Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Wikipedia Tamil - தமிழர் PDF
Wikipedia Tamil - தமிழர் PDF
,
.[14] . , -
,
. . ,
,
,
. 1800- .
-
,
2
, ,
. -
, , 4 -
- . -
. 20- .
-
. 1950- .
-
-
. 1983- .[15] , -
, , - -
, , .
, , , , .
- ,
. 70 ,
, 9 1000- -
-
.[1] . -
-
-
1 ,
: . -
- 500-
. - .[16]
-
.
- .
, -
. -
, ,
3 -
-
.[ ]
: -
[ ]
.
1
2 3
. ( (), ),
. -
. ,
3 1 ,
. -
- .
. 10% -
. ,
.
.
,
3 4
, ()
:
.
19-
.
3 2 1850 -
,
- , ,
. -
, -
. , .
, -
. - , .
, ,
-
. , , -
, .
. 1800- .
-
,
- 3 5
.
:
-
, , , 1950-
. -
. -
. 1983-
-
33 -
, . -
, , -
. - .
,
, , -
- , .
- , , , ,
. , , -
. -
. (), 400,000 500,000
, (), , .
5 1 3
36
:
, ,
.
-
. -
. ,
. "-
"
37
-
: . , -
-
- . 2005-
. 1950- -
, . , , -
. 1983- , -
- .
-
, -
. 250,000- 5 1
, 50,000-
. -
. -
, -
4 . . 300
. 300 -
. -
:
- , -
, . -
- . , ,
. - -
, - .
, , - , , -
, - -
. - .
, - , -
. -
. .
, .
-
.
5 2
5 . 300- . 700- -
-
.
: , , ,
- , -
, , -
4 6
. - . .
. , ,
.
. 19541968
53 .
, , ,
. 700- . 1200- .
. -
.
. .
- -
. , , ,
. , , ,
- , , , (),
. ,
, -
. . .
850- . 1250- - .
, , , ,
. , -
.
54
. 1200- . 1800- - .
. -
, , , -
.
, -
.
, -
. 6
, , -
, :
. 1732- . -
-
.
55
18- -
. -
-
. . . , .
. , -
-
. 1916-
-
-
-
. , - ,
, , , -
- , , ,
. , , , -
-
- .
6 4 5
, -
, -
, -
.
61
:
-
-
. -
. , ,
-
-
. , -
, -
, , -
. -
.
- . -
. .
-
. .[17]
. -
- . " -
, , -
. - -
-
. - -
.[18] -
. - . , ,
.
.
6 4
62
:
, , -
. , .
, , , , -
. - . -
"" ,
. - , -
.
.
6 5
63
:
. , - -
, - . -
6 6
, - , - , - -
.
6 7
:
. ''
-
. -
,
.
, -
-
.
66
, , ,
.
-
-
. , ,
,
, , -
' , , -
' .[19] . , , ,
, , , -
. , .
, ,
. 6 8
, -
. :
, , - -
. - "" .
. , .
6 10 7
. -
, .. -
. "-
. -
"[21]
-
.
6 10
:
. , , -
, , ,
- -
- . . . , ,
. . . ,
-
[20] . . , . -
, - , , , -
-
, , . , -
?
- -
. . ,
-
.
69
: , 6 11
, , -
, , , ,
, -
. -
, , ,
. . ,
.
-
. , , ,
. -
-
. -
- .
-
. - -
, .
- -
. , , , - .
. , . . ,
, , . . ,
. - 7
, , -
- :
8 10
, , -
,
-
.
. , -
, , , ,
, , , , -
.[23]
(.: 2008
- 53%) -
.
-
. -
, -
/ -
.
-
,
-
-
.
8 -
. , ,
: , - , .[25]
- . ,
, , (), ,
. - ,
. .
-
- ,
, , , , - ,
- -
. .
,
, -
9
, -
: . , (),
(Agnosticism),
, -
. -
.
-
-
,
10
.
,
, , , - :
.[24] -
, - -
- ' . -
. , , ,
, -
11 3 9
. - 11 3
-
. , - :
. -
-
.
. -
, , -
.
(, -
), (, , -
, , ), (
) . -
-
. -
.[26]
11
,
-
11 1 .
: .
, -
,
, - 11 4
.
.
.
,
, -
.
-
. ; -
, , , ,
, . ,
. , ,
, , , -
.
11 2
: -
: -
, , , , - .
, , - , , -
. - .
. , . "
, , , - -
- , -
. ,
, , - " -
.
10 14
- 14
.
