*(

Superior Seismic Data from the Borehole

:
. .

*( ) Oilfield Review .(

 Authors

- Jose Luis Arroyo

Superior Seismic Data from the Borehole PEMEX )(
- Pascal Breton
Total )(
- Hans Dijkerman
)(
)( - Scott Dingwall
) Stavanger(
)(
- Rafael Guerra
well logs . )(
- Rune Hope


)(
high-resolution calibrated - Brian Hornby
. BP
)(
-
Rogelio Rufino Jimenez
oilfield technology )(
(E & )P - Thibaud Lastennet

Exploration & Producation : John Tulett

)(
: parameters
- Scott Leaney
)(
.correlation diagrams - TK Lim

: ) Aberdeen(
- Henry Menkiti
.
Belle-Chasse
) (
.
Jean-Claude Puech

)(
- Ted Ter Burg
.
) The Hague(
well logs .( - Michel Verliac
prediction )(

. :
- Pillip Armstrong

) Fuchinobe(
- Bernard Frignet
processing . ) La Defence(

amplitudes - Andy Fryer

Les Nutt )(
.
- Alberto Malinverno
P S : ) (
multi-coponenent - Dwight Peters

source-receiver offset ) Clamart(

- Mark Van Schaack
)( .
) Bergen(

( : . Breton, P. : ) Oilfield Review (

: .Well positioned Seismic Measurements : Marks of Schlumberger
- Q-Borehole
Throughdrill Seismic -
- Versatile Seismic Imager VSI
- WAVE SWINGS
 VSI ) Versatile Seismic Imager (VSI Fushinobe. ):(

bottom hole
assembly multi-
faults ) component multi offset
(stratigraphic markers
(
sidetrack drain .target layer
.holes seismic tools .velocity anisotropy (
wireline logging tool
- )
.(drill string .
.highly deviated
: .borehole imaging
case .
studies
.drill pipe :
(
vertical seismic profile
: . ) .(VSP
images
. borehole tools

( anisotropy velocity anisotropy

bedding fracturing .
( -: . Wuenschel PC Geophysics 41, No.2 ) ( :
The Vertical Array in Reflection Seismology-Some Experimental Studies
- . Christie P. ) Oilfield Review (
( . Breton, P. (

) Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP

)(
- : zero-offset VSP offset VSP
walkaway VSP deviated well VSP
Vertical Incidence VSP
) 3D VSP .(

) ( :
( .
seismic source )
(
attenuation
properties . ) .(
array receivers
)
) ( .
(. .signal-to-noise (s/n) ratio


disposition
: S-wave
converted P-wave .

. .
: towed marine image
standard land seismic .
drill-bit :
. .

arrivals )

 VSI

.
) (.

VSI ) ( )(
) ( )
SKK Fuchinobe(.

" " noise ratio ) (versatile

sensor package :
. . )Versatile Seismic Imager (VSI

VSI wireline tools
: tube

harmonics
) .(
Inclinometry tool spatial .(
orientation 3
multiple sensor
logging imaging ) (.
sampling component .shuttles

. imaging :
) (

relative-bearing ) ( . .

. signal-to-

( tube waves multiples

. ) (Hydrophones
) (geophones .

 VSI )
(accelerometer
)
(
) ( . :
resolution


.
) (accelerometers ) VSI !( irregularity
) (
)!( VSI
sensor .
.
VSI shuttle
shaker
sweep .
field engineer

.

.


) (.

velocity anisotropy
: .long offsets
)( shuttle VSI


irregular ) ( ) amplitude characteristic
( ) (. ) (AVO
)( .


.
far-field source

high performance
.
.


elastic properties
.
) airguns
.
( .
source

signature
WesternGeco
.(

( Tulett JR Duncan GA :Thompson

" ?"Seismic Air-Gun Sources: What's the Safe Distance from a Ship's
SPE 74177 )( ./-


. zero-

offset VSP
walkaway
VSP 3D-VSP
.

