The Design and Discussion of a Micro Gas Turbine Engine

(UAV)

MEMS

4.76cm 2.40cm

300000rpm 100

1-1

AMT JET CAT

1-1

1-2

(1)10

10 1990

JPX-T260P( 11 11.61in.

121800rpm)

UAV

UAV UAV

UAV

60 ( 1-2) 15

90 91 P-15

2
 (2)1

M-DOT

86 1.4

Microturbojet Engine

1-3 1-5

(3)

(MIT) 1.2

0.125Nt

MIT

50W

1-6 1-7

1-3

1 MIT

3
50W

UAV

1-4

100

(1) 5

(2) 304

(3) 600

(4) 300000rpm

(5) 2

(6) 100

CNC

(1)

(2)

5
 (3)

(4)

(Brayton Cycle)

2-1

6
(1) (Compressor):

(2) (Diffuser):

(impeller)

(3) (Combustor):

(4) (Turbine Inlet Guide Vane):

(5) (Turbine):

(6) (Nozzle):

8
2-2

2-2-1

(1): ( 5cm )

(2): CNC

(3)

(4) 304 ( 600 )

(5)100

2-2-2

(1) p

Kamps[5] 66cm

99495rpm 1.898 MIT

9
 microengine 4

(2) (critical rotational speed) Wcr

(critical angular speed)

(a) WC () WT ():

3EI
WC WT =
m(1 + C )C 2

E : (modulus of elasticity of

material)

E steel = 210 10 9 N
m2

( )
I = d o d i 64 :(moment of inertia)
4 4

d o :

10
 d i :

C :(distance from the

wheel C.G to the first bearing)

m :(wheel mass)

(b)(shaft) WW :

2.47 E
WW = d
l 2
s

d :

l :(bearing space)

s :

(c) Wcr :
1 1 1 1
2
= 2
+ 2
+ 2
Wcr WC WT WW

11
2-2-3

(Brayton Cycle)

2-1

0.01
h=0(sea level)
M=0.01

Pa =1.01325 bar

Ta =288.15 K

a =1.225 kg
m3

a =340.3 m s

12
 c p =1.005 kJ (kg C )

=1.4

0.9

0.65 0.75

0.75 0.7 0.8

4%

p 2

(turbine inlet temperature) T3 873K

c 0.75

t 0.7

m 0.8

b 0.7

Pb 10%

(1)

P1 Pa

0.04 M P1 C a

P01

13
 C a21
P01 = P1 +
2g

= 1.01325 + 1.225
(0.04 340.3)2
2 980

= 1.203 (bar)

T01

2
C
T01 = Ta + a
2c p

= 288.15 +
(0.04 340.3)
2

2 1.005
= 380.33K

(2)

P
P02 = 02 P01 = 2 1.203 = 2.406 (bar)
P01

( 1)
T01 P02 308.33
T02 T01 =
c P01
1 = [ ]
21 3.5 1 = 90.04 (K)
0.75

T02 = T01 + 90.04 = 288.16 + 90.04 = 378.2 (K)

14
(3)

Wt = Wc m

c p (T02 T01 ) 1.005 90.04

T03 T04 = = = 98.5 (K)
c pg m 1.148 0.8

c pg

304

600 C T03 = 873K

T04 = T03 98.5 = 873 98.5 = 774.5 (K)

4%

P
P03 = P02 1 b = 2.406(1 0.1) = 2.165 (bar)
P02

(4)

0.65 0.75

0.7

T04 = T03
1
(T03 T04 ) = 873 98.5 = 732.3 (K)
t 0.7

15


1
T
4
732.3
P04 = P03 04 = 2.165 = 1.07 (bar)
T03 873

T(K) P(bar)

(a) 288.15 1.01325

(01) 380.33 1.203

(02) 378.2 2.406

(03) 873 2.165

(04) 774.5 1.04

T-P 2-2

2-2-4

(1)(Compressor)

(diffuser)

16


:?

p 2 N 300000rpm

d C 2 16mm d C1 4mm

p =2

N =300000rpm

d C1 =0.004m

d C 2 =0.016m

U C 2
U C 2 = d C 2 N 60
= 0.016 300000 60

= 251.33 (m/s)

