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MCDP 1 Warfighting PDF
MCDP 1 Warfighting PDF
20 June 1997
FOREWORD
Eight years ago the Marine Corps published the first edi-
tion of Warfighting. Our intent was to describe my phi-
losophy on warfighting, establish it as Marine Corps
doctrine, and present it in an easy-to-read format. In the
foreword to that manual, I charged every officer to read
and reread the text, to understand it, and to take its mes-
sage to heart. We have succeeded. Warfighting has
stimulated discussion and debate from classrooms to
wardrooms, training areas to combat zones. The philoso-
phy contained in this publication has influenced our ap-
proach to every task we have undertaken.
Semper Fidelis,
Warfighting
B. H. Liddell Hart
WAR DEFINED
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MCDP 1 The Nature of War
F1UcTI0N
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UNCERTAINTY
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FLUIDITY
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DIsoluER
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VT an snn ..na MCDP 1
COMPLEXITY
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Tm HUMAN DIMENSION
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war; an act that may break the will of one enemy may only
serve to stiffen the resolve of another. Human will, instilled
through leadership, is the driving force of all action in war.
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Tm EVOLUTION OF WAR
War is both timeless and ever changing. While the basic na-
ture of war is constant, the means and methods we use evolve
continuously. Changes may be gradual in some cases and
drastic in others. Drastic changes in war are the result of de-
velopments that dramatically upset the equilibrium of war
such as the rifled bore, mass conscription, and the railroad.
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CONCLUSION
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Chapter 2
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There are two ways to use military force to impose our will
on an enemy. The first is to make the enemy helpless to resist
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MEANS IN WAR
At the highest level, war involves the use of all the elements
of power that one political group can bring to bear against
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Military operations other than war and small wars are more
probable than a major regional conflict or general war. Many
political groups simply do not possess the military means to
wage war at the high end of the spectrum. Many who fight a
technologically or numerically superior enemy may choose to
fight in a way that does not justify the enemy's full use of that
superiority. Unless actual survival is at stake, political groups
are generally unwilling to accept the risks associated with
general war. However, a conflict's intensity may change over
time. Belligerents may escalate the level of violence if the
original means do not achieve the desired results. Similarly,
wars may actually de-escalate over time; for example, after an
initial pulse of intense violence, the belligerents may continue
to fight on a lesser level, unable to sustain the initial level of
intensity.
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LEVELS OF WAR
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All actions in war, regardless of the level, are based upon ei-
ther taking the initiative or reacting in response to the op-
ponent. By taking the initiative, we dictate the terms of the
conflict and force the enemy to meet us on our terms. The
initiative allows us to pursue some positive aim even if only
to preempt an enemy initiative. It is through the initiative that
we seek to impose our will on the enemy. The initiative is
clearly the preferred form of action because only through the
initiative can we ultimately impose our will on the enemy. At
least one party to a conflict must take the initiative for
without the desire to impose upon the other, there would be
no conflict. The second party to a conflict must respond for
without the desire to resist, there again would be no conflict.
If we cannot take the initiative and the enemy does, we are
compelled to respond in order to counteract the enemy's
attempts. The response generally has a negative aim, that of
negatingblocking or counterattackingthe enemy's inten-
tions. Like a counterpunch in boxing, the response often has
as its object seizing the initiative from the opponent.
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While opposing forms, the offense and defense are not mu-
tually exclusive. In fact, they cannot exist separately. For ex-
ample, the defense cannot be purely passive resistance. An
effective defense must assume an offensive character, striking
at the moment of the enemy's greatest vulnerability. As
Clausewitz wrote, the defense is "not a simple shield, but a
shield made up of well-directed blows."3 The truly decisive
element of the defense is the counterattack. Thus, the offense
is an integral component of the concept of the defense.
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STYLES OF WARFARE
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COMBAT POWER
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CONCLUSION
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Chapter 3
"It is not enough that the troops be skilled infantry men or ar-
tillery men of high morale: they must be skilled water men
and jungle men who know it can be doneMarines with
Marine training. "2
Earl H. Ellis
MCDP I Preparing for War
FORCE PLANNING
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ORGANIZATION
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DOCTRINE
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PROFESSIONALISM
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TRAINING
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only with the education establishment, but also with the com-
mander and the individual.
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PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
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EQUIPPING
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CONCLUSION
There are two basic military functions: waging war and pre-
paring for war. Any military activities that do not contribute
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Chapter 4
THE CHALLENGE
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MANEUVER WARFARE
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TV 4*4 AAAA nn. MCDP 1
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PmLosoPiw OF COMMAND
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DECIsI0NMAIUNG
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MISSION TACTICS
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COMMANDER'S INTENT
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MAIN EFFORT
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COMBINED ARMS
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CONCLUSION
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MCDP 1 Notes
5. Clausewitz, p. 121.
6. Ibid., p. 595.
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I. Clausewitz, p. 87.
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assess risks for the use of military and other instruments of national
power; develop global plans or theater war plans to achieve those
objectives; and provide military forces and other capabilities in ac-
cordance with strategic plans." (Joint Pub 1-02)
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2. Ibid.,p. 134.
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MCDP1
10. Mission: "The task, together with the purpose, that clearly
indicates the action to be taken and the reason therefor." (Joint Pub
1-02)
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