:
12
-
. , , ,
: , , -
, - -
, - . (
- ), , (
. , - , , ),
, , - ( ), (
, - ), , ,
- , , , ,
. - , , , -
; -
. .
-
.
14 1
-
. -
, ,
, , -
, -
.
-
-
. -
-
,
. -
. -
-
.[27] -
,
,
-
-
.[28]
-
-
13 . 1950 -
: -
.
, 14 2
-
, -
. -
11
- 18
-
. [1] Top 30 Languages by Number of Native Speakers:
- sourced from Ethnologue: Languages of the World,
. 15th ed. (2005)", Vistawide World Languages &
Cultures, http://www.vistawide.com/languages/top_30_
. languages.htm, : 3 April 2007
16 [7] http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/
dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&
Code1=535&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&
- SearchText=Toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=
- 01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1
. -
, - [8] Indian Americans grow to 3.2m, top in income,
. - The Times Of India, 16 November 2011,
, , , -
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/us-canada-news/
Indian-Americans-grow-to-3-2m-top-in-income/
. - articleshow/10752245.cms
-
- [9] ""World Tamil Population", tamilo.com
.
- [10] ""Tamils - a Trans State Nation, Indonesia",
- Tamilnation.org, 15 August 2011.
. [11] "Census 2001 Statewise population by Religion".
Censusindia.gov.in. 18 July 2010.
[18] - . (1980). -
! - - . :
.
[19] . . (2001). . - . . (1973). -
: . 276. .
[20] . . (1991). .
: .
[21] . (2004). . : .
. . . (). .
[22] ().
. . (1947).
2007.
-
. : . . : .
51 52
. . . ().
[23] . . (2004). . .
: .
. (2005). -
[24] . :
- .
-
, , , . . (2005).
(. . : -
: 5) .
[25] http://www.tamilvu.org/courses/diploma/c031/c0313/
html/c0313201.htm 19 2
[26] -
Hart, G.L. (1979). The Nature of Tamil
.. - ()
-
Devotion. In M.M. Deshpande and P.E. Hook
(eds.), Aryan and Non-Aryan in India, pp. 1133.
[27] Protect Tamils in Malaysia, Karunanidhi urges PM. AOL Michigan: Ann Arbor. ISBN 0-89148-014-5
Indo Asian News Service. November 27, 2007.
Hart, G.L. (1987). Early Evidence for Caste
[28] South African Indians oppose Indian Arms to Sri Lanka. in South India. In P. Hockings (ed.), Dimesions
Friday, 21 March 2008. of Social Life: Essays in honor of David B.
Mandelbaum. Berlin: Mouton Gruyter.
19 3
-
( )
Ethnologue .
. .
.
20
- - (-
)
- - ()
, , (Tamils in Jana
) - ()
-
20 1
14 21 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
21 2 Images
:AR_Rahman_140x190.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/AR_Rahman_140x190.jpg -
: CC BY 3.0 : Bollywoodhungama.com : IndiaFm/Bollywood Hungama
:Apj_abdul_kalam.JPG : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Apj_abdul_kalam.JPG : CC
BY-SA 4.0 : : Kannan Shanmugam studio, Main Road, Kollam
:Ayyanar_idols_near_Gobichettipalayam.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Ayyanar_idols_
near_Gobichettipalayam.jpg : CC BY-SA 3.0 : Self-made by Rahuldb (talk) : Rahuldb
(talk).
:Dancers,Karakattam,Tamil_Nadu358.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Dancers%
2CKarakattam%2CTamil_Nadu358.jpg : CC BY 2.0 : Flickr: DSC_5173 :
Jayanth Vincent
:Flag_of_Australia.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg : Public
domain : : Ian Fieggen
:Flag_of_Bahrain.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg : Public
domain : http://www.moci.gov.bh/en/KingdomofBahrain/BahrainFlag/ : Source: Drawn by
User:SKopp, rewritten by User:Zscout370
:Flag_of_Canada.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg : Public
domain : ? : ?
:Flag_of_Denmark.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg : Public
domain : : User:Madden
:Flag_of_Fiji.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg : CC0 -
: ? : ?
:Flag_of_France.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg : Public
domain : http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/de/frankreich_3/frankreich-entdecken_244/portrat-frankreichs_247/
die-symbole-der-franzosischen-republik_260/trikolore-die-nationalfahne_114.html : This graphic was drawn by
SKopp.
:Flag_of_Germany.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg : Public
domain : ? : ?