AC1

( )
AC1 = d C2 2 4

17
 = 0.000201(m 2 )

AC 2
AC 2 = d C 2 bC
= 0.016 0.004
= 0.0002m 2

50lbf~100lbf

100g

/ 30:1

0.0033 kg
s

m&
C a1 =
1 A1
0.0033
=
1.2 0.000201

= 13.7 m( s)

U C1 = d C1 N 60
= 0.004 300000 60

= 62.83(m )
s

18


50 3-5 4

(2)(Turbine)

304 (max.

turbine blade temperature) TTMAX

(max.peripheral speed) U MAX :

TTMAX = 600C

U MAX = 250 m
s

d T1 = 10mm = 0.01m

d T 2 = 4mm = 0.004m

19


U T 1 = d T 1 N 60 = 157.08 m ( s)
U T 2 = d T 2 N 60 = 62.83 m ( s)

A04 =
(d 2
T1 d T22 )
= 0.000066(m 2 )
4

d T 2

(max. rotational speed) n MAX

U MAX
n MAX =
dT 2

:
U MAX
n MAX =
dT 2
250
=
0.01

= 5305.16 m
s
= 318309.6rpm

300000rpm

20


(thermal expansion) l :
l = l T

steel = 0.000012

()

:
d T = d T 2 d T

(casing)

3-10 10 11

(3)(diffuser):

3-5

4 5

(4)(combustor):

21


[4]

C d

3-6 3-7 3-8 6

(5)(turbine inlet guide vane):

3-9 8 9

22


(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)

23


3-1

3-1

(1)

24


0.75mm 3-2

0.5cm

(2)

3-3 3-4

(3)

3-5

25
(4)

3-6 3-7

(5)

3-8

(6)

3-9

(7)

26


3-10

(8)

3-9

3-11 3-12

3-13 3-16

27
3-2

3-17

(1)

3-18

3-19

(2)

28
(3)

3-20

3-21 3-23

3-24

(4)

3-23 3-24 120

3-25 3-26

(5)

29


3-27

3-28

(6)

/(A/D

) pc

(7)

K-type

K-type 800

3-29 3-30

30


(8)

3-31

3-3

31


4-1

()
20
103
72

(1)

32
 (2)

4-2

33
4-3

p 2

c 0.75

t 0.7

m 0.8

b 0.7

Pb 4%

34


5-1

(1)

(2) 10

(3)

4.76

2.4 80

(4)

35


(5) /

5-2

4 -

36


[1] Zurita-Ugalde, V., Gomez-Mancilla, J. C., and Garcia-Cristiano, F.,

A Simple Method for Geometry Definition of Radial Compressor,

International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines, vol.18, pp.31-36,

2001.

[2] Kong, C., A Study on Straight Flow Annular Combustor for Small

Scale Turbojet Engine, International Journal of Turbo and Jet

Engines, vol.18, pp.157-167, 2001.

[3] , ,

, 2002.

[4] , ,

, 1999

[5] Kamps, T., Model Jet Engine, Traplet, UK, 1995.

[6] Schreckling, K., Gas Turbines for Model Aircraft, Traplet, UK, 1994.

[7] , The Effect of Volute on the Performance of Radial Flow

Pumps, , 1997.

[8] , ,

, 1996.

37
[9] Epstein, A. H. et al, The MIT Microengine Project, AIAA Paper ,

MA 02139, 1997.

[10] DeCourtye, D., Sen, M., and Gad-el-Hak, M., Analysis of Viscous

Micropumps and Microturbines, International Journal of

Computational Fluid Dynamics, vol.10 , pp. 13-25, 1998.

[11] Liu, F., and Sirignano, W. A., Turbojet and Turbofan Engine

Performance Increase Through Turbine Burners, Journal of

Propulsion and Power, vol.17, NO.3, May-June, 2001.

[12] Tsai, B. J., Chang, C. Y., and Ho, W. C., Overall Performance

Measurements of Annular Combustors Used in P-60 Miniature

Turbojet Engine, International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines,

vol.18, pp. 133-143, 2001.

