Musical Creativity in the First Six Years: A Research Project in Retrospect 2 8S 6 SS Bertil Sundin The Beginning The year was 1960. Ihad been working with children and music for several years and had been given the opportunity to undertake research concerned with musical creativity in young, preschool aged children. In the 10 years that preceded my work, international interest in creativity research had grown steadily, mainly due to J. P. Guilford’s landmark Presidential ‘Address to the American Psychological Association in 1950. Very little of this had spilled over to music education research, howeves, in spite of the pedagogical tradition of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and after him educators such as Pestalozzi, Froebel and others (Rainbow, 1989). My intention was not to undertake a series of experimental studies on learning, bur to devise a study of a kind which today prabably would be called ethnography. Iwanted to find out what children did musically when they were not directly influenced by adult authorities, what children came ‘up with when they were asked to invent their own songs, and what music ‘meant to children. Very few researchers at that timehad attempted totackle these questions in a methodical, systematic manner, Even the concept ‘eulture of childhood’ was practically unknown outside anthropological circles (Goodman, 1970). What I found fascinating at the time was the differing meaning of wo seemingly elated concepts: children's songs (songs made by adults for children) and children’s drawings (drawings made by children). Why was singing considered a recreative activity and scribbling and drawing a0u0 atp ‘souRIsut 04 “wo Os pur ‘sionposd ays Burssasse pue Furstso#9}E> Jo} posn a7e vuDIU> weYM HOU St EY PUE IESTUF se paIUNOD st IY Spooyaynpe 01 sosansaid se ash 10 anys fersads v sv U9as st POOUPIEYD aoipatyan Spastseydua st ssa20xd 0 2onposd soyxaya 1301983 [esDA28 uodn auapuadap auv suormdo snowea af, ‘Aepor sonunu0> UOIsSMasIp StL, (tet -d) umo sxt sowosag 11 req Ava e yons ur Suos axp saftey pur J]asi 505 ‘saenbape st zonaveq auauUos}AuD 52 Wo: 1y> atp sBuos s, yD aMp umowy sayia802 ind 02 puss Aaxp ‘su0s snosueauods wuojsad w uot aeu pansie ssoqmne as94 |, “CayplTe>DJo AaraoMposd ,[ea3, ay anoge aqnop passaudxa (9¢6]) uzewrounyg se ypns ‘sioyssE—s95 29430 -sroypreosos aup 4q suonesazdsoaut aiqeuonsanb or paj axoyaiayp pur paznewiatqosd rou aiem sideou0 ‘21 ng (066 1 Xo) Bu0s ¥I} pur sBuos s,uaspIT TS YALA UORLIouUOD UT Yx0q «pumuaé, ‘amd, sidaouos ayy. Aaiouuaypne Jo ¥PE] e-9q ‘ay 1eYA Jo. asmEDOg soUFaM Aq PopnIIXa asIM SFUOS ISIHLL “PI ‘oH s2ouanym 189 pomoys reqp sBuos ues taspyry> awo: sient 0: U225H] 0% awyp paumsse s9UI9/ 330M waupHyS ax sy “Bu0s PID ,2: jens FOMO| aK Woy ParmsDx wrasoAuT oF por soUI9, Aurpeaysra ‘uaoq avy ©2 wi99s ote sBuos s19q2 1>9q]09 O2 LAYPIYD ay YA pas OU azam Yn Apmis 8.190994 Wo, *S0] paraprsuoD axaM jayvo t9A3s 2304 02 21G¥ LAG Sey SOLID WETUTT] LOPONpS Sysmex pue isifozosisnan ystpams “said mydesBouoyd 7 uo pare|jo> “s8uos suospjfyp jo woneIuaUAN0p [eoHsMODE ISzy YR 51 APMUS $932. sabe, 2S S81 ous UL KyANBOID [D>!59W “(861 JausaM) Yom Jae] sty Ut pauonuaW are synsar 242 Jo suI0g “sdnouf ae IaT—zFIp UI SUUIO, Apojaur TeotdAa Jo suondiassep yum ‘pasdjeur pue popyosay sam sfluos 21], 28e Jo s1waK ¢ pur 677 usom9g pade “uasplIyD wos, sBuos pax391]09 9y arayon ‘euUDIA Ut 9uIOY s,uDIpIYD e Ur YDreRsDS sTY YOOUSPUN JoUIIA, ‘saneig powuy, amp 09 pareafiwe s23e] oym isioJoys4sd pur rstFojoo\snus © Ssouagy ZUH Aq L167 UI