CHNG IV: TCH PHN MT

1. TCH PHN MT LOI 1

1. TCH PHN MT LOI 2
Tch phn mt loi 1
nh ngha : Cho hm f(x,y,z) trn mt S. Chia S
thnh n phn ty khng dm ln nhau. Gi tn v
din tch ca mi mt l Sk, k=1, 2, .. , n . Trn
mi mnh ta ly 1 im Mk ty v lp tng
n
Sn f (Mk ) Sk
k 1
Cho max(dSk) 0 (dSk l ng knh ca
mnh Sk), nu tng trn dn n 1 gii hn hu
hn th ta gi l tp mt loi 1 ca hm f(x,y,z)
trn mt S, k hiu l
n
f ( x, y , z )ds lim f (Mk ) Sk
max( d Sk ) 0 k 1
S
Tch phn mt loi 1
Tnh cht :
Din tch mt S c tnh bi S ds
S

( f g )ds fds gds

S S S

Nu mt S c chia thnh 2 mt khng dm ln

nhau l S1 v S2 th
fds fds fds
S S1 S2
Tch phn mt loi 1
Cch tnh:

f ( x, y , z )ds f ( x, y , z( x, y )) 1 zx2 zy2dxdy

S Dxy

Trong :
Dxy l hnh chiu ca S xung mt phng Oxy (z=0)
T pt mt S l F(x,y,z)=0 ta rt ra z theo x, y
c z=z(x,y)

Biu thc 1 zx2 zy2dxdy ds c gi l vi

phn ca mt S
 Tch phn mt loi 1
V d 1: Tnh tch phn I1 trn mt S l phn mt
nn z2=x2+y2 vi 0z1 ca hm f(x,y,z)=x+y+z
Hnh chiu ca S xung mp z=0 l Dxy : 0x2+y21
x
zx
x2 y2
Pt mt S (z dng) z x2 y2
y
zy
2 2
x y

Suy ra: ds 2dxdy Vy:

I1 (x y z )ds (x y x2 y 2 ) 2dxdy
S Dxy
 Tch phn mt loi 1
i tp sang ta cc:
2 1
I1 d cos sin r rdr
0 0

2
I1
3
Tch phn mt loi 1
V d 2: Tnh tch phn I2 ca hm f(x,y,z)=x+2y+3z
trn mt S l mt xung quanh t din x=0, y=0, z=0,
x+2y+3z=6

C Mt S gm 4 mt nn tp I2
cng c chia lm 4 tp
V mt x=0 nn xy=xz=0
ds=dydz, chiu xung mp
x=0 ta c Dyz: OBC
B
O
I21 fds (2y 3z )dydz
A
( x 0) OBC
 Tch phn mt loi 1

C Tng t, tp trn 2 mt ta
cn li

I22 fds (x 3z )dxdz

( y 0) OAC
B
O
I23 fds (x 2y )dxdy
( z 0) OAB
A
Cui cng, trn mt x+2y+3z=6 (mp(ABC)). Ta
chiu xung mp z=0 th Dxy: OAB , vi phn mt :
2 1 4 1 14
z 2 y x ds 1 dxdy dxdy
3 3 9 9 3
Tch phn mt loi 1
14
Do : I24 fds 6. dxdy
( x 2 y 3 z 6) OAB 3

I2 I21 I22 I23 I24

 Tch phn mt loi 1
V d 3: Tnh tp I3 ca hm f(x,y,z)=x2+y2+2z trn
mt S l phn hnh tr x2+y2=1 nm trong hnh cu
x2+y2+z2=2

Ch : Ta khng th chiu S xung mp z=0 c v

c mt tr x2+y2=1 c hnh chiu xung mp z=0 ch
l 1 ng trn x2+y2=1

Chiu S xung mp x=0 hay y=0 u nh nhau. Ta

s tm hnh chiu ca S xung mp x=0 bng cch
kh x t 2 pt 2 mt v c Dyz: y21, z2 1

Khi , ta vit x theo y, z t pt mt S: x 1 y2

 Tch phn mt loi 1
Do pt c 2 mt u chn i vi x nn mt S nhn
x=0 l mt i xng. Hn na, hm di du tp
cng l hm chn vi x nn ta s tnh tp trn phn
mt S vi x>0 ri nhn i.
y
xy
x 1 y2 1 y2
xz 0
1
ds dydz
1 y2
Vy:
1 1
1 2z
I3 2 dy dz
2
1 1 1 y
Tch phn mt loi 1
V d 4: Tnh din tch S4 ca phn mt paraboloid
y=1-x2-z2 nm pha trn mp y=0
Vi y0, ta c hnh chiu xung mp y=0 ca
paraboloid l Dxz : x2+z21
Pt mt S: 2 2 yx 2x
y 1 x y
yz 2z