[13] , ,

, 2001.

[14] , , , , 1987.

[15] , , , ,

2000.

[16] , , , 1978.

[17] , , , , 1973.

38
[18], ,
, 2002.NSC90-2212-E-007-100,
2001

39
 (lb)
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 1-2 P-60

41
 1-3 M-DOT Microturbojet Engine

42
 1-4 M-DOT Microturbojet Engine

43
 1-5 M-DOT Microturbojet Engine

44
 1-6 MIT

45
 1-7 MIT

46
 2-1

47
 2-2 T-P

48
 3-1

49
 3-2

50
 3-3

51
 3-4

52
 3-5

53
 3-6

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 3-7

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 3-8

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 3-9

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 3-10

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 3-11

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 3-12

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 3-13

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 3-14

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 3-15

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 3-16

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 3-17

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 3-18

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 3-19

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 3-20

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 3-21

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 3-22

70
 3-23

71
 3-24

72
 3-25

73
 3-26

74
 3-27

75
 3-28

76
 3-29 K-type

77
 3-30

78
 3-31

79


80
 1

81
 2

82
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84
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85
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88
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89
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90
 11

91
 12

92
 13

93
 14

94
 15

95
 ABSTRACT

Subject : The Design and Discussion of a Micro Gas Turbine Engine

Student : Yau-Cheng Li

Advisor : Shih-Hsiung Chen

The micro gas turbine engine has a good potential for UAV

propulsion and power generation applications. Whereas the turbine

engine with thrust level below 1 lbf is non-exist, except the MIT micro

turbine made by MEMS technology. The objective of the present study is

trying to design a 100g thrust level micro turbine engine. The approach of

the design is similar to that used in 10 lbf thrust level micro turbine

engines. The basic requirement is that the engine components can be

made by traditional precision machining methods. The designed micro

turbine engine has a overall dimension of 4.76 cm in length, and 2.40 cm

in diameter. The thrust is 100 g at 300000 rpm. A test bed to measure

basic performance parameters is built to verify the design for future

design improvement.

II


III


IV


VI

I

II

III

VII

IV

XII

1-1 1

1-2 2

1-3 3

1-4 4

2-1 6

2-2 9

2-2-1 9

2-2-2 9

VII
 2-2-3 12

2-2-4 16

24

3-1 24

3-2 28

3-3 31

32

4-1 32

4-2 33

4-3 34

35

5-1 35

5-2 35

37

92

VIII


1-1 40

1-2 P-60M-DOT 41

1-3 Microturbojet Engine 42

1-4 M-DOT Microturbojet Engine 43

1-5 M-DOT Microturbojet Engine 44

1-6 MIT 45

1-7 MIT 46

2-1 47

2-2 T-P 48

3-1 49

3-2 50

3-3 51

3-4 52

3-5 53

3-6 54

3-7 56

3-8 57

3-9 58

IX
 3-10 59

3-11 60

3-12 61

3-13 62

3-14 63

3-15 64

3-16 65

3-17 66

3-18 67

3-19 68

3-20 69

3-21 70

3-22 71

3-23 72

3-24 73

3-25 74

3-26 75

3-27 76

3-28 77

X
 3-29 K-type 78

3-30 79

3-31 80

XI


1 81

2 82

3 83

4 84

5 85

6 86

7 87

8 88

9 89

10 90

11 91

12 92

13 93

14 94

15 95

XII


A1

A04

A3

AC 2

bC

C04

C1

C2

C3

Ca1

Cd

Cg

Cp

Cr 2

C 04

XIII
Cv

d3

d4

do

di

d C1

dC2

dT1

dT 2

E (modulus of elasticity of material)

I (moment of inertia)

l (bearing space)

l (thermal expansion)

m& (mass flow rate)

n MAX

Pa

XIV
PD1

P01

P02

P03

P04

Pb

Ta

T1

T2

TD1

T01

T02

T03

T04

Tmax

Tmin

XV
TG 2

TTMAX

U MAX

U C1

UC2

U T1

UT 2

WC (Compressor)

Wcr (critical rotational speed)

WT

WW

p max

XVI
 st

XVII