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 001.891:621
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Edition of the manual is provided within the financial support by the EU
Commission in the frameworks of Tempus Project "Computer Aided
Industrial Design Training for Ukrainian Engineers".
This publication reflects the views only of the author and the Commission
cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the
information therein.

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The following higher education institutions are involved in project
realization:

Zhytomyr State Technological University


National Technical University
Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute

Zaporizhzhya National Technical University

National Aviation University

.
Technical University of Dresden

.
Technical University of Liberec
4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ABSTRACT

The textbook is prepared according to the curriculum master's

course "Automated industrial design" on a speciality 8.05050201
"Technology of mechanical engineering", developed within the limits of
Joint European Project Tempus "Computer Aided Industrial Design
Training for Ukrainian Engineers" on department "Integrated
technologies of mechanical engineering" M.F. Semka's name of national
technical university "Kharkiv polytechnical institute". In the textbook
the basic scientific approaches, methods of search of new technical
decisions and capability of the integrated systems of designing which
are used at engineering and scientific activity are presented. The
textbook is intended for master of technical universites which study a
course "Methods of scientific researches", and also can be to useful
students of all engineering specialities and post-graduate students.
The discipline "methods of scientific researches" is called to play
a key role realization of creative potential of the engineering and
scientific staff, and also in reorganization and increase of efficiency of
their work. First, providing growth of a share of students which be a
demon for work and independently, as a result getting an active position
and the raised creative potential - very actual qualities for the young
engineer or scientist. Secondly, multiple increases in a share of master's
projects which contain creative engineering decisions. Thirdly, raising
volume of intellectual production on faculty in the form of patents for
the inventions made by teachers and students, and also in the form of the
offers developed and realized in practice concerning new engineering
and design decisions.
Authors express sincere gratitude to Professor V.L. Dobroskok
for remarks to the manuscript.
 5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword ............................................................................................... 9
Chapter 1. SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO STUDYING AND
PERFECTION OF TECHNICAL PRODUCTS ................................. 11
1.1. Kinds of scientific and technical research
and their essence .............................................................. 11
1.2. The general concept about methods of scientific
researches and their classification .................................... 14
1.3. Methods of empirical and theoretical researches ............... 16
1.3.1. Methods of empirical research .............................. 16
1.3.2. Methods of theoretical research ............................. 18
1.3.3. General methods of scientific research .................. 23
1.4. Methodological approaches in scientific research .............. 30
1.4.1. System-structural approach ................................... 30
1.4.2. Synergetic approach .............................................. 34
Questions for the independent control ...................................... 38
Chapter 2. THE ANALYSIS OF TASKS AND SYNTHESIS OF
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DECISIONS AT DESIGNING
PRODUCTS ........................................................................................ 39
2.1. The basic stages of solution process of the design
tasks and their methodological maintenance .................... 39
2.2. Statement of task ................................................................ 44
2.3. Analysis of a technical task ................................................ 47
2.4. The formulation of a task conditions, search
ideas of the decision ......................................................... 50
2.5. Synthesis of the new technical decision ............................. 57
Questions for the independent control ...................................... 59
Chapter 3. SEARCH METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
DECISIONS ........................................................................................ 60
3.1. General concepts about methods of search ........................ 60
3.2. Associative methods of search ........................................... 62
3.3. Methods of test questions ................................................... 65
3.4. Brainstorm. Synectics ......................................................... 68
3.5. Morphological analysis ...................................................... 72
3.6. Generalized heuristic method.............................................. 75
6
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.7. Other methods of search of technical decisions ................. 80

Questions for the independent control ...................................... 85
Chapter 4. OPPORTUNITIES INTEGRATED SYSTEMS OF
DESIGNING FOR DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTS .................... 86
4.1. General data about the integrated systems of products
designing ........................................................................... 86
4.2. Methods of the decision of engineering problems at a design
stage of technical products and systems .......................... 90
4.2.1. Bases of a finite elements method ................................... 90
4.2.2. Methods of optimization in the engineering analysis ...... 98
4.3. Opportunities of performance of engineering problems by use
of software COSMOS .................................................... 108
4.3.1. Purpose of the software .................................................. 108
4.3.2. Theoretical base ............................................................. 109
4.3.3. The interface .................................................................. 111
4.3.4. Functionalities ............................................................... 118
Questions for the independent control .................................... 122
The literature list ...................................................................... 123
Appendix 1. A universal method designing of technical products .... 125
ppendix 2. The computer integrated systems of designing.............. 133
 7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