Vy: S4 ds 1 4x 2 4z 2dxdz
S4 Dxz
2 1
2
S4 d r 1 4r dr 125 1
0 0 6
Tch phn mt loi 2 Php vecto ca mt
Vecto Gradient: Cho mt cong S c pt l F(x,y,z)=0.
Ta gi vecto gradient ca hm F ti im M l vecto
F (M ) Fx (M ), Fx (M ), Fx (M )

Mt cong S c gi l mt trn nu cc o hm
ring Fx, Fy, Fz lin tc v khng ng thi bng 0
trn S tc l vecto gradient ca F lin tc v khc 0
Khi mt S c cho bi pt z=z(x,y) th ta t
F(x,y,z) = z-z(x,y) = 0 ( x, y ) D

Lc , mt S trn nu cc o hm ring zx, zy

lin tc trn D
Tch phn mt loi 2 Php vecto ca mt
Mt nh hng : Mt S c gi l mt nh hng
hay l mt 2 pha nu ti im M bt k ca S xc
nh c vecto php n v n(M ) sao cho hm
vecto n(M ) lin tc trn S
Khi ta chn 1 hm vecto xc nh, ta ni ta nh
hng xong mt S, vecto chn l vecto php
dng. Phc tng ng ca mt S l pha m khi ta
ng trn pha y, vecto php ng t chn ln u
Mt S trn cho bi pt F(x,y,z) l mt nh hng
c vi php vecto n v l
F
n
| F|
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Php vecto ca mt
Php vecto n v trn cn c th vit bng cch
khc: n (cos ,cos ,cos )
Trong , , ln lt l gc to bi na dng 3
trc Ox, Oy, Oz vi php vecto
xc nh php vecto ca mt S vi pt l F(x,y,z)=0,
ta s lm theo 3 bc sau:
1. Tnh F (Fx , Fy , Fz )
2. Xc nh 1 trong 3 gc , , xem gc l nhn hay
l t suy ra 1 trong 3 ta ca php vecto l
dng hay m
3. Xc nh du ca php vecto
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Php vecto ca mt
V d 1: Tnh php vecto ca mt S vi S l pha
trn mt phng x+2y+4z=8
Pt mt S: F(x,y,z) = x+2y+4z-8(=0)
2 F (1,2,4)
n Hng ca mt S l pha trn
tc l vecto php cng hng
vi na dng trc Oz, nn:
4
g (Oz, n ) cos>0
2
8
Vy du cn ly l + ta
1
n (1,2,4) th 3 l dng.
21
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Php vecto ca mt
V d 2: Cho S l pha trn ca na mt cu
x2+y2+z2=R2, z0. Tnh php vecto ca S
Pt mt S l
F(x,y,z)=x2+y2+z2-R2 (=0)
F (2x,2y ,2z )
Cho S l pha trn tc l php
vecto cng hng vi na
dng trc Oz, suy ra gc /2
nn cos>0
V mt S ch tnh vi z dng
nn ta chn du + ta
( x, y , z )
n th 3 ca php vecto dng
R
Tch phn mt loi 2 Php vecto ca mt
( x, y , z )
n
R
Khi , 2 gc , l nhn
hay t s ph thuc vo
x, y l dng, hay m