paysygnd sem sBu0s umo s,uaxppy> anoge wodas yoreasau 2834 ay, “YOM UNO AUT JO} stapr SuTAEIMWRS paplrosd 2soqp pue ‘]jom se aenBuey ueusas agp ur suondaoxa may B 9aM 3794, *UTR6 ‘puog) sory ypnur joun sz9q20 Sour pur our 2 UAOUUN d30M 984] WAI ING “SpE aq wos; JooyPs uorepunog Ammgsitg aq2 Woxy SLIOdax ayp yo woRda>x> yp Mau (ER6T ‘Uospreyny) sOZ6T ays [AUN sade 20u pip ystSug uF paysygnd Q1areax> s,uaxppy> uo yaseasas Sisnyy “W320 $69] 3Fj JO SEAL ‘umo stoya wo paaeaz9 u2spltyp IY “spAEpUEAS NPE o1 Furps09" wood PIRo> wospyiy> |jam moy Sem ourOYp TUTUTHOP axp ING “U2sPHEYD BUNOK Jo usm 3y2 Ur ISSI2IU! UE PSAOyS YIM (SESE “ELST PnNeH “Ba) sours portup oxp wt paysyqnd asm sorpms soggT aya Sung “wAipesed au1u2> -ounpa sues ays uIpIM papunos’ sem amaesaM pausuO Yoxessss ay]. \papesey 29403 “Surueow essaattm sit ut Is Tewse| worse, ‘ops [eIsnur 9uC “2pdood uomuag sordoyee Sutpeajsrur pure sttoDouRIa YEE Ue sem _purfueut jo Axorsiy 942, 2xoqUOD SIIB UT “epAUZO5 jos 2ip pu s4azan axp Aq pamoyjo} sBu0s auoiouou Yam SurUUTBog ‘puryuEW Jo A2oisiy aq sarendeoas wawdoyasap sir ur pry axa rey Burueom ‘Ppow snousdo1q ap sem ammae2} JueUWOP Y “UH JO} aANBEIFEU-LAW aftuens © yo adeys oy) oye3 of wefoq 3Isnur pu U>IpTY> Inoge sstioap ay} azou ay ‘asaq ayq] suONSaNb Yat paajoaut aureD9q J ax0Ur JH, guorssoxdxo uewmny jo ws0} aueqzodunt ue se oisnur anoge sn [ppi a9u2s991p sup pIpseyA {U0 aA|eD19 unos seat (isn 2d, pur ospiiyp ~ Buysodwiog veapyyoc I yptya saan je) Su0$ “ysaads jo Aouanbaxy ays pasastBos | som1Aap eojuypes saqo pur sopsoses ades oxpne ajqeuiod jo djoy amp uatyy “pouad yiuour oma & umtpim suonearasgo [fe Sunajdusoo pue Xep e uoreAsasqo 2u0 wey OU! ou se Yons ‘s9]ns 398 J9yI0 Burmooy Aq a]qIs80d se aatsequasoxdax se suoneasasqo 3u2s2}}1p amp 2yeur 03 porn [-uoneIo3 Jo 29ps0 pautuuzaIapaxd © ur yaam & Jo sep pue snoy ay3 jo jxaBIP 3 painginstp AjuDA9 2m spouad ay, “sainutu Qoy 2mm uoNArasqo feI01 ayn BurFEN ‘sporzad aunur-ang QZ ZutmMp passasqo sem pry yey pue Y sjooY>s wos} uoR ~eindod 2]oya amp jo ano paisajas éjwopues ‘xs pu any ‘snoj sdnou8 a8e 240 mt yoe9 USEPIEGD un ya “uasp UND OF 03 Parra] sean sI39/qns paAsasqo Aqjenprarpur yo zoquinuraqp uasoy> poo Burwnsuo>-oum yp Jo asneoog, *(Bandures-ausaa) apeur axa qo dnos3 yewoyu a10u > jooyss {way poyrous Surjdures-2ura © yar Apenpraspur pansosqo s10m q pure y Stooyps wo3} asoxp ‘uaspry> axp MOU or Butn98 Jo pouad rene ue JoMyy ‘sunparoid [ououDALOSGO, (4iqeaSueqazaxuy pasn oq rm Sp10Mm Y10q s4oj}0} 11H Worssnastp ayp UI SaAIMOT] ‘pasn sem usULISdsS “en unsa2 oq paqyyfry 2x0m waumsadxa ann e soy stusmasbos [fe 10usy) “uoupyy oyp jo Aaryqe BurBurs pu asazoyu1 eotsnus agp ayes 02 poyse ax ‘2woy re mnoreyaq pu sisax sauazed (e) pamarazoruny sd pur SsBu0s wio s10 (q) pur ‘sBu0s seryrurey (02 payse ayom uaspHy axp 2394m ‘poysous jeauaumtzDd posn J motaeyoq [eaten snorssuos auou ayp moge wzeD| 02 “Z ot Suydures-1u949 pu Buydures-own yo day yearosqo oustfesmveu ‘uedronzed-uou Jo poyraut Testu snoaueauods ay moge use| 01 - *smoyfo} se pastreununs aq ue> ufisap yasvasas ay] $3004 205 1831a O4i w Ayawoeny yo>qsmy 7" ee ‘GGaunce parsonp-zoqzen ou ya) moy ,sejd 2035, yp Sump ape as0m suonealesqo Aur pue Aisa pure uaa UdoMIEG pala sdnor8 2 Ur Ua4PIIYD Jo JaquINU AL “(266 wos wodar s9yZe2 Lut tH pouoRuoRt 204 seas 2ey3 oneastur 4q “Auedionsed jo saquinu pasmbaa ayn uneigo 02 $794 L1'9 pure 9°9 uaasaag waspjiy>aysia pu plo sivak 4° |218 au. apnyour 02 Pey J Ajjenioy) “isolozd ays wt Sunredionsed wr asazoren ue pur ‘sdnor3 ‘uoowaaye pur BumwoW YA0q {(s28—k 