KT CU NG C Dng Vit Dung

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Phn 1: NG HOC, NG LC HOC C CU KHUYU TRUC THANH

TRUYN NG C
Muc ch:
- Thit lp quy lut chuyn ng cua piston va thanh truyn
trn c s a bit quy lut chuyn ng cua truc khuyu vi gia thit
truc quay vi vn tc goc = const.
- Xac nh cac gia tr va s thay i cac lc xut hin trong
tng thanh phn chuyn ng cua c cu khi ng c lam vic
lam c s khao sat lc va mmen tac dung ln c cu phat lc nay.
Y ngha:
la mt trong nhng c s chnh cho vic tnh toan thit k
ng c.

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1.NG HOC
Vi gia thit truc khuyu quay vi vn tc goc = const, th goc quay truc
khuyu ty l thun vi thi gian, con tt ca cac ai lng ng hoc la cac ham phu
thuc vao bin s .
1.1.Xac nh qui lut ng hoc bng phng phap giai tch
- dch chuyn cua pittons x = R.[(1 - cos) + /4.(1 - cos2)]
- Vn tc dch chuyn pittons V = R..(Sin + /2.Sin2)
- Gia tc chuyn ng pittons j = R 2 .(cos + .cos2)
1.2.Xac nh qui lut ng hoc bng phng phap th
a.Giai x bng th Brich
Khi truc khuyu quay mt goc th piston dch chuyn mt khoang x so vi
v tr ban u (CT). Chuyn v cua piston trong xilanh ng c tnh bng cng
thc sau:
x = R.[(1 - cos) + /4.(1 - cos2)]
y la phng trnh chuyn ng cua c cu truc khuyu thanh tryn, biu
din bng khoang trt cua piston phu thuc vao ,R( ban knh truc khuyu)
- Ve na vong tron tm O ban knh R.Chon t l xch sao cho ng knh AB
cua 1/2 vong tron bng oan Vh/V trn th cng.
- Ly v bn phai tm O mt im O sao cho OO = (R/2)R.
-T O ke cac tia ng vi cac goc O0, 100, 200,.., 1800. Ve h truc vung goc
S- pha di 1/2 vong tron. Truc O dong t im A biu din gia tr . Truc OS
biu din gia tr S.Chon t l xch : [/mm], S = R[mm/mm]
- T cac im chia trn 1/2 vong tron Brich,ta ke cac ng thng song song
vi truc O va t cac im chia (co goc tng ng )trn truc O ta ke cac ng
nm ngang. Cac ng nay se ct nhau tai cac im 0,1,2,3,..18.Ni cac im nay
lai ta co ng cong biu din dch chuyn x theo x = f().

=2 /mm

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

S = 2,085 mm/mm

3,23 12,23 25,18 39,74 53,73 65,56 74,37 81,5

S

Hnh 1.1. th chuyn v S = f()

b.Giai vn tc v bng phng phap th

Theo giai tch vn tc v cua piston xac nh theo cng thc:
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V = R..(Sin + /2.Sin2)
T trn ta co:
V = R..(Sin + /2.Sin2) = R.. Sin + R.. /2. Sin2 = V1+V2
Vn tc trung bnh cua piston c xac nh theo cng thc:

S.n
Vtb =
30
Trong o:
S: hanh trnh cua piston( m) ; S = 2.R; n:s vong quay truc khuyu(v/ph)
i vi ng c diesel Vtb > 6,5 cung co th xem la ng c cao tc. Ty s
Vmax/Vtb thng vao khoang 1,6
V(m/s)
v=0,1455(m/s)/mm
180
160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20
S = 2,085 mm/mm

3,23 12,23 25,18 39,74 53,73 65,56 74,37 81,5
S

Hnh 1.2 th vn tc V=f(S)

c.Giai gia tc j bng th Tl

Theo giai tch gia tc j cua piston xac nh theo cng thc:
jmin=jmax=434,85(m/s )/mm2
J max