Vi x0: thnh phn th nht dng tc l cos0

/2 v x0: cos0 /2
Vi y0: cos0 /2 v y0: cos0 /2
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Php vecto ca mt
V d 3: Tnh php vecto ca mt S l pha ngoi
mt tr x2+y2=1
Pt mt S: F(x,y,z)=x2+y2-1(=0)
F ( x, y ,0)
R rng, S l mt tr song song
vi trc Oz nn php vecto
vung gc vi trc Oz tc l
=/2 cos=0
Php vecto hng ra pha
ngoi, ta s so vi na dng
n ( x, y ,0) trc Oy, th /2 cos0
Ta chn du sao cho khi y>0 th thnh phn th 2 ca
vecto cng dng tc l chn du +
Tch phn mt loi 2 Php vecto ca mt
V d 4: Tm php vecto ca mt S l pha di ca
mt tr z=x2
Pt mt S: F(x,y,z)=x2-z(=0)
F (2x,0, 1)
Mt S l pha di tc l
php vecto ngc vi hng
na dng trc Oz, tc l
>/2 cos<0
Vy ta th 3 ca
php vecto m, ta s chn
(2 x,0, 1) du +
n
4x 2 1
Tch phn mt loi 2 Php vecto ca mt
V d 5: Tm php vecto ca mt S l pha di ca
mt nn z x2 y 2
Pt mt S: F ( x, y , z ) x2 y2 z
x y
F ( , , 1)
x2 y2 x2 y2
Vi S l pha di mt nn tc
l php vecto quay xung di
Ta c >/2 cos<0
Do vy, ta ly du ca php
1 vecto l + v thay x 2 y 2 z
n ( x, y , 1)
2z c :
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cch tnh
nh ngha: Cho cc hm P(x,y,z), Q(x,y,z), R(x,y,z)
xc nh trn mt nh hng S vi php vecto n
v n (cos ,cos ,cos )
Tp mt loi 1 ca hm f(x,y,z)=Pcos+Qcos+Rcos
trn mt S c gi l tp mt loi 2 ca 3 hm P, Q, R
trn mt S v k hiu l
Pdydz Qdzdx Rdxdy P cos Q cos R cos ds
S S

Cch tnh: C 2 cch

Cch 1: Tm php vecto ca mt S
n (cos ,cos ,cos )
Thay vo cng thc trn, tc l a v tp mt loi 1
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cch tnh
Cch 2: Ta tnh tng phn ca tp mt loi 2 trn
I1 P ( x, y , z )dydz P cos ds Theo 4 bc sau
S S
Bc 1: Xc nh gc nhn (hay t) c cos0
(hay cos0).
Bc 2: V cn tnh tp theo dydz nn ta tm hnh chiu
ca S xung mp Oyz l Dyz
Bc 2: Ta vit li pt mt S: F(x,y,z)=0 x=x(y,z)
thay vo hm P
Bc 4: a tp trn v thnh tp kp
I1 P ( x, y , z )dydz P ( x( y , z ), y , z )dydz
S Dyz
Trong : tp kp ly du dng (m) nu cos dng
(m)
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cch tnh
c bit: Nu S l phn mt song song vi trc Ox
thgc =/2 tc l cos=0, Suy ra
I Pdydz 0
S
Tnh tng t cho 2 tp cn li
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cch tnh
V d 1: Tnh I1 zdxdy vi S l pha ngoi ca
S
mt cu x2+y2+z2=1
Pt mt S l F(x,y,z)=x2+y2+z2-1 F ( x, y , z ), F 1
Ta phi chia S thnh 2 phn ng vi z0 v z0,
chng i xng nhau qua mp z=0 v cng c hnh
chiu xung mp Oxy l Dxy: x2+y21
Ta s tnh tp ny bng 2 cch
Cch 1: Tnh trc tip
Trn mt S1 vi z0, pt S1 l z 1 x2 y2
Php vecto hng ra pha ngoi tc l hng ln
trn, khi gc /2 nn cos0 , tp kp ly du +
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cch tnh
2 1
2 2
Vy I11 1 x y dxdy d 2
r 1 r dr
Dxy 0 0
Tng t, trn mt S2 ng vi z0

S1 z 1 x2 y 2
Php vecto hng ra ngoi tc
l quay xung di nn /2
cos0, tp kp ly du -
Hnh chiu Dxy: x2+y21
S2 I12 1 x2 y 2dxdy I11
Dxy