:Flag_of_India.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg : Public
domain : <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vexillological_symbols' title=''><img alt=''
src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FIAV_111000.svg/23px-FIAV_111000.svg.png' width='23'
height='15' class='thumbborder' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FIAV_111000.svg/35px-FIAV_
111000.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FIAV_111000.svg/46px-FIAV_111000.svg.png
2x' data-le-width='320' data-le-height='210' /></a> : User:SKopp
:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg : Public
domain : Law: s:id:Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 2009 (http://badanbahasa.kemdiknas.go.
id/lamanbahasa/sites/default/files/UU_2009_24.pdf) : Drawn by User:SKopp, rewritten by User:Gabbe
:Flag_of_Italy.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg : Public domain
: There has been a long discussion on the colors of this ag. Please read the talk page before editing or reverting
this image. Pantone to RGB performed by http://www.pantone.com/pages/pantone/colorfinder.aspx : see below
:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg : Public
domain : Create based on the Malaysian Government Website (archive version)
: SKopp, Zscout370 and Ranking Update
Credits:
:Flag_of_Thailand.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg : Public
domain : : Zscout370
:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg
: Public domain : : Zscout370
:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_
Arab_Emirates.svg : Public domain : ? : ?
:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_
Kingdom.svg : Public domain : per data at http://flagspot.net/flags/gb.html
: Original ag by Acts of Union 1800
:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg
: Public domain : SVG implementation of U. S. Code: Title 4, Chapter 1, Section 1 [1] (the United States
Federal Flag Law). : Dbenbenn, Zscout370, Jacobolus, Indolences, Technion.
:FrThaninayagam.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ta/2/29/FrThaninayagam.jpg : ? -
: ? : ?
:Fzsd.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ta/0/0e/Fzsd.jpg : ? : ? -
: ?
:Ilaiyaraaja_BHung.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Ilaiyaraaja_BHung.jpg : CC BY
3.0 : http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/images/3306/still108799.html : Bollywood
Hungama
:IndraNooyiDavos2010ver2.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/IndraNooyiDavos2010ver2.jpg
: CC BY-SA 2.0 : posted to Flickr as Indra Nooyi, PepsiCo CEO, Speaking at the World Economic Forum
2010 Annual Meeting : JeBedford from Arlington, Virginia, United States
:Janaki_Athi_Nahappan2.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ta/b/b9/Janaki_Athi_Nahappan2.jpg : ?
: ? : ?
:JasmineSimhalan-kalaripayatt-silambam.gif : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/
JasmineSimhalan-kalaripayatt-silambam.gif : Public domain : Transferred from en.wikipedia; transferred
to Commons by User:Sadik Khalid using CommonsHelper. : Original uploader was Kalaripayatt at en.wikipedia Later
version(s) were uploaded by Vadakkan at en.wikipedia.
:Kambar_cropped.JPG : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Kambar_cropped.JPG : CC BY-
SA 3.0 : https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:.JPG : User:Arunankapilan
:Kilithadu.JPG : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ta/5/5c/Kilithadu.JPG : ? : ? -
: ?
:MIA_front_face.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/MIA_front_face.jpg : CC BY 2.0
: w/M.I.A. : Evhead
:Mamallapuram_sculptures.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ta/3/34/Mamallapuram_sculptures.jpg :
? : ? : ?
:Ms_subbulakshmi_140x190.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Ms_subbulakshmi_140x190.
jpg : Public domain : <a href='//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meera_(1945_film)' class='extiw' title='w:Meera
(1945 lm)'>Meera</a> : Chandraprabha Cinetone
:Navanethem_Pillay_crop.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Navanethem_Pillay_crop.jpg
: CC BY 3.0 br : Cropped from File:Navanethem Pillay.jpg, original source Agncia Brasil -
: Antnio Cruz (Agncia Brasil)
:Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-08.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Nobel_
Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-08.jpg : CC BY-SA 3.0 : :
Prolineserver (<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Prolineserver' title='User talk:Prolineserver'>talk</a>)
:Photograph_of_Muttiah_Muralitharan.jpg : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Photograph_of_
Muttiah_Muralitharan.jpg : CC BY 3.0 : <a data-x-rel='nofollow' class='external text' href='http://
www.bollywoodhungama.com/more/photos/view/stills/parties-and-events/id/1135700'>Source Link</a> : <a data-x-
rel='nofollow' class='external text' href='http://www.bollywoodhungama.com'>Bollywood Hungama</a>
Edited & Uploaded By <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:MediaJet' title='User:MediaJet'>MediaJet</a>
16 21 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
21 3 Content license
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0