.

.
SWINGS

)( )
(orange .
) x(.
.
) (GPS
) /( .

.
quality fix .


:
- schemes ) wave front
.(finite difference
- ray-tracing programs
visualize .

.
3D
) (. ) ( ) (
) ( ) (. ) (
)(
"
.
"bad data areas
)(3D

.
three dimensional
.
subsurface obstacles
weathered
one-dimensional tow-
layers .
) dimensional (2D

.3D VSP
image

.
two arrays )

(
.

 Helmsman
position display
) (targeted
shot ) ( points

! : .on-target

.

VSP
. .off-target
SWINGS
) ultra high frequency (UHF
position-fix quality logging
unit
.quality control

seismic traces .


.computing center


WAVE-Q-borehole VSP
.
WAVE
3-component data " :
"time-depth-velocity plots
SWINGS ) ( zero-offset vertical incidence
) x ( ) x ( .
corridor stacking
.on-target
acoustic-impedance inversion
)(
rotated wavefields plot .(

.
.
) (inversion
VSI
.
SWINGS WAVE
.


Q-borehole .
drillers

well planner .

( corridor stack traces VSP

) ( .two-way-time

 ) :( ) ( intermidiate VSP .VSI
) intermediate ( ) (events
.) TD( . . .

)( :

).total depth (TD
)
( VSP look ahead
VSP .
VSI .
level amplitudes
. acoustic
impedance profile .
inferences
WAVE
stacked waveforms . resolution
inversion .
compaction
) . time-to-
!(. depth conversion
walkaway .


.zero offset VSP

.

 look-ahead
VSP walkaway
) VSI (
VSP .
) look ( TD-VSP ahead VSP
.
intermediate
. )( TD
)(
acoustic-impedance inversion
) blocky(
.intermediate TD

2D image time-depth
conversion VSI ) (events
long offset uncertainity
data . inversion
overburden
overburden . ) anisotropic .) :(.
(
intermediate VSP

. . TD .
stacking velocities
.intermediate
. VSP

) . inversion
!( . ) (.
.
) logging while drilling (LWD VSI

correlation ) VSP zero-offset
!( walkaway
. ) ( . .
VSP

 ) :( walkaway VSP ) ( .
zero-offset long offsets
.VSP ) ( .
isotropy ) (VTI .
) (
TD . ) (
. .

.
software .(
automatically scan
velocity : anisotropic
reprocessing ) :vertical transverse isotropy (VTI

walkaway VSP two parameters .
.
) (
.
. TD prediction

- ( . A. Malinverno Ws. Leaney ) 64th EAGE ( / -/

MonteCarlo Bayesian Look-ahead Inversion of walkaway VSP :
- . I. Bryant : ) Oilfield Review ( : .Understanding Uncertainty

 seismic image

geoscientists
. .

reach
VSP control well .

.
. VSP

.
.pinched-out .
)(
Vertical-incidence VSP
.
)
( . .

60 )
( .
VSI )
( . .
.drill string :
VSP-image


) (
.
.
VSP crestal
.

) (well A ) (.

side track
vertical-incidence VSP .

)(

 VSI
:

Through-Drill-Seismic
drill pipe
) ( .
reciprocation



. VSP

rig-up rig-
.down SWINGS
VSI
intermidiate .
13 /8.
3
.

133/8
.
WAVE
per e-
mail .

VSP

) ( .

VSP
TD

: )( )(

) (VSP .
.
VSP
.CDP
)(

 )vertical Incidence VSP (
) ( . stratigraphic pinchout ) (.

VSP
stratigraphic
) ( .
pinchouts
sidetrack .

.
PEMEX
reactivate Cuitlhuac
Prolific ) Burgos Basin
( .