Vy : I1 4
3
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cch tnh
Cch 2: Chuyn v tch phn mt loi 1
Mt S1 ng vi z0, php vecto hng ln trn nn
n1 ( x, y , z ) cos=z v z 1 x2 y2
Mt S2 ng vi z0, php vecto hng xung di
nn n2 ( x, y , z ) cos=z v z 1 x2 y 2
Nh vy vi c 2 mt S1, S2 ta u c cos=z v
1 Tc l ta khng cn chia lm
ds dxdy 2 tp nh cch 1, m ch cn
1 x2 y 2 tnh trn na pha trn ri
Vy: nhn i.
2 2 dxdy
I1 zdxdy 2 z.zds 2 (1 x y )
2 2
S S Dxy 1 x y
Tch phn mt loi 2 Cch tnh
V d 2: Cho S l pha trn mt tr z=x2 gii hn bi
cc mt : y=0, y=1, z=1, z=0. Tnh
I2 zdxdy yzdydz xyzdzdx
S
Do S l phn mt tr z=x2 song song vi trc Oy nn
I23 xyzdxdz 0
S
Ghi nh: Pt mt S ch cha x, z th Rdzdx 0
S

Pt mt S: F(x,y,z)=z-x2=0 suy ra F ( 2x,0,1)

S l pha trn mt tr tc l php vecto hng ln
trn: /2, cos0. Vy ta ly du + cho php vecto
Tch phn mt loi 2 Cch tnh
( 2 x,0,1)
Php vecto n v ca S: n
4x 2 1
Ta tnh Tp theo dxdy: I21 zdxdy
S
Pt mt S: z=x2, vi 0z1, ta c 0x21 -1x1
Hnh chiu xung mp Oxy l Dxy: -1x1, 0y1
Ta th 3 ca php vecto dng nn cos0
Do vy :
1 1
2 2 2
I21 zdxdy x dxdy x dx dy
S Dxy 1 0 3
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cch tnh
( 2 x,0,1)
Php vecto n v ca S n
4x 2 1
Tp theo dydz I22 yzdydz
Pt mt S: z=x2 S

Hnh chiu xung mp Oyz l Dyz: 0z1, 0y1

Ta th nht ca php vecto ph thuc vo x
nn ta s chia S thnh 2 phn ng vi x0 v x0
I22 yzdydz yzdydz
S,x 0 S, x 0
Pt mt tr chn i vi x, 4 mt ct tr u c pt
khng cha x nn mt S nhn x=0 l mt i xng.
tc l hnh chiu Dyz ca 2 phn mt (S,x0) v
(S,x0) nh nhau min ly tp ca 2 tp trn nh nhau
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cch tnh
Suy ra tp I22 l tng 2 tp c cng hm di du tp l
yz, cng min ly tp l Dyz nhng du th ngc nhau

I22 yzdydz yzdydz 0

Dyz Dyz
Vy
2
I2 I21 I22 I23
3
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cch tnh
V d 3: Cho S l pha trn mt nn z2=x2+y2, 0z1.
Tnh I3 z 2dxdy zdydz y 2dzdx
S

Do z0 nn pt mt S l F ( x, y , z ) x2 y2 z
x y
F ( , , 1)
x2 y2 x2 y2
Ta ly S l pha trn mt nn tc l /2 cos0
Vy php vecto ca S l
1 x y
n ( , , 1)
2 x2 y 2 x2 y 2
1 x y
n ( , ,1)
2 x2 y 2 x2 y 2
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cch tnh
1 x y
nS ( , ,1)
2 x2 y 2 x2 y 2
2 1 2 2 2
Tp theo dxdy : I31 z dxdy , cos ,z x y
S 2
Hnh chiu ca S xung mp z=0 l Dxy: x2+y21
2 1
2 2 2
Suy ra: I31 (x y )dxdy d r .r dr
Dxy 0 0

I31
2
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cch tnh
1 x y
nS ( , ,1)
2 x2 y 2 x2 y 2
x
Tnh tp theo dydz : I32 zdydz, cos
S 2( x 2 y2)
Vcos ph thuc vo x nn ta phi chia S thnh 2
phn ng vi x0 v x0, 2 phn i xng nhau
qua mp x=0 vpt S l chn i vi x
2 tp trn 2 phn , khi chuyn sang tp kp s c hm
di du tp cng l f(x,y,z)=z, hnh chiu cng l
Dyz: -zyz, 0z1 nhng tri du nhau v 2 na cho
ta 2 php vecto ngc nhau
Vy I32=0
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cch tnh
1 x y
nS ( , ,1)
2 x2 y 2 x2 y 2
2 y
Tnh tp theo dxdz : I33 y dydz, cos
S 2( x 2 y2)
Tng t tp I32, ta cng c : I32=0
Vy :
I3 I31 I32 I33
2
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Gauss
Cng thc Gauss Ostrogratxki:
Cho min V ng, b chn trong khng gian c bin
l mt S trn tng khc. Cc hm P, Q, R v cc
o hm ring cp 1 ca chng lin tc trong min
m cha V. Ta c cng thc
Pdydz Qdzdx Rdxdy (Px Qy Rz )dxdydz
S V

