1. ..................................................................................................................................................

2
2. ............................................................................................................3
2.1. ..................................................................................................................4
2.2. ...............................................................................................5
2.3. ..........................................................................6
3. ..........................................................8
5. ........................................................................10
6. ...................................................................................................................................12
7. .................................................................................................................................13
 1.

a + bi, a b , i
. z = a + bia , a = Re(z),
b , b = Im(z).
.

(
i ). ,
,
, , ,
.

.
,
. ,
.
(. ).
. .

2
 2.

16.
. 19. ,
. (
) .
.
D = b2 4ac ax2+bx+c = 0 ,
. :

x2 + 1 = 0
, ( x
-1) . 1 i -i .
(i -i) x2 +1 = 0 ( 1 -1
x2-1 = 0). . ,
1:

i2 = -1
i - i: (-i)2 = (-i)(-i) = (-1)2 i2 = 1 f (-1) = -1.

( )
1 i .

z = x + yi
x , y z (:
).
C. R C x
x + 0 f 1. .

C ( ).
1 i,
: .

1 i 18. , .

3
 . 1

2.1.

19. .
z = x + yi (x; y)
( : ),
. ,
.
( 0),
( 0).
:

. 2

4
 2.2.

z = x + yi, |z| = x2 + y 2
= (x, y)
.

. 3

z 1=x 1 + y 1 i , z 2=x 2+ y2 i . :

x
( 1x 2 )+ ( y 1 y 2 ) i


| 1 2|=
z z

.
| z 1z 2 | z1 z2 .
z 0=x 0 + y 0 i .

{z :|zz 0|=r } (1)

r z 0 r

. z 0 r . k (z 0 :r ) . (
3).

(1) ,
, z0 r , ,
z 0 r .

5
 . 4

2.3.

M =( x , y ) z=x + yi .
M
. M
: r
z .

. 5

x y
cos= sin=
r r

6
 {xy=r
=r cos
sin
(2)

z=x + yi=r ( cos+ isin ) .

.
(2) :

x 2+ y 2 =r 2 (cos 2 +sin2 ) r= x 2 + y 2 . r
z=0 .
=arg ( z ) . ,
2 .
, '''', x y ,
. (2)
x0 ,

y
tan=
x

7
 3.

1.1. C (x, y)
:

(x1 , y1) + (x2, y2) = (x1 + x2, y1 + y2) (1)

(x1, y1) * (x2, y2) = (x1x2 y1y2, x1y2 x2y1) (2)

z.

.
.
.

1.2. z, -z

z + (-z) = 0

z = (x, y) z = (-x
iy).

1
1.3. z
z

1
z * = 1. .
z

1.4. (0, 1) i.

i2 = -1

i2 = (0, 1) * (0, 1) = (-1, 0) = -1

8
 z = (x, y) = (x, 0) + (0, y) = (x, 0) + (0, 1) * (y, 0)

Gaussov

z = x + iy

1.5. z = x iy z = x +
iy.

, z z :

1 1
Re(z) = (z + z ); Im(z) = (z - z
2 2i

. x2 + 1 = 0 .

1. z 1 z 2=z 1 z2 .

2. z 1z 2=z 1z 2 .

3. z = z.

z 1 z1
4. = , z 0.
z 2 z2 2

z = (x, y) M
R x R Re(z) , Im(z) .

Gaussova .

1.6. z |z|

|z|= (z )2+ (z )2

0 = (0, 0). :

9
 z2=zz
z=|z| ,

5.

, ,
n
. n- z =z .
=n z . n- z, z 0,
z :

z = r (cos + i sin ),

= (cos + i sin ).

r (cos + i sin ) = n (cos n + i sin n)

n = r = n r
+2 k
n=+2 k , k Z = ,kZ .
n

n r n- r.
, ,
.
2 .

10
 k = 0, 1, ..., n 1,
:

+2 + 2(n1)
, ,,
n n n

2 .
k.

n n z:

+2 k + 2 k
(
n z=n r cos
n
+i sin
n ), k=0, 1, , n1.

2
n r . A n
.

n- n-
.

. 6 n

11
 6.

y ,
(a,b), a b ( a,b R ). ,
, , . ,
, C
C= R R . (a,b), , a+bi.
i , i2= -1.
j.

(
, i, ).
, ,
,
, , (
), .

.
,
. ,
.

12
 7.

[1] Solomentsev, E.D. (2001). Complex number. .: Hazewinkel Michiel. Encyclopaedia of

Mathematics. Springer

[2] Conway, John B.. Functions of One Complex Variable I (Graduate Texts in Mathematics),
Springer; 2 edition (12 September 2005)

[3] https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/_

13