2016 1

`4` ` ()
`

1. . 4. A B .
2A( g) B( g)

() / A ( g ) .
. 30C 50C ,
B( g) ? (, A
() ? , 0 .)[3]

He N O CO CaO [B] [B] [B]

50C
50C 30C
30C 50C 30C

0 0 0

[B] [B]
50C 30C

30C 50C
2.
0 0
.

5. 2 .
() () a a
.
?
.
A
. B
. a a C
. D

.
() ()

()
? (, A~D
()
.)[3]
1 3 5
1 2
2 2 2
3. 4 .

(C)
NH 117 -33

PH 134 -88 6. A () () .

AsH 178 -63 A

SbH 125 -17 (g) (g) (g/mL) (m) (M)
() 1400 100 - - -
4 <>
() 1000 100 1.05 a b
?
<` `> () () () a, b ()
?
. NH .
. PH AsH .
. SbH . 20 % a>b 20 % a<b
25 % a>b 25 % a<b
, , , , 25 % a=b

11
32

.
2 ()
7. () 1 X(s) 1 kg , () X 10. 25C, 1 ,
. 2 25C (E )
. 25C (E ) 1.10 V

(K) () .

T
C 1


A B
A(s) B(s)

0 0 T (K)

() ()

<> 1 M A (aq) 1 M B (aq)

?[3]
<` `> A` (aq)`+`2e` ` A(s) E =-0.76 V
. T = T . B` (aq)`+`2e` ` B(s) E = a V (a>0)
. X 1 kg B A .
<>
. C X .
? (, A B .)
, , , , <` `>
. a = 0.34 .
. .
. 25C A(s)`+`2H (aq) A` (aq)`+`H( g)
( G) 0 .
8. 25C O( g) .
, , ,
O( g) a kJ/.
O( g) 3O(g) b kJ .

O( g) (kJ/)?
-2a + 2b -2a + 3b a + 2b

3 3 3
2a + 2b 3a + 2b

3 3

11. A B (K ).
aA( g) bB( g) H, K (a, b )
9. () () , A(s) B(s) () A( g) B( g) ,
. A > B . () () (T)
A
. P B(g) .
( g/ 100 g )
B
140

100
() T 50 g + A 70 g T, 2 L
50 P`=`0.3
() T 100 g + B 140 g T, 1 L T, 1 L
0 P`=`0.5 P`=`0.4
T T

() () ()
() () <>
? (, .) <>
?[3]
<` `>
. () . <` `>
. () () . . a < b .
. T , A . H < 0 .
B . . K () () .

, , , , , ,

12
32

.
() 3
12. 25C 2 . 15. HO .
() S(s, )`+`O( g) SO( g) H = -297 kJ, S > 0 2HO(aq) 2HO(l)`+`O( g)
() 2HS(g)`+`3O(g) 2HO(l)`+`2SO( g) H = -1124 kJ HO O
25C <> .
? (, 25C S
0~50
.)[3]
a M HO(aq) O
<` `> ()
(mL)
. () ( G) 0 . 25 T n
. () ,
25 T 5n
.
. HO(l) HS( g) . 25 MnO(s) T 100 n

<>
, , , , ? (,
.)

<` `>
. .
[13~14] .
[H O]
. 0~50 - = 4 n / L.
t
() H( g) O( g) . MnO(s) .

.
H(g) 2
, , , ,
O( g) 1
H O ( l ) H O ( g )
. (`) ()
() `
HO( g) . t .
HO( g)

C
B
a
A 16. A B .

[ ]
0 t () () A B ,
() .
T , T a

1 A 2g B 1g
. 1 2
20 10`L 10`L

B b B
13.A HO( g) a, 1 L ,
10`L 10`L
HO(l) ? (, RT = 25 L /.)[3]
99a 199a 249a 499a 999a () a ,
P .
() b ,
P .
14.
() <>
<>
?
? (, , ,
<` `> .)[3]
. B HO(l) HO( g) (G)
<` `>
0 .
. A B 4 .
. C HO .
1 . () A 0.5 .
. C HO(g) . . P > P .
20

, , , , , , , ,

21
32

.
4 ()
17. () () HCl(aq) 100 mL HA(aq) 100 mL 19. A A
x M NaOH(aq) . .

pH pH
100a

96a
P 95a
3
1
0 w x A (g)
0 50 0 20 100
NaOH(aq) (mL) NaOH(aq) (mL)

() () x ? (, A , ,
.)[3]
<>
24 23 25 4 25
? (, 25C .)[3] w w w w w
19 18 19 3 18
<` `>
. x = 0.2 .
. 25C HA (K) 1 ^ 10 ` .
[HA] 9
. P < .
[A` ] 2

, , , ,
20. A B C
.
A(g)`+`bB( g) C( g) (b )
v = k[A] (k )
A( g) B( g) ,
(P) . `
C(g) .

A B P()

(g) 0 t
10 12 8 4
13 18 14 10
x 16 10 y

<>
? (, .)[3]
18. A B (K). <` `>
A( g) 2B( g) K . A 6 .
A( g) . B .
1, 2 . . x = 14 .

, ,
(K)
(g / L)
T 6 -
1 T 5 K
6
2 T 3 K
5

K
? (, K ,
K
.) *
()
96 80
8 16 24 .
5 3

22
32