Trong : Tp bi 3 ly du + nu S l mt bin pha

ngoi V v ly du - nu S l mt bin pha trong V
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Gauss
V d 4: Cho mt S l pha ngoi vt th gii hn bi :
x2+y2+z24 v z x2 y 2 Tnh tp sau bng 2 cch
trc tip v dng I3 x 2dydz y 2dzdx zdxdy
CT Gauss S
Cch 1: Tnh trc tip Mt S gm 2 mt S1 l pha
trn mt cu vi 3 z 2
V S2 l pha di mt nn
vi 0 z 3
Trn mt S1, S2, ta thy
chng u nhn mp x=0, mp
y=0 l mt i xng
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Gauss
Do , cc tp tnh theo dydz, dzdx u chia thnh 2
phn vi hnh chiu nh nhau v du tp kp tri nhau.
Hn na, 2 tp u c hm di du tp kp ging
nhau. Ta c:
x 2dydz y 2dzdx 0
S

Tch phn trn mt S1: pt mt

z 4 x2 y2
Ly pha trn mt cu tc l
/2, tp kp ly du +
Hnh chiu xung mp z=0 l
Dxy: x2+y22
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Gauss
zdxdy 4 x2 y 2dxdy
S1 Dxy

Tch phn trn mt S2: pt mt z x2 y2

Ly pha di mt nn tc l /2, tp kp ly du -
Hnh chiu xung mp z=0 l Dxy: x2+y21
zdxdy x2 y 2dxdy
S2 Dxy

Vy: I3 4 x2 y 2dxdy x2 y 2dxdy

Dxy Dxy
2 1
I3 d r( 4 r2 r )dr
0 0
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Gauss
Cch 2: S l mt bin pha ngoi min V gii hn bi
x2 y2 z 4 (x2 y2)
Hnh chiu ca V xung mp z=0 l hnh trn x2+y21
p dng CT Gauss, ta c
I3 (2x 2y 1)dxdydz
V
1 x2 y 2
I3 dxdy (2 x 2y 1)dz
Dxy x2 y 2
2 1
I3 d r( 4 r2 r )(2r cos 2r sin 1)dr
0 0
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Gauss
V d 4: Cho S l mt bin pha trong ca V gii hn
bi x2+y24, 0 z x2+y2. Tnh tch phn
I4 ydydz xydzdx zdxdy
S
p dng CT Gauss, ta c
I4 (0 x 1)dxdydz
V
x2 y 2
I4 (x 1)dxdy dz
x2 y 2 4 0
2 2
2
I4 d r .r (r cos 1)dr
0 0
2 1 2 1
cos d r 4dr d r 3dr
0 0 0 0
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Gauss
V d 5: Cho S l mt bin ngoi ca V: x=0, y=0,
z=0, x+y+z=2. Tnh I5 xzdydz xzdzdx xydxdy
S
Cch 1: p dng CT Gauss
I5 (z 0 0)dxdydz
V
2 2 x 2 x y
I5 dx dy zdz
0 0 0
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Stokes
Cng thc Stokes:
Cho mt nh hng S trn tng khc c bin l
ng cong kn C trn tng khc v khng t ct.
Cc hm P, Q, R v cc h ring cp 1 lin tc trong
min m cha S. Ta c CT Stokes
(Qx Py )dxdy (Pz Rx )dzdx (Ry Pz )dydz
S
(Pdx Qdy Rdz )
C
Trong , hng ca C c ly sao cho khi ng
pha mt S v i theo hng th ta thy S bn tri.
Ghi ch: Nu C ly ngc chiu kim ng h nhn t
pha z>0 (z<0) th hng trn mt S l cng pha
(ngc pha) vi trc Oz, tc l gc /2 (/2)
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Stokes
Cng thc Stokes cn c dng dng lin h
gia tp ng loi 2 v tp mt loi 1 nh sau
Pdx Qdy Rdz
C
(Qx Py )cos (Pz Rx )cos ( Ry Qz )cos ds
S