........................................................................................9
1.
..........................11
1.1. - ..11
1.2.
...........................................................14
1.3. ..........16
1.3.1. .......................16
1.3.2. .....................18
1.3.3. .................23
1.4. ..........30
1.4.1. - ..............................30
1.4.2. ...........................................34
......................................38
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.....................................39
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...........................................39
2.2. ...............................................................44
2.3. ......................................................47
2.4. , .............50
2.5. ...................................57
......................................59
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................................................................................................60
3.1. ...............................60
3.2. ..............................................62
3.3. .............................................65
3.4. . ............................................68
3.5. .......................................................72
3.6. ....................................75
3.7. ............................80
......................................85
8
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4.
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4.1.
......................................................86
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.....................90
4.2.1. .............................90
4.2.2. ...................98
4.3.
COSMOS ..................................108
4.3.1. ......................................................108
4.3.2. .............................................................109
4.3.3. ........................................................................111
4.3.4. ..........................................128
....................................122
...................................................................123
1.
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...........................................................133
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 123
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16. .. . .: , 1978. 128
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32. COSMOSDesignSTAR 4.5 Nonlinear User's Guide.
Structural Research and Analysis Corporation, USA, 2004.
 1 125
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3D- .
T-FLEX CAD (: www.tflex.com, - -
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CAD " ".
:
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bCAD (: www.propro.ru, - ProPro Group,
).
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).
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ViaGrafix, ).
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Design Systems, Inc., ).

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(: www.ason.ru, - , ).
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134
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CADkey (: www.cadkey.com, Baystate
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Surface Express (: www.mcsaz.com, MCS,
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McNeel & Associates, ).
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CADdy (: www.caddy.de, www.caddy.ru,
ZIEGLER-Informatics GmbH, ).
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).
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SolidWorks Corporation, ).
CAD p
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Parasolid.
SolidEdge (: www.ug.eds.com, www.ugsolutions.ru,
Unigraphics Solutions, ).
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. Sold Edge

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 2 135
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Think3 (: www.think3.com, thnk3, Inc.,
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Ltd., ).
Cimatron - CAD/CAM - ,
, -
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TEBIS (: www.tebis.de, Tebis AG,
).
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www.verosoftware.com, Vero International, Inc., ).
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HELIX (: www.microcadam.co.uk,
MicroCADAM Ltd., ).
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Inc., ).
Alias/Wavefront (: www.aw.sgi.com,
Alias/Wavefront, ).

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, ,
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CoCreate (: www.cocreate.com, CoCreate
Software, Inc., ).

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136
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.
VX VISION (: www.vx.com, Varimetrix
Corp., Ltd., ).
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,

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 2 137
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Power Solutions (: www.delcam.com,

DELCAM Plc., ).
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ESPRIT (: www.dptechnology.com, DP
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, .
MasterCAM (: www.mastercam.com, CNC
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DASSAULT SYSTEMES () IBM ().
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 2 139
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, ,
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I-DEAS Master Series (: www.sdrc.com, -
Structural Dynamics Research Corporation, ).
-DEAS Master Seres
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ADAMS (: www.adams.com, www.adams.ru,
- Mechanical Dynamics, ).

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140
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DYNAMIC DESIGNER ( - Mechanical Dynamics,

).
Machancal Desktop

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ANSYS (: www.ansys.com, www.ansys.ru, -
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 2 141
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.
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.
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.
AutoSEA, : www.vasci.com, www.cadfem.ru,
- VASCi (Vibro Acoustic Sciences), .

142
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.
LVMFlow (: www.intersed.kiev.ua).
CAM- ' 3D

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QFORM3D (: www.intersed.kiev.ua).
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 2 143
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
144
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,
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2009 ., .

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116 10.07.2000 .
61002, , . , 21
.

21 24.03.2000 .
61057, . , . 11/13
. (057) 714-38-74, 706-31-73

" - "
61057, . , . 11/13
. (057) 714-38-74, 706-31-73