PROBLEM 2.44 KNOWN: Heat diffusion with internal heat generation for one-dimensional cylindrical, radial coordinate system. FIND: Heat diffusion equation, SCHEMATIC: ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Homogeneous medium. ANALYSIS: Control volume has volume, V= A, -dt=2zr-dr-1, with unit thickness normal to page. Using the conservation of energy requirement, Eq. 1.12c, Big Bout + Egen = Est oT gree +4V = pVe, 2 Ge — rede +4V = PVE pS, Fourier’s law, Eq. 2.1, for this one-dimensional coordinate system is, eT oT wk, oe =k x 2m Z, or At the outer surface, r+ dr, the conduction rate is ae = eT é é apsde = 4 +L (4) May of [2m E an Hence, the energy balance becomes a eT] a leg @ ar -[« oD fan ST ]oa Aardemp Dade -oy or Dividing by the factor 2a dr, we obtain 1a oT 14 [27], ge, 27. < al ae COMMENTS: (1) Note how the result compares wi .26 when the terms for the 6,2 coordinates are eliminated. (2) Recognize that we did not require q and k to be independent ofr,PROBLEM 2.49 KNOWN: Steady-state temperature distribution for hollow cylindrical solid with volumetric heat generation. FIND: (a) Determine the inner radius ofthe cylinder, r, (6) Obtain an expression forthe volumetric rate of heat generation, q, (c) Determine the axial distribution ofthe heat flux atthe outer surface, 45 (79»2)» and the heat rate at this outer surface; isthe heat rate in or out of the cylinder; (4) Determine the radial distribution of the heat flux at the end faces of the cylinder, qf (1,429) and 4; (r,-2) and the corresponding heat rates; are the heat rates inor out ofthe cylinder; (€) Determine the relationship ofthe suece heat rates to the heat generation rae; i an overall energy balance satisfied? SCHEMATIC: —125=2.5m | Tz) = a+ i+ tng) + dz? em, 20m) - t? i = 29=25m on Tat ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions (2) Two-dimensional conduction with constant properties and volumetric heat generation. ANALYSIS: (a) Since the inner boundary, r =r, is adiabatic, then 7 (5,,z)=0. Hence the temperature gradient in the direction must be zero. ar) DL) -0+2b5 +0/4 +0=0 a) v5) Catal < (0) To dermie 4, sustiut the temperature stibuon int the het ison euation Ea. 2.2, for two-dimensional 2, ead).tte conduction 19(,20), 0a) ral" ar)* aaa) 1a a 12 foszmeserrse))+2(0+0+0428)+ 12 +2 ) {abr o]+2a4 4 =k [4b +24] =—16w/m-K[ 4150%C/m? +2(—200°C/m*) (©) The heat ux and the heat rate atthe outer surface, r =p, may be calculated using Fourier’s law. ale2)-42) [0+ 26, +014, +0] ContinuedPROBLEM 2.49 (Cont.) (2) =-16w/m-K[2 «150% mw m=12°C/1 m] = 46080? < als 4,() = Ant x25 m4608W/ ee) ve A=295 (2%) 4,765 < ‘Note that the sign of the heat flux and heat rate in the positive r-direction is negative, and hence the heat flow is into the cylinder. (@) The heat fluxes and the heat rates at end faces, z= + ze and ~Zo, may be calculated using Fourier’s law. The direction of the heat rate in or out ofthe end face is determined by the sign of the heat flux in the positive z-direction. Atte upper end face, 2" 25 < a (ts%9)2 2D) [004042 Kilerte)- AZ), —-al0s9+0024] 45 (5.429) »16W/m-Kx«2(-300°C/m? 25 m= 24,000 Wm? < 42 +29) = Ax de (6420) where Az=a(2-2) 42 +%9) = #1? -0.22 )m? «24,000 W im? = 472,382 W < ‘Thus, heat flows out of the cylinder. At the lower end face, z= - 2: < at(s-2,) ) =-k[o+0+0+24¢2,)] 16 W/m? -K x2(-300°C/m)(-2.5 1} < naew < Again, heat flows out of the cylinder. (©) The heat rates from the surfaces and the volumetric heat generation can be related through an overall energy balance on the cylinder as shown in the sketch. t +z) = #24,000 Wim? 1,608 Wim? 144,765 W Continued...