Trong trng hp C l giao ca 1 mp v 1 mt cong v

khi ta s chn S l phn mp b ct bi mt cong,
suy ra php vecto ca S l hng s.
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Stokes
V d 6: Tnh I6 ydx zdy xdz
C
Vi C l giao ca mt x+y+z=0 v x2+y2+z2=4 theo
hng ngc chiu kim ng h nhn t pha z>0
Cch 1: p dng CT Stokes
V C l giao ca mp x+y+z=0 v x2+y2+z2=4 theo
hng ngc chiu kim ng h nhn t pha z>0
Nn ta chn S l phn mp x+y+z=0 nm pha trong
mt cu, ly pha trn. S l hnh trn tm ti O, bn
knh bng 2
1
Suy ra vecto ch phng ca S l n (1,1,1)
3
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Stokes
V ta s dng CT Stokes di dng:
Pdx Qdy Rdz
C
(Qx Py )cos (Pz Rx )cos ( Ry Qz )cos ds
S

c :
I6 ydx zdy xdz
C
1 1 1
[(0 1) (0 1) (0 1) ]ds
S 3 3 3
3 ds 3.S Trong S l din tch mt S,
S
Vy I 4 3
6
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Stokes
Cch 2: Tnh trc tip bng cch vit pt tham s ca C
(Xem trong phn tp ng loi 2- pt tham s)
6 6
x 2 cos t sin t x 2 sin t co s t
3 3
2 6 2 6
y sin t y co s t
3 3
6 6
z 2 cos t sin t z 2 sin t co s t
3 3
t tu 0 den 2 t tu 0 den 2
2
I6 ydx zdy xdz 12dt 4 3
C 0
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Stokes
V d 7: Tnh tp I7 ydx zdy dz
C
Vi C l giao tuyn ca x2+y2+z2=4y v x=y-2 ly
cng chiu kim ng h nhn t pha x>0 bng 2
cch : trc tip v dng CT Stokes
Cch 1: Dng CT Stokes
Chn S l phn mp x=y-2 nm trong hnh cu, ly
hng ngc vi na dng trc Ox
Suy ra /2 cos0
Pt mt S l F(x,y,z)=x-y+2(=0) : F (1, 1,0)
Vcos0, nn ta chn du - cho php vecto
1
n (1, 1,0)
2
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Stokes
1
n (1, 1,0)
2
Vy:
I7 ydx zdy dz
C
1 1
[(0 1).0 (0 0) (0 1)( )]ds
S 2 2
S l phn mp x=y-2 nm trong hnh cu. Ta kh x t
2 pt c hnh chiu ca S xung mp x=0 l
Dyz: 2(y-2)2+z24, ds 1 xy2 xz2dydz 2dydz
Suy ra I7 1
2dydz
2 Dyz

I7 2 2
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Stokes
Cch 2: Vit pt tham s ca C
2 2 2 2 2
x y z 4y 2( y 2) z 4
C:
x y 2 x y 2
x 2 cos t x 2 sin t
y 2 2 cos t y 2 sin t
C:
z 2sin t z 2cos t
t di tu 0 den 2
I7 ydx zdy dz
C
2
[(2 2 cos t )( 2 sin t ) 2sin t ]dt
0
I7 2 2
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Stokes
V d 8: Tnh I8 (x y )dx (2x z )dy ydz
C
Vi C l giao tuyn ca x2+y2=1 v z=y2 ly ngc
chiu kim ng h nhn t pha z>0
Cch 1: Dng CT Stokes
V C l giao tuyn ca 2 mt tr, ta cha bit nn
chn S l mt no nn ta s dng CT Stokes vit
I8 di dng Tp mt loi 2 trc
I8 (x y )dx (2 x z )dy ydz
C
(2 1)dxdy (0 0)dzdx (1 1)dydz
S
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Stokes
tnh I8, ta s phi tnh 2 tp : tp theo dxdy v dydz.
Tc l ta s phi tm hnh chiu ca S xung 2 mp z=0
v x=0.
Nh vy, ta s chn S sao cho hnh chiu ca n
xung 1 trong 2 mt trn d tm, v khi chn xong 1
trong 2 tr l mt S th 1 trong 2 tp phi tnh bng 0