9°9-9"¢) uoNINgusIsIp aBe yo wsa312> cn poqnytey (3) PUR g ‘Y sjooYps pajfe 2104) MWOWPorg uy suaazeFzopury SonL, Mep simoy 2an4n 20y papuone aXPHYD "yo suaLreBropury jo ‘jure passes aun seq 3 uapamg ur uss jooypsaud a -s2094 ast 7tfowe 20} panuruo> pur O96 T Z9qur=idag wi Pauses Aprus UreW Ay “varpityp Sumo{ Jo pjiom feorsnu ayp wnoqe axow ano pry 02 Burd jo ue wouruo> e azeys prp 2m ‘soxamop{ “oun ETP Te ayL0 Y>"D jo STeAEUN 21944 348 st aUozayHp nb azam say>eosdde Ine “(9761 ‘foow) Sotuodsos 21oqp 24328q0 01 29ps0 ur ‘uray 205 >¥smar peps0sds Jo spiny uos¥FP podeyd pur aBe Jo s3eo4 wanas o3 dn usspry> pur siueyunt ogg jo Sowioy 243 Pousta 3F] “oun oures aqp xe 19a(02d seyrus v weB9q ‘Tay>ieaso wound © “Soon YanwyaH “{fBunsaxsz0y “synsox Susskjeue yo shem pue Spoon aigeams puy or 4pras aantexojdx9 ue apew y 9961 jo Suuads axp uy 2HOM Plots =hpnas um hy “Pooypiry> uw ofsnur wo surpuy jeourduua jo aouasqe ayy ur pareurwop aanioadsiod PawBuO-YNpe aanetiion ayy “ paren Ksalzeo1> jo wo} Sm jo auauissasse jeoysmur samp ang ‘uaupy> BuoW Aaaryeo%9 [eoysnu © puny ouios o sounistxa 243 snoge poosBe yaseosay Aw BumaeyauLI0} sea {etn 2tp panoze pur ‘ou au0j0q suoyxrasou yo saquinu e‘dn ws of, “auppea aanvars jo worssnostp Aue 20} e1sanH> [eauzes2 aya are s9Kaqaq ay y>IYM uatnonpord pre AaTEUIO jo siuswosmbos 241 Aysnes rou op uaspHy> Jo sfucs ayp aeya sisa6se (961) 209% exp ssBOIONDKsd o3enm y>ng-ueUeBNgY feNUONyUE iirc caer y “| ssiluos St oures ay sem sSuos paiuaaut ay 105 1uatsax8e saxe2 ampaoosd ay, "sdais paqisosap Ayleq.oA aay eat apes uo pares osje ax0m (Caquge antyreao Jo aanseow) sos powtgaut 24) “poaanyse Festaupus9e/8e 29]dul09 [gun ope 219M [etd se posoprsuog suo yum Suosudano> 30 suostrediso> pasted ‘aqnop jo 2st9 TU 96,06 <) Sumsurog 3 OH HBR Ar>4 Sea auoussife Joxe-sxun su0s poonpordss aya 104 peonposdas ay “aiqeidasoe aur pum yo no sjeasoiuy may y wononposdas iaysed is0WY “¢ “sds jeuorsea.0 say kay [eutS136 64 susmax ‘sed ssow 2x9 305 uondsouo> feuos amg “suns Jo 3no sjeazonut uyeasso Inq épopeur reurfivo axp 01 ssauayl| aiqesopisue.) “> ‘uondsou0> feuo junsun pu soyesra eaaas nq kpojaus aqqestuooas kiseq.“¢ “épojau yeurSiz0 aya yatm aouejquiasas rpojaus Pa sSeHpo Inq znowwoD >poppar gues ayp Atsreunxoxddy “7 “Apojpur [wurss0 Op Miia — umdys 249 Woy sede — soueyquiasas ox keanze2g “y ssdais paquosap Aqjeqon ‘him 1835 tod aay uo Psu puv yuestese Ypres ¥ Aq éj9puadaput Paver see (Giniqe SuiSus) sBuos xeqqurey sonposdea on Auiqe 34) sBuos oy 30 wowssossy HOA M15 sng Ou uF Ainge yongenyy yoreosar ayn a12}dwo> oy ~spsom snoyaim Buos v (>) pue “omAys urewz29 8 () ‘sure stays (e) Bus on payse sem pyry> aya (aq AeU ase> axp se ‘su0$ Pavuaau aya 7840) Sururooyai0y sem Buos ou “au 303 #940$ 2804150 90 us o2 a7 pinom Aomp prose jasurays £q sBuos dn apye, Aan 71 payfse sean piny> x fas axou aya Sung wNge SuySuss aya 30 aznseour ay aure20q Suos oxp Suis yo dowana>e ay, “eq 11 02 uO YOY 01 puE past] ays ‘tuos & Buss 02 poyse ua sem ox priya aya o2 4>eq pakeyd pue papso201 seat Gxanow aq] “umap Fo paceyd pp yea astorox9 dn-SunIeA esy “sredionized 01 pasnyas oya usapfty> aaj A394 19m 22211] "2ut 0 Bus pur woos Jaxpoue o3 kjpemprarpur 3uH09 03 Wrayp Po2se | oq aur au} Apeame pu sum a]qesapisu0> v 10} au uads poy UBIPIIyD ox TEMP sem suoneasasqo Sumunsuo> aum ip Jo suomno aamsod y ‘sunparoig jotuowiedze-:s0np *a}q381f80u spaye saazasqo ay dea stip Uy -s[s18 oma Jatpoue Aq pasejdaz ‘Om: soup pur parissqo FuIaq Jo snomsues kpianp 2q oma dquo ‘ojdures aya 30 “wom Yat woos aqp ut aouDKoxd Au adssoe on weaq waspyey> ays