Oligocene
) (NW-SE
faultblock
Cuitlhuac ) Burgos(
. multi-component VSP
.
PEMEX PEMEX
.
)(
.VSI P
S ) offset VSP (zero-offset VSP

. VSI
.(Acquisition Geometry
( . P. Armstrong EAEG )( :
" " Shear Wave Applications from zero-offset VSP

 zero-offset VSP .
. )
) !( VSI

( P S-wave energy ) ( ) (.

)
(
zero-offset
) Flat-Layer geology
( .
downgoing P-wave
:
.upgoing downgoing S-wave

.

) zero-offset VSP -
(P-to-P reflections
PEMEX : corridor stack corridor stacks
.
synthetic seismograms
.
sonic
logs
)( P dipole shear

) VSP ( .
normal-incidence .

 offset VSP ):(
.
)( ) ( . ) (
) (.

PEMEX
. P offset VSP
S
VSP,s
P-to-P - reflections
multicomponent
offset VSP P-
to-S reflections

.Cuitlhuac ) (.

) :( TotalFinaElf )(
AVO ) (3D ) near offsets (
.
) ( 3D ) long offsets (

. ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( .

) Variation with Offset (AVO amplitudes

Amplitude Variation with Angle near-offset TotalFinaElf
)(AVA

) long-offset )(
.( ( . .
Amplitude

( :
- Chiburis, E ) Oilfield Review 5-1 (. :
: )Hydrocarbon Detection with (AVO
- Leaney, WS EAGE )( //
AVO : ) (
Long-Offset AVO and Anisotropy Calibration Deep Offshore Nigeria


)
(.


.

.


AVO
.
) Amplitude Variation with Angle (AVA
)(
-
.
) !(
) (
AVO
.
) !( .



. AVO
.
anisotropy
overburden layers


.AVO
-
long Walkaway VSP
offset

) .(AVO
density log )
AVO ) 3D (
sonic log (
) ( ) (

.
.elastic model
)!( gather
) Common Midpoint (CMP
.synthetic gather anisotropic ) (
) (zero offset
) (long offset ) (
) ( ) (.
)(

 walkaway VSP
.

.residuals )
)(
(
VP/Vs
.
. Track )(
) (
VP/Vs : ) (

) ( ) ( .

VP/Vs
walkaway VSP !!.
Gassman :
)(
. track
) ( ) ( VP/Vs modeled
.
VP/Vs

VP/Vs
. correlation sonic logs


resistivity log )
.
( .


).(AVO
!! ) VSI
( . .
travel times . :
) intermediate
vertical . final AVO
) (transverse isotropy (VTI long offset

(
. isotropic :
walkaway VSP
residual time ) zero offset VSP
offset (rig-source VSP

.
( ) Vertical Transverse Isotropy (VTI

 elastic model ) ( ) (:
shales VP/Vs .. ) time residuals (

)( )(.

)( : walkaway ) ( ) (
) ( )(
AVO ) (.

Vertical Transvers AVO

) Isotropy (VTI
time of arrival AVO ) .
. ( AVO
walkaway VSP
switched off isotropic )
criterion !( .
. Vp/Vs dipole sonic log
)

density log AVO

shales trends compaction AVO
% . ( .
inversion common- .
) receiver gather gradient

 VTI ) walkaway
(. (AVO correlation
synthetic gather

) ( ) ( AVO . ) ( ):(
AVO ) (
.

AVO
walkaway calibrated prestack
time
. migration

. AVO

AVO .
. AVO
AVO .
AVO ) offsets
AVO ( .
target 1 sand walkaway VSP

) :( ) ( walkaway image
) corridor stack trace ( ) ( .
) ( .

.
. ) (
VSP .(
migration walkaway VSI
walkaway data ) ( AVO
shale zone
) ( . AVO
in-line walkaway
image .isotropic forward modeling
relevant 4,5 offset
. gathers
CMP .
.
AVO overburden
. SWINGS intervening shales

( : Dingwall, S.:
AVO :
""Resolving an AVO-Ambiguity with Borehole Acoustic Data-A Case Study
EAGE ) Stavanger( .

