 1n
un 1 (n 1)! en 1 n n e
Dn n 1
. n n
n 1
un (n 1) n!e 1 1
n
n n 1
Tuy nhin, v 1 1 e 1
1
, n
n n
Nn Dn<1. Vy chui PK theo t/c dAlembert
 2. Chui ly tha Bn knh HT, Min HT
n! 1
4. Chui ly tha vi an n
,X , R=e
n x

Khi X=-e: n! n n n! n
n
( e) ( 1) n e
n 1n n 1 n
Chui tr tuyt i PK theo tiu chun dA nn n
cng PK
Suy ra, chui cho HT khi
x 1
1 1 e
X e e x
x e x 1
e
Vy BKHT R=e, MHT (-,-1/e)U(1/e,+ )
 2. Chui ly tha Tnh tng chui
n
Tnh cht ca chui ly tha: an x (1)
n 1
Cho chui (1) vi BKHT l R, MHT l D v trong D
c tng l S(x) Ta c cc kt lun sau:
1. Hm S(x) lin tc trong MHT D
2.Trong MHT D, ta c th ly o hm tng s hng
ca chui v c chui ly tha cng c BKHT l R

S (x) an x n an ( x n ) an nx n 1, x ( R, R )
n 1 n 1 n 1

3.Trong MHT D, ta c th ly tch phn tng s hng

ca chui v c chui ly tha cng c BKHT l R
x x x xn 1
S(t )dt ant ndt an t ndt an , x ( R, R )
0 0n 1 n 1 0 n 1 n 1
 2. Chui ly tha Tnh tng chui
V d: Tmn BKHT v tnh tng cc chui sau
x n
1. 2. nx
n 1 n n 1

xn
3. ( 1)n 2nx 2n 1
4. 2
n 1 n 1n n
1
1. Chui c an D dng suy ra R=1.
n
xn
Ta tnh tng vi x trong khong (-1,1). t S( x )
n 1 n
xn n 1 1
S (x) x , x ( 1,1)
n 1 n n 1 1 x
x 1
Vy: S( x ) dt ln(1 x ), x ( 1,1)
01 t
 2. Chui ly tha Tnh tng chui
2. D dng thy R=1, x ( 1,1) ta t
n n 1
S( x ) nx x nx
n 1 n 1

n 1 (1 x ) x( 1)
S( x ) x x x x x
n 1 1 x (1 x )2
x
S( x ) 2
, x ( 1,1)
(1 x )
 2. Chui ly tha Tnh tng chui
3. D dng thy R=1, x ( 1,1) ta t
n 2n 1
S( x ) ( 1) 2nx ( 1)n x 2n
n 1 n 1

( x 2 )n
n 1

2 1
( x )
1 ( x )2
2 x(1 x 2 ) x 2.2 x
(1 x 2 )2
2x
Vy: S( x ) 2 2
, x ( 1,1)
(1 x )
 2. Chui ly tha Tnh tng chui
4. D dng thy R=1, x ( 1,1) ta t
xn n 1 1 xn xn
S( x ) 2
x
n 1n n n 1 n n 1 n 1 n n 1n 1
n
x 1 xn 1
S( x )
n 1 n x n 1n 1
xn xn x 1
S( x ) S dng kt qu cu 1.
n 1 nn 1 n x1
1
S( x ) ln(1 x ) ln(1 x ) x
x
1
Vy : S( x ) ln(1 x ) 1 1, x ( 1,1)
x
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
Cho hm f(x) kh vi v hn ln trong ln cn ca x0
Ta gi chui Taylor ca f(x) l chui
(n )
f ( x0 )
( x x0 )n
n 0 n!
Khi x0=0, ta c chui Maclaurint ca hm
f ( n ) (0) n
x
n 0 n!

Tuy nhin, cc chui trn cha chc HT vi mi

x, tc l cha chc chng c tng tng c th
bng f(x).
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
nh l: (iu kin hm f(x) c th khai trin thnh
chui Taylor)
Gi s trong ln cn (x0-R,x0+R), hm f(x) tha
1. f(x) kh vi v hn ln
2. Tn ti hng s C>0: |f(n)(x)|Cn, vi mi n
(n )
th f ( x ) f ( x0 )
(x x0 )n , x ( x0 R, x0 R)
n 0 n!

Ch : Trong khi lm bi, ta s khng kim tra 2 iu

kin trn c chui Taylor ca hm f(x) m ta s s
dng cc kt qu sau y ch ra MHT ca chui
Taylor - Maclaurint
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
Mt s chui Maclaurint c bn
n
x
1 / e , M H T :D R
x

n 0
n!

x n , 1 (1)n x n , D 1,1
1
2/
1 x n 0 1 x n 0

( 1)...( n 1)
3 / 1 x 1
n
x
n 1
n!
R , N
1,1 , 0

D
1,1 , 1 0
1,1 , 1
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
n
n 1 x
4 / ln(1 x ) (1) , D 1,1
n 1
n