ssousansmnbur yo skep maj e s23yy ‘sodes papyooas ayy wou sosuodsas axp Surséqeue 4q spaeansaaye paxyzoy> sem suonearasqo atp yo Asem39" ay “Papnysut ose Sem pouanazo soouezann Jeaysn 2U=s9Fpaxp Y>I UIIALADIUOD ap pure SOnFAND® s PIP paazosqo ata jo uondupsep ¥y “(sounuTW QOL wi speazoxur 003 91) 32814 003 sapEanze asoup Yorye urYataN ‘GoRTEAMp jo spuodas-uay ‘sjeaxonu aura 239m aanseau jo suru ay, “(surpdys Suae9q) ‘Susuep “8'2) Sentanoe jeorsnur snoaueauods s>qp0 pue (ysuid paxy e Suaey se poaizozod ~ Buysedutey wespyy>“Heap Ut sasdqenre 241 ot o8 x04 puw auaunadx2 ay) pure Suonearosqo 243 wos} sqnsay urew 34} 01 yasdursuNyuOD raj ax9py-pacdyoue a8 “292 ‘ad(s pojour o¥p puv sBuos ax: yo suonsoxtp aipoous ayy pur Painduro> arom so8ue3 30104 a pure posnsyearonu ay, suoumsodss aty pue Suoneaz2sqo ay wio¥yqrog ‘paquosuen 2s2M uaspmy>.xp 4q Suns $808.35 synsou “uoapysy> 2p 4q season: popusia aq asm pasoprsuo> 24 2EyM uaop a102m om Uy “wauei8e payseas 24 UM uoLsoNb ur speazomn up Pur sauos aq YBnosya pauanst] yloq 3m ‘papaou jneasfl etn Pasopisuo> | 3 ‘papuarut 29 03 pousDs 4 31 01g YBty e aBuey> YBty 20 (~) soy way EYE sa10U ay2 Jo aUOS {uy “uarsés feuor mo 03 von 4 © Moys plnom sBu0s soya 2eya sem oRdunsse sno “tap Stuoreyp pzeay uaxprry oq aouig‘snondiquie syeasaau oy Uazeta Jo puny sTyp Kata Surpeap ways aqmg Axan29{qns auios sey wondisosues Jo aA As943y ‘soseryd pur Seafout -xpoyau agp 02 Suruarsy 214 Jo ausod snsyoy, ue wos, feuDteM 21 yBnonp vom uoya y -adid-ouma sueworys & jo doy oy yun ‘siou 4q mou’ Ajje2astwore, s8u0s 211 umop ai0um yueystsse Aus 10339 wondtosuEN wourwos si Munp O, Buns O% spuarur pry> ay yu am seyAN o2 eur. isazd 204 920M yoryan SBu0$ 5 uaIpHIGD Teas m sp 9 “9anayno ano ur wists euoy Suneurwop 28 0) Susproooe ua ogat‘ainpe Areurpzo sey sem P3204 1224 AN “50961 ou? at yom doxfa wey Jams 01 Jatseo Yon are stonsonb yons ‘iqupeae ‘eHlojouysan mou ap ye KUM ‘kepoy, Zase> yo ad&i siya m uondussues S09 2S 1a1y Ou Anao—D po>}smy w Pood estaeyqy ¢Suns aq prnoys a yun 2m 4em axp Buos ayp Sus o2 spuarur Pu ay sayp24oa mou am og ;Aspiqe Sura ut srouatayap Ov anp ssf “sBu08 oq) wr syreap saflueyp uayo ays Suos umoL © sBuIs PHYD e U>tgA sBu0g 04) jo suoydyosuoyy 193 99 01 pauis9s Kxan9s9 pur YSty sem 7) 9209 Ua4y “Bums amp jo wwapuadapmi iq Pue suoTIpuOS awiOY aq3 01 passnipe ayes Sunes oures axp uo sBunes kur) aw0y fef21109 ays (aAoge se 2peos aures) pear pur siuazed way -punog 234 WIG 03 29:89p axp st uonsonb iuessodun 940) ‘waead uaaq aavy Prom ausunsedxa aya ut andino eanvaso axa “(Sururen “$') saoueasumou> 2xHo sopun sep aqqeqozd a soyeU sH “szod soy) Aq poxE|HUMAs Ua9q Burary 2237" -ySiy p Suowre damiqeas pomoys osje Aapiqe aane039 oy -sase> 7 1 yak anpar0ad rumroddo ap pry | maumedxa oy say sysam sWI05 “TeurBiz0 pue Buoy axe yryin sluos umo jea4as JoypuE SHMUIUSISSE aYA SUIS “¢ “moj pure Arpeursiz0 Jo s2i89p ureni29 © moys Yor PUR [2Aaq ,21U4yS, aAOgE 2>qsv Pateadas 213m s8u0s aqp so awos “daopse [fej 01 noge pu pag ut 310m Kaxp ‘vay sBu0s ,punos, 20 dn apeur, uazpyryp aos reya ou pjos siuazed a4, Soule 96 oor SI Aovonbory s , € za t Buyoy ssaeauaoiad se umoys 219m (5 Lb) 16 Suturewras ay2 jo sures ayy, -woos s¢snur aya 03 awo: ‘shoq ed ‘voAas uDsplIqo 36 [eurBHI0 aya Jo) “spreauoye ade uo saxppswianp Burze9qy Pue Aijenpraspur SuiBurs 291 02 poursos uaspry> ay; Supfeads Aypes2UI5 jusuipoda-ysonp (,2dou dun! oun nof, ‘Buns ain fey }90425 oy} 04 BuoJoq Jou op oy mopUIM 4 eprsino S16 sow BuisDe, ‘auoB:epuny 04) Jo MopuMn Big ows epssu: Suppuoy a10 sp6 40 dnosB 0 zs Yewo>eio| 0 