 3D

walkaway acquisition
.3DVSP source vessel ) (3D
Snapper
Western Geco .
source vessel . )
(subsurface
parameters walkaway VSP .
: ) :(
) :( parameters :
) ( . ).(3D VSP
VSI ) (
.

.
Snapper
) (
flip-flop . .
) :

operating efficiency
.(alternating array
stratigraphic variation

. ) .
( .
tool string spiral

) :( ) ( ) ( spiral 3D VSP
VSI ) ( . walkaway VSP
) ( acquisition parameters .
) ( . x
port source .starboard source

: ) (
- VSI
.AVO

-
.

: -
- :
time depth conversion
- . .
high resolution images
: cycle time
-
:

-
-
) (

() sampling
-
) (
AVO

% ) ( .



.
.
-

 Nomenclatures

A drill, string inversion

acquisition, geometry drill, pipe image in-line walkaway

acquisition, spiral drill-bit intervening shale

acquisition, parameters disposition irregularity ( )

amplitude ( ) one-dimensional irregular ( )

anisotropy tow-dimensional (2D) isotropic forward
array ( ) three dimensional (3D) image, high resolution
( )
arrivals difference, finite
L
attenuation, properties driller long offsets
accelerometer ( ) downgoing P-wave logging while drilling
airguns dipole sonic log logging, unit
density, log log density
acoustic-impedance inversion
acoustic impedance profile
E M
exploration & production
markers
amplitude variation with angle elastic, properties migration ( )

B elastic, model
multi-coponenent

borehole, imaging efficiency, operating, multi offset

borehole, tools F model elastic

bottom hole assembly faults
N


bedding fracturing
normal-incidence
bad data areas field engineer

O
C far-field source
obstacles, subsurface
finite, difference

calibrated
oilfield technology
faultblock
correlation, diagram
Oilfield Review ( )
case study G off-target
converted, wave geoscientists on-target
characteristics gradient ( ) orientation, spatial
center, computing geometry, acquisition overburden ( )
corridor, stacking H offsets long
compaction ( ) high-resolution )( overburden layers
correlation highly deviated operating, efficiency
control, well

high performance
P
common midpoint
high resolution image package, sensor
common-receiver gather
I parameters
control, quality
image processing
D imaging, borehole properties, attenuation
diagram, correlation inclinometry tool properties, elastic
3-component data
inferences prediction ( )

 ( )
P-wave S-wave
U
position-fix quality schemes ultra high frequency (UHF)
pinched-out ( ) signature, source uncertainty
pinchout, stratigraphic standard land seismic
per e-mail sensor, package
V
vessel, source
pipe, drill subsurface, obstacles
velocity anisotropy
port source shot points
vertical seismic, profile
Q source-receiver (VSP)

quality control sonic logs Versatile Seismic Imager

Q-borehole stratigraphic, pinchout visualize
seismogram synthetic vertical incidence
R synthetic gather
rotated, wavefields
shale, zone vertical transverse isotropy
ray-tracing programs
starboard, source W
( )

resolution
source, vessel waveforms, stacked


relative-bearing
subsurface ( ) wavefields, rotated
( )

resistivity log
shales () well, control


relevant
shale, intervening wave, converted


reach
stacked waveforms well logs


reciprocation
wireline logging tools
T

rig-up
wave front
rig-down tube harmonics
VSP, walkaway
target, layer

residual time
weathered layers
tools, borehole

reprocessing
WAVE-Q-borehole
( ) tools, seismic

receivers
walkaway
towed marine seismic
S targeted
walkaway data (VSP)
stacking, corridor well planner
time, residual
scan, automatically
Z


string, drill time depth velocity plots zero-offset VSP
seismic, tools total depth ( )
seismic, traces time-to-depth conversion
shuttle tube harmonics
sensor ( ) target layer
spatial, orientation travel, time
sweep time, residual
shaker seismic, traces
source, seismic string, tool
sidetrack drain holes time of arrival
stratigraphic ( ) trends ( )