Hnh
A 1.3 th gia tc
E j=f(S) B J (m/s )
2
J min

Hnh 1.3 th gia tc J=f(S)

dv dv d dv
j= = . = . = R 2 .(cos + .cos2)
dt d dt d
2. NG LC HOC
2.1.Xac nh cac khi lng qui dn
*Khi lng tham gia chuyn ng thng :
Cac chi tit may trong c cu KTTT tham gia vao chuyn ng thng gm:
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- Cac chi tit trong nhom piston
- Thanh phn khi lng nhom thanh truyn c quy dn v u nho thanh
truyn.
- Trong qua trnh tnh toan, xy dng cac th lc tac dung c tin li,
ngi ta thng tnh toan lc quan tnh trn mt n v din tch nh piston (
cung th nguyn vi ap sut tng bung chay ng c)
m = mnp + m1 [kg/m2]
mnp [kg/m2] - khi lng nhom piston;
m1[kg/m2]- khi lng thanh truyn qui v u nho thanh truyn;
mtt [kg/m2] khi lng thanh truyn.
Qui khi lng chuyn ng tnh tin tnh trn n v din tch nh piston:
Din tch nh pittng :
D 2
S pt = [m2]
4
2.2. Xac nh lc quan tnh chuyn ng thng
PJ = -mJ = -mR2(cos + cos2)
PJ = pj1 + pj2

Vi: pj1 = -m.R.2.cos - la lc quan tnh cp 1, co chu ky 1 vong quay truc

khuyu.

pj2= -m.R.2..cos2 - la lc quan tnh cp 2, co chu ky 1/2 vong quay

truc khuyu
- Lc quan tnh chuyn ng thng lun tac dung theo ng tm xilanh ng c, co
ln va chiu thay i theo goc . Du cua lc quan tnh pj1 va pj2 c xac nh
nh vong tron xet du
+ Xet du lc quan tnh cp I, cp II :
Qui c: lc quan tnh co chiu hng vao tm cht khuyu se co gia tr dng va
ngc lai

2.3. Xac nh lc quan tnh chuyn ng quay:

Pk = m2 R2 [MN/m2]
2.4.Khai trin cac th
Khai trin th P-V thanh P- :

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S dung th Brich khai trin th P-V thanh th P-.
Khi chuyn sang th PJ- i du PJ lai. Cng th Pkt- va th P- ta c:
P1-
P1 = Pkt + PJ
7
6.5
6 Pkt
5.5
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
P1
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-3 Pj
Hnh 2.4. th khai trin Pkt,Pj,P1
Lp bang tnh cac lc tac dung ln cht khuyu :
T = P1sin(+)/cos
Z = P1cos(+)/cos
N = P1tg
Bang 2.1.Biu din thanh phn lc theo : N= f(), Z= f(), T= f()
0 P1 Sin(+)/cos T Cos(+)/cos Z Tg N
0
720

T,Z,N
2
(MN/m )

3
T
Z
N
2

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720
-1

-2

Hnh2.5 : th T- Z-N

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3. TNH TNG T TRONG NG C NHIU XI LANH PHN B

THNG HANG
- Xac nh th t lam vic cua ng c
- Xac nh goc lch cng tac cua cac xi lanh
- Lp bang xac th t lam vic cua cac xi lanh
- xac nh lc T nh ng c 1 xi lanh
- Lp bang tnh cac gia tr Ti tng xi lanh.
- Tnh tng T: T = T1 + T2 + T3 + T4
Bang 2.2.Bang tnh tng T
1 T1 2 T2 3 T3 4 T4 T
0
7200

T 2

(MN/m )

2
Ttb
1

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720
-1

-2
Hnh 2.6. th tng T

Tnh gia tr Ttb. Da theo cng thc :