Bulqqou 210 1B p|osoeh® Jo dnoiB 415 ‘FewOu Pog se4Io 4262 Buyjo> aio sIB-pOIOM-C OM Bis {A04 0% 9214 MOY "4007, YOM sey! Busiosd ‘10 pup s0U09 A202 0 4INg Arby '9B0 40 168K 9 'shog puo S18 ewos 15 Seu BUD Spunos Ym BurenuO> a1D ‘plo 108K y YG ‘hog puD IB 915 “10M, [91041 JON, :}18 oyoUN BuN>o4p 51 jo t109KZ/| 9 ‘NIB sig 102 Koj 0 yum Ayoorayihys 21904 O41 Say ‘dnou8 ewos ex woy fog pig -oy1;8u0s ‘Busy; P-Pjowwekary Jo dno. 0g 1-115 live se4039 Biq 204 104) Burdos UNO, :0jnu9} 29H; 4OHODOKUI uo KYU svaMsuD ‘W18 soYoUD Aq Peusioesy 51 “98040 s100k 9 ‘1B gis 1048 fy 04 3904 sOU0> ‘PIO siDakG hog 4g 4904 204 Oq Big © u} Bus ‘plo side ¢ WB gg “SvoMo OW BuysiOM ‘gesi94 104 Buys ‘Kop Jeyoun ss 00} OW Wo UIOH © YM BUkO}d 8} “9 HOWIO ‘YB 9g “Kop qu Butjepous ‘ages © yo S15 “860 30 19K Z/1 9 oq cS '9qP 2480}4 © u Bu\Bus"puncso sxJom ‘plo s10—A g yroUD og ps swowanow B19 yum ‘22uouodu jo s8uyoos sy Buzi0ju01 “punoso sy}0m pjo t100K y hogqD Eg Uwly PJOt POY 4oyiOU! S14 ~Bul ou pjnoD oy IDE 04 wowredho ay) ui) woo! ey ut punoso Om ‘880 owoR hog e —_z5 1013001 © tojoyw A\UeppNE BD Jo s10eh 9 koqo 1g “07S 92 TS # ‘AD payseue ay UO punoy axe Uo Su108 sem 3eym Jo soqdurexe awiog “2e]nw305 120ys a3} ¥ Jo suoUNadas JO suoneUEA jo worsuny pue ‘Suruvour ‘uowo> ur wonersea teas aya sea ‘siansaws [ei2498 jo pouad & 3940 poystes pue pauaisy Sutaey sayye ‘our yonns seyy “Tensn ose 210m (Q1an2e wo stp Uo SunuaUTWOD ‘SunuIed “Terumeaxpéep “guoTe BuIoq ‘Bip “8>) sBu0s parzssonu a2074 “(uon2e6 uoIssn>sip ayn ut paquosap 94 [1M 2eMA) Pareurtuop Buos-einasi0} axs-aueyP [eos aq, “oon; 10 0 Stpsoose Shem 3U9394y1p 181 pasuo8aue> azom sBuos ay ‘sonianoe [[e asowre jo aed az0m Sued Pur urguis sioyio 20y ryan dyjeuorse290 Sues yuo UaspHIyD ay yo aUIOS sox sem 2ouetzea ayp ang sqeazosut yp Jo %67 SuEmp Sues pur speassnur “Spuo29s-t0t tp Jo %O¢ SuLInp poyes piryp enprarput aya aBesoAE UE jou 2ey2 ye sdnos8 s,uazpjys ayp ut zay punoze uo BuI08 sem zeyia jo ssouareave soy pau seys put s24 01 UoRePAd! ese aure9 pray ys 3ey pu ‘fades axp jo au wos, sidaax9 amos yoeq paxe|d | xqjemieu Pam200 sp aeip azemeun sem pue Aysnoouewods Sus uaxpirq> s9y zwoq z9xou pet 9ys.2etp pauontuous ays oom & sous x94 suossaq>IstUE Sumypear u29q pey pur own ur parsozaiun Aaa sem 2042621 sty, -2WOy 2408 pey uaxpItY> ayp 39ye ‘S[OOYDs 24} Jo aU0 wos} Jo4>eAL e YLM 1eyD & PY | UoIse220 uo Uo ‘aydurexa 104 -sBu0s s.uouprYD 342 3o Suypuerssapun sno 20} Azepunog & S198 yoryas ad32u09 v ‘orsmU jo 1429%09 parUat4O-3|pE aqp aprsano sipey Surkrs sryp Lea e uy “synpe dq poazosqoun of sour Atreu Pur uoRemp 2204s 30 uayo axe ‘08 pur 2109 s8u0s snosuEWOds §,UaspII4-> SurBurs snoeuniuods :uoyonsesqo Bursodwo3 voupiuya 20}0n oy {ym 294960) stownysuryI0 oy Bulsn poLiojed “plo t200K 9 ‘OHI>e> Zes “[uouduosuoy, JOY. SUDEW BO = 3 es0yR S0wo> Ueyy Uajoag 51 4g POI §! Pa1q 241 "8044 © U1 poy snoyyum Pilg pos D 11 Buds oy uoyans 01 poy ug ‘@31 ou wow voy oUOWUUY [ES sossan {ied Jo pus ey) 10 suoy2e* paroada: ay a1 wi0; jo suey u sos0/u! 40 "v0 s240up Ang 04 Lovow sry yo s0En oY2y puo sioeddosip uoo}og 841 "YPUEIG oY Uo Pe!088 5] UIOBO Boy ox10n puodes o4 Uy ueH, © puy 01 doy 30} 580 pun Aq sossod MOP SI} puB Y>u0sq © U0 Bus 1 apy a20ym ‘Buos 0 ewo> no pUD ‘pay ays Pine ys 484 por | puD WAM 4! MOY pOxs0 BYE “09 0 uo Ios voo|og ‘9123 ) ,Bup¥s us od yos *Buoyog ayy, 14 O4y Burs of (wespyy> s0yo 24 YO PIP | 94H) 104 poyse | ‘844 Buying “owoy 19 ouoid 4 10 Aisnorosu0> peroduio> ‘syoW 9 puo s1D8k ¢ som O¥M ‘eOW -suy kuoep pedoydsip s1“wioj o esues 0 ‘suoyuayu! joucy urDUe> sos0> 9041 