Ta chn S l phn mt tr
parabol z=y2 nm trong tr trn
xoay x2+y2=1 ly pha trn,
suy ra cos0
Pt mt S: F(x,y,z) = y2-z
F (0,2y , 1)
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Stokes
Php vecto mt S: 1
n (0,2y , 1)
4y 2 1
I8 (x y )dx (2x z )dy ydz
C
(2 1)dxdy (0 0)dzdx (1 1)dydz
S
tnh tp mt loi 2 trn, ta c 2 cch: tnh trc tip
hoc a v tp mt loi 1
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Stokes
Tnh trc tip:
V S l mt tr song song vi Ox (Pt ch cha y, z)
nn tp theo dydz bng 0. Do :
I8 dxdy Vi cos>0 v hnh chiu Dxy: x2+y21
S
Vy : I8 dxdy
Dxy
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Stokes
a I8 v thnh tp mt loi 1 Ta c:
1
n (0,2y , 1) (cos ,cos ,cos ) Suy ra
4y 2 1
2y 1
cos 0, cos , cos = Do :
2 2
4y 1 4y 1
I8 (2 1)dxdy (0 0)dzdx (1 1)dydz
S
[1.cos 2.cos ]ds
S

Pt mt S: z=y2 nn ds 1 4y 2dxdy Vy:

1
I8 4y 2 1dxdy I8
2
x y 1 4y
2 2
1
 Tch phn mt loi 2 Cng thc Stokes
V d 8: Tnh I8 (x y )dx (2x z )dy ydz
C
Vi C l giao tuyn ca x2+y2=1 v z=y2 ly ngc
chiu kim ng h nhn t pha z>0
Cch 2: Tnh trc tip bng cch vit pt tham s ca C
x cos t
x2 y2 1 y sin t
C: 2
2 z sin t
z y
t di tu 0 den 2 Vy:
2
I8 [(cos t sin t )( sin t ) (2cos t sin2 t )cos t sin t .2sin t cos t ]dt
0

I8
 Bi tp tch phn mt
Bi 1: Tnh cc tp sau
I1 xdydz ydzdx zdxdy S l pha trn na mt
S cu x2+y2+z2=4, z0
I2 zdxdy y 2dxdz S l pha ngoi vt th gh bi
S 0 z 1-x2-y2
I3 y 2dzdx x 2dydz zdxdy S l pha di na
S mt cu x2+y2+z2=4,
z0
I4 ( y z )dydz ( z x )dzdx ( x y )dxdy
S
S l pha ngoi phn mt nn x2+y2=z2, 0z1
x 2
I5 zdxdy ( )dydz ( y 2 z )dxdz S l pha
S 2 x
di phn mt z=1-x2 vi z0 b chn bi -1y1
 Bi tp tch phn mt
I1 xdydz ydzdx zdxdy S l pha trn na mt
S cu x2+y2+z2=4, z0
Trc ht, ta tm php vecto n v ca mt S
Pt mt S l F(x,y,z)=x2+y2+z2-4=0, z0, suy ra:
F (2x,2y ,2z )
S l pha trn tc l php vecto ca S cng hng
vi na dng trc Oz nn /2 cos0
Suy ra, du ta ly cho php vecto n v l +
1
n ( x, y , z ), z 0
2

Tip theo, ta c th chn 1 trong 2 cch: Tnh trc tip

hoc chuyn v tp mt loi 1
 Bi tp tch phn mt
Vi tp ny, ta s chuyn v tp mt loi 1 bng cch
dng CT , vi php vecto n v n (cos ,cos ,cos )
Rdxdy Qdxdz Pdzdy
S
P cos Q cos R cos ds
S
1
T I1 xdydz ydzdx zdxdy , n ( x, y , z ), z 0
S
2
1 2
Suy ra: I1 x y2 z 2 ds
S 2
Vi tp mt loi 1 ny, ta ang c : x2+y2+z2=4 (pt mt)
2dxdy
Hnh chiu Dxy: x +y 4 Vi phn ds
2 2
2 2
4 x y
 Bi tp tch phn mt
1 2dxdy
Vy: I1 4.
2 Dxy 4 x2 y 2
2 2
x=rcos dr
4 d r =16
y=rsin 2
0 0 4 r
 Bi tp tch phn mt
I2 zdxdy y 2dxdz S l pha ngoi vt th gh bi
S 0z1-x2-y2
Mt S gm 2 mt: S1 l pha di mp z=1, S2 l pha
trn mt paraboloid z=1-x2-y2
Trc ht, ta tm php vecto
n v ca mt S1:
n1 (0,0,1)
V php vecto n v ca
mt S2:
1
n2 (2 x,2y ,1)
2 2
4x 4y 1
 Bi tp tch phn mt
Ta tnh tp trn mt S1 bng cch chuyn v tp mt
loi 1 v S1 l mt phng c n1 (0,0,1)
I21 zdxdy y 2dxdz ( 1)z ds 0
S1 ( z 0)