2n 1
x
5 / sin x (1) n

n 0
(2n 1)!
2n DR
x
cos x (1)n
n 0
(2n )!
2n 1
x
6 / arctan x (1)n , D 1,1
n 0
2n 1
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
V d: Tm chui Maclaurint cc hm:
x
1. f ( x ) 2. f ( x ) ln(2 - 3 x x2)
x2 5x 6
1. f ( x ) x 1 1
2
x
x 5x 6 x 3 x 2
n n
1 1 1 1 1 x 1 x
x x
31 x 21 x 3n 0 3 2n 0 2
3 2
1 1 n 1
Vy: f ( x ) n 1 n 1
x MHT: (-2,2)
n 0 2 3
x x
Chui HT nu 1 1 v? 1 1 -2<x<2
3 2
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
2. f(x)=ln(2-3x+x2) = ln((1-x)(2-x)) = ln(1-x) + ln(2-x)
x
f ( x ) ln(1 ( x )) ln2 ln(1 ( ))
2
n 1 n 1 n
( 1) n ( 1) x
f ( x ) ln2 ( x)
n 1 n n 1 n 2
1 1 n
f (x) ln2 1 n
x MHT: (-1,1)
n 1n 2
1 x 1
Chui HT nu x 1 x 1
1 1
2
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
2
V d: Tm chui Maclaurint hm: f ( x ) ln x 1 x

x
1 1


Ta tnh f ( x ) 1 x
2 1
1 x 2 2

x 1 x2 1 x2
Tm chui Maclaurint ca hm f(x):
1 1 1
1 2 2 2 4


f (x) 1 x x
2 2!
1 1 1 1 n 1

2 2 2 x
2n
n!
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint

n 1.3.5...(2n 1) 2n
f ( x ) 1 (1) n
x
n 1 2 n!
Hm khai trin c nu 0 x 2 1 1 x 1
x
Suy ra: f ( x ) f (t )dt f (0)
0

x

n 1.3.5...(2n 1) 2n 1
ln x 1 x 2
(1) x
n 1 2 n !(2n 1)
n

MHT : 1 x 1
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
V d: Tm chui Taylor ln cn x0=3 ca hm
1
f (x)
x 1
t X=x-3
n
1 1 2 1 n x 3
f (x) ( 1)
2 (x 3) 21 x 3 2n 0 2
2
( 1)n n
f (x) n 1
(x 3)
n 0 2

MHT: (1,5)
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
Ngoi vic p dng khai trin cc hm c bn thnh
chui Maclaurint vo vic tm chui Taylor , chui
Maclaurint cc hm bnh thng. Ta cn c th p
dng tnh tng cc chui ly tha, chui s
V d: Tnh tng ca chui ly tha
( x )n
, x ( 1,1)
n 0 n( n 1)
( 1)n
Chui trn l chui ly tha vi an
n(n 1)
Nn d thy BKHT R=1, tc l vi -1<x<1 ta t
( x )n
S( x )
n 0 n( n 1)
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
n 1
n 1
S( x ) ( 1) x
n 0 n n 1
( 1)n 1 n 1 ( 1)n n 1
( 1) x x
n 0 n xn 1
( 1)n 1
n 1 ( 1)n n 1
( 1) x x
n 0 n x n 0 n 1
1 ( 1)n 1 n
( 1)ln(1 x ) x 1
x n 0 n
1
( 1)ln(1 x ) ln(1 x ) 1
x
Vy: ( x )n 1 1 1
1 ln , x (-1,1)
n 0 n( n 1) x 1 x x
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
V d: Tnh tng ca chui n 1 n 1
x
n 1 (2n )!!

n 1 n
x 1 n 1
x.x n n.x n x n
x
n 1 (2n )!! n 1 2.4.6...(2n ) n 1 2n.n !
n n
n x 1 x
x
n 1n! 2 n 1n! 2
n 1 n
x 1 x 1 x
x
2 n 1(n 1)! 2 n 1n! 2
2 n n
x 1 x 1 x
x 1
2 n 0 n! 2 n 0 n! 2
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
n 1 n 1 x2 x 2 x
2
x e x (e 1)
n 1 (2n )!! 2
x2 x
2
x e x, x
2
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
V d: S dng khai trin Maclaurint hm di du
tch phn bng chui, tnh tch phn
1 1
I ln dx
0 1 x
n
Ta c: ln 1 n 1 ( x )
ln(1 x ) ( 1)
1 x n 1 n
Thay vo tch phn trn
n
1 ( x ) ( 1)n 1 1 1
I ( 1)n dx ( x )n dx
0n 1 n n 1 n 0 n 1n n 1
Ta tnh tng ca chui s bng nh ngha
Tng ring : Sn = u1+u2++un v tng S
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sn ...
1 2 2 3 3 4 n n 1
1
Sn 1 n -1
n 1

Vy 1 1
I ln dx 1
0 1 x
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
V d: Tnh tng cc chui s sau
n.5n ( 2)n
1. 3.
n 0 n! n 1 n( n 2)7n 1

22n 1 ( 1)n 1.2.5.8...(3n 4)

2. 4.
n 1 (2n )!! n 1 23n 1.n !

1. n.5n 5n 1 5n
0 5 5 e5
n 0 n! n 1 ( n 1)! n 0 n!

2. 22n 1 2.22n 2.22n 2n

n
2
n 1 (2n )!! n 1 2.4.6...(2n ) n 1 2 n! n 1 n!

2n
2 1 2(e2 1)
n 0 n!
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
n n n
3. ( 2) ( 1) 2 1 1 1
n 1 n( n 2).7n 1 n 1 7.7n 2 n n 2
n
1 n 2 1 1
( 1)
14 n 1 7 n n 2
n 1 n n 1 n 2 2
1 ( 1) 2 1 ( 1)( 1) 2 7
14 n 1 n 7 14 n 1 n 2 7 2
n 2
1 2 1 49 ( 1)n 1
2 2 1 2
ln(1 )
14 7 14 4 n 1 n 7 7 2 7
( 2)n 45 9 3
ln
n 1 n( n 2).7n 1
56 7 14
 2. Chui Taylor - Maclaurint
n 1
4. ( 1) .2.5.8...(3n 4)
n 1 23n 1.n !
1 1 1 1
.( 1)( 2)...( (n 1)).3n
3 3 3 3
n 1 2 1.23n.n !
1 1 1 1
.( 1)( 2)...( (n 1)) n
3 3 3 3 3
2
n 1 n! 8
1
3 3 11 3
2 1 1 23 2 11 2
8 8