ut uaa inq iods oY) Uo pasiroidun Ayuopire oom sBuos wos OES ‘puny 424i 21NF wo | Joye}oW ‘SY J9 sBu0s axow use anny Pinoys a10y) ‘Aus youoydenxe sows s1 yoy Buos peouenyur x20: 0 Buos oslo uol_4zg “wou sy BuiBuis jo Aom (200k OF U) 2509 94) oF $1404 puo sBuos s,ouex, us Buows st osjnd extreounp ‘oqwYyAY ay gz-ZzZ5 ‘#noy JoUUNS s1y sowor9q SHOpIB1y © shng vay 944 y>0q AsLOW sy 108 puo yuoq oy 944 ‘20p/ Uo 06 oy ju of nogo 8} UoWMoUE oy YOY "/yynO0G +1 BuiyAsone pun sowoo Bur “AouoW 24 89Au1 01 yUBG © 0% S006 r ‘2124 x0q-AavoW 109 YOWMOUE Out ‘Hoey W001 0 voyouBow 104 Bu {0YM Jo Buri 51 eves; vey so0y ud 240 sous Bump uexpiy> oy: £q pepe. "uowAoUs nog Buor ow 724 #MOYS “euay|“#!2UA\/rerodwon owDs oy gz 102 PUD ny YM sewo ApOQAJaNe, [opoul Buos 94) ueyt puo Budeam suogs 56 4 S194 Jo\you Joy puo Porp soy soyioy 18 0 oqo 010 spiom 04) “ss004 9 a6 ‘eves Ac Bos 4PRs “ex0PIO} YsIpams Jo sn purwies sBuos ay Jo wos ¢z 5 ‘9204 Poprj> “41 ev sBuor 94 $0 omy. ve¥Jou sy 0} s10MCY By BUING pUD owoY 8106 ‘somoy Bunaid 18 © Jo sGuos joranes s6ur “9'¢ 0B ‘caeuBy 77 § Buyioaig oy Aq pourwiowop s ord a1uyAys oY) puo 20/04 Uys 10 @20y S648 Jey AuoW Uy Fy Ayn INDMUS jowO) 0 {A twoweOR jovOHEd Do 51 uopsexduy Au s1UeWe,® >Ipordoys Jo ands © y001 Loy oy “pun uo e104 ewin> Uoy) ‘o-0 404 eu0> 'g SHIT, *$P10M ey @%y| ‘Aom jourBuo uD Ul seyssBo| jnd unos ypuym suod Aq posoduio> s) Buos {04s ey, “us0} yum sBuos soo sBurs ays 50 anu 9q Kou 1404 04) ‘Asnoinerd POY oys Buryiowos som 141 10 ods ou vo dn pow som Buos 24 41 MoU 104 Op | 0510 woo ey, 104) ew SyoA AuoppHE “pg 960 ‘UUY Ez § “Hon ‘au “Aypoung oy 24) Ut APO] Pury oy syuOy seyow oy pu 09 © ut sys Joyous}, 2104) doo} ‘24 01 Umop S014 Ayseunq eU0 Buos iSO} oY) uj “UIOBO xD9p 100g oY) o1U0 ‘2w0> ays ‘sex/0ung inaqo sBu0s Bue] >is Buos ey ‘ejdwioxe 10, ‘sBuos 221 u eayou Buun>es 0 Jo SUoNOUDA pesn ‘pO HOBK g “ewUOM 22-125 “Molfo} sajdurexe awiog uaursdxo axp ur sfuos ayp 305 ann sploy ures ay, 320 asnl pray azom siox30 ‘SyBru sou ayiu suoneueR yim SB 2A IS 18444 OM wy ARANDOLD jODsNW Bujsodwen weupEyDov “soouesopip snonfqureun pu ze2q> kue[eaA330U pip uaspyt>aanDID se3], 2p pu asour axp u2amu0q uostrediios y “ae ystm Ajuroptres Afuo parses 3] ‘Suored ayp jo asozaiun jeotsrun 349 09 pu a2ua8y 4ysuoneyas ou pamoys yuounsodxo qu posnseause Aaqe aae2s9 9) ig doxs axoge pares sem auo-ou quounadxa atp tt $8408 1uDAM ©) payse way ang Spay] UaxpIIY aya Y>ry ‘s: jeu Buoy yas 800s wospyry> tp ayes 294>"23 249 q [004s UT SfooY>s aaNID a4 Jo HIENS ISM OATIENID aSe9] at 21948 wopj9s Aatp spremuo afte 2ey3 woxy pur “urs 01 spremdn pur aay woxy shoq ayp Aq ,ysts18, pasaprsu0> Sea. [OOYDs SII "Paze s8e{>-BuTyF0% © UY podenys sem Yor Joours 9 ausn200 pur Isaxe—x8 au9M SIDUDZaYIP x98 9Y “s]O0Y>S 109 ay2 ae suzaned parzea pasoys (uonsnpord) indino aaneaso auf, isai8e auaxaqztp 20 sog pure s1218 usamtaq seouarayIp 1ueSyrUss ou pamoys ‘Ssenuo ut ‘Kejd assy Sump Aanoe yeoisnur snosuewuods ayy. “suared 2349 Jo azo rors yp 1 drysuonyjss ponzodxo ue pamous ospe Anqtqe Suds: Paseasout souasayytp sty skoq ay ueyp suossa| snus aq} Ur porsoxsiut asou 229m pu (Wononposdas) so9q Sues 5118 aq.) “rmoyfnomp %¢ seas aouroyedis Jo [oa] OU “ssa omouesed pue snowed uou tioq qm parson Suoneyazio1ur pu pareduro> az0m safe pur soxas‘sjoouss ay Jo s]Ns92 94,1, sdyysvoyoroy “somyjno pue sop4os atsnar penunod Aueur Buuzan09 spunos Jo azois © paiuasaudar pasn waspfiy> amp yore ‘sauioy pur syeasoiut ‘saysud ayy “2903s sare] € -08-£]-{08) aaoge puooas & yim paunqui0> Fu10q x Teuonvonps ur paqussep uorssasfioud yeiuswdozaaap ss138 ox sem Puy 20U Pip | IeYA\ “BUTERA s.piIED ay WO AqeoTUNAYL paseq me, *S 18a OU UY AyADeID [O>;SNW uuoyo pu ‘sou AyjeotieW pur Aqjbuo1 azam sHuos ay, “aeyus0} uaLINSaE tures ur spam Pur spuozes jo suonemquio> se yons syeazaut ews 04 90% © soieoIpUl [euDTEW pa1rdTI09 AW AIPerPOTWY Soar] ay y2ans ypryaa uo pue ‘ws0q sem 24 tog ‘oureu ajoym ayy sSurs apf -(¢¢s) oureN sy ek a8) sre uayan se “yBnoWp ‘suoNdaaxo awHOs 919M DIONE *RZ—LZS Ut ON “aey2 asnl Sues wozpryo xp souren roy: Bu 03 payse aya osfy warp 2tf aejnuins 20u prp pue as0ys Ar94 AIfensn aua% sBuOS sS97PI0M 94, or py we spo ee ie ee-wop ed-pey 2p-uny oeu-oe w2-8sq upg din apa po i =. SSS See ep ==> S—a- eae fea spe. span pl din af dey cals tet gem my OOS SSS as Sate 5 + — a E ay-fod ua way yap = a uP gm oy oy - ——s = == S SSS Sa eee Q Ss a = <= vor nem ws = Buy op -ey an -ImHE_ HOY, a zi P= SSS => 2 pdms mor pS yw Sue ma ag s-0 SSS SSeS ep ren Tee ts rs“€¢) 22%) 01 0} pue uNpdys an pre aman uo suaypmry> ayn Su aenaad 2po9 susm8uy jo worssaudx aya ase doy ssoufurSuojaq pur Aa ‘Huw “warpage Suno4 jo mnoreyoq jeorsnu yp aururexa on sem asodind AL spsodwoo «pur ody auoudojaazp pias Aq por puE‘gyG1 pur 661 ‘Poesig paiompuoo sea Xpmos sry, 98 o s2¥a4 xi 0 nn WON} Uap PoafOAul pur “eruz0p1}e-) ut }ooy>s uoRepUNO. Arnqsiiig 2¢p se wayerz2pun SON 3855 AL HOM Au 01 saysteU BunsaLo1 pe soIpnis souno omy, Suds snoourmuods worssnosiq “dno8 aaneai>-yBty euro a woxy aurea suos dn apes, TNS Oya! stenprarpur Aquo oy, “siusumnsu Buried Jo souatzadxs sou, Suan pur Tevousl © 30 uowsaxdsa we oq on suas 2224 pouyop re Ktatvas> [eosnyy Se 5 ARSED cea,es ts Pomionuis 8uraq aze spunos uaya sammposoxd; Tewi0330 wonsuny aya jo Sump qa oPm veut we axvy 03 zeadde uaspry> Sunok ey osm Oya “(1 APE 9 24H ononpy te FECA Ho “8 1861) puog 01 2391 0124 prom taxeqap Si UF yIeUID2 BuIs0}9 kur sy sare S207¢4 0 suonsanb saree en cee HOFer osm, 4 s are a tomsussdus poe9qpnoysnonpord ag sapeyn pa, aniston ncneaget armen aris enti my pospme wenioma ee Pur eipauy, SO} 138 Zax WP Ho “oBe szvad Azua938 01 Aax1$ pip damn se & ah Prvasay 7 adeno ee test capaaar ae a ademas ee, ipo Suowe st Ann 4 mine 018 Aepaijo se hPWO2 wSPounsod oy p ‘uos zusaut uaxphiy> Sumo4 aso 18 10N, “wor>anp sa uraurod (gg¢1) Puy 42 Yor ur prom Suymog def 7m Jo aso pue ‘Su[NS33 AW “uazpyrys 280k toad Aq s8uos f Smuts Trio} sues sx9 panos oxey deus kaa ‘pey Aap 51 “spjo-reak Sree JaStnok sizolqns due aaey 20U prp aoazeg pur saiaeq “uospy> Plo-sok-24y ut $8uos paws posrea pu posruefiie Aqjesmonns punoy { "1 (9661) sotieg sarefteyy pu (2661) sec TeI0- “moms uy ‘afte zoyto ue 1e uetp Apreajo aroun seodde sSu0s } f ‘ : | aogeraeata® Sea 6x Lange poe amine soy oon trad or ;Z22P1 30 apt aaceary ay Ee ee PUA noe Jo ae ay Hu Busoduso9 snoras409 J a}gedeauy ase uaxppypasow 341 2 30HMP wDyeLsspuin 389 oan sssfoid pence tp — 4 75H) Mot 241 Woddns 01 wa0s siom pa (yg) sity UYof Aq sfpury rena) ‘Satpnas spree AeePe sand n adamant ane sbu0s poi z SUDIpITYD pre. maa cae eee PAL “(S66 ‘upung) 84009 aoua125 (LLL) aenduy guarpyry> — spms 522! £qpastdsu usog ancy en EA A089 tyres 4a woy BRU Rat 21° Copaea seg a sera yates uaa ear, dey we rpauasonee et 02 PION a9 8 s20neOnp eu fon eensinl 2) sonen sonia por migp con Sn “ey dy ee reo gon CM nse ag ayn sag APM "oDRONT ‘pom ‘Boosted ede may eee no poeta sx nL aIPINP 10 Saa4 Susrguos i JG BaD woemCS our ef came yo apes meray hes Aoueyuy sy 51 sonpoad pu g 3° qemu oe eet Ateoiam rou paral oumtow fog tortor SUUPIYS Uw Yoreasag, Pu s2ss9003d reuomsoduios Soy fenaxauo> v yo aed otsuunut ue st Surfing snoaueiuods §uaspinyy SSI 2 Suump yonur qure3} 10" snip SurSins snosueiuods 284 34 27 sonfie aye “Bursoduros wazpiryo an a 20 J0 somuray jessonrun aya sossazdxa (gg) Ploaysolg "2jouym v txs0} ZoLth PaP (1661 ‘louszomureyy) Spy 3809 1509 € “spo ‘quouto,owr {09 “BurSuig -wonewes aygesaprsu0> moys 42% Bunuaisy S980, wo ing, 99 4m Kou. “warp jo.1ed vq 30 satance warayp duedwoooe wes éo4p ‘towsas Sear omm suey>ueoing ioqsdmaresBios-eqy i anal Baedaaa30 ansy} oures oy ut oxdo3 ates oy 2 omeys a ps oma an 'q¥42002 0818 395) 71-1 “99 ‘woxsrompy creer ce oe ineraarancoeprencie jooyps-oud 943 fo aun oe. Poogeread 243 Jo: ads prem 241 (9961 Wut wean eg susequadoy [orsnu poe se SBUPINP PIO s3Pak 9-9 Lm 80 wo 9 99" Spry “Sth ‘S ‘ssBopoyrhsg urrusuey dnatieos: ‘sioarug wiquinyon ww A3a1908 Jo sonia: Lae ‘pus Guro0s fo soarn 92-5 pp ‘poppe Jo suns 941, (026 smnflingomon surwsisaton oy My 10) Kiazog woqeEKY 2a Jo 22u21aJuo> youowwn, aol 241 Jo sSuspar201d 22uase}u0r) “worsen? smu Jo Knyonb 299 Sanosdusy oro 243 Buruoyy “(3pa) BIEL “WW ax] "HUT (s-9¢) aurea] 2m aney seU194 “Bursodio> UaIpINID ($661) WHEE so2uasayoy -yeum0} popuedxa uv ur 2:34; pasuasaid sta ZoADMOH] “MOHOMPA 285m _uy sonpmas qpuvasay] Jo 30851 661 TOqwIEDIG aya ut parzodas Seo YPIEOSI: YL FN -reyruns Kz94 99 we> saurjdrostp om aya Jo sassa00xd @uneax-Aanuapt pure jeuonsesaIUT ayp Tosmoy{ “sjeo8 ruas94Ftp wp somianse jo spury suas2jptp aszn09 jo aze Adesarpoy>isd pu voneonpy -ronposd pur ssao0ad usoaniag Ausdyog>1p [eEagETE ang jeuonypen ay jo TauUOPUEGe we od peal ryfrur rey “UaxPIY? Jo sassaz0ud yesuowdojaaap ayn jo Supueissapun sodzap & 02 Pea| pmo etp soBuey osm aytoads ‘suormeazesqo pareadas ysnosyp ‘Ino puy o2 yo voxe amp ur ypu: qpim S00 30490 rom suSsap TeuoRpen jo usronidaas & Aq pasanverEyp aze EKA (9661 Soysumao 29 [PSs St afdusexo Ue) AdexoxpoypAsd se YoNS seoze UI spuEZ _yoreasaz wu jo sorpmus jared Woy pauted aq pynoo Sumpawos sdeqi2d “Auaneas9 yo ands yp so Punpawos armade> ov Burn yo praasur (saareusanye WA's “soyea3 Suoure sanioy> Suryeerspicnd 2xp wus) stoadse fearuta=3 Uo S120} 6 uayo suraas yose2sox Aayanseas9 w9Ag “Pom se SonyeA Jo VONeOKUNUTTIOD ayp pure vorDersiuT feoysMu UO Yosedsas 30F ann SPIO AOUR;UT s SSetces Composing: Reimers, L (1997). Barnsing och nytt kallmaterial. Reflektioner kring en peda- sogisk potential (Children’s songs and new source material. Reflections on a Pedagogical potential). In Nordisk musikpedagogisk forskning. Arbok 1997. Révésx,G. (1964, German original 1946), Introduction to the psychology of music. London: Longmans, Green 8 Co Richardson, C. P. (1983). Creativity in music education: A review. Bulletin of the ‘Council for Research in Music Education, 74, 1-21. Russell, R. L., & Orlinsky, D. E. (1996), Psychotherapy research in historical perspective: Implications for mental health care policy. Archives of General Psychiatry, $3, 708-715. Schiimemann, G, (1930). Musikerziebung. Leipzig: Kistner & Ziegel Sundin, B. (1997). Musical creativity in childhood — A research project in retrospect. Research Studies in Music Education, 9, 48-57, Sundin, B. (1995, thied edition, first edition 1978). Barns musikaliska utveckling (Children’s musical development]. Stockholm: Liber utbildning. Sundin, B. (1963). Barns musikaliska skapande [Musical creativity in childhood) Stockholm: Liber. ‘Wernes, H. (1917). Die melodische Erfindung in friihen Kindesalter. Vienna Kaierliche Akademie der Wissenschaften. ‘Wernes, H. (1948). Comparative psychology of mental development. New York: Wiley.