30 N i103
Ttb = [ MN / m 2 ]
RFp d
Ve th phu tai tac dung ln cht khuyu :

10 0
710

20 700
520 500
540
30 560 690
580 160 480
140
200 180
600 220 470
40 240 340 330 120 680
460
320
50 260 670 450
310
270
60
280290 300
660 440 T
70 650
O 430
14 13 11 10 420
R
0
15 9 410
P 16 8
17 O' 7 400
18 6
19 5
20 4 390
21 3
22
23 0 1 2

360

380

370
6
Z

Hnh 2.7. th phu tai tac dung ln cht khuyu

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Ve h truc toa vung goc Z-T.Truc Z co chiu dng hng xung di

t cac gia tr T,Z ln h truc T-Z, ng vi mi cp ta co mt im, anh s
0,1,2,..72. Ni cac im o lai ta co th vec t phu tai tac dung ln cht khuyu.
Dch gc toa xung mt oan bng gia tr lc quan tnh ly tm :
PR0 = -m2R2 [MN/m2]
y chnh la tm cht khuyu 01.
Xac nh phng chiu va im t lc
Gia tr cua lc la vect tnh t gc 01 n mt v tr bt ky ma ta cn; Chiu
cua lc la t tm ra ngoai;
im t nm trn phng keo dai cua vect va ct vong tron tng trng
cho cht khuyu.
Khai trin th vect phu tai Z-T thanh th Q- :
Ve h truc toa Q-, chon t l xch Q = 0,05[/mm]va Q=T=Z
Trn cac im chia cua truc O- ta ln lt t cac vect tng ng vi cac goc.
Chng han 100,200,..,7200.
Ni cac u mut vect lai ta co th khai trin Q=f().
Lp bang ve Q=f().
Bang2.3.Bang tnh Qtb
0 Q 0 Q 0 Q 0 Q
0
180 540 720
Xac nh Qmax, Qtb, Qmin

Qtb 2
(MN/m )
2

2 Qtb
1

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720

Hnh 2.8. th khai trin cua vect phu tai tac dung trn cht khuyu

Ve th phu tai tac dung trn u to thanh truyn :

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Dung mt t giy bong, trn t giy bong co cac im chia ng vi cac goc
(+) . Sau o t t giy bong ln th vect phu tai tac dung trn cht khuyu.
Ta tin hanh xoay t giy bong ngc chiu kim ng h ng vi goc d t giy
bong th co goc (+) trn t giy bong, c mi ln xoay nh vy ta anh du cac
im trn t giy bong. Sau o ta ni cac im lai ta c th phu tai tac dung
ln u to thanh truyn.

173 720180
165 710 10 186 194
158 700 201
20
151 208
143 690 30 216
135 224
680 40
126 330 233
340
50
670 320
117 232
310

350 60
107 660 253
300

97 650 70 262
290 T'
86 280 410
80 273
640
400 420
270 90
73 630 430 284
390
260 360 100 440
620
250 110
63 610 450 296
240 120
600 230 460
180 380
590 130
51 580
160
140 470 308
560 480
540
38 500 490
321

25 370 334
13 0 346

Z'

Hnh 2.9. th lc tac dung ln u to thanh truyn

th mai mon cht khuyu :

- Chia vong tron tng trng cho cht khuyu thanh 24 phn bng nhau,anh
s th t theo chiu ngc kim ng h.
- T cac im chia 0,1,2,3,..23.Trn vong tron 0, ke cac tia 0o,10,20,..,230
keo dai ct th phu tai tac dung trn cht khuyu cac im xac nh. Ta lp c
tng phu tai tac dung ln 1 im t la Qi. Gia tr cua tng Qi c ghi vao cac
co anh du trc, sau o cng tt ca cac gia tr trn tng ct co tng phu tai tac
dung trn cac im cua b mt cht Qi
Lp bang gia tr tnh Qi
Bang 2.4. Bang xac nh vung anh hng cua Q i

im 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 .................. 20 21 22 23
Qi
Q0 ..................
Q23 ..................
Q ..................

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12
13 11
14 10

15 9

16 8

17 7

18 6

19 5

20 4

21 3

22 2
23 1
0

Hnh 2.10. th mai mon cht khuyu