Cn tp trn mt S2 th ta s tnh trc tip

I22 zdxdy y 2dxdz
S2

Tp theo dxdy vi: pt mt z=1-x2-y2, h/c Dxy: x2+y21

Php vecto: n2 1
(2 x,2y ,1) cos>0
4 x 2 4y 2 1
Suy ra: I221 (1 x 2 y 2 )dxdy I221
Dxy
2
 Bi tp tch phn mt
2
I
Tp theo dxdz: 222 y dxdz Pt mt: y2=z+x2-1
S2
1
Php vecto: n2 (2 x,2y ,1) Suy ra:
2 2
4x 4y 1
cos cng du vi y, tc l ta phi chia S2 thnh 2
na ng vi y dng v y m.
Tuy nhin, pt mt paraboloid S2 chn vi y nn 2 na
ny i xng nhau qua mp y=0, hnh chiu xung mp
y=0 ca 2 na ny nh nhau
Do , tp I222 chia thnh 2 tp m sau khi chuyn v
tp kp th l tng ca 2 tp kp tri du nhau. Tc l:
I222=0
Vy: I2 I21 I221 I222
2
 Bi tp tch phn mt
I2 zdxdy y 2dxdz S l pha ngoi vt th gh bi
S 0z1-x2-y2

S l mt cong kn pha ngoi nn ta s p dng CT

Gauss tnh I2 nhanh hn
CT Gauss:
Pdydz Qdzdx Rdxdy
S
(Px Qy Rz )dxdydz
V

Ta c:
I2 (0 2y 1)dxdydz
V
 Bi tp tch phn mt
I2 (0 2y 1)dxdydz
V
1 x2 y 2
I2 dxdy (2y 1)dz
x2 y 2 1 0
2 1
I2 d r (2r sin 1)(1 r 2 )dr
0 0

I2
2
 Bi tp tch phn mt
I3 y 2dzdx x 2dydz zdxdy S l pha di na
S mt cu x2+y2+z2=4,
z0
Nhn xt: Pt mt S chn vi
2 bin x, y nn khi tnh tp
theo dydz, dzdx ta s chia S
thnh 2 na i xng c 2
php vecto tng ng
ngc du nhau. Vy mi tp
tr thnh tng 2 tp kp
c min ly tp nh nhau,
hm di du tp nh nhau
nhng tri du nhau.
 Bi tp tch phn mt
T ta c: I31 y 2dxdz 0
S
I32 x 2dydz 0
S

Cn li tp th ba: I33 zdydx

S

Pt mt S (z dng): z 4 x2 y2
Hnh chiu Dxy: x2+y24
S l pha di tc l php vecto quay xung di
so vi na dng trc Oz nn /2 cos0
Vy: I I 4 x 2
y 2
dxdy 16
3 31
x2 y 2 4 3
 Bi tp tch phn mt
I4 (y z )dydz (z x )dzdx (x y )dxdy
S
S l pha ngoi phn mt nn x2+y2=z2, 0z1
Ta vit li pt mt S: F ( x, y , z ) x2 y2 z( 0)
x y
F , , 1
x2 y2 x2 y2
S l pha ngoi nn tc l
php vecto quay xung
di, cos0 nn
1 x y
n , , 1
2 x2 y2 x2 y2
 Bi tp tch phn mt
a tp I4 v tp mt loi 1 vi
1 x y
n , , 1
2 2 2 2 2
x y x y
I4 (y z )dydz (z x )dzdx (x y )dxdy
S
1 x y
I4 (y z) (z x) ( 1)( x y)
2 S x2 y2 x2 y2

1 xz yz
I4 ( 1)( x y ) ds
2 2 2
S x y
1
I4 2( y x ) 2dxdy 